‘Module 1 ‘Module 2 ‘Module 3 Module 4 ‘UNIT 1 Something to shout about! (pp. 7-26) Ambition, success, achievement, happiness UNIT2 Escape Artists (pp. 27-46) ‘ave, entertainment, leisure, relaxing UNIT 3 People Power (pp. 53-72) People, families, appearances. UNIT 4 Growing Concerns (op. 7392) Soda problems, cil ibetis, ‘unemployment, poverty intemational issues, environmental problems UNIT 5. Our Changing World (pp. 99-118) Technology, comptrs, space travel, technology in everday ie UNIT 6 A Job Well Done (op. 119-138) Work, the workplace, business, professions, money UNIT7 Fit for Life (pp. 145-164) Health, fitness, medicine, sport & exercise UNIT Live and Learn (pp. 165-184) ‘School, education, university ife, educational issues UNIT 9 The Image Business (pp. 191-210) The fashion industry, image, the visual arts UNIT 10. Shop Around (pp. 211-234) Shopping, the economy, advertising ‘Grammar Reference (p. 239) Irregular Verbs (9. 248) ‘Appendix 1 ~ Phrasal Verbs (p. 250) Contents Celebrations; career sucess; colocations; words often confused; leaders; expressing satisfaction, idioms; fixed phrases with on, phrasal verbs; Communication: giving and responding to news Pastimes and hobbies sure activities; adectives ‘colocation; idioms; fied phrases with af, phrasal verbs; Communication: making and responding to suggestions intertupting Family; media; characteristics; words often confused; «allocations; idioms; fixed phrases with of, phrasal vets (clear, come); Communication: apologising Crime and the law: punishment; charity; social issues; People in the egal profession; phrasal verbs, idioms; fixed phrases with against; Communication: problems and solutions Science and technology: computers; phrasal verbs; idioms; fixed phrases with in; Communication: sharing opinions Jobs, work and workplaces; collocations, idioms; fixed ‘phrases with on; phrasal verbs; Communication: polite requests Health problems; treatments; medicine; collocation; idioms, fixed phrases with under, phrasal verbs; Communication: making appointments School, college, university: study methods; subjects leaming;collcations; idioms; fixed phrases with by, phrasal verbs; Communication: describing similarities! differences Image; looks; collocation; idioms; fied phrases with down, phrasal verbs; Communication: expressing surpise, calling 999 Shopping; money; advertising; collcations; idioms; fixed phrases with cary; phrasal verbs; Communication: placng/confirming an order; making! answering a complaint ‘Appendix 2~ Linking WordsPhrases (p. 251) Sets of Pictures (p, 253) Multiple matching (parts 1/4); multiple choice (part 3) Multiple choice (part 3); gapped text (part 2) Multiple choice (part 3); multiple matching (parts 1/4) Multiple matching (parts 14); gapped text (part 2) Multiple choice (part 3); multiple matching (parts 1/4) ‘Multiple matching (parts 1/4, gapped text (part 2) Multiple matching (parts 1/4); ‘multiple choice (part 3); Multiple choice (part 3), gapped text (part 2) ‘Multiple choice (part 3); multiple matching (parts 1/4) Gapped text (part 2); multiple matching (parts 1/4)and Grammar. gerund / infinitive exam practice: parts 1,5; ‘word formation, word building; ertor correction fxam practice: parts 1,4 (task type 1) Pee) vam practice: part 2; useful language: comparing, contrasting and speculating: pet ef assessment Formal and informal letters Grammar: the present; statve verbs; exam practice: Parts 2,3 task type 2), 4, 6 Grammar: the past; used to and. would; exam practice: parts 2, 3 (task ype 1), 5; regster transfer, err conection vam practice: parts 2, 4 (task type 1) Exam practice: pats 2, 3 Exam practice: parts 3, 4; useful language; peer assessment Exam practice: part 2; useful language; peer assessment Reviews Grammar: the passive; the causative; exam practice: parts 1, 2,4, 5, register transfer, ‘word formation Grammar: the future; exam practice: parts 2, 3 (task type 1), 4, 5; eror correction, register transfer Exam practice: parts 1, 3, 4 (task type 1) ram practice: parts 3, 4 (task type 2) fram practice: pats 3, 4; useful language; evaluating; peer assessment Exam practice: part 2; useful language; peer assessment Reports and proposals Book entries Grammar: conditionals and wishes; exam practice: parts 1 4,6; structure and coherence; word formation Grammar: inversion; modal verbs; exam practice: parts 1, 3 (task types 1, 2), 5; register ‘rans, structure fram practice: parts 2, 3 (task type 1) Exam practice: parts 2, 3 (task type 2), 4 (task ‘ype t) ram practice: pats 3, Useful language: selecting; peer assessment ram practice: part 2; useful language: making assumptions, ‘quessing and eliminating, peer assessment Business optionfetters of ‘pplication ‘Combined transactional tasks Grammar: telatves; exam practice: parts 3,4, 5; word formation; structure and coherence Grammar: indirect speech and reporting verbs; exam practice parts 1,3 (task ype 1), 4, 5; word formation, reqjster transfer Exam practice: parts 1, 2 Exam practice: parts 2, 4 (task type 1) assessment ‘xem practice: parts 3, 4; useful language; peer assessment Exam practice: part 2; peer Information sheets Competition entries ‘Grammar: articles and punctuation; exam practice: parts 3 (task type 2), 4 6; proof-reading, structure ram practice: parts 1, 4 (task type 2) Exam practice: parts 3, 4 peer assessment Review of writing tasksSomething to Shout About | Escape Artists* How do you relax? it eu a) a st = Listen, read and tall © success and how to . achieve it . + celebrations . * happiness . successful people and their personalities : * successful businesses + achievements . © quality of life Learn how to ... * aive/fespond to news © interrupt * compare, contrast and speculate + make/respond to suggestions * negotiate/reach agreement ne a + any © wear © put set SECS use * What do you think of when you hear the word ‘success'? ant ‘unusual celebrations getting a job getting away from it al relaxing & escaping books and reading travelling & holidays ‘weekend breaks pastimes and hobbies arte © gerund/nfinitive the present tenses/ stative verbs formal and informal letters + reviews1 2 Lead-in a. Look at the pictures showing people expressing joy on different occasions. What has happened ‘to make them feel happy? Now, in pairs, discuss success. Think about: * its importance in our lives * happiness it brings * problems it causes ‘@))_ listen to some people talking about what they ‘believe to be the secret of success and complete the {gaps using 1 to 3 words. 1 Always when other people doubt you 2. Block keep going, 3. Channel your efforts in the right direction and 4 in differen 5 Practise being tnt it becomes second nature, 6 Beorganised and 7 Never ‘and believe you are as good as everyone else. b. Decide on three of the elements in Ex. 2a which you think are most important for success. Compare your list to your partner's Look at the following list of qualities and, in pairs, discuss in which profession(s) you think each one is necessary and why, * physical strength * quick thinking * determination ‘foresight + diplomacy « discipline * imagination * intellect.» power of persuasion * team spirit + lawyer teacher © business executive» pltician © firefighter © carsalesman © footballer © doctor © artdiector novelist ‘A: Ithinkstrong powers ofpersuasion are essential for someone lie acarsalesman because he has to beable to talkpeople into buying rom him. B: Poltcians need this too, in order to gain support foran idea ora policy. Dont you think? Paraphrase the following quotations. Do you agree with them? Why (not)? Discuss in pairs. ‘Success usually comes to those who are too busy to be looking for it Henry David Thoreau (American pect & philosopher) ‘You always pass failure on the way to success Mickey Rooney (American comedian)1 2 You are going to read an article about successful people. a. Read the introduction to the article and in pairs answer the following questions, * According to the writer, how important is talent in achieving success? * What do you think the people will say are the keys to success? The following phrases appear in the text. How are they related to the title? Scan the text to see if your ‘uesses were correct. = keep going * will to succeed + set goals + path to success * pursue my goal + block out negative thoughts » channel your efforts « gut instinct. * plan your progress # push beyond your limits * stay focused Reading - Parts 1/4 Read the article. For questions (1-14), choose from the answers (A.