OO TAle: Caste Em medenn India WS BBIELS Simmtle Sandan 5 Dalit and Adivasi Assertion Dano Hanon ‘wholly novel al-Indi collectives, ev of which im te ‘ame toe described asthe ‘Dal’ andthe Adivas’! Ta the ps the groups that were later sloted itn thee eateries ccupied A eres of postions in hierarchies that were tively loca in form ‘Those who now regard theme be Dalits (or the oppresed’) ‘were member of particle jain, or su cates, who were considered to beat the lowes ends ofthe sacl sale They themseves had hee ‘own nceral hierarchies. Gujarat fo example, « Dhed or Wank tcpatded« Bhangi a of lover sanding and rly polluting The loa! state lumped all of ehose diverse jai ato single mono thiealLIndi category. Groupe hat were son oliebelow a arial thvesald of pollu in cate terme were defined intaly a the ‘epee clase and ms 1909, she Uncouchabes The eos We coltenabiteary adhe magne in Gujarat for example the Vag, ‘who were considered generally to be low and polling caste, were ‘ot classed as Untouchables, while the Dads, Bhangs, Garudias, [Khalps and Sindhvar were Smile boundaries were tabled be ween Adivasie—he wal bald ard mnn-Adi wih ous Tse colonial rl saw the Forging of zeros of “Cony © 2903 Davi ain. Replaced by pion othe sue Hpbi oper ina, Con sie ‘nd Oop Dima Bc, 203), p 123-5 so ops ‘cap ae ats ned te alse aarp ‘clo den. Fo plo dea af wo el he also ht thet fom wh cura le, Tanta Serkan Yelame — 9 permanent blacks Dali and Adina Arion 403 communities being lumped together under dhe catepory of ibe nx manner that was again abirary atthe margins AS a tho, both the depressed clase and ‘ecy ibs were placed in the category of "Hind as opposed to Mastic, Chistian, or Pr. “This implied sha x Dali Adivasi was noe » Mastin, Chitin, te by origin or mare rom 1909 onwards the Bish ested chese varios imagined Gand worl ht ude hisan mi einvnc the Avast wuld boone ‘Jeladaniaed—asbe pet sch dan the Congres natl provides soon nan count Tie enonaged hile work mong he Ada They pode xt elf sere fo Congressmen: An Advi Son fan war abled a couner ose Adivasi Mabbhs te ran ofthis body was AG. Kes wha ad ben Paine Miner Er otay inthe Congres minty of 1937-9- Gand ao ade theo otic of ha mie forthe eonstue programine—it fad previ been absent" ‘om tse Gandhi bog soe he erm A consi cenlynhenellngnbou ths tin oe poplin. He nd a SET SA tea oe Gforcarangen ohio of dasifean —arimie"aborgine se Raetwe have len oan Engh ues" In deference ‘Slower ho ad oie slates so 8 Rana or ‘Gitar bed these ter inthe at 1920 and 1930 vn had in 938 changed the meme of is ornzation tthe Bhunijan So. Manda thane mec people tes, nd be sens oe rere tt the Cao my wich defined Asin tes Ftc pace of sence rater han ate of thei aca fo theca Ein sw thes peoples theo inhabiton ad ‘Shunt camel to hth the Candin ers Thi nt, owerey cach an The cm Ada? way one nha od teeta ye Adv Maha Avril Thala ied oni ‘i haamesmaor advoc of ee, Gand wo then spn “ppl the to he ven level dha haba had coined Fre tcon ws dapued sony by any Unda nana, who tow is recplnce sac sclowdedgement har thee spposed ‘Sig nian ha en dpc fom hi lal by indy inrer hy pcferel otk of dae popes impel inept cles of inc sce’ or baka Hinds who bd ite inetd fly ino the Hind maser Gandhi dey ‘Ged hr argumens for be conned to deploy he em Avast “pul idea He eed, however: tht Avs might allow dhe nimple a and Adios Ascrion 25 of he Nason League ad launch ses of campigs fe parte aa ipl tht this wo happen Hi cst Hinds sa doping the Aa ure The onl 2 roar aw corer, natn wore a slo mann fhe owenaer ed oben an al se ty soa oo ae a be peach sa ani he Cong wore of Mops seen an aren whee Aas population best se ySS Ac ha apr hes (he Ada] from dest of re ea baad ht lcd the “ded ste” under Re ect adnan. 