Understanding

the Integers
Modules:
▪ Module 4 – Integers
▪ Module 5 – Addition and Subtraction
of Integers
▪ Module 6 – Multiplication and
Division of Integers

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1.
Integers
 Integers
are sets of numbers consisting of whole
numbers and their opposites.

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✘ Positive integers can be
identified through the
words “increasing”, “more
than”, “credit (bank’s
point of view)”, “rise”, and
the like.
Examples: 4, 26, 79, 85
✘ Negative integers can be
identified through the key
words “decreasing”’ “less
than”, “debit (bank’s point
of view)”, “fail”, and the
like.
Examples: -6, -21, -128
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✘ A number line is drawn by
choosing a starting position,
usually 0, and marking off
equal distance from that point.

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✘ The set of numbers used on the number
line is called the set of integers

✘ This set can be written

{…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}

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Set of Integers
Positive Negative Zero
It is written It is written It is neither a
with or without with a “-” sign positive (+) nor
a “+” sign before the negative (-).
before the number.
number.

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TRY:
Order 4, -5, 5, -6, and 0 from greatest to least.

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Answer:
Greatest to least:
5, 4, 0, -5, -6

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2.
Adding Integers
 Rules:
✘ Rule 1: If the signs (+ or -) are the same,
simply add the numbers and keep that
value.
Example:
-4 + -8 = -12

(because 4 + 8 is 12)

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 Rules:
✘ Rule 2: If the signs are different, simply
subtract the number closest to zero from the
number further away from zero and keep the
sign of the number furthest from zero.
Example:
3 + -7 = -4

(because 7 – 3 is 4)
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 Using tiles:
+ -

✘ −3 + 2 = - - -
=−1
+ +

✘ 8 + (−5) = + + + + + + + +

- - - - -
=3 13
2.
Subtracting Integers
 Rules:
✘ Change the sign of the subtrahend then
proceed the rules of addition. Make sure
you follow the addition rules after that.
Example:
-4 – 6 = -10

means -4 + -6
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 Examples:

✘ −11 − 4 =
−11 + −4 = −𝟏𝟓

✘ 15 − (−2) =
15 + 2 = 𝟏𝟕
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2.
Multiplying and
Dividing Integers
 Rules:
✘ Rule 1: If the signs are the same (either + +
or - -) simply do the operation and the
answer will be positive.
Example:
-25 ÷ -5 = 5

(since it is - ÷ - the answer is +)

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 Rules:
✘ Rule 2: If the signs are different (either + -
or - +) simply do the operation and the
answer will be negative.
Example:
−𝟒 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐

(since it is - × + the answer is -)

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 Examples:

✘ 7 × −4 =
−𝟐𝟖

✘ −8 × −3 =
= 𝟐𝟒
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 Examples:

✘ −36 ÷ 9 =
−𝟒

✘ −84 × −7 =
= 𝟏𝟐
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Do:
INDEPENDENT
ACTIVITIES of
Module 5 and 6

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