\). Some of the choices may be required more than once, STRATEGY POINT Read the text quickly to get an idea of the themels) and content, This will ako give You an idea of where to ook for the answers later, Read the questions / statements, Read each section in detail to see which statements apply to which section, The answers do not necessarily appear in the text in the same order as the questions. The answers are not worded in the same ‘way the questions. You will have to interpret the language of the text. Olympic Heptathlon Champion Voted Britain's female athlete ofthe year (1996) “Always believe in yoursel. I have learned a lot from my own diseppointments, In the 1996 Olympics, [ost it completely. I was far behind the leading three athletes, ‘and Lflt vas letting myself and my country down Inthe javelin event I needed an extra two metres to LW iV WAVEBAK into contention. I managed to ‘metres by throwing way beyond what I expected.” Sir Steven Redgrave ‘Winner of 5 Olympic gold medals that nothing is over until i's actually over, and ended up achieving an extra four remind myself B 10 “Don't let potential hurdles block your path to success In 1997 I was diagnosed as diabetic {remember thinking my career was over. Ifelt incredibly low. Then one of ¢ the specialists said there was no reason why I shouldn't carry on training and ‘competing, and that was it- the spur I needed. I could still be a winner myself Tam not saying that i isn't difficult sometimes, But 1 want myself that I wasn’t finished yet, so illness was never enough to prevent pursuing my goal, No obstacle is ever insurmountable.” Annilea Reeder British Gymnasties Champion “Neier, err gie up, When times ae hard, KS pugpingawAy owas ifTelioved in 15 ted to prove to ime from € 20 cs your goal. If Sou have a dream, inch your way towards it and mark off mini goals on the way. A lot of it depends on your own mental will to succeed, There was a tint ‘when TR from a ite gel 0 a woman and I experienced a huge dip in my ein my career ‘confidence, My coach encouraged me to keep going, and it was the best advice T could have been given. Sometimes i's very hard to puEthNgintorperspective; but the best approach is to block out the negative thoughts and keep att Pete Cohen Sports Psychologist D 30 “Whatever your personal challenge, iti important to set goals for yourself. Make sure they are realistic aims that you know are achievable. Channel your efforts in the ‘ight direction and don't get SMG5F¥EKE@! And remember, if you ure too nervous about tackling) something, you won't achieve it, Relieve some of the tension 3 associated with your challenge by reminding yourself that world peace isnot riding | on you succeeding.” Octavius Black Director of The Mind Gym, London Advisor to Microsoft and Pret A Manger 40 “The key to success isto think imaginatively about your goals. It's alot easier than it sounds, Ifyou tend to overanalys, ty making a few decisions based on your gut instinct. You will be surprised at the way people respect your positive actions, Remember, the more you practise being assertive and proactive, the more it 45 becomes second nature. And your brain can only learn to react in different ways and remember diferent skills if it has been taught o, So, at work, make an effort to learn something new every day. It ill help to Bod your confidence:50 8 ® ‘Karen Pickering FE Swimming World Champion, 1998 “Be organised and disciplined. Every week Ido 10 two-hour sessions inthe pool and three two-hour gym sessions. There is no way/I could get through that sort of workload without being on tp of my diary. fave learned that hiss so the hey 1o success in other aspects of ie ‘You can't parsue a career in any HSPN Withoot being organised Make lists of what you want to do and what you want to achieve and. | then plan your progress towards your goal Just by writing down your goals for the day, however small they are, you'll be a step closer to achieving them." Kirsten Best a Poet & Novelist "Concentrate. Sometimes a voice inside your head tells you that you can't do something. Then there are EXER distractions, such as, family or lifestye, The key is to make sure that these don’t have a detrimental eect, Concentration will make you feel more in control of your life and it will boost your confidence and sel-belie Occasionally, I use key words that help me stay focused. When T am stressed, for example, it helps to repeat words such as ‘calm’, peace” ‘or ‘focus’ either outloud or silently in my mind. This isa habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful ‘chological tool Roger Black a Olympic 400 metres Silver Medalist “used imagery and visualisation a lot when [was competing and I'm cmvinced it helped a great deal in my success. Imagine you are ‘experiencing success. Mentally transfer yourself to the place where you can see, hear and smell what is going on around you. Thea, run through the possible permutations of what could happen. This way you will be prepared for everything and afraid of nothing. One ‘cumple ofthis being put to its best use is when you ae asked to give resentation at work. It can be nerve-racking at the best of times, but if you have already ‘lived’ through it all in your head it's a lot, Donna Fraser T British 400 metres Champion ‘Don't underestimate yourself. didn’t have the confidence to believe | ould be & winner until the ast Olympics. I misjudged my race and only took fourth place, but it taught me more than I could have ‘imagined - that I could have done it, and that Lam good enough if ‘only [believe in myselt. Now, having achieved way beyond what I | expected, 1 have no brie in my mind. Push yourself beyond your limits. Take your time, work your way up, and don't forget to enjoy ‘yourself while you doit” Whose age affected histher self- assurance? 1 ‘© Who benefited from falling? 2 3 ‘+ Who needed someone else's help to succeed? 4 5 © Who thinks about success in order to make it happen? 6 © Who thinks it is necessary to have minor aims leading up to the most important? 7 8 © Who needed to overcome health problems? 9 ‘© Who thinks you must not lose sight of your main aim? 10 ‘= Who thinks you should try to surpass yourself? " ‘= Who believes you should not always think too much about decisions? R ‘+ Who believes you must manage your time effectively? B * Who repeats things to himself/herself in order to relax? 4 © Vocabulary Practice 3a Match the words/phrases from the text to their ‘meaning. I 1. hurdle 12) frightening l 2 insurmountable I, 18) _b damaging 3. second nature (46) ¢ impossible to overcome 4 detrimental (65) variations 5 permutations (78) e automatic 6 nerveracking (.81) believe oneself to be weaker 7 underestimate than one is I yourself (| 86) something blocking one's way I b, Explain the the highlighted words/phrases. © Text analysis 4. What does the writer mean by the underlined phrases? Discuss in pairs. © Discussion 5 a Make a “Key to success’ ist. Compare your list to your partner's, then present it to the class. b. Tell your partner about someone you know who hhas become successful, saying what qualities ‘and circumstances have helped him/her.Language Focus D Let's celebrate! 