STOARGE TANK

API STANDARD 650

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STANDARD

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Tanks Standards

API 650
Welded Tanks for Oil Storage

This standard establishes minimum requirements for material, design, fabrication, erection,
and inspection for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground, closed- and open-top, welded storage
tanks in various sizes and capacities for internal pressures approximating atmospheric
pressure (internal pressures not exceeding the weight of the roof plates), but a higher
internal pressure is permitted when additional requirements are met (see 1.1.13). This
standard applies only to tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported and to tanks in
non-refrigerated service that have a maximum design temperature of 93 °C (200 °F) or
less (see 1.1.20).

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Tanks Standards

API Standard 653

Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction

This standard covers carbon and low alloy steel tanks built to API Standard 650. This
standard provides minimum requirements for maintaining the integrity of welded or riveted,
non-refrigerated, atmospheric pressure, aboveground storage tanks after they have been
placed in service. It covers the maintenance inspection, repair, alteration, relocation, and
reconstruction of such tanks.

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TANKS TYPE

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 TANK

HORIZONTAL VERTICAL SPHERICAL

FIXED ROOF FLOATING ROOF

CONE DOME EXTERNAL INTERNAL

SUPPOTED SUPPOTED SINGLE-DECK SINGLE-DECK

SELF-SUPPORT SELF-SUPPORT DOUBLE-DECK DOUBLE-DECK

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Spherical Tanks

can store many products such as

anhydrous ammonia, LPG, NGL,
gasoline, naphtha, butadiene, ethylene,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, argon,
LNG, biogas, sewage gas and waste
water. A spherical shape offers uniform
stress distribution under internal loading
resulting in highly efficient pressurized
storage

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Horizontal Tanks

Horizontal storage tanks can be

installed underground or above
ground and are used in a variety of
industries for the storage of light and
heavy petroleum products, chemical
solutions, water, food products, and
other liquid products.

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TRUNK-LINE product:

• Crude oil from well

To degassing station

TRUNK-LINE corrosion:

• Location : external
• Length : 37 cm
• Width : 6 cm
• Depth : 6 cm

Note: Its concentrated in one side of

weld joint more than other side, and
its have leakage in HAZ.

Note: trunk-line implemented in 2016

by SERT company and its in service
in 2017
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Fixed Roof Tanks

Fixed roof tanks are cylindrical

steel-welded tanks that have a
cone or dome-shaped roof
permanently attached to the tank’s
shell.

Two kinds of fixed roof tanks:

• Dome roof tank

• Cone roof tank

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Cone roof tank Dome roof tank

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Floating Roof Tanks

In contrast to fixed roof tanks, floating

roof tanks have no affixed roof.
Instead, as the name implies, this kind
of storage tank is equipped with a
platform (roof) that floats directly on
top of the tank’s product.

Two kinds of floating roof tanks:

• Single -Deck
• Double - Deck

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MUNTADHER A. HASAN
TANKS PARTS

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Tank parts

Main parts:
• Annular
• Bottom
• Shell
• Top angle, rafter, crown and column
• Roof

Secondary parts:
• Stair and ladder
• Shell Openings, Manhole, clean door
and nozzle
• Piping connect
• Level gage
• Tank Anchor bolts

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Annular & Bottom plate

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Shell

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Rafter

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Crown plate

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Roof plate

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Shell Manhole

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Roof Manhole

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Clean out

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Shell opening

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Nozzle

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Anchor Bolts

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TANKS EXAMINATION

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Radiographic Examination

Notes:
1. Vertical spot radiograph in accordance with 8.1.2.2, Item a: one in the first 3 m (10 ft) and one in each 30 m (100 ft) thereafter,
25 % of which shall be at intersections.
2. Horizontal spot radiograph in accordance with 8.1.2.3: one in the first 3 m (10 ft) and one in each 60 m (200 ft) .
3. Vertical spot radiograph in each vertical seam in the lowest course .
4. Spot radiographs of all intersections over 10 mm (3/8 in.) .
5. Spot radiograph of bottom of each vertical seam in lowest shell course over 10 mm (3/8 in.)
6. Complete radiograph of each vertical seam over 25 mm (1 in.).

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Ultrasonic Examination
Ultrasonic Examination in Lieu of Radiography
When ultrasonic examination is applied in order to fulfill the requirement of 7.3.2.1, the provisions of Annex U shall
apply. The method of examination shall be in accordance with Section V, Article 4, of the ASME Code.

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Visual Examination

There are no crater cracks, other surface cracks or arc strikes in or adjacent to the welded joints.

Maximum permissible undercut is 0.4 mm (1/64 in.) in depth for vertical butt joints, vertically oriented permanent
attachments, attachment welds for nozzles, manholes, flush-type openings, and the inside shell-to-bottom
welds. For horizontal butt joints, horizontally oriented permanent attachments, and annular-ring butt joints, the
maximum permissible undercut is 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) in depth.

The frequency of surface porosity in the weld does not exceed one cluster (one or more pores) in any 100 mm
(4 in.) of length, and the diameter of each cluster does not exceed 2.5 mm (3/32 in.).

The reinforcement of the welds on all butt joints on each side of the plate shall not exceed the following
thicknesses:

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Vacuum Testing

Vacuum testing is performed using a testing box approximately 150 mm (6 in.) wide by 750 mm (30 in.)
long with a clear window in the top, which provides proper visibility to view the area under examination.
During testing, illumination shall be adequate for proper evaluation and interpretation of the test. The open
bottom shall be sealed against the tank surface by a suitable gasket. Connections, valves, lighting and
gauges, as required, shall be provided. A soap film solution or commercial leak detection solution,
applicable to the conditions, shall be used.

A partial vacuum of 21 kPa (3 lbf/in.2, 6 in. Hg) to 35 kPa (5 lbf/in.2, 10 in Hg) gauge shall be used for the
test. If specified by the Purchaser, a second partial vacuum test of 56 kPa (8 lbf/in.2, 16 in. Hg) to 70 kPa
(10 lbf/in.2, 20 in. Hg) shall be performed for the detection of very small leaks.

The vacuum-box test shall have at least 50 mm (2 in.) overlap of previously viewed surface on each
application.

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