1 asa dane x they had the Gere cecal eh Kor up oe o ae the ator a hem T th ae asf i ir al the ned for ouch wk in 2 way he had neve done te ade pn of chnnaing Congr nd in a dines cy succeded in aoa ay for sch apart sete poplar amangthe Aviso Fade gener Fe ftiinporant prof eno east hand co Aa alas woud he Cong in See tng pa tony ute pratt moves tat ey any Gane went workin os rcs cel Fa ay 1950s in some ce as reaction othe succesful eee a obinton of priulae As commuriti"* or cael wih hel and shook fr Ads chide fae creation of Ada ivena ining ht owed J irowncommanies wan che iba pliy > a pty then ving to challenge che Gandhian sin ho ad merle othe os a re ham aptoch wo las ccded wo foci on the ca ity These ne mk es emp on the ne a cee mh che poly though saa, The we ert uation rough ie sia for fx Ais bt poet more eer cmanetion hes who For nr cerens since nda independence was on ce ct mealesion and explotason. Brith fils Fiance een wee pany nae who exe he Fees nt won They be ad hide om hn06 (Cae in Moder nia Zeer Sed wet hibioeteerted tian afiapaldrieotiories ir aamnrmnnanns fee ge careoge ice thm ileal certian Sfome meen outdo ees Notes i i 1. ang there terme to dena thee groups inthe pat Lam aware : {hippo inscois Home he dey ie ; SFewllag tame char Unihabe, Depend Cay : Sib jn, Seed Coronel dh re | aiken spc ode mae istyoupnda eal co fom ea at ober come Seca ke inc Fr ler jean of ny sages Td elt ny bk Th Gringo ee pp Iowa de ha es ye {Si Da anes of opps ane se Gheaip ewe hwo pep inne eg cha Sic ny sg bl 2, Sond Teulon nd achngraone tis Can Wen d(C ope Po thes Gane inp 10235. nef Reo (cece of Bm ryt put, Get opin Firs, Come Cots Boy, 1908, pp I. ost 5. ip. 290-390 Reece 19 dc dst know how the ay ot i ‘Staten poured by me esd ay you Be Dalit and AdvaiAcerton ar hy La but notary mora pe hese wales ‘seer she he bg a pean cine Lee ata a Sy ON CH, lap ash JUN Yl, rn Mon Cr New ik Reni Pe ap ob sin Taio adi 215. Dion me Gong Breton cn Aen, 5ine96 CMG WL 5, pus Te Va Che i ad 2 Dobe 190, CG, ps “The finds Cate Sen, Show Se, Otter 1916, CME, wot Bh a and Rl Mobo n= Gj Di “The Hind Cate Scns Shar Sel, Oe: 196 WMG, ie Teter te adn Sol Rene 26 Fy 191, CMG, seh tvep a0 “anche Name of Rg, Ngan, 7 Je 1925, CMG, wish a etd Communal Quin ine 1B, CHG, we 58 255 Bron ae enh 52 “Cane Ma Go Maren 1a Nove 1939, CMG we 8 ni, Haig fy hue rn 23 May 98% CAG a ® Dako, sme Cond 8. “Daa Conan ft a, 20 May 91, CHG, 4, mer is. Sh Sai 2 Seni 915, CMG we 15 Beth, Clmidie Td nd frm pp 215-16 Tid per, abi lend al —"Conge ener i, [BSB DA Low oh Cpe ei fie nan Sing 91717 tr nae 7H EB ‘Thetecangeemen Gun an th Bean se oat i fl {nao Zao no Uno cy ove eda ‘ian New Bb Mr 196 Te. arp tn tha.08 ED @. 2 Be es 36 2. ». *o a 6. % & a. 48 4. (Cave in Modern India Ibid, pp, 68-9; Onvede, Dliy and she Democratic Rela ppl. ‘itor om Unenhabe Dal, pp. 163-5. Macy Des Te Die of Maden De rl Yr a 1232 Abed, Neon bing Howse, 1953952 Za, rm Unto Dap. 165 Mahador Dent, Te ie of Maha ev. 20. ‘Gan war hap with he Gre em or Unocal Fhgnye ate leds ede of Nonginn to suse bene Sonn Dea Rjte pied ue tat hegre ak 1 Sunn, Nava Mebts ad dee is Aya dere “Pagjun Candh prempy sg the erm. My Nee, Nani, 2 Aug 1931, CHG, wo 335 66. ‘One Bl die Denne ein pp. 76-8 Zeist Uncbl oD. “The pin is made by DR. Nagy The Reming Fete A Say of tte Ded Mowe I, Bape, South Four Pes, 1393 po ‘a, rm Uochabew Dalicp. 