2 @) Listen to two people taking, What special “occasion is being described? How does the girl feel 41 @ Lookat the newspaper announcements, about the celebration she went to? telegrams and greeting cards below. To which of the following events is each one related? b. In pairs, discuss the best celebration you have ever attended. Think about: * house-warming * engagement * wedding * promotion + retirement * graduation * the reason forthe celebration « anniversary « birth *+ how many people attended © where it was celebrated . f ‘A ROBERTSON Elaine (nee Marshall) and Mark are What kind of food was served kinds of entertainment how long it lasted pleased to announce the arrival oftheir daughter Ellen Rachel, on April Ist, 2003, a welcome sister for Matthew, Hannah and Daniel. 8 Mrs Maureen Holand of Sunnybank wishes to announce the Ss Getting to the Top otiaing marge of her youngest avai CATHERINE LOUISE 'DBENNY URDAL HANSEN on 24th Aplin Abu Dhabi UAE. Love 3 Complete each sentence, using one of the three and congratulations rom Mum, Michael, ule and De A 2am rea aly words provided. 1+ Although | always make a New Year's él Seldom manage to stick to it for more than a month. © Theboar's toll company shares to the public met with strong resistance As vice-president, my main is to increase Productivity wile improving working conditions A cbjective —B resolution decision 2 ‘In celebration of their the entire team stood in the centre ofthe field and sang thir national anthem, After a decade of dedicated research, the scientist finally made the he had been striving fr. To Salute her ife-ong in the entertainment field, a huge reception was held in her honour ‘A victory B achievement breakthrough , Hie aces shoud be a reauied couse fr Happy otnuiriseeeedthinstrartone Golden Its imperative for chleren to acquire strong moral shang ee d . * A good manager can make a busines proftable wie WAU i Cw) stirespecing the ofthe wert ; A values B ethics C rights 4» Theyoung poet said that he got his from F STEINBACH, EMILY You're @ Winners the beauty of nature Congratustons on your BSc. Lots of ove from Mum and Dad he rit RAs and alte fly se His with money and power might i ‘made him a milionate, but he's not a happy man, é 5 . * In order to get ahead in the advertsing industry, one must havea song to succeed A ambtion 8B inspiration C obsession H PEACOCK - HOOD Itis with much happiness the 5.» King Aerts egn was one of peace and engagement is announced between Mr Brian + They say that he made his through good Peacock and Miss Barbara Hood. luck ane the help of influential acquaintances * In these days oF economic decine, ovining more than ‘one vehicle is considered A luxury B prosperity fortune b. Which of the above celebrations have you attended? Were you the person celebrating or 10 Were you invited as a guest to the occasion?D career success inst Look at the following factors which may be important for career success. Tick (/) a ‘maximum of threein each group which you consider absolutely necessary. ‘socal background financial backing influential acquaintances ‘well-rounded education relevant experience qualifications supportive family experience of other cultures * positive image popularity among colleagues sensitivity to others’ feelings team spirit competitive sprit ability to delegate © willingness to compromise having contact with superiors ambition determination resilience powers af intuition persistence enjoy challenges attractive appearance charisma. selFmotivation natural talent ruthlessness abilty to seize opportunities foresight b. Compare your choices with a partner, saying in what situations you feel that the factors you ticked can play a vital part. ‘A: tfyYoware ina profession that involves dealing with people, a postive image can make them lite you and trust you 8: know what youmean. "ve ako ticked popularity ‘because if you are popular in the workplace, «colleagues are glad to help you or work with you. Read the short biography of Steve Jobs below. Which of the qualities in Ex. da did he have? Which didn’t he have? Steven Paul Jobs was born in California, USA, on February 24, 1955. In 1974 he dropped out of college to work as avideo game designer. His aim was to save enough money to go to India and ‘experience Buddhism, Back in the US in the autumn of 1974, Jobs went into business with his highschool friend Stephen Wozniak. Jobs understood that computers would appeal to a broad audience. Although he had long, unkempt hair and dressed casually he managed to obtain finance for his first marketable computer, the Apple Il, in 1977. Apple Ine. was formed and met with immediate success. Seven years later, Jobs introduced the Macintosh computer ina briliantly choreographed demonstration that he gave himself. However, the sales of the first Maes were disappointing, This led to tensions in the company, and in 1985 he resigned. In 1986, Jobs bought Pixar Animation Studios. Over the following decade he built Pixar into a large corporation that, among other achievements, produced the frst full-length film to be completely computer-animated, Toy Stor, in 1995, In late 1996, Apple, saddled by huge financial losses and con the verge of collapse, asked Jobs to come back. He accepted, and quickly engineered an award-winning advertising campaign that urged customers to. "think dlferent” and buy Macintoshes. In 1998, he introduced the iMac, an egg-shaped computer that offered high-speed processing at a reasonable price. It was an instant success Steve Jobs hacl saved his company and, in the process, re- «established himsetf as a master high-technology marketer. dd. Which of the qualities from Ex. 4a do you believe you have? Tell your partner. D Words often Confused 5 Underline the correct word. 1. The idea for a computersed house had first been considered as far beyond / before /- behind / back as the late 50s, 2. For the purpose / object / aim / intention of managing your finances, hiring an accountant is money well-spert 3. Situated direct / precise / right / exact beside the lake, the villa has gone on sale for £750,000 4 The in-house requlations happen / occur / apply / agree to all employees, regardless of status 5. Ajob advertisement for a programmer gripped / caught 1 seized / struck his ee, and he decded to apply. 6 For a 10-year-old car, itis in excelent state / form / presentation / condition, 11Language Focus 12 > 6 Collocations a. Tick (V) the boxes in the table to form collocations. Think of at least two more phrases for each verb. ‘the right to davhave sth experience a salary one’s > 7 'b. Now use some of the collocations in their correct form to complete the sentences below. 1. The heavyweight champion ‘ver his opponent in the last round of the match, 2 She went to work in the restaurant to asa chef 3. Although he's incredibly wealthy now, when he fist ‘ame to this country he asa dish washer. 4) He's very well paid for his freelance writing but he also from the bookshop where he works 5. she asa tough businesswoman by sticking to her principles ‘and never backing down from the competition Fixed Phrases (phrases with on) a. Match the fixed phrases with their meanings. on the ofchance working onsecond thoughts [2] justincase on awtim [315) tueto belt Imvatiidee [a=] ‘inpusvey on prince [EIC} after econsderation ‘on one’s own [ET] intentionally on target as plonned on duty ELD onyit on purpose [SE independertiy on condition that with a limited amount cof money b. Now, use fixed phrases to fill in the gaps in the sentences, 1. 