FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

NAME CONTRIBUTION
1. John Locke was an English philosopher and physician "Father of
Liberalism" ; to form character (mental, physical, and
moral) ; Education as Training of the mind/Formal
discipline ; Notable ideas - "Tabula rasa"
2. Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist,
orator and author. "Father of scientific method" "Father
of empiricism"
3. Jean Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer and
composer of the 18th century."Hollistic
education"(physical,moral, intellectual)

Notable ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child

centered learning; Famous novel: "Emile" or On
Education; Human Development

4. Edgar Dale was an American educator who developed the "Cone of

Experience"
aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"

5. Erik Erikson was a German-born American developmental psychologist

6. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
7. Friedrich Frobel
8. Johann Herbart
9. Edward Lee Thorndike
and psychoanalyst known for his theory on "psychosocial
development" of human beings.
was a swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who
exemplified Romanticism in his approach. "Social
regeneration of humanity" Notable ideas: "Four-sphere
concept of life" his motto was " Learning by head, hand
and heart"
was a German pedagogue a student of Pestalozzi who laid
the "foundation of modern education" based on the
recognition that children have unique needs and
capabilities. "Father of kindergarten"
was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of
pedagogy as an academic discipline.
was an American psychologist ; " Father of Modern
educational psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ;
"Realize the fullest satisfaction of human wants"

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

IDEALISM Plato (own ideas) nothing exists except in the mind of a
man/ what we want the world to be
REALISM Aristotle; Herbart; Comenius; Pestalozzi;

Montessori; Hobbes; Bacon; Locke

(experience) fully mastery of knowledge

BEHAVIORISM always guided by standards/by procedure; purpose is to

modify the behavior
EXISTENTIALISM Kierkegaard; Sartre; "Man shapes his being as he lives"
Focuses on self/individual

PRAGMATISM/ William James; John Dewey - learn from experiences

EXPERIMENTALISM through interaction to the environment
Emphasizes the needs and interests of the children
PERENNIALISM Robert Hutchins
- focuses on unchanging/universal truths

ESSENTIALISM William Bagley - teaching the basic/essential knowledge

Focuses on basic skills and knowledge

PROGRESSIVISM Dewey/Pestalozzi (process of development)

focuses on the whole child and the cultivation of
individuality

CONSTRUCTIVISM Jean Piaget

SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM
Focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the
interaction b/w their experiences and their ideas. Nature of
knowledge w/c represents an epistemological stance.
George Counts - recognized that education was the means
of preparing people for creating his new social order
-highlights social reform as the aim of education
ACCULTURATION - learning other culture; the passing of
customs, beliefs and tradition through interaction and
reading.

ENCULTURATION - the passing of group's custom, beliefs and traditions from one generation
to the next generation
Convergent questions - are those that typically have one correct answer.
Divergent questions - also called open-ended questions are used to encourage many answers and
generate greater participation of students. Higher order thinking skills; to think more creatively.
90 days - enrolled bills becomes a law
30 days - "lapse"

PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF LEARNING & MOTIVATION

Sigmund Freud Psychosexual Theory/Psychoanalysis
Erik Erikson's Theory of Personality Psychosocial Theory
Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory of Development Ecological Theory

Lev Semanovich Vygotsky Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory

Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner Cognitive Development
Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths Phenomenology
Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Behaviorism
Frederick Skinner
Lawrence Kohlberg Moral Development

Ivan Pavlov Classical conditioning

Edward Thorndike Connectionism
B.F. Skinner operant conditioning & reinforcement
Albert Bandura "bobo doll" experiment; modelling; self
eficacy
David Ausubel Meaningful Reception Theory
Jerome Bruner Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method
Wolfgang Kohler's Insight Learning Problem
Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's Information Processing Theory
Robert Gagne's Cumulative Learning Theory
Howard Gardner Multiple Intelligence
Kurt Lewin's Field Theory/ his concept of life space

Brofenbrenner's Ecological System Theory

Lev Vygotsky Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal
Development (ZPD) * gap b/w actual and
 potential development
Hilda Taba Grassroots Approach
Max Wertheimer Gestalt Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt "Father of Modern Psychology"
William James wrote the "Principles of psychology"/
consciousness
hypothalamus brain's stress center
Abraham Maslow physiological needs; "Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs" ; safety&security; love &
belongingness; self-esteem; self-actualization
John B. Watson (behaviorist approach) an American
psychologist who established the psychological
school of behaviorism.

REPUBLIC ACTS
RA #7836 Philippine Teacher Professionalization Act of 1994
RA #7722 CHED
RA#7784 Commission on Education
RA #7796 TESDA Act of 1994
RA#7277 Magna Carta for Disabed Person

RA #4670 Magna Carta for Public School Teachers (June 18,1966)

RA #6713 Code of Conduct & Ethical Standards For Public Officials and
Employees
RA #7877 Anti-sexual Harrassment Act of 1995
RA #9155 Decentralization; Legal basis of Shared Governance in Basic Education

RA #7784 Establishment of Center of Excellence

RA #10533 K-12 Curriculum - Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum
RA #90210 "An Act to Integrate Information Teachnology into the Public Elementary
& Secondary Curricula & Appropriating funds
RA #10121 DRMM approval headed by OCO office of Civil defense May 2010
RA# 10173 Data Privacy Act 0f 2012
RA# 10627 Anti-Bullying Act
RA# 10963 TRAIN LAW
Article XIV 1987 (Educ.Sci & Tech,Arts,Culture& Sports) this is the very fundamental
Philippine legal basis of education in thr hilippines.
Constitution
Education Act of an Act providing for the Establishment & Maintenance of an Integrated
1982 (Batas System of Education
Pambansa 232,
Sept 11,1982)

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Figurative Meaning Examples
Language
Metaphor is a comparison made b/w things "Nobody invites Edward to parties
w/c are essentially not alike. because He is a wet blanket"

Simile is like a metaphor and often uses "Jamie runs as fast as the wind"
 the words "like" or "as"
Personification when something that is not human " The leaves danced in the wind on
is given human-like qualities, this the cold October afternoon"
is known as personification.