171-2. Foray of Ane arson deo nove tovade Budi se Gaui Vivastan, (Gai he od Cane en andi Piero, Pate Universe Pes 998 pp 211-9. mre Dalia he Domo Rolo pp 28-6 Ibi 267 rl Coal, dion ad frm p24, alin, rom noche Dap 90. elo detec we ony ith Cand asta boeia ih easton ‘onl polens Tile rakeieo scoot xchat Gunes on ha eed ache 14 Neparss The ming ep 2 Iie p34 Tea pp 21 and 2s ‘The fee were public ¢ a major al nda Dale coaence Jn Dope Jar 202). Se . Venkatesan “The Dal Case, ‘Fr v.19, 3,15 ebony 2002, BS Naa Sop“ Borore” Dale Cansasian Mar: NOM The Indien Epes 1 Novernber 200 Dom Moras, ‘Shon off) st Oppesel as Th Hin, Magne Seon 18 Newer 2001 1 See end ono a fad, New ei, Oxford Uoieity Pe 1987 p97 (nth parse id Hardin, ‘Power in she ot “The Dang 189001940" in Dive Atnld aed David Dadian (ch, Subcorn Statin Vill, New Dali, Ose Univesity Pros, so. 3 5 55. 56 3 6 Dalit and Adivasi Aserton a9 1994; an Ajy Sli, “Tiber Conservancy, Descanso and Sree ery Te Dang 19209 Rca Gre, Yn ‘sknnsan atpel Sangen (ol) le end he Ore: The ‘onunmenta Ts of Sued Seis dis New Dei, Ono Uninet Pes 1998 ‘On ers Sr Harkin, Feng te Ba nic eer, Din Hainan Prom Caso Cate: The Pots of Dag, be Colonial South Cj n Rana Gah (0), Salon Sade 1, Sow Deli, Osfrd Unive res, 19. ae ‘Case Main in Gujarat Die’ pp 320-1 Tn Yogev 2, Amedabd, Gua raha aay 1970p. 15-61 Ibid pp. 302-3 Ibi pp. 316-18, 325, 928-30. Wi 3p. Ti pp 58. Is op 75-6. Nos Tm oveme i document in Tri Kasay, Tt Kate Pane Mel jut, Ur Raisin Sain esdony, 1988 fo ind, Plas Chand Ji, ial Agron ‘oemone Coe Say oft Bil Movement of Rajan sips, ‘Minam ubcas 198, uper3 zo Sem Tp roses fn Mewes, Ve and Tat cape 3 “ange of Mas Movement, Vung nd, 2 erry 1922, WMG, ve 22, p 315 ‘Moule to Gandhi 11 Ren 1922, eran 26 eb 192, p. 203, “Mr Tejera and he “Be, Manejo, 26 February 1922, (WAG, vl 28.237 Frat Cononige of Gvecamen fai, 1 March 1922, Nasional [ces of tee (NAD, own sad Polieal Orurment, 28-P (Sere Pe of 1922-3, {a December 19971 erviewed« nuner of old Bil wen sn eeetcorhe village sound seit of te ag, who sere dat Uecree erea hist Reseed nin en, Rr of Be Ce Mion Scie Wes Unie Mion 192, Mace, Diocesan Pres 1923, 0.4 Gootatina ern fm 82 Dg told fc, 15 Mach 103, [Nat lege Mor Tejera Nomen of the sons wat made eer of Gans wc, Young ldo Nagi Se for exupl Sees, 28 Mach 1922.a a 7% 1s a mm 2. oa 8. Ea Caen Moder nia Gandhian be she om spr chag abe wae Sealed inmate the masse, on 1 Mach, Folie Ser Bop of Lo Pe Seto Vio 1 Ap Tpttsrporthy {URN Biche 4g 922; po commune fro Depo 7 May 1922 port by AN, Prd, 15 iy 1922, NAT ion Mo Teja Sm Pe rts of lien Bray rsdn Borin 1921, Far dscused his alin dealin my sy ofthis memes The Comino he Des pp 166-6 oul mata vl 3, p20 nan The Cog oft Dei pp 191-5. Sm Pl abner mc Bombay Presideny, Baby 1924, pre ldr, 1989; meron wes Coiba Gop Dea, Pans, ese 24 ay 18 Trea ofind 09.25, 26Jly 1926, 310 Tedians Fhe Coming of be Des ph 207-8 David Arse ‘RebeliowsHllmes The Cudew-Rampa Rising {139-100 n Rane Can ey Sain Se New De Onl ninety Pr 198, pp. 3-40, St Chance, Ontos gin and Crono, Calta Eios Tn 1972 ate 908, 246-30 IES Singh ‘aun Cant and the Aas, Mon adi ol 38 nay Mc 97, p74 Yung Idi, 19 Jay 1928, CWC, vel tap 462 Dav le A Ses Tne Fe Sagan Maya Pade, 1950 Tea mam ond Sell Hr ei 0, ay March 1984975 Taker Sees Tn pp. 75-82 JS Singh The Hata Movonent in Chotangpr 1931-325 The roma ei Ran Se oh 991-4 fsck 1968 eo Veer Evin, 23 Febuary 193, CG 59 9.36, amaclande ul, Seog the Clie Vr Ein,Tb snd Chg, Uy of Cig Pes, 1999p. 499-0, Se eso Vere i, 4 Jury 1938, WMG, vol 59. p 1. etocanden aha Sana te Cd p88, ks pp 89-9035 ent Bin and, Maden Revi, Nowetber 1933, 9.5478, (pot in Rca Guba Seep the Cid 98 | Dalit and Adivasi Aseton 431 91, id. pp. 99-100. 