'don’t think there is @ vacancy in the company at the moment, but you could ring my boss onthe of chance 2 | think til take Sarah to a fancy restaurant for her birthday. let's have a suprise party at home, 3. Chris owns a line of successful boutiques in the UK and beleve it or not, she manages them completely 4 We're pleased to annaunce that our proposed sales figures for the year are right 5 Fd love to go to the house-warming party with you but !m and really can't afford a gift D Phrasal verbs Appendix 1 Match the verbs with the particles to form phrasal verbs and use them in the correct tense to complete the sentences below. Then explain the poe verbs in your own words 10 Cowa a can wear Her employers persistent enthusiasm for the new scheme her resistance to it. A trainee his superior’s orders quickly and efficiently, The minister with the ceremony despite the noise from the back of the church ‘At a very young age she determined what her career ‘goals were and set out to them Unfortunately, the difficulties he was having at work into his personal ie. After the shock of being made head manager slowly «James went about settling the difficulties between members of his staff. As the day the graduate became more and more excited about the upcoming ceremony. The champion runner liked to joke that he ‘vera hundred pairs of trainers before he won hs title To everyone's disbelief, the Jamaicans the trophy in the men’s bob-sledding event I'm sure you'l get the postion. Now stop pacing or you'll the polish on the floor!’Idioms a. Match items from the two columns to make idioms. in pairs, guess what the idioms might mean. Do you have similar idioms in your language? [2] have the word a seventh heaven [J] bein the Joneses F] be a feather © inone'scap F] have one's 4. atone’ feet | cep on © show =] keep up with tothe bone F] ub sb up the 9 wptothetop [1] steal the fh inthe clouds TJ work one’s fingers i top of tings [} work one'sway ———j wrong way b. Now, rewrite the sentences below using one of the idioms from Ex. 9a 41 Due to the success of her latest CD, the number of ‘cpportunities open tothe young diva ar limitless. ue tothe sucess of her latest CO, the young diva has the world at her feet. 2. My grandfather, who was @ poor farmer, laboured night and day to send his children to univers. 3 Nowadays, people are so busy competing with ‘those around them that they forget to enjoy life 4 His abiity to contol the goings-on in the large company made him a fantastic manager. 5 Over the years, Sue has steadily improved her ‘asian in the lw firm, Giving and Responding to News a. Unjumble the coloured words to complete the cartoon caption below. elapsed to inform you that you t your promotion, but | rerteg to form you that we're bankrupt. b. What other phrases for giving good and bad news can you think of? 11 (@) Listen to four short extracts. Match the extracts '85 you hear them with the situations. ‘A. Promotion Btrect 1 2 8 Marriage exract2 CC Mutiole births eet} D_ Postponing a Date owas (B) Listen again and tick the phrases that you hear. Giving News Responding to Good News + Tmafraid ve got somebad | + You cant be serous! news. + Who'd have ever thought! ‘regret to inform you that. | © |can‘t believe this! © Wow! That's fantastic * You'l never guess Congratulations! + Ihate to tell you this, but. |» You're joking! * You're never going to That’ incredble! belive this, but ‘© That’ very good news You can't imagine what indeed! happened then! ‘© Ihave wonderful news for Reece san Pi © Ohno! + tmpkasesoinfomyou |* Tetstebldowtr ‘that am + ob what pi ‘© There's bit ofa problem. + don't like to be the bearer cof bad news, but © Oh, my. That's ashame ‘Which of the phrases are formal and which are informal? 4d. Look at the phrases from Ex. 11b again. With a partner, act out dialogues similar to the ones you heard in Ex. 11a, giving and responding to news. Base your dialogues on some of the following situations. + passing/failing an examination * losingfwinning a match/competition * adisastrous holiday * meeting an old friend you had lost touch with * reading about someone you know in the newspaper + damaging/losing something getting a job * being promoted/fired + getting into university ‘Imatraid ve got some bad news. (Oh, no. Whats the matter? 1'¥ejust got my chemistry exam results, and fve failed. ‘Oh, whata pty. And you workedso hard forit. etc ae ee 1314 1 Task 2 Listening -Part 4 ‘Multiple Matching Task . With a partner, talk about a special moment in your life when you felt very happy. * How old were you? ‘+ What was the situation? ‘© Who was with you? How did they feel? Now listen to five people talking about special “moments in their lives and do the following two tasks. STRATEGY POINT ‘Take advantage of the time you have to look at the Questions before you have to listen to the recording, This wil help you predict the themes ofthe listening extracts ‘Both tasks 1 and 2 are based on the same extracts. Concentrate on Task 1 in the frst itening and on Task in the second listening ‘There are three items in each task that don't match with any of the extracts Task 1 For questions 1-5, match the extracts as you hear them with the people, listed A-H, A Anuse 1 B Alawyer © A school leaver B D A fitness instructor E Ateacher B FA sibling "i G Apensioner H Anactor E For questions 6-10, match the extracts as you hear them with the topics, listed AH. Cuistening 2 @ You wi hear a radio news report about ‘Google’, a popular internet search engine. Before you listen, look at questions 1 - 9 ani pairs try to predict what kind of information ‘might be needed to complete the gaps. art 1 ((B) Now listen to the report. For questions 1-9, fill ‘the gaps with the missing information. wa STRATEGY POINT * This partis 2 monologue. + Youwill need between 1 and 3 words far each gap. * Your answers must fit grammatically with the rest of the sentence ‘+ ead through the exercise before you listen. The sentence: stems contain information that you will hear in the listening text, but the information is worded ferent, To fill in the gaps comectl, be alert for information Contained inthe stems, but ina pataphrased form. ‘Google's success is such that the brand name has become a fi For its success, Google relied on [2 which isa particulary old fashioned way to market a product. ‘Google is naw the offi search engine for top global ‘The professor mentioned by the reporter used the word ‘googling’ to indicate that, rather then being involved in serious [& he was|ust browsing He was searching the ina relaxed manner looking for tings to interest him Temajaryo[5._] use Goa o search the Net The brand name has become so widely used tat itis sometimes spelt without its [7 ] The ver to google’ terally means searching for whats of se to you through a vst quantty of [B ‘Google’ is a vaiant speling of ‘ogo aterm invented bya ‘matheratician’s [9 J several decades ago, A Getting aod i B Publishing a book © Watching a play iF D Passing an exam E Watching a prie-giving [8 F Having a baby G Fishing university Hi Climbing a mountain fi In pairs, think of other situations where the people in Task 1 could fee! the same way. © Have you ever used Google? What do you think Of it? Tell your partner. d. What other famous and very successful products do you know of? Why do you think they're successful? Discuss in pairs.' Speaking - Part 2: Compare, Contrast & Speculate ) Achievements <> 3 Look at the photographs below. Compare and contrast two or three of them, saying what kind of success is portrayed in each one and who you think might be feeling the happiest. You have about 1 minute to do this. b, Who do you think may have worked the hardest to achieve success? ) Celebrations Cap Now look at the two pictures of birthdays ‘Compare and contrast the pictures, saying what differences there are between the two ‘occasions and what each birthday means to the person celebrating, Useful language: Comparing Both pictures show + Inboth pictures the people are + Both pictures were taken © The main conectionsmilarty between these picuresis that Contrasting # The fist picture shows ohn whereas the second one ture on the lft... ihereas in the other one * The mainimoststiking difference between the two pictures + There ae several dferences between the pictures: fist, Speculating + They couldimightimay be + They seervappear to be * I supposelassumeimagine that + Itcould/nightimay be that | © tcan'tbe surecertan, but perhaps * Although I can't be sure, perhaps <= d. How do you think each celebration might develop? 