LESSON 2: DYNAMIC CHART (continued)

COHESIVE DEVICES: Từ nối

I. Cohesive devices connecting two clauses:
Visitors = Travelers = those/people visiting the BM = people paying a visit to the
BM
- Time: Clause 1 before Ving (đồng chủ ngữ)/Clause 2/ Noun phrase
After Clause 1/ Ving (đồng chủ ngữ)/ Noun phrase, Clause 2
Clause 1, and then Clause 2
Ex: The number of travelers coming to the British Museum increased significantly
from 600000 to around 750000 between June and July before a dramatic decrease/plummet
to hit the lowest point at exactly 500000 in August.
- Contrast: While/ Whereas Clause 1, Clause 2
Although/Though Clause 1/ Ving, Clause 2
Despite/ In spite of Noun phrase, Clause
Ex: Although the number of visitors to the Natural History Museum declined significantly
from nearly 550000 to around 380000 in the first month, this figure remained stable at
about 380000 until August.
 II. Cohesive devices connecting two sentences: Sentence 1. Linking words,
sentence 2
- Time: After that/ Following that
Ex: The number of visitors coming to British Museum increased significantly from 650000
to around 750000 between June and July before a dramatic decrease to exactly 500000 in
August. After that, the period between August and September witnessed a significant
increase/ recovery (hồi phục) in this figure to about 650000.
- Contrast: However/ In = By contrast/ Nevertheless/ Following the
reverse pattern
Ex: Although the number of visitors to Natural History Museum declined significantly
from nearly 550000 to around 380000 in the first month, this figure remained stable at
380000 until August. However, the last month saw a slight increase of about 70000 in the
quantity of travelers coming to this museum at the end of the period.
- Similarity: Similarly/ Likewise/Following the same pattern
Ex: Similarly, there was a moderate rise from 300000 to about 450000 in the number of
people paying a visit to Science Museum in the last month.
Body 1: It is clear that there was an overall upward trend (xu hướng tăng) in the
quantities of visitors to the British Museum and Science Museum. Specifically, the number
of visitors coming to British Museum increased significantly from 650000 to around
750000 between June and July before decreasing dramatically to 500,000 in August. After
that, the period between August and September witnessed a moderate increase in this figure
to about 650000. Meanwhile/Whereas, in terms of (về mặt) the Science Museum, the
number of…
Body 2: By contrast, the figure for the Natural History Museum followed the
opposite/reverse trend. To be more specific/ In particular,...
The number of visitors to NHM was expected to be the same as that of SM
Exercise 2:
- The number/ quantity of males/ females taking part in fitness classes/
participating in
engaging in
partaking in
courses/lessons
physical training courses
- The number of male fitness members
- The participation/ engagement/involvement of males in fitness activities increased

- In terms of Males: + 1970-1975: nearly doubled from 2000 to 4000

+ 1975-1995: fluctuated wildly between 2000 and 5000, and
rocketed to reach a peak of 5000 in 1995.
+ 1995-2000: plummeted to half the figure for women in the
same year.
- With regard to/Regarding Females: + 1970-1975: similar to men, doubled to half
the figure for males, at 2000
+ 1975-1995: fluctuated slightly between 1900 and 3000, and reached the
highest point of about 2900 twice in 1985 and 1995.
+ similar to males, decreased, although much less significantly
 - The spending each/per/a month/ on a monthly basis = The amount of money
spent on/ expended on/ invested in/ allocated for/ paid for utility bills
- Monthly = each/a/per month = on a monthly basis (on a daily basis, on a regular
basis)
- On a yearly basis = On an annual basis
Body 1: It is clear that British households spent the most money on rent and groceries
on a monthly basis from 1990 to 2010. Specifically, their spending on rent/ rentals
increased by about 100 pounds every 10 years/ decade, finishing the period at 600 pounds,
which is the highest figure on the chart. Meanwhile, groceries came in/ranked second,
and the spending on it was about two-thirds of the figure for rent every year, almost
remaining unchanged at..
Body 2: Transport, utility bills and entertainment were lower expenses/costs among
British families over the period. To be more specific,….
Exercise 4: immigrants: người nhập cư

Exercise 4:
 - The number of British people/ citizens/ dwellers/ residents/ inhabitants
emigrating/ moving/ relocating/ migrating/re-settling to
- The emigration/ relocation of British citizens
- The number of British emigrants/transplants to the USA
Body 1: It is clear that Australia and Spain were the most common places for British
citizens to relocate to. In terms of Australia,
Body 2: New Zealand, the USA, and France were less attractive to British emigrants.