22. Bid pp. 17-8 93. bid pis 2 Tne gud hie deseo he De maremen in South jae ‘np bok, The Congo he De gp 157-60, 95, Th Tins of Tai, 24 Jay 1938, 97, Ramachandes Guha Seay the Cid 10, 98. id 99, KS. Sigh "The adom Movemest and Tia Sb-Movemen, 1920-1967 n BR Nanda el), Eng Madera sy Ne Dati Osfrd Uaivasty Pes 980 p 168 Cyanend Pay Bae ined ou thatthe Males Lage war ath ine pjecing lst {Berepraestve of nr geap with nein mean ith eae Ina who weal pete by he Caner purty ofthe high-e Hinds aed eptt: Gyanendea Paes, ‘Remembering Pit: Vien, Nationa an try fd Cambeige, Cambie Univesity Po, 200,928 100, "Note: Adivasi Haim, 18 Janony 1943, CWAMG, wal. 81 pais, 101, ‘Gonsiyaive Pramas Maning and las, (3 Des WME Bp. 369-7, 102, ‘Discusion on Flows, Young Ini, 19 Janony 1928, CWMG, wh 3p te 108. Ramah Gly Sig be Cini p09. 106, ‘Consnaie Penne Meaning le, 13 December 194, (GWM, va. i, 36). In he ne 192, Thabo {Gujarat the Bil Sins Gon wee te? (gia inka) of nds Tal Lee onthe il Sev Mat, 6.1977 Jn Rajan Sate Archies Bikaner, Mahan Khe le N30, Sate 19, 118. Hilo ache Las Shan li one in amine he Hl Ser Ma in Dato on 30 ae 1985, ‘hahaa ad lan the eA om poll ero, ‘outetn Ear ho was hel an Aes 105. G'S. Ghuge, Te Schl Thad, New Brice Tinton Books, 1980, p13 106, Speech at Peer Mean, 12 June 1947, CW, vl 95, p 256 ‘Ste abo Spach a AICC Mating 4 Jae 1947, CMG, v.95, pa 107. Spec ae Congress Work? Cases 5 January 1986, CWMG, voi, p 178 108 Diss wth Midepe olil Woke, Jamar 1946, CMG, vol 9, p 7.2 109. 10, 1. Cate in Mader indi Secor nnple Gani co Mn SR, Da, December 1945, WMG, vol 89 pps and Gandhi o Ciao N, Shab, 2 Jia 1947, CAG, rol 93.205 Singh The Pedom Movement a Til SabMoremens 1920 1997.16 ‘for ample fn Thane Dini of Bombay Stein 1946-7: ee Ger Palin dine eb The Sry of War Passe ‘Sra Cle, iol Dak Agency 1973. “Ta pocen sonic by Jan Bran, Of ean, Mpa ad Tapers Rel Later Cicltion and Cait roacon Wot Ida New Dei, Ono Une Pes 198. iG Struggle for Identities ‘Chamar Histories and Politics" Ranouanatan S. Rasa “Thee a milion of pple in Indi today who cll hems Chests an ote] wh alo ell them ha wee fall uid bythe Chomer Pena Ha this word "Chana? and ste npn or liege, no blnged annie Siljparsuk w the dow of cisaion-U.BS. Raghavan ‘She Chaos Parana 0 Hence it not incomes go nage tat by easing the glrour Tc and history of the oppotens, the diene ee chartering them lick rato poplin thei ‘hey he Aen] covered ther uch el i diene 0 cee are Bean panda hare si ih eso BO pe cee wee Japan nda ty rds of he ata aoe rep renin ofan episod sare—Chandi od ig, Beet he Adi Nien Sublet 1997 sar activists au intllecruals wrote the fist histories of ( antbuchabl inthe early decades ofthe went coeur i teapons those istries writen by colonia and Hinde copyright ©2010 Lana Unies res. The rset xt wa i. putes chap in RacmaraanS Rawa, ers nomi: ‘man nd De yn Nod na asin: ian ie ‘eons ante Beonasene Blk, 2012) Exact (120°) eae rey eminent copyright and pubes Fo pubaion TESA sce th ear shuld cfr he bgp win the above ake