4, Listen to two candidates doing the speaking ‘tasks above and compare their performance to that of your classmates. ‘Assess your classmates in terms of: * grammar and vocabulary « discourse management * pronunciation * interactive communication Everyday English Responding to news 5 _Inpairs quess and say what the other speaker says. a Typical! d Good for her. b Alright for some. Lucky you © Poor you! ‘Av Imsomy but your computer cant be fixed. 8: Typical 1516 Reading * Get the gist fist by looking at the Remember: * Options which sound a lot like ‘You are going to read an article about happiness. Before you read, in pairs discuss the following, 1 Are the people of your generation generally happier or unhappier than your parents’ generation? 2 Look at the title and introduction to the article. What do you think the writers answer to his ‘question will be? Read quickly through and check title and reading the text quickly Read the questions and question stems (the actual questions, not the four choices) Read the text carefully and Underline the parts which are relevant to the questions. Choose an answer to each question the text (e.g. ones that use words that also appear in the tert) are usually wrong, Some wrong options may be generally true, but they don't answer the question or they are rot true according to the text Some wro nearly com options are very , apart from one ‘word (eg. an adverb lke ‘never’ Now read the passage and answer the questions (1-6). ‘What can be inferred about National Smile Week? A B Re D Its organisers cid not expect it to succeed It seems to have annoyed some. people. it was largely unsuccessful twas not ambitious enough 3 Why do we _ feel bad? We've tried shopping and New Age cures, making money and spending it We're still miserable. What’s missing from our lives? Did you notice an outbreak of joviality and generosity last week? Peopl ‘beaming at you as they let you go ahead in the bus queue, grinning as the shared your morning traffic jam, smirking through the quarterly budge planning meeting? No? The organisers of National Smile Week will be do All their efforts to perk us up for at least seven days have run, it the sand of our collective scepticism. Four out of ten of us think become worse in the past five years. Two million of us are on anti depressants; only a minority of us think ‘people can be trusted most of th time’. Mix in some road/air/office/phone rage, a rise in reported ineivili and a good dose of political apathy and the gloom looks even starker We're a wretched lot. All this when average house prices have just blasted through th £100,000 mark, when life expectancy continues to lengthen, mortality rate Which of the following is implied in the second paragraph? A People are getting stinger. B People ae getting less polte People are arguing more about politics People are working longer hous. What is the writer referring to when he says the palace] can be beamed into our ving rooms’? (I, 29-30) A advertising 8 over-work © poles D- depression ‘An increase in earnings fails to make most people happier because A their expenses ae incredibly high, B_ they realise that's not where happiness les there is always someone who earns more. D_ they don't have financial problems.are dropping and more than a third of young people enjoy what was once the elite privilege of higher education. We are healthy, wealthy and wise, Yet we've never felt so bad. If we seem like a nation of ingrates it may be because all the goodies that are supposed to make us happy don’t do it for us any more — even if we have yet to wake up to the fact. So, your house is worth half a million. Karl Marx, who for all his faults knew a bit about capitalism, captured the keeping-up-with-the-Joneses dynamic of market ‘A house may be large or small; as ibouring houses are likewise small, it satisfies all the social requirements of a residence. But let there arise next to the little house a palace and the little house shrinks to a hut” With mass media, the palace doesn't have to be next door ~ it can be beamed into our living rooms. Money doesn't make most of us happy any more. Poor people, understandably, see their life satisfaction rise with income but for most of the population in a country as, affluent as ours, any jump-start to well-being from a pay rise quickly wears off. ‘I was window-shopping in the South of France recently and 1 saw a diamond-studded ‘woolly hat, and I quite fancied it’ When we get to that stage we should realise that more money isn’t getting us much more in terms of happiness. Harrods is currently carrying a pair of shoes priced at a cool million ~ imagine itsomebody stepped on your foot. But what about health? Surely the virtual elimination of most fatal diseases, rising life expectancy and falling mortality should be cheering us up? Not a bit of it. All that happens is that our expectations rise just as or even 5 According to the writer, improvements in health care ‘A. made no difference to the public's mood, ‘every count, but this doesn't translate into our fecling any healthier. We are more aware of our health, so we more anxious about it. Medicine has become a victim death in childbirth, for example, people are now shoc! if a life is lost - and reach for a lawyer. Death wa ‘unavoidable - now itis unacceptable Like the answer to many great problems, however, ‘answer to the question of happiness may be quite ‘once countries and households are free of material ne the biggest contributor to life satisfaction seems to be & healthy set of personal relationships. The relative happiness of late teenagers and those passing middle age ‘may relate to their spending more time on friendships. 60) ‘The thirtysomethings, fighting on the two fronts of work ‘and children, are the most dejected, Those between full- time education and retirement may be spending more ‘time on the activities they think will make them happy ‘earning and spending - than on those that actually spending time with friends and family. ‘This friend-shaped gap explains the American parada why the residents of the richest nation in the world are so glum - according to Professor Robert E. Lane at Ys University. “There is a kind of famine of warm interpersonal relations, of easy-to-reach neighbours, encircling, inclusive memberships, and of solid family life,” he says. ‘The secret of happiness? Not money. So leave the lawn, forget your investments and call in sick tomorrow. 75 Do yourself a favour. Phone a friend. a D Text analysis B_alliated some health worres 4, What does the writer mean by the underlined phrases in © cirectly led to increased anxiety, only caused complex legal isues 6 On average, people in their early thirties ‘A have more friends B have happier mariages. Care better-educated D. face more problems. © Vocabulary Practice 3 a. Find at least three words or phrases which are synonyms for the word ‘miserable’ b. Explain the highlighted words. the text? Discuss in pairs. © Discussion 55 a. The author believes that friends make you happy. How far do you agree with this? Discuss in pairs aiving reasons, Read lines 7 to 9. (Fourout...ime). These statements are based on the results of a survey conducted to see how happy people in Britain are. What do you think the findings of a similar survey would be in your country? Discuss in groups. Make a list of the five most important things which make you feel happy. Compare your list to your partner's. Which three are the most popular among the class? 1718 1 2 Gerund/Infinitive Se Grammar Reference a, Rewrite the following sentences using a gerund, as in the example, 1. Ittakes her ages to put on her make-up, Putting on her make-up takes her ages. 2 Its nearly impossible for me to-do two things at the same time. 3. Itiswery frustrating for her to have to deal with such a problem on a Friday afternoon, 4 it makes me feel really happy to see old people holding hands. b. Now, answer these questions in the two ways shown above. 