Hyperbole exaggerating, often in a humorous "My eyes widened at the sight of

way to make a particular point is the mile-high ice cream cones we
known as hyperbole. we're having for dessert"

Onomatopoeia when you name an action by "The bees buzz angrily when their
imitating the sound associated with hive is disturbed"
it.
Idiom an idiom is an expression used by a "I'm just waiting for him to kick the
particular group of people with a bucket."
meaning that is only known
through common use.
Synecdoche a synecdoche is a figure of speech referring to credit cards as "plastic"
using a word/words that are a part is a synecdoche
to represent a whole.
Assonance when you repeat a vowel sound in a "It's true, I do like Sue."
phrase, it is an assonance.

Metonymy - a metonymy is a figure of speech where one thing is replaced w/a word
that is closely associated with it such as using "Washington" to refer to
the United States

LITERATURE
Folklore traditionally derived and orally transmitted literature

Folktales reflect the people's beliefs handed down from generation to

generation by word of mouth
Epilogue conclusion or final part of non-dramatic literary work

Genre distinctive type of literary composition such as epic, tragedy,

comedy & novel
"Quo Vadis" means "where are you going"
hieroglyphics oldest forn of egyptian writing
Allegory narrative whose meaning is beneath the surface
Elegy a meditated poem of grief
Sonnet verse w/14 iambic pentameter lines
Epic long poem w/c depicts the adventure of a great hero who reveals his
country's aspirations; narrates heroic deeds and supernatural
happenings w/local actor in w/c people sing/chant

Soliloquy speech made by a person who reveals his thoughts

Manuel Arcilla "How my brother Leon brought home a wife"
Washington Irving "The Legend of a Sleepy Hollow"
Fall of the house of hypochondriac living in morbid fear
usher
Cyrano de Bergerac poet & soldier noted for his Peculiar nose
"The Illiad of Homer" -great epic poem whose plot centers around the anger & wrath of
Achilles against Agamemnon
"The Bells" "If eyes are made for seeing, then beauty is its own excuse for being"

Cacophony literary term w/c means harsh & discordant sounds introduced for
poetic effect
 George Bernard Shaw know for his excellence of characterization, swiftness of narrative &
clarity of style.
Edgar Allan Poe greatest American writer of horror and detective stories

Rabindranath Tagore best known for his collection of poems called Gitanjali/song
offerings
Robert Frost ranked as one of the best modern American poets.
Geoffrey Chaucer Morning Star of English Literature
Mark Twain "Samuel Clemens"
Harriet Stowe "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
Charles Darwin Origin of species
Lazlo Biro invented the ball point pen
Harry Potter epic kind of story

VOCABULARY

Emulate imitate Vouchsafe grant Abeyance suspended

Denigrate malign Furtive sneaky Remonstrate protest

Corroborate confirm Gullible easily deceived Germane relevant

Plebeian common Vulpine cunning Spendthrift spender

Impolitic unwise Parsimonious stingy Terse concise

Stupefy make numb Pariah outcast Wizened shrivelled Dubious

doubtful Incriminates accuse Frivolous worthless

Susceptible inclined Impertinent irrelevant Ostracized excluded

Conglomeration diffusion Cacophonous loud and unpleasant

Carnal worldly Aplomb composure Candor honesty

Contemptuous scornful Feeble weak Inevitable certain

FILIPINO

● Ang panubong - handog sa dalagang may kaarawan (koronang bulaklak)

● Florante at Laura - (awit) "katiwalian ng mga kastila"
● Jose dela Cruz - tungkod ng tulang tagalog
● Noli Me Tangere - (Rizal) suliraning panlipunan ng bayan
● "Doktrina Kristiyana" - Fr. Domingo de Nieva unang aklat na nalimbag sa
pilipinas
● Severino Reyes - Ama ng dulaang tagalog
● Juan Luna - La Spolarium
● "Alim" - pinakamatandang epiko ng pilipinas
● Jose Palma - naglikha ng "Himno Nacional Filipino"
● Liwayway - nabigyan ng pagpapahalaga ang sariling wika
● Lope K.Santos - "Ama ng balarila ng pilipino"
● Andres Bonifacio - "anak bayan"
● Pupdok/Kinting kulirat - hindi kailanman ginamit ni Marcelo del Pilar
● Teodoro Agoncillo - isang kilalang manunulat ng kasaysayan
● Manuel Quezon - Ama ng Wikang Pambansa
● Constancio de Guzman - lumikha ng awit na "Ang Bayan Ko"
● Pascual Poblete - Ama ng pahayagang tagalog