Simple Tenses

English Grammar in Templates

by Den Snowell

All you need

to speak English correctly

Essential Grammar Guide in Templates

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Book 1

Past, Present and Future Simple tenses

English Grammar in Templates
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

NO MORE GRAMMAR RULES AND THICK

CONTENT
BOOKS!
1. Verb TO BE -
forms and usage in statements
English grammar is presented in the Grammar and general
questions.
Templates which visually illustrate the correct
construction of English sentences on any topic of 2. Verb TO HAVE -
forms and usage in
grammar. statements and
general questions, countable
and uncountable
nouns.
In order to compose any English sentence, you just
need to read the template from left to right. Each 3. Verb TO DO and
other verbs - forms and
template provides multiple options for constructing usage in
statements and general questions,
sentences and sufficient vocabulary to use English for regular and
irregular verbs.
everyday communication. 4. General Tag
Questions
Each template is provided with a short explanation 5. Indirect General
Questions
and has a "key" - variants of sentences that can be
6. Special
Questions – Part 1
constructed with this template (see Appendices).
7. Special
Questions – Part 2
In the Book 1, we only consider the Simple tenses
(Past Simple, Present Simple and Future Simple) in the 8. Indirect Special
Questions
active voice. Simple tenses are used in 85% of 9. Infinitive –
Statements
conversations. The other types of tenses, as well as the
passive voice and all grammar topics related to other 10. Infinitive –
Questions
types of tenses, will be presented in the second part of 11. Complex Object
with Infinitive
this book.
12. Complex Object
with Zero Infinitive and
Participle 1
THE PRINCIPLE OF GRAMMAR TEMPLATES
13. There is / There
are
Any language is based on 3 main parts:
14. Degrees of
Comparison – Adjectives
1. Personal pronouns
15. Degrees of
Comparison – Adverbs
2. The most frequently used verbs TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO
16. Conditional 1 -
Statements
and constructions based on them
3. Vocabulary (minimum 500 frequency words) 17. Conditional 1 -
Questions
The verbs TO BE and TO HAVE are the most commonly used 18. Conditional 1 –
Other Cases
verbs in the English language and have specific features in
usage. The verb TO DO represents all verbs (except modal)
of the English language and the rules for their use. Grammar Keys
Therefore, in each topic of grammar, we consider these 3 • To Be, To Have,
To Do
verbs and their constructions. For convenience of visual • General
Questions
perception, these structures are highlighted in color:
• Special
Questions
1. TO BE and adjectives – green.
green
• Infinitive
2. TO HAVE and nouns – brown.
brown
• Complex Object
3. TO DO (and other verbs) – blue.
blue
Complementary colors: • There is / There
are

• Adverbs – yellow.
• Comparison Of
Adjectives
yellow
• Question words – black.
black • Comparison Of
Adverbs
• Time markers – orange.
orange • Conditional 1
 1. TO BE – Statements And General Questions
Simple Tenses
AFFIRMATIVE Past Pres. Future Name
Age Nationality Profession
Time
Ordinals Colors Occupation
I am
Location
He
She was in out
away back
It is here
there near far
Everybody will be at home at
school at work at Jone’s
Nobody at the hospital at
the airport at the station at the stop
in hospital in
Italy in London in prison
We on leave on
holiday on duty on strike
You were are on sick leave on
pension on vacation on a business trip
They
Appearance
handsome
short beautiful tall
NEGATIVE Past Pres. Future fat
slim slender thin
ugly
pretty bald pale
am
I Conditions
not
was born
new (to) sure sleepy
He young
old poor rich
not
She
is not won’t deaf
dumb pregnant blind
It
Everybody be divorced
(from) married (to) a bachelor single
strong
weak happy (with) famous (of)
healthy
ill/insane crazy (at) sick (with)
We hungry (for)
thirsty (for) angry (with) upset (with)
were are
You
not not very late (for)
tired (of) busy (with) free
They
too hot
cold lonely sad
rather worried
(about) exited (about) annoyed (with) scared (of)
somewhat disappointed
satisfied (with) nervous bored (with)
Past Pres. Future +QUESTION a bit drunk
lucky afraid (of) sober
quite mistaken
wrong right ready (for)
Am I in trouble
in power in love (with) in debt
in a hurry
in safety in despair in danger
he Positive
features
Was she
Is It well-bred
clever honest (with) modest
Will everybody polite (to)
generous kind (to) decent
be
nobody merry
cheerful witty frank
prudent
patient cultured calm
we sincere
sociable reliable brave
Were Are you careful
earnest enterprising wise
they educated
faithful (to) emotional proud (of)

Negative
features
Past Pres. Future -QUESTION
ill-bred
silly stupid rude (to)
Aren’t I frivolous
naughty lazy mean
fussy
greedy impudent sly
he jealous (of)
selfish tiresome boring
Wasn’t moody
nosy cross shy
she
Isn’t
It
Won’t
everybody be
in the
morning in 1999 now (then)

?
we
Weren’t Aren’t you in the
evening in winter at 6 o’clock
they in the
afternoon in October 2 days ago
in 2 hours
on October 15th next week
on Monday last year
2. TO HAVE – Statements And General Questions
Simple

Simple Tenses

Tenses

a lot of | enough | some

few little
POSITIVE Past Pres. Future
a few a little
both … and …
(too) many (too) much
I either … or …
We neither … nor …
have
You not only… but
also … any | enough
They
will
a / the much
had
many
He have
She
It has
Count Non-count

Singular Plural
Everybody
Nobody
a (n)+ friend +s work

enemy time

relative news
SIMPLE NEGATIVE
brother glory
no
(without a(n)) sister love

niece courage

nephew happiness
NEGATIVE Past Pres. Future

uncle progress
I
aunt experience
We don’t
family patience
You have
husband success
They
wife power
didn’t won’t
daughter strength
 He have have
son freedom
She
fiancé money
doesn’t
fiancée fun
It
have
Everybody
lover joy
Nobody
kid pity

neighbor mercy

car shame

house currency
Past Pres. Future QUESTION

umbrella wine
I
book water
Do
ticket food
we
---------
idea fruit
you
Don’t
they
date milk
Did Will
-------- --------
he
have
thing

problem

? meat

fish
Didn’t Won’t
Does she
fault sugar
--------- it
asset salt
Doesn’t everybody

duty bread
nobody

right butter

debt coal
Actions or Conditions
doubt oil
a+ dance word nap
toothache answer cotton
rest meal shave
headache question wool
wonderful walk trip snack head
cold holiday wood
terrible smoke party break cold
impression cattle
good drink ball baby fever
illusion poultry
bad row feast day off cough
suggestion petrol
nice fight argue swim wedding
suit iron
quarrel dream run
honeymoon shirt
talk bath sleep cup of
tee hat

breakfast
chat shower wash cup of
coffee coat

lunch

skirt

Dinner
with (someone)
dress
3. TO DO – Statements And General Questions
Simple

Simple Tenses

Tenses

regular + ed
POSITIVEE Past Pres. Future

love cure pour tease fire

I
need envy promise betray receive
We
marry bother deceive punish offer
...
You
believe admire answer obey greet
. . .+ed
They
praise spoil refuse annoy invite
will
rob hire show adore order
or
He ...
offend help hate join follow
She
kill respect miss treat save
V2
It . . . +s
arrest invite divorce call ask
Everybody
warn owe scold charm respect
Nobody always
amuse cook rape blame kiss
never
often
regular with prepositions
usually
NEGATIVE seldom Past Pres. Future
smile + ed lough + ed at me

look shout at her

I
arrive stay at / in / with him
We don’t
work play at / for us
You ...
wait look for you
They
borrow conceal from them
didn’t won’t
live study in / with everybody

die cure of / from / in nobody

He ... ...
return cry to / for
She doesn
listen toast to each of us
 It ’t
complain lie to none of us
Everybody ...
describe explain to
Nobody
propose prove to my friend

dedicate belong to her father

reply repeat to his wife

apologize save to / for our parents

Past Pres. Future QUESTION
talk boast to /about your kids

travel agree to / with your sister

I
dance smoke with their friends
Do
we
quarrel argue with / about Jack
---------
you always
Don’t
they never
Did
--------
Will
--------- often
?
he usually
irregular V2
Didn’t Does Won’t
she seldom
---------
take took
it
SOMETHING
Doesn’t
do did
everybody
drink drank
nobody
eat ate NOTHING
V2
learn learnt

lose lost
say said it /
something spend spent ANYTHING

choose chose (- / ?)
pay paid
wear wore

some / more
money win won
give gave

milk catch caught

lend lent
me
sugar become became
bring brought
SOMEONE
in the morning her
bread forget forgot
in the evening him
water to know knew NO-ONE
read read
see saw
in the afternoon us
write wrote
feed fed
in 2 hours you
letter
a /
another

sell sold
leave left
them
ticket ANYONE
in 1999 send sent
meet met

song (- / ?)
in winter sing sang
teach taught

story come came

in October tell told

flower stand stood

on October 15th get got

go went SOMEWHERE
on Monday
run ran
build built me
now (then)
house sit sat
a /
another

buy bought her

NOWHERE
at 6 o’clock
job sleep slept
find found him
swim swam
2 days ago
dress for
make made us
dream dreamt
next week
flower ANYWHERE
draw drew you
think thought
last year
ticket (- / ?)
get got them
speak spoke
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
1. TO BE. The most often used verb, has different forms for present and past
tenses.

We can talk about Location, Appearance, DESCRIBE A PERSON

+ QUESTIONS (positive)
Conditions, Positive and Negative • She is Lily. She is 25 (years
old). • Am I right?
features. • Lily is American. She is an
artist. • Is he very silly?
We can add Adjectives for emotional • She is a dress designer. Her
dress is yellow. • Are we too nosy?
enhancement and Time markers to • It is 4 P.M.
• Was she divorced from him last year?
indicate the time of the action. + STATEMENTS (positive)
• Were we ready for the new job last week?

• Will they be ready tomorrow at 5?

These Time markers indicate Simple • I am at home.
• She is at school today.
- QUESTIONS (negative)
Tenses. If you say or mean one of the
listed Time marker, you should use • They are at work now.
• Aren’t I stupid?
Simple tenses (Past, Present or Future). • He was very handsome two years
ago. • Isn’t she pregnant?
• You were too short.
• Aren’t you busy now?
We can use contractions (Affirmative: am • We will be in London next week.
• Wasn’t he rather careful?
= I’m, she is = she’s. And negative: he is
• Weren’t they somewhat sad?
- STATEMENTS (negative)
not = he isn’t, we are not = we aren’t) in
• Won’t he be mistaken tomorrow?
everyday speech and informal writing. • I am not rather young.
• Everybody is not quite sure.
Note!
Contractions are usually not appropriate • We are not very rich.
in formal writing.
• Everybody is / was …
• She wasn’t polite to me
yesterday.

• Nobody is / was …
We use contractors in Negative • We were not happy 2 days ago.

“Nobody” - only in positive statements but

Questions. • You won’t be worried about me in
2 weeks.

means negative: “Nobody is here”.

2. TO HAVE. The second most often used verb, can create simple negative sentences
with “no”.
We use it when we talk about what we have SINGULAR vs PLURAL
Use auxiliary verb “to do” (modal verb
or don’t have. Singular countable: add
article “a(n)” or “the”. “will” for future tense) to create
Plural countable: add ending
“s”. negative sentences and questions.
And in some cases it means actions (to have a
break = to make a break) or conditions (to + STATEMENTS (positive)
- STATEMENTS (negative)
have a headache = to feel pain in your head).
• He does not have much money.
• She has a friend.
Is used with countable (can be count) nouns • I had a lot of success.
• She won’t have many assets.
and uncountable (can’t be count) nouns. • She has few enemies.
• I don’t have any time.
• We will have too much
freedom. • I do not have fame.
QUANTITY
• She didn’t have any problems.
• They have too many ideas.
In positive sentences we use universal
• We didn’t have enough glory.
adjectives (a lot of, some, enough) to talk SIMPLE NEGATIVE

+ QUESTIONS (positive)
about quantity. And: Just add particle “no” after
the verb ”have”

• Do you have a job?

• few, many - for countable. (have no, has no, had no, will
have no). In this

• Does he have much strength?

• little, much - for uncountable case we don’t use article.

• Did we have many duties?

• I have no dog.
In negative sentences and questions we use
• Will they have any questions?
• They will have no families.
universal adjectives (any, enough). And:
• Does she have a rest?
• many - for countable. • She had no time.

- QUESTIONS (negative)
• much - for uncountable CONJUNCTIONS

• Don’t you have enough time?

She has both many friends and
much money.
“Have got” is used in British English and not
• Doesn’t he have much wine?
I will have either few friends
or lot of money.
described in this book.
• Didn’t we have many books?
We had neither time nor glory.
• Didn’t you have breakfast?

2. TO DO. And all other verbs (excluding modals).

REGULAR vs IRREGULAR VERBS + STATEMENTS (positive)
+ QUESTIONS (positive)
Regular – create past form with ending “ed” • I always believe you.
• Did he drink anything?
• love - loved • She never loved me.
• Do you believe me?
Irregular – with 2-nd form (V2) • He respects his parents.
• Will you find a job for me?
• go – went • They will come tomorrow.
• Will he find me a job next week?
• We spent all money yesterday.
• Does she know someone in the city?
• He built me another house.
• Does he usually borrow money from
HOW TO USE TEMPLATE
you?
- STATEMENTS (negative)
Put any verb into the grammar table – it will
- QUESTIONS (negative)
• He didn’t usually pay me.
show you the correct way to use verbs in
• She doesn’t give some money to
him. • Don’t you always teach her English?
sentences.
• We didn’t invite them.
• Doesn’t she betray him?
Use auxiliary verb “to do” to create • I won’t send you a letter.
• Didn’t they catch anything?
questions. • I don’t meet anyone here.
• Didn’t he tell us a wonderful story?
4. General Tag Questions
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
< = >
< = >
I am lazy

aren’t I
He kind
he
was
wasn’t
She is pretty
isn’t she
It will be
won’t It
ugly
We
we
You were are very strong
weren’t aren’t you
They too generous
they
rather
somewhat frank
I am not a bit modest
am I
He quite
he
wasn’t mean
was
She isn’t
is she
It won’t be cheerful
will It
We weak
we
You weren’t aren’t greedy
were are you
They
they

?
< = >
< = >
(a) few (a)
little I
I
We (too) many (too)
much we
have
haven’t
You
you
will a (n)+ relative +s joy
they
They had
hadn’t won’t
have husband shame
He
he
She has son
courage hasn’t she
It enough illusion pity
it
some ticket power
I any duty
strength I
We don’t
we
suit water
have
You have
you
didn’t won’t fault wine
they
They
had will
have have
He
he
doesn’t
has she
She
have
it
It

?
< = >
< = >
I
I
We
we
. . .+ed ...
don’t
You regular irregular
V2 you
They will
they
or respect teach
taught didn’t won’t
...
He praise sell
sold he
V2
doesn’t
She . . . +s
she
answer tell
told it
It
 dance feed fed
I marry eat ate
I
We don’t play wear
wore we

do
You ...
you
study sing
sang they
They didn’t won’t
did will
... ... divorce go
went
He
he
doesn’t
does she
She
...
it
It
5. Indirect General Questions
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

very silly
< = >
greedy

too

lazy
I am
rather

jealous (of)

somewhat

moody
He
a bit impudent
She was
quite selfish
It is
Everybody will be
Nobody
in love at school

in a hurry at work
We
in despair at home
You were are
in debt at Jon’s
They
in Paris on duty

in China on leave

in prison on pension

I
ask
(a) few
We
(a) little
< = >
You
(too) many (too) much
wonder
They
I
He We
a (n)+ house +s luck
have
She asks You
fault progress
If They
It
enough problem success
Everybody wonders will
whether had
have
some idea freedom
Nobody He
She
any thought sugar
It has
job love
Could you tell me
Do you know Everybody
choice work
Nobody
I’d like to know
I am wondering

a (n)+ break
walk drink quarrel

(with)
talk
party argue dream

breakfast
lunch dinner tea coffee

regular + ed

wait (for) smoke

refuse divorce
< = >
treat respect

marry call (up)(on)

I
cure smile (at)
We
envy look (at)
...
You always
die laugh (at)
. . .+ed
They never
often will
or
irregular V2
He ...
usually
She
teach taught
seldom V2
It . . . +s
learn learnt
Everybody
lose lost
Nobody
drink drank

find found

swim swam

think thought
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

4. GENERAL TAG QUESTIONS. A special construction in English - it is a statement

followed by a mini-question.

TO BE (+) TO HAVE (+)

TO DO (+)
• I am wrong, aren’t I? • I have enough duties, haven’t I?
• I study well, don’t I?
• She is very pretty, isn’t she? • He has many friends, hasn’t he?
• She always answers you, doesn’t she?
• They are a bit ugly, aren’t they? • We have a little pity, haven’t
we? • He divorced her, didn’t he?
• He was at work, wasn’t he? • They had much wine, hadn’t they?
• They sang poorly, didn’t they?
• They were lazy, weren’t they? • She will have some water, won’t
she? • We will eat some fish, won’t we?
• We will be happy, won’t we? TO HAVE (-)
TO DO (-)
TO BE (-) • You don’t have any relatives,
have you? • I don’t praise them, do I?
• I am not greedy, am I? • She doesn’t have much joy, has
she? • He doesn’t dance a lot, does she?
• She isn’t strong, is she? • You didn’t have many faults, had
you? • We didn’t wear jeans, did we?
• We aren’t very modest, are we? • He won’t have much courage, will
he? • You won’t go, will you?
• He wasn’t greedy, was he?
• They weren’t cheerful, were they? Attention!
• He won’t be rather kind, will he? The adverbs never, rarely, seldom,
hardly, barely and scarcely have a negative sense. We
treat statements with these words
like negative statements, so the question tag is normally
Answering tag questions positive:
Answer a tag question according to • He never saw you, did he?
the truth of the situation. Your answer • She seldom comes in time, does
she?
reflects the real facts, not the question. Specific cases:
• Sugar is sweet, isn’t it? - Yes (it is). The basic structure of tag
questions is positive-negative or negative-positive.
• Sugar isn’t sweet, is it? - Yes it is!
Sometimes it is possible to use a
positive-positive or negative-negative structure to express
• Sugar is bitter, isn’t it? - No it isn’t!
interest, surprise, anger etc, and
not to make real questions:
• Sugar isn’t bitter, is it? - No (it isn’t).
• She is really wonderful, is
she?

5. INDIRECT GENERAL QUESTIONS. A part of reported speech – when we tell someone

what another person asks or
wonders.
 TO BE TO HAVE
TO DO
• I wonder if he is at home now. • Everybody asks if you have many
ideas. • They ask if you smoke much.
• They ask if you are in London. • We wonder if he has enough
freedom. • We wonder if she envies us.
• We ask whether they were busy • She asks whether you had a job
last • He asks whether she will marry him.
yesterday. year.
• She wonders if he drank much
• She asks if we will be very greedy. • They wonder whether we will have
yesterday.
• Everybody wonders whether you are much work next month.
• They wander if he often smiles at me.
away. • I wonder whether he had a house.
• I wonder if you learnt English at school.
• He asks if she was at work last night. • Do you know whether she has a
• Could you tell me if she found a new
• Could you tell me if she is single. husband.
job.
TO BE (-) TO HAVE (-)
TO DO (-)
• He doesn’t ask if you are busy. • We don’t wonder whether they
have • She doesn’t wonder if you love her.
• She asks whether they are not rich. little progress.
• They ask whether you don’t love her.
• Could you tell me whether they are not • I’d like to know if she has no
job. • I am not wondering whether she lost
in a hurry. • She asks whether he doesn’t have
any her mind.
shame.
Attention! Reported (Indirect) Questions in
the Past
There is no question mark at the end of the We need to change tense:
indirect question. • She said: “Is he free?” - She
asked if he was free.
• They said: “Does he like tea?” -
They wondered if he liked tea.
• He said:” Will you be happy?” -
He asked if you would be happy.
“if” and “whether” have the same meaning.
• He said: ”Does she love him?” –
He wondered if she loved him.
"Whether" is a little more formal and more
usual in writing.
6. Special Questions – Part 1
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

Past Pres. Future

(not) patient lazy in love

calm kind in a hurry

Why Am
lonely pretty in despair
I
Aren’t
hungry strong in debt
Where
cheerful generous in Paris
Was very
he
right frank in China
When ---------
Is she too
ready modest in prison
Wasn’t Will
--------- It
cross sly at school
What Isn’t everybody
be rather
Won’t
wise afraid (of) at work
nobody a bit
How
bald jealous (of) at home
quite
thirsty weak at Jon’s
Were Are we
moody greedy on duty
Whom
--------- --------- you

wrong mean on leave

Weren’t Aren’t they

young impudent on pension

enough

some
few
many any little much
Past Pres. Future
a (n)+ car
house +s money luck
I asset
fault time progress
do
 we kid
problem power success
---------
you
don’t answer
question desire freedom
they
did will doubt
idea glory wine
-------- --------
have
he friend
enemy future bread
didn’t won’t thing
thought joy sugar
does she
--------- it debt
job hatred love
doesn’t everybody right
choice hope work
nobody
a (n)+ break
walk drink quarrel

(with)
talk
party argue dream

breakfast
lunch dinner tea coffee

Past Pres. Future

regular irregular V2

live help do did

I
do
study play go went
we always
---------
work invite come came
you
don’t never
love promise meet met
they
did will
hate borrow see saw
-------- --------- often +…
he
earn travel eat ate
didn’t does won’t
she seldom
ask wait (for) drink drank
---------
it
warn refuse speak spoke
doesn’t usually
 everybody
dance treat sing sang
nobody
kiss marry sleep slept

was is will be

Who had has will have no

…+ed
…+s will …

?
/ v2
7. Special Questions – Part 2
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
old young hungry
wide long thirsty
Past Pres. Future
late poor merry
free new calm
am I
pretty rich kind
busy tired polite
he
silly clever careful was
she
How cold hot shy
is It

will everybody
exited
lucky
lonely
famous
sly
greedy

nobody be ?
drunk scared stupid
hungry sure silly
we

were are you

ill nervous fussy

they
happy angry nosy

money future luck wine

time joy progress sugar
Past Pres. Future
How much
power hatred success love

I
desire hope freedom work
we

do

you

they
What (kind of) did
will

he
have ?
+s
she

does it earn
car friend house enemy
spend

everybody
asset thing fault thought
waist
How many
nobody
answer debt problem job
buy
doubt right question choice
solve

build

Past Pres. Future

my desk +s
was is his ball
her bike
Where will
our pants
be ?
were are yours boots
their glasses

Past Pres. Future

son +s it
daughter was is this
in the morning
kid that
in the evening
Whose
parents
will
they

be ? in the afternoon
relatives were are these
in 2 hours
children those
in 1999

in winter

in October
Past Pres. Future

on October 15th
car +s mine
on Monday
house was is his
now (then)
 Which
room
things
will be
hers
yours

? at 6 o’clock

2 days ago
papers were are ours
next week
books theirs
last year
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

6-7. SPECIAL QUESTIONS. A questions with question words at the beginning of the
General Questions.

TO BE TO HAVE
TO DO
• Why am I too lonely? • Why do they have a problem?
• Why do you learn English?
• Where is she now? • Where does she have a house?
• Why does he never earn enough
• When will they be on pension? • When will he have many friends?
money?
• What was cold? • When did she have much money?
• Where does he live?
• What is it? • When do you have free time?
• When did they meet you?
• How were they? • What did you have?
• When will I see you?
• How are you? • What does he have?
• What do you usually drink?
• Whom were you in prison with? • Whom did they have a break with?
• What did she often ask?
• Whom is she in love with? TO HAVE (-)
• How does she kiss?
TO BE (-)
• How do you treat your dog?
• Why didn’t we have lunch together?
• Why is he not wise? • When won’t she have much hatred?
TO DO (-)
• Why aren’t they on duty? • What won’t I have in my life?
• Why didn’t we travel much?
• When won’t she be wrong? • Whom doesn’t she have an argue with?
• Where doesn’t she dance?

• When doesn’t he work?

• What won’t you ask me?

• Whom don’t you wait for?

TO BE (Who) TO HAVE (Who)
TO DO (Who)
• Who was young? • Who had a break 2 hour ago?
• Who loved you so much?
• Who is very busy today? • Who has much freedom?
• Who saw me in the hospital?
• Who will be too hungry soon? • Who will have many thoughts?
• Who works with you?

• Who will travel abroad next week?

TO BE (How) TO HAVE (How much/many)
TO DO
• How old are you? • How much time does she have?
• How much money did you spend?
• How cold is it? • How much hope do they have?
• How much time did we waist?
 • How hungry was he? • How much joy will we have?
• How many houses will you build?
• How lucky were they? • How many enemies did they have?
• How many problems did she solve?
• How drunk is she? • How many cars does he have?
• What car will you buy?
• How angry will everybody be? • What kind of car do you have?
• What kind of house will you build?
• What question does she have?
• Where is my desk?
• Where was his home?
• Where are her glasses?
• Where were our boots?
• Where will their pants be?
• Whose son is he? We use this, that, these and those to
point to people and things. This and that are singular.
• Whose sons are they? These and those are plural.
• Whose car is it?
• Whose house was this? Singular Plural
• Whose kids were these? it they
• Whose parents are they? this these
- object is near
• Whose children were these? that those
- object is far
• Whose relatives will they be?
• Which car is mine?
• Which things are his?
• Which book was hers?
• Which houses were yours?
• Which friends are ours?
• Which papers will be theirs?
8. Indirect Special Questions
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

very silly
< = >
greedy
where your car is
too

lazy
I am
rather
whose car it is
jealous (of)

somewhat moody
which car is yours* He
a bit impudent
She was
quite selfish
It is
Everybody
will be
Nobody
in love at school

in a hurry at work
We
in despair at home
You were are
in debt at Jon’s
They
in Paris on duty
who

in China on leave
what
in prison on pension
was is
will be

I
ask
We
You
(a) few (a) little
wonder < =
>
They
why
(too) many (too) much
He I
She asks where We
a (n)+ house +s luck
have
It You
fault progress
Everybody wonders when They

enough problem success

Nobody
will
what had

have some idea freedom

He
Could you tell me She
any thought sugar
how
job love
Do you know It has
I’d like to know whom Everybody
choice work
I am wondering Nobody

who had has will

have

a (n)+
break walk drink quarrel

(with)
how much money he earns talk
party argue dream

how many ideas they have

breakfast lunch dinner tea coffee

regular + ed

wait (for) smoke

< = >
refuse divorce (from)

treat respect
I
marry call (up)(on)
We
cure smile (at)
...
You always . . .+ed
envy look (at)
They never

will bother laugh (at)

often or

He ...
usually
irregular V2
She
seldom V2
 It . . . +s
teach taught
Everybody
learn learnt
Nobody
lose lost

drink drank
who
find found
…+ed
bring brought
…+s
will …
what / v2
think thought
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

8. INDIRECT SPECIAL QUESTIONS. Just add question word instead of “if” or “whether”
in the Indirect General Questions
(Part 5).

TO BE TO HAVE
TO DO
• I wonder why he is on duty. • Everybody asks why she has much
luck. • They ask why you always drink much.
• They ask where she was 2 days ago. • We wonder where he had a house.
• We wonder where she met you last
• We ask when they were in prison. • She asks when you will have some
week.
• She asks what it is. progress.
• He asks when she lost money.
• Everybody wonders whom you are • They wonder what we will have
• She wonders how he dances.
jealous of. tomorrow.
• They wander whom I told the truth.
• Could you tell me why she is in despair. • I wonder whom he had a talk with.
• I wonder what you learn English for.
TO BE (-) • Do you know when she had a
problem. • Could you tell me when she bought a
TO HAVE (-)
car.
• He doesn’t ask when you will be in Paris.
• She asks why they are not rich. • We don’t wonder why they have many
TO DO (-)
• Could you tell me whom she was in love choices.
• She doesn’t wonder why he hates her.
with. • I’d like to know when she had a
• They ask when you didn’t miss a train.
husband.
• I am not wondering where they live.
• She asks why he doesn’t have
breakfast.
TO BE (Who, What) TO HAVE (Who, What)
TO DO (Who, What)
• They wonder who was at home last • I wonder who has too many doubts.
• He asks who will teach him English.
week. • He asks who had much money.
• They wonder who looked at us.
• He asks who is very impudent. • Could you tell me who will have
some • We ask who sleeps well.
• Do you know who will be quite silly. success.
• She ask who drinks a lot.
• She asks what is very hot. • She wonders what he has.
• I wonder what brings you here.
• They wonder what will be there. • They ask what you will have.
• She asks what bothers you.
TO BE (Where, Whose, Which) TO HAVE (How much/many)
TO DO (How much/many)
• Nobody wanders where your car is. • He wonders how much time she has.
• They ask how much money you waste.
• He asks where my parents are. • He asks how many friends they had.
• She wonders how many goods he sold.
• They wonder whose house it is. • We ask how much work they have.
• He asks how much freedom we deserve.
• He asks whose children they are. • She asks how many thoughts I will
have. • I wonder how many ideas you have.
• I wonder which clothes were hers.*
• She wonders which room will be theirs.*
Attention! Reported (Indirect) Special
Questions in the Past
There is no question mark at the end of the We need to change tense:
indirect question. • She said: “When Is he free?” - She
asked when he was free.
• They said: “Why does he like tea?”
- They wondered why he liked tea.
• He said:” When will you be happy?”
- He asked when you would be happy.
* no change in words order compared to
• He said: ”Who loves him?” – He
wondered who loved him.
Direct Special Questions (7)
9. Infinitive – Statements
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
< = >
am
I --------
was am not able
--------
right wrong
glad/sad
wasn’t is
married single
He will be happy
--------
ready funny
She -------- proud
isn’t
busy free
won’t be sorry

here there
were surprised
We are
new old
--------
You -------- (not) to
be sad merry
weren’t
They aren’t
in love at school

in a hurry at work
going
in despair at home

in debt at Jon’s
difficult
in Paris on duty
easy
in China on leave
was is will be
in prison on pension
simple
It -------- -------- --------
wasn’t isn’t won’t be possible
(un)real
nice

(a) few (a) little

< = >
(too) many (too) much

a (n) car +s money

I have
+ a lot of asset time
We -------- (no)
enough kid power
You don’t will chance
some house desire
had have a+
They have desire
fault glory
--------
-------- wish
problem future
didn’t
have
won’t
opportunity
(not) to
have question joy
He has have
doubt luck
-------- attempt
She
enough friend progress
It
doesn’t (any)
- thing success
have
some

debt freedom

any idea wine

something anything
enemy bread
nothing anyone
thought sugar
someone
job love
no one
like
< = > want
agree
do drink sell
decide
go speak pay
I ... learn
come sing spend
We -------- manage
meet sleep lend
You . . .+ed don’t
see teach feed
will fail
They or ... ... hope
eat learn read
V2
-------- plan
leave lose write
--------
won’t pretend (not) to
didn’t
. . . +s ...
live play smoke
He ... refuse
--------
study invite divorce
She try
doesn’t
work promise respect
It forget
...
know how
love borrow cure

hate travel envy

ask wait (for) look (at)

would (not) like
warn refuse laugh (at)
10. Infinitive – Questions
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
< = >
am
?
--------
Why am not
I
was aren’t
able
Where --------
glad/sad
wasn’t
right wrong
is will he
happy
When be
married single
-------- -------- she
proud
isn’t won’t
ready funny
What It
sorry busy free

surprised here there

Whom were are we
-------- -------- you
new old
weren’t aren’t they

(not) to be sad merry

in love at school

in a hurry at work
was is will be

in despair at home
Who -------- -------- --------
wasn’t isn’t won’t be
in debt at Jon’s

in Paris on duty

going in China on leave

in prison on pension
was is will
difficult
-------- -------- -------- it
be

easy
wasn’t isn’t won’t

simple ?
possible

(un)real (a) few (a) little

nice (too) many (too) much

a (n) +s

car money

+ a lot of asset time

< = >

enough kid power

I
some house desire
do
fault glory
we
-------- a+
chance problem future
don’t you
did will
desire
they

wish

(not) to have question joy

-------- --------
doubt luck
didn’t won’t
have
opportunity

enough friend progress

does he
attempt -
--------
thing success
she
some
doesn’t
(any) debt freedom
it

any idea wine

enemy bread
Who had has will have
thought sugar

job love

would (not) like

?
do drink sell
< = >
like go speak pay

want come sing spend

I
agree
do
meet sleep lend
we
decide
--------
see teach feed
don’t you
learn
did will they
eat learn read

manage leave lose write

-------- --------
fail (not) to
didn’t won’t
does he
hope live play smoke
-------- she
plan study invite divorce
doesn’t it
pretend work promise respect

refuse love borrow cure

try hate travel envy

. . .+ed
forget
will
ask wait (for) look (at)
Who or . . . +s
...
know how warn refuse laugh (at)
V2
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
9-10. INFINITIVE. The infinitive names an action (to walk around) or state (to be
happy), but cannot show person,
number, or mood..
TO BE TO HAVE
TO DO
• I am able to be at home in 5 minutes. • I have a chance to be near you.
• They like to go to the cinema.
• She is very glad to be married. • She has a desire to have a lot
of success. • I want to come.
• You are happy to have a lot of assets. • They had a wish to have enough
ideas. • He agrees to have 2 kids.
• He was proud to have enough things. • We will have an opportunity to
have • We decided to refuse him.
• We were sorry to smoke here. some food.
• I will promise you to be ready.
• They will be surprised to look at me. • I had a chance to earn a lot of
money. • She failed to have a lot of love.
• Everybody is sad to have a fault. • We had an opportunity to travel
a lot. • They forgot to warn me.
TO BE (-) TO HAVE (-)
• I now how to work well.

• She knows how to feed the dog.

• He is not able to be right. • We don’t have a chance to have
many

• We knew how to be rich.

• I am not happy to do it. problems.
• We are not proud to have a small house. • He doesn’t have a desire to have
much TO DO (-)
• She was not surprised to see hm. power.
• She doesn’t plan to divorce him.
• We were not glad to borrow money • They didn’t have a attempt to be
on • We didn’t pretend to be in love.
from you. duty.
• They don’t try to have a family.
• I am happy not to have enemies. • I have a chance not to wait for
him. • We won’t manage to have many ideas.
• She will be glad not to be funny. • She has a wish not to be sad.
• I decided not to envy him.
• I didn’t have any chance to
work.
• It is difficult to be rich. • She has something to show you.
• I would like to be famous.
• It was easy to live happily. • They had nothing to tell
• She would like to have children
• It will be possible to have enough joy. • She has someone to love.
• They would like to study.
• It is not simple to be here. • We will have no one to have a
talk with. • We wouldn’t like to sleep much.
• It was not nice to have an argue. • I didn’t have anything to eat.
• He wouldn’t like to write a letter
• It is easy not to invite us. • She doesn’t have anyone to be
happy. • They wouldn’t like to have friends.
 TO BE (?) TO HAVE (?)
TO DO (?)
• Am I happy to see you? • Do you have a chance to be free?
• Do you like to be happy?
• Is she proud to have much success? • Does she have a wish to be
married? • Does he want to respect my parents?
• Are you sorry to divorce her? • Did they have a desire to live
in Paris? • Did she agree to play with me?
• Was he glad not to see me? • Will we have an attempt to have
many • Will they decide to have kids?
• Were they sad not to have many duties? questions?
• Don’t you hope to leave the city?
• Will you be able not to be in a hurry? • Don’t you have a chance to be at
work? • Doesn’t she try to have much money?
• Won’t she be sorry to have desire? • Doesn’t he have a wish to have
luck? • Didn’t I plan to see him then?
• Aren’t I sorry not to have any thoughts? • Didn’t everybody have any chance
to • Would you like to have love?
• Was it difficult to be married? ask a question?
• Would she like to be at Jon’s?
• Is it simple not to have any friends? • Won’t you have an opportunity to
have • Wouldn’t they like to speak?
• Will it be nice to drink much? enough assets?
• Wouldn’t he like to have problems?
• Wasn’t it possible to have bright future?

TO BE (?) TO HAVE (?)

TO DO (?)
• Why am I happy to be near you? • Why do you have a chance to cure
him? • Why do you agree to meet me?
• Where is she able to sing? • Where does he have a wish to be
• Where does she want to have a house?
• When are you happy to have much happy?
• When did we plan to be in Rome?
glory? • When did we have a desire to
study? • Why don’t you pretend to love her?
• What were they proud to have? • Whom did they have a chance to
have a • What does he pretend to do?
• Whom will you be glad to lend money? talk with?
• Whom will they forget to give a gift?
• Who is able to be merry? • Who has a wish to sleep?
• Who tried to love her?
• Who was sad to have many kids? • Who had a chance to be at home?
• Who wants to have a dog?
• Who will be able to be ready? • Who will have a wish to sell a
car? • Who will refuse to see you?
• Who isn’t proud to see me? • Who doesn’t have a chance to be
free? • Who didn’t manage to drive a car?
• What was difficult to buy? • Who didn’t have any chance to
meet • Who doesn’t learn to be honest?
• What is easy to have? her?
• What won’t be possible to lose?
Important! Note:
When you use an infinitive verb, the "to" is As a rule, the infinitive is
preceded by the particle "to".
a part of the verb. “To” is not a preposition The particle "to" is omitted after
modal verbs, after the verbs "make, let", after the verb
in this case. "help" in American English
(Chapter 12).
 In proprr cases use “going to” if
you have already decided to do something and “will” if you
make a decision right now during a
conversation.
11. Complex Object with Infinitive
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

?
+/- < = >

right wrong
I
married single
We
ready funny
. . .+ed ...
You
busy free
They will
here there
or
...
new old
He (not)
to be
She V2 . . . +s
sad merry
It
in love at school

in a hurry at work

in despair at home

in debt at Jon’s
would (not) like

in Paris on duty

in China on leave

in prison on pension
want
ask
expect me
?
invite us
promise
(a) few (a) little
remind you

(too) many (too) much

tell them
a (n) +s
wait (for) him
car money
Why wish
+ a lot of asset time
advise her
enough kid power
 Where
allow everybody
some house desire
When forbid anyone
fault glory
hire
problem future
What need nobody (not)
to have question joy
How offer each of us
doubt luck
permit each of them
enough friend progress
Whom warn
- thing success
teach
some debt freedom

any idea wine

enemy bread

thought sugar
< = > +/- ?

job love
I
do
we
--------
don’t you
?
did will they
-------- --------
do drink sell
didn’t won’t
go speak pay
does he
-------- she
come sing spend
doesn’t it
meet sleep lend

see teach feed

eat learn read

would (not) like
leave lose write
(not)
to

live play smoke

study invite divorce

. . .+ed
work promise respect
will
love borrow cure
or . . . +s
 ...
hate travel envy
V2
Who
ask wait (for) look (at)

warn refuse laugh (at)

would (not) like
12. Complex Object with Zero Infinitive and Participle 1
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

+/- < = >

There is no “to” after the verb

"help" in American English.

I
We . . .+ed ...
You
They will
or
...
He Verbs,
using with Zero
She V2 . . . +s
Infinitive and Participle 1
It
show
cross
dig
enter
run
tremble
put
break
+ Zero Infinitive walk
go out
pull
shake
let let
push
cry
make made
me draw
leave
help (to) helped (to)
us stay
crawl
have had
me
kick
climb
see saw you
her
give
scold
watch watched them take
close him
notice noticed him open
cook us
hear heard
you
her
feel felt apologize
(to) them
 everybody lie
(to)
anyone smile
(at)
+ Participle 1
nobody laugh
(at)
see saw shout
(at)
watch watched each of us
quarrel
(with)
Why notice noticed each of them argue
(with) +ing
hear heard shiver
(with)
Where feel felt whisper
(to)
When listen
(to)
What jump
(for)
breathe
How fall
(down)
Whom

< = > +/- ?

I
do
we
--------
did
don’t
will
you
they

?
-------- --------
didn’t won’t
does he
-------- she
doesn’t it

. . .+ed
will
Who or . . . +s
...
V2
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
11. COMPLEX OBJECT with Infinitive. It’s used when one object affects another (“He
asked her to come” – he affects her).
(+) (+?)
(special +?)
• I want you to be my friend. • Do you wait for him to
have a dance with? • Why do we want him to be at home?
• She expects him to have a lot of questions. • Does she promise them to
be polite? • Where does he ask you to wait for
• We advised her to study hard. • Did we allow each of them
to borrow him?
• She will offer him to be funny. bikes?
• When did they permit everybody to
• They told me to have some wine. • Will he offer her to come
later? have some freedom?
• She allows her kids to learn French. • Would you like me to help
you? • What will he expect us to say?
• She would like him to have a lot of glory. • Would he like everybody
to leave? • How does she teach him to be brave?
• They would like me to see the world. • Do you allow anyone to
talk to you? • Whom did they tell to meet me at the
(-)
station?
(-?)
• Why would he like nobody to smoke?
• They told me not to have much wine.
• She doesn’t allow her kids to learn French. • Don’t we expect her to
have lunch? (special -?)
• We don’t hire him to build a house. • Doesn’t she allow us to
drink? • Why don’t you need me to help?
• He didn’t need you to have success. • Didn’t everybody ask each
of us to respect • Where doesn’t he ask me to have too
• She permits him not to be merry. him?
many books?
• We wouldn’t like her to be single. • Won’t you remind them to
come in time? • When didn’t she permit you to kiss?
• I would like him not to have many doubts. • Wouldn’t you like me to
go with you? • How don’t you ask him to be there?
• Wouldn’t she like him to
dance? • Whom doesn’t she expect us to see?
Note:
• Who wants me to come?
Complex direct object is a combination of a direct object (noun or pronoun) with an
infinitive, • Who taught you to speak English?
participle, noun, or adjective.
• Who advised them to divorce?
Transitive verbs "expect, want, consider, find, hear, see, make" and some others
are often followed • Who will hire you to create TV
by a direct object and an infinitive. After "consider, find", the infinitive is
usually "to be", but it may advertising?
be omitted.
• Who would like them to have a

break?
After “let, make, have, see, watch notice, hear, feel", the infinitive is used
without "to“ – Zero
• Who wouldn’t like me to be right?
(Bare) Infinitive.

12. COMPLEX OBJECT with Zero Infinitive. Use Zero Infinitive (without “to”) after 9
verbs.
(+) (+?)
(special +?)
• I usually let him show the example. • Do you watch him shiver with
cold? • Why do you let her go?
• They made me cry. • Does he notice us listen to
the • Where does he see us jump over the fence?
• You helped us (to) stay alive. music?
• When did we hear him enter the room?
• She has him to run fast. • Did we hear him shout at
her? • What did you see him give us?
• We saw him enter the room. • Will she feel him breathe
hard? • How will he notice me go out?
• I will watch her climb the tree.
• Whom do you usually let him whisper?
• They noticed us shake the bottle. (-?)
(special -?)
• You hear him break the window.
• Don’t we see her quarrel
with • Why doesn’t he let us apologize?
• She feels me tremble.
friends?
• When didn’t anyone watch me kick the ass?
(-) • Doesn’t you often watch her
laugh • What didn’t they feel each of us tremble?
• I don’t let you apologize to him. at me?
• They don’t make him lie to her. • Didn’t they notice him shout
at his • Who makes me break the rules?
• He doesn’t help me (to) smile at her. wife?
• Who saw them dig a pit?
• They don’t have us laugh at you.
• Who noticed us argue?
• She didn’t see me argue with them.
• Who will hear her leave the car?

12. COMPLEX OBJECT with Participle 1. Use Participle 1 (verb +ing) after 5 verbs.
(+) (+?)
(special +?)
• I saw you dancing. • Did you see her dancing?
• Why did you see her dancing?
• She watched me jumping. • Will she watch me jumping?
• Where will she watch me jumping?
• They notice us shouting at kids. • Do they notice us shouting?
• When do they notice us shouting?
• We hear you breathing. • Does he hear us breathing?
• What does he hear us shouting?
• They feel her shivering with cold. • Did they feel her shivering?
• How did they feel her shivering?
(-) (-?)
(special -?)
• She didn’t see me drawing the picture. • Didn’t you see me laughing?
• Why didn’t you see me laughing?
• He doesn’t watch her falling down. • Doesn’t they watch him
walking? • Where doesn’t they watch him walking?
• They didn’t notice us crossing the street. • Didn’t they notice us
opening the door? • When didn’t they notice us falling?
• We won’t hear him crying. • Won’t we hear him arguing?
• She doesn’t feel him trembling. • Doesn’t she feel me
shivering?
13. There is / There are
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

a lot
of Non-count Nouns
plenty
of money information

time justice
enough

power advertising
some
desire alcohol

bread baggage
(a) little
butter dust
not much
mud air
a large amount of
blood clothing

water cooperation
(not any)
music electricity
< = >
peace energy
no
progress employment
There was is will be
hatred personnel

sand work

Count Nouns

job vegetable
< = >
problem enemy
(not any) singular
a (n)
was is
thing bed
There will be no
chair apple
were are
kid star +s
plural

bottle book
(a) few
holiday door

rug answer
 not many

car question
a large number of
ticket window

friend impression
a lot
of

sofa drink
plenty
of
enough
some

money future luck wine

How much
time
power
joy
hatred
progress
success
sugar
love
< = >

?
desire hope freedom work

was is there
What (kind of)
will be
+s
were are
car friend house enemy
asset thing fault thought
How many answer debt problem job
doubt right question choice

Some Non-count Nouns

accommodation cattle energy humanity
money poultry soap
advertising childhood employment humor
mud poverty time
advice clothing entertainment justice
music produce traffic
air compassion furniture knowledge
news progress travel
alcohol cooperation gold leisure
nonsense power unemployment
baggage desire hatred literature
peace revenge violence
behavior despair health loneliness
permission steel water
blood dust homework luck
personnel safety weather
 bread earth imagination machinery
petrol sand welfare
butter electricity information maturity
pig iron scenery work
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
13. THERE IS / THERE ARE. Ф special language construct for describing the existence
or location of objects
Non-Count Nouns Count Nouns - SINGULAR
Count Nouns - PLURAL
(+) (+)
(+)
• There is a lot of information in the • There is a problem in the
code. • There are a lot of enemies.
internet. • There was a chair in the
room. • There were few cars on the street.
• There is plenty of energy on the earth. • There will be a holiday
tomorrow. • There will be some holidays in
• There was enough air in the room. (-)
December.
• There was some power in his arms.
(-)
• There is no enemy here.
• There will be a little justice.
• There was no question.
• There are not many impressions.
• There will be not much music.
• There is not any
problem. • There were not enough things.
(-) • There was not any
window. • There won’t be many questions.
• There is no progress. • There will be not any
impression. • There are not any answers.
• There was no money. (?)
• There were no problems.
• There is not much mud on the street.
(?)
• Is there a bottle on the
shelf?
• There was not any work in the city.
• Was there an answer?
• Are there many tickets?
(?) • Will there be any star
in the sky? • Were there enough bottles?
• Is there much desire? • Isn’t there any apple?
• Will there be a few kids?
• Was there plenty of water? • Wasn’t there any book?
• Aren’t there many books?
• Will there be little progress? (special ?)
• Weren’t there plenty of vegetables?
(special ?) • Why is there no rug?
(special ?)
• Why is there much butter in the cake? • Why wasn’t there any door?
• Why are there few bottles?
• When was there any clothing?
• Why were there not many friends?
• How much money is there?
• How many answers were there?
• How much power was there?
• How many things are there?
• How much freedom is there?
• How many problems are there?
• How much hope will there be?
• How many houses will there be?

There is There are

fresh air flowers in the room
a TV pictures on the wall
a carpet slippers under the sofa
a lamp bottles above the table
a bookcase flowers behind the armchair
a rug newspapers near the fireplace
a magazine rack magazines at the table

Only singular Only plural

a table flowers between the sofa and the
fireplace

politics people
a painting bottles opposite the window
police

tactics
a wastebasket in front of the table
news clothes

mathematics grounds
some space chairs round the table
talks

physics

economics trousers

billiards goods

mechanics pincers

measles pliers

mumps scales

scissors

spectacles/glasses

the unemployed
14. Degrees of Comparison - Adjectives
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

…+er the …+est …+ier

the …+iest more … the most …
less …
less … less … the least …
< = > old young angry
messy active boy / girl
rich poor busy
naughty attractive lady
am
I -------- hot cold chilly
noisy careful driver
was am not big small crazy
nosy comfortable flat
-------- soft hard fussy
pretty complicated job
wasn’t is tall short fuzzy
shy convenient chair
He will be
-------- thin thick greedy
sly delicious food
She --------
isn’t low high happy
spicy difficult task
won’t be
weak strong healthy
tasty excited person
were sharp blunt heavy
ugly expensive look
We are
-------- wide narrow juicy
witty famous writer
You --------
weren’t
They aren’t deep shallow lazy
funny handsome man
warm cool Lucky
merry indifferent sight
slim fat dirty
early important issue
dim bright tiny
salty interesting book
gentle cruel silly
possible chance
clear vague (than)
probable solution
cheep dear
profitable business
fresh stale
serious question
fast slow
significant event
sweet bitter
terrible day
loud quiet
awesome dress
calm mad
upset parents
large minor
wonderful night
new clever
worried mother
wet old
endless story
sad dry
lifeless body
clean keen
helpless child
dull neat
(than)
Who was is will be mild severe
-------- -------- --------
long short
What wasn’t isn’t won’t be
hard simple
ripe green
among us / them
sour sweet
late
(spoken English)
Why (than)
any of
us / them me
When
us

anyone else you

Whom
(formal English)

them

I am him

was her
Past Pres. Future ?
he/she is will

we/you/they were are

Am
I
Aren’t
Was
exceptions
---------
Is he
(a) the…
Wasn’t Will
--------- she
good better best
Isn’t It
be
Won’t
bad worse worst
far farther farthest
Were Are we
far further furthest
--------- --------- you
little less least
Weren’t Aren’t they
old elder eldest

(than)
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
14. DEGREES OF COMPARISON - ADJECTIVES. Comparative and superlative forms of
adjectives.

Most two-syllable and three or more

One-syllable

syllables
Type 1A – add suffixes: Type 1B – add suffixes:
Type 2 – add:
Comparative degree: …+er Comparative degree: …+ier
Comparative degree: more …
Superlative degree: …+est Superlative degree: …+iest
Superlative degree: the most …
(comparative +) (comparative +)
(comparative +)
• She was younger. • I am angrier today than she
was • It is more important than my business.
• It was hotter yesterday. yesterday.
• He was more handsome than his
• She will be weaker than I (will). • He is busier than anyone
else. brother.
• This knife is sharper than that one. • They were happier 2 days ago.
• It will be more interesting.
• They are fatter than their sister. • It will be juicier in 3
weeks. • He is more upset today then he was
• She was richer than any of us. • She was either greedier or
crazier than I. yesterday.
(comparative -) • We will be both luckier and
busier than • We were more excited about your book.
you.
(comparative -)
• We are not taller than he (is).
• She is not cleverer than he (is). (comparative -)
• She is not more serious.
• It won’t be sweeter than honey. • She is not healthier than her
father. • I am not more famous than you (are).
• It is less wide. • We were not uglier than he
(was). • It is less expensive than that.
• We are less calm than you are. • He was not luckier than I am.
• It is less terrible.
• I am less strong today. • I am neither uglier nor
wittier than she. • She is not more wonderful than you.
(superlative +) • We were less lucky than you
are now. (superlative +)
• This river is the deepest and the longest. (superlative +)
• This artist is the most famous in the
• I am the oldest among us. • This box is the heaviest.
West.
• He was the richest among them. • It was the tastiest dish in
the restaurant. • She is the most important person.
• They were the greatest actors. • I am the craziest among us.
• He was the most serious boss.
(superlative -) • He is both the happiest and
the • She will be the most worried mother.
healthiest.
(superlative -)
• He is not the slowest runner.
• I am not the cleverest. (superlative -)
• He is not the most handsome man.
• Tesla model 3 wont be the cheapest car. • He is not the noisiest man.
• It was not the most interesting book.
• We were not the latest. • I am not the laziest among
then. • I am not the most careful driver.
• She was not the busiest.
• It is the least difficult task.
• We were not the prettiest.
• It will be the least expensive look.
(?) (?)
(?)
• Am I slimmer than he (is)? • Is she happier than we
are? • Are you more reliable?
• Was she shorter than I? • Was he lazier than I?
• Isn’t she more worried?
• Were they higher? • Will he be busier than
you? • Was he more famous?
• Will we be faster? • Are they messier than
anyone else? • Were they the most terrible?
• Aren’t I louder than everybody (is)? • Is he less lucky?
• Will we be the most handsome?
• Isn’t he quieter than we are? • Aren’t you the strongest?
• Is it the least possible chance?
• Isn’t it wetter? • Wasn’t she less happy?
• Am I less upset than you?
• Is it less green? • Will they be less noisy?
(special ?)
• Was she less sad? (special ?)
• Why is she more wonderful today?
(special ?) • Why is it heavier than stone?
• Why was he more attractive?
• Why is it fresher than that? • Why are you busier than your
friends? • Why will we be the most terrible
• Why are you fatter than we are? • Why were they the nosiest?
workers?
• When will you be louder? • Whom are you crazier?
• When will they be the most worried?
• Whom were you taller? • Whom am I luckier?
• When was it more convenient?
• Whom is she weaker? • Who will be angrier?
• Whom is she more interesting?
• Who is the coolest? • Who was the ugliest among us?
• Who is more lifeless?
• Who was bigger than you? • What is juicier: apple or
pear? • Who was the most careful?
• What is the dirtiest? • What will be the tastiest?
• What is more important?
• What is less dry? • Which apple is tastier?
• What was the most complicated?
• Which wine is less sweet? • Which man was the heaviest?
• Which book was more interesting?
• Which car is the cheapest? • Which dish will be the
cheapest? • Which car is the most expensive?
Note! Exceptions
Note!
Black knife less sharp than green = Green • She is better than I. She is
the best. the least expensive = the cheapest
knife is sharper than black. • It was worse. It was the
worst.
• This city is farther then you
think.
• We study further.
• He is elder son in the
family.
 15. Degrees of Comparison - Adverbs
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

…+(i)er (the*) …+(i)est more … (the*) most …

< = > regular
+ed less … less … (the*) least …
study answer
I ... work cook
high low often wisely
We -------- live walk
fast slow seldom proudly
You . . .+ed don’t will earn dress
easy hard quietly properly
They or ... ... borrow behave
late early brightly happily
V2
--------
long loudly silently simply
--------
won’t irregular V2
near soon frankly carefully
didn’t
. . . +s ...
He ... speak spoke
slow 2 quick 2 slowly 2 quickly 2
--------
She eat ate
(than) (than)
doesn’t
It drink drank
...
drive drove
learn learnt
exceptions (the*)… or
sing sang

bad(ly) worse worst

read read

well better best

come came

far farther farthest

lose lost
of all
. . .+ed
far further furthest
will win won
Who or . . . +s go went
little less least
...
V2 become became
much more most

(than)
among us / them
exceptions
(spoken English)
2 slow – slower – (the) slowest
me any of us / them
slowly – more slowly – (the) most slowly
us anyone else
2 quick – quicker – (the) quickest
you (formal English)
quickly – more quickly – (the) most quickly
them

I/we/you/they do

him did will

* Article (the) is optional in superlative form
her he/she does

Why
When
Whom

as much … as … as many … as …
< = >
much more … many more …

much less … far fewer …

(a)
the…