1. What takes you a long time? 2 What is nearly impossible for you? 3. What makes you feel realy happy? a. Fill in the prepositions which usually follow these phrases, Use a dictionary if you wish. en 8 tocompensate tseampinentsh 9 tobe uly be aed 10 tobecbsexed (ews 11 toconit tobe ineked 12 toobet ay 13 topes ieieied 14 tobe b. Now write a sentence for each phrase, using a gerund after the preposition. | strongly disapprove of teenagers returning home after 12. @. Match these phrasal verbs with their meanings, —_y— a A. @ 1 trot any vga 6 start eat 3 Bodkout © sop tying rei 4 ion s cntoun Gt pens |e nese tome | 'b, Rewrite the following sentences using the phrasal verbs in Ex. 3a, Use gerunds where possible. 1. He's been a stamp collector since he was five. Hetookup stamp collecting wien he was five. lighored the street noise and continued studying, Lets think ofall the places where you might have leftit She couldn't 99 on holiday with her parents so they bought her a car instead. really need you to support me at the meeting | stopped trying to get my husband to do housework years ago. Fill the gaps in the following sentences using the gerund or the infinitive of the verbs in the Parentheses, 1 enjoy (live) in Spain, but | do miss (go) out with my friends. 2 We agreed (meet) by the river at o'clock, but they never showed up. 3 Frank failed (complete) the course ‘and so he wil have to retake it. 4 | suggested but Helen said she didn't fancy (wait) n a queve. 5 lean’t really afford year 6 Martha practised daily, but she seemed progress. 7 Much as 1 dread dentist, | don't think | can avoid (sit) him this time. 8 She certainly mentioned (see) Mark, but | don't remember her (talk) about Vicky, (G0) to the cinema, (buy) a car this (play) the piano (make) litle (go) to the Use the verbs below in their infinitive or -ing form to complete the six rules for achieving success. ‘respect * focus * gain * improve imagine + concentrate Try veo What OUT life willbe ike once you have accomplished your aim. Build up your motivation evs by nn» YOU diet. You should always don't get cstracted, You need to evens in your if wove OM the job at hand, + Control over the everydayEnglish in Use - Part 1 6 Youwill read a text on unusual ways to celebrate birthdays. 7 STRATEGY POINT SPT cahase tha ates he + fod the wl tert fit to gt eso is thee) and aueston eae + Contes mean, arressand fm 1 Waar ofacivtessremertondinte are? — | + Style is important; a very formal word is unlikely to ft in an informal passage and vice versa 2 Doyou think the writer i an adventurous person? 3 How would you describe the tone ofthis article? why? b. Now read the article again and decide which Word is best for each space Looking for an unforgettable way to celebrate that special ogcasion? Well, the 1)... of options open to Todi youngster ~or even oldster for that mater, isa far ery from the traditional party or restaurant visit. No longer iit 2) Sufficient to invite your frends round, buy some food and 3)... baker to produce a cake, No today’ istay boy org is looking for something out of the ordinary, ranging from the 4) nu expensive tothe downright dangerous. Anything 5) oe 8 ong asi is unusual and impressive. Top ofthis year’s popular 6) sn. are as follows: taking some friend rally driving, helicopter lessons, plane trip and Parachuting and hot air ballooning. Then, there is 7) ....... group bungee jumping or taking your buddies on a stomach- churning, white water rafting 8)... down rapids. The desire for adventurous celebration is not restricted to the 9) 10)... the milestone of eighty by having a flying lesson, Of course, if you have the money the world is your oyster. A well-heeled relation of mine flew fifty of his friends to a Caribbean island to mark the passing of his half century. Unfortunately I was only @ 11) ‘Undoubtedly, the more traditional forms of celebration do continue to 12) .. among us. However, with my own half century 13)... atthe Eiffel Tower. Ican 14) - Trrecently met an octogenarian who celebrated relation, the less extravagant or less adventurous (on the horizon I would not say no to a weekend in Paris and a meal .~- dream. Perhaps by the time I’m eighty Ill be able to afford it. re] | 1 A scale B degree € range D variance 2 A hoped B decided © marked D considered 3A make B get C let © want | 4 A perfectly B dearly € outrageously D explicitly | 5 A goes B comes C wins D takes 6 A experiments B extravagances exposures D expenses 7 Aever B ahvays © more D instead 8 A travel B voyage € ride D crossing 9A adolescents B teenagers € youth D young 10 A attaining B arriving € getting D reaching 11 A distant B remote € faraway D slight 12 A pacify B distract € absorb D satisfy 13. A appearing B looming darkening D showing 14 A however B but c D nevertheless anyway 7 Find words or phrases in the text above which are similar in meaning to the following. 1. very different from 4 an important event 7) approaching 2. unusual 5 there sno limit 8 | would ike 3 fhightening 6 wealthy 9 itsimpossible for me 1920 8 Put wellin front of the verbs in the list, then use them to complete the sentences. Which of the ‘brought up * documented.» spoken * thought of © known travelled © mannered 1” She knows a great deal about diferent cultures. She's extremely 2 You must have read his books. He's a very author 3 He was a quiet, pleasant, young, 4 Her parents had done a marvellous job with her. She was vey 5 You can introduce him to anyone and he won't let you down, He's externely 6 Everybody respects him in the community. He's very 7 You can find out everthing about the development of the internet. t's very Why didn’t you stop when I waved at you, Miss? that way. an ve) Error Correction D Word Formation verbs listed best completes the caption? Q a. Complete the following sentences with words formed from the noun alarm We had to call the doctor. Her temperature was high He's always spreading rumours that we're going bankrupt. He's areal Her exam resuits are quite had any problems at home? | was rather 50 came straight over. Has she by the message you left Complete the following sentences with words formed from the verb. impress. 1 tt was an Performance by Henman, ‘Who now looks set to win the tournament. 2 He found the art exhibition rather , saying that he had expected to see more artists from abroad, 3 Jeremy was by Shona's display Of anger; afterall, he was used to her losing her temper 4 He was anxious to make a good ‘his fiance's parents, so he wore a white shirt and ati 5 Tony is only 16 and he is easily influenced by those around bim; he's a rather young man 10 178 of the 10 sentences that follow there isan unnecessary word. Find the unnecessary words and write them in the spaces provided. The unnecessary words in these sentences could be: * prepositions © quantifies » auxiliary verbs ® adverbs Not much of planning has been done yet for my graduation party The teacher was being determined ni {really tked the things she had had to say about my recent painting, My grandfather just died in World War i Her ability to write was sharpened much after she took a writing course Often, the consultant will be able to advise you on issues which are not work-related, ‘When we got home, we were shocked to find that the puppies had disappeared £0 mistake her new students for her old ones from lat yea, {Fad talked wth my fat mate an she sai she had no problem if you wanted to stay for coupe of cays, He has come to the conclusion ofthat he must go back to university and finish his degre if he wants to get a better job "plan on doing many things with all my life before | settle down and have children(English in Use - Part 5 11 In this section of the English in Use paper you have to fillin a gapped text by transferring information from another text of a different style. a. Look at the two letters below. How are they ‘connected? Which one is formal? b. Making sure that the style is appropriate, Underline the correct phrases in letter B. A Dear Jen, Just a few ines to eay Ive heard trom Maynard's School and they've chosen me for a second interview! Ive got. to get there for 10 on Tuesday and I'm having the Interview in the Head's office. The Head of Department is going to be there too. After this Til be getting a look round the school. Sounds great! They'll let. me know if Ive got the Job 2s 900n a9 they can > probably next week. Fingers crossed See you at the weekend, Mandy B Dear Miss Trueman, ‘You have 1) been selected / been picked out for a second interview which will 2) be held / come about in the Head Teacher's office at 10.00 am on Tuesday, 9th March. In addition to the Head Teacher, the Head of Department will also 3) come along / be present. Following the interview we invite you to 4) look ‘around | tour the school premises to see the children in their working environment. You will be informed of the outcome in §) due ‘course /a week or so. Ifyou are successful you would be expected to take up the position at the beginning of | May, following a two-day induction session We look forward to seeing you again on 9th March. ‘Yours sincerely, — 12 . What differences do you notice between the ‘wo letters in the following areas? * lexis (e.g. choose vs. select) © grammar (e.9. you have been selected vs. they've chosen me) Now read the following letter and use the information in this text to complete the gaps in the formal letter. Use no more than two words for each ‘gap. The words you need do not occur in the informal letter. Dear Jen, You wor't believe thial Ive just heard | got the job | applied for at Maynard's school. ls that fantastic! Theyre going to fill me in on everything on Monday 6th my ard Ill meet: the otatf at break. They really liked application ard | dd well In the interviews. They shirk Im going to really help the school Ag well a5 my timetabled teaching, Im going to be working with the Head of Department. on the admin comected with the altferert courses. This should take up about a third of my time. They eay lovely things about mel Il be joining a group of teachers whove been together for years 60 ( defrively be the new girl on the block! , im 90 excited My feet haven't touched the ground since | got the letter. Wish me luck le ove, Mandy Dear Miss Trueman, We have great pleasure in 1). vn that you join have 2) ne in your application to the teaching staff at Maynard's School. Your 3) session js to be held at 9.15 on the ‘morning of 6th May and you wll 4) to the staff at breaktime that day Let me say how 5) we were with your application and interview; we feel that you will be a very SONG 6) tothe school. ‘We should like your work to inelude 7) the Head of Department in his organisation, planning and running of the various courses we offer. This would be % .. commitment and Once aga look 10). to your own teaching should 9) of your time, , please accept our congratulations and we forward to your strengthening an already team of teachers, approximately 30% Yours sincerely, 2122 \A Formal letters are writen for a variety of reasons - e.g a to present information, to make an application, to recommend ‘someone or something, to complain, to apologise, ete. Informal letters are written for similar reasons but are usually writen to people you know, The main difference between formal and informal letters is the language that you use In all cases, itis essential that the style of the leter is appropriate forthe target reader. Aletter should contain: ‘*Anintroduction in which the reason for writing is clearly stated. In formal letters, itis often necessary to state who you are. ‘© A main body in which the task is covered according to the instructions given. Each different issue should be Giscussed in a separate paragraph. You usualy begin each main body paragraph with a topic sentence Examples and/or explanations are then added in supporting sentences * A conclusion in which you restate the main points of the letter and/or state an opinion, For formal letter, any ‘action you want taken should be clearly stated at the end of the letter. n informal eters, you usually end by sending your wishes and perhaps asking the other Person to write back D vocabulary a Use the phrases given to fillin the gaps in the sentences below, as in the example. ‘take issue with * in addition to this ‘tis concemed * voice my concern about ‘ expressed the opinion that * with regard to * views contained. which appeared in 1 I would also like to tae ssuewith the statement made by your journalist that the students of the college are to blame for this situation 2 Lamwting to complain about the article yesterday's issue of your newspaper 3. Lamuiting to the proposed changes to the education system in the district. 4 The in your report were extreme and unfounded, 5. The writer the project was a failure, 6 you should Consider the enormous progress that has been made 7 the effect 1 the public | feel that this will be considerable 8 As aras the committee they have done everything in their power to see that this unfortunate event is not repeated b. Look at the situations below and, for each one, imagine that you have to write a letter showing your objection. Use the phrases above to suggest sentences that would be suitable. ‘A You have just seen a TV documentary which was very ctitical of your home town, B_ You have recently heard that the college where you study English is planning to increase its fees ©The government has announced plans to close down the only remaining hospital in your town, D_ The local authorties have recently released plans to build a new office complex on fields near your home E You recently read an artide accusing people in your country of not caring about the environment, D Understanding the Rubric Part One of the CAE writing paper is a compulsory veriting task which is based on reading input. It is important that you follow the instructions carefully and use the information you are given. Read the rubric and reading input below, paying careful attention to the underlined words and phrases. The English cass that you belong to recently studied the ance below, which was taken from an international students’ magazine. After a discussion, ‘many members of your lass disagreed with the points ‘that have been made. You felt that the comments in theatce did nat apoy to your county Your teacher has asked you, as class representative, to ‘wits tothe editor of the magazine, explaining why vou fel the aril is inaccurate ‘Write your letter (approximately 250 words). Everything's just perfect, thanks! Ie seems that there are alot more contented people nowadays. According 0 the results of our recent survey, people the world over are happy with their lives. Look at what else we discovered: © 9 out of 10 people said they were happy withthe level of education available to them. © Over three quarters of those who responded are happy With thei jobs. ‘The majority of people are happy with city life Although they would not say no to more money, most people claim that they have enough to lve comforabhy ‘© Public transport is, people say, excellent.Now tick (7) the appropriate boxes in the statements below. a You should write: a formal etter []_an informal ietter [7] b_ tis going to be read by. someone you know [_] someone you don’t know [—} € Your reason for wtng sto: present information [_] make an application (] recommend someone or something [_] complain (—] apologise L) d__In order to follow the instructions you should write & letter agreeing [] disagreeing [] with the artice in the reading input € Tick the boxes below to show which of the points are suitable for inclusion in ths eter. Give reasons. * We do not feel that most people are happy with their fives * |, for one, am very unhappy with my ife © think your survey is abi lie. * Many people in my country have complaints about the education system. © Most of us are happy with our jobs. * Assignificant percentage of us would move if we could * Lack of money is among the most commonly reported complaints. * Our public transport system is seriously under-funded and our roads are heavily congested O00 00 o00o0 o D Analysing the Model 3 Read the model on the right and use the words/ phrases to fill in the gaps. Suggest alternatives which could be used in their place. Then answer the questions that follow. ‘furthermore secondly « finally * to conclude «in fact » frst of all with reference to 1. Does the introduction clearly state the reason for verting? What other information i included in the first paragraph? 2 ~ Does the fist sentence of each main body paragraph leary state the topic ofthat paragraph? = How does the writer support each of these sentences? ~ Which point(s) from the reading input does the writer «address in each paragraph? 3 How does the writer conclude the letter? Dear Sir/Madam, 1am writing 1) the article entitled ‘everything's just perfect, thanks!” which appeared in the june issue of your magazine. Following a discussion of the article in our English class, 1 have been chosen to express our disagreement with some of the views contained in the article 2) é , we find it difficult to believe that such a large number of people are satisfied with the education system and with their working conditions. This is certainly not the case here, where mary people have complaints about the poor standards of education. 3).. lack of job satisfaction is known to be among the Greatest couses of stress in this country. ees , it certainly is not true that ‘most people are happy with public transport, either in our cities or in the country. 5) ‘ one of the most commonly heard complaints is that there are insufficient buses and trains to serve an ever-increasing population. It is a wellknown fact that our public transport system is seriously under- funded and our roads are heavily congested. And, as far as city life is concerned, a_ significant percentage would move if they had the opportunity, 6) nnesnennnennaninn WE feel it is unrealistic: of you to claim that most people have enough money to live on, Were this so, we would have none of the financial problems faced by most people and widespread poverty would not be an issue. lee , we found your article to be extremely inaccurate’ in its. assessment of living conditions. since your magazine claims to represent students from all over the world, we look forward to reading more objective reporting in future issues. Yours faithfully, ‘Mark Wiseman p 4. How strongly does the writer feel about the paints he ‘makes? Find examples of words or phrases which helped you to decide. Then suggest how the leter could have been written more or less forcefully 5 Complete te following sentences using ideas of your own, + find it difficult to belive that + It cenainy is not true that + itis a wellknown fact that + fee! itis unrealistic 23= Formal and Informal Style How formal your letter needs to be depends on the target reader and the eason or unig, t's very important to maintain the same level of formaity throughout your letter (in other words, you should not mix very formal expressions with very informal nes) Stdy the guides. Formal syle incudes + sophisticated vocabulary «impersonal tone «mere Fequent se of the passive voice. # complex grammatical constructions * formal inking devices » advanced vocabulary Informal style includes * colloquial (spoken) and idiomatic English * personal tone/ direct address « less frequent use of the passive voice « less ‘complex grammatical constructions + simple linking devices ‘less advanced vocabulary # contractions 4. Look at the formal expressions on the left, which have all been taken from the model. Match them with their less formal equivalents, I 1 Lam wating @ sayhow much {disagree l Sea tg ise on ened 3) Wwe find it difficult to ¢ I thought I'd drop you a bere tht ie 4. express my disagreement 5 seriously under-funded everyone knows which was called a e 6 inaccurate f somany 7. asignifcant percentage g_ it can’t be right that 8 itis awel-known fact h wrong 9. opportunity {doesn’t have enough 10 entitled money ' Mee | 24 Read the sentences below and say whether they are formal or informal. Then suggest who the target reader might be. 1 Itis a well-known fact that the schools seriously under- funded, 2 In the article which was called ‘A National Disgrace’, the information was wrong. 3 Alot of people would do this if they had the chance. 4 tcan'tbe right that so many people believe this 5 | am writing to express my disagreement with the opinions in last night's Agenda’ on BBC2. , Now, using phrases from Ex. 4, and making other necessary changes, re-write the sentences ina different style. Discuss the effects that the different styles would have on the readers. D ‘onic and Supporting sentences 6 . Read the following paragraphs and say whether ‘each one contains an explanation, an example, of both. Then think of an appropriate topic sentence for each one. The first one has been done for you. To begin with, there i pressing ned for renovation work tobe | Beginnings and Endings Cr FORMAL LETTERS Remember that formal letters begin and end with either: Dear Si/Madam, > Yours faithfully, or Dear Mifhirs/Ms Smith, -» Yours sincerely, Al formal eters begin with the eason for wing - 9. fam wring request. /infryou../ complain about /apdogiso pp fr etc Inadtion, you can indude one or more ofthe following * wh you are—e 9. 1am iting onbealofmy Engl. * a eference to someting you have Seen or read ~ 6.9. lam nagin ‘eponsetoyouraic nat Tuesdoy isu of duction News. * details of place, time, people spoken to, etc, €9. ile | was attending the seminarsforstudentson th ay Depending onthe reason for writing, letters can end with one or mor ofthe folowing + A summary ofthe main body * reiteration ofthe reason for writing A reassurance + Areference to future action + An expression of gratitude Match the beginnings and the en below and identify the techniques which have been included. Then say which etter: * is informal * isto newspaper + is applying fora job A Deat Mr Wooster, 1am writing in my capacity as secretary of the college social club to say how concerned ‘we were to read about the decisions taken at the committee meeting held on the fourth of last month, B Dear Mark, | am writing to let you know about a marvellous ‘opportunity that | have heard about and that | think is exactly what you're looking for aaeenianiaaaitaniiscicilaasib tae © Dear SirMadam, | am vititing to ex Press my interest in the Position of part-time library assistant that | saw advertised in your newsletter dated 13th June INFORMAL LETTERS Informal letters usually begin and end with fist names in the following way: Dear John, -* Lots of love, Susan Dear Margaret -> Take care and write soon, Bil Informal letters can begin withthe reason for writing, eg. | thought I would write to let you know about this fantastic new course that’ being offered. Alternatively, they can begin with an informal greeting, eg. How areyou doing? The closing comment depends on the content of the letter -€.9, Write soon and et me know what you think / Why don't you giveitaty?/ etc 1 ‘As I've said, this really is too good a chance to let slip by. I honestly don’t think it will be very difficult for you ofall people to qualify. So why not give ita go? Wirite and let me know how you get on. Say hello to everyone for me, Lots of love, sil 2 hope that you will consider me for the post. | enclose a copy of my CV, together with two letters ‘of reference. | look forward to hearing from you and having the opportunity to discuss this matter further Yours faithfully, hole doue Kate Lowe | trust you will give this is, ue your urgent Consideration and will take the opinions of the students into account. Thanking you in anticipation for your cooperation on this matter. Memon Yours sincerely, Graham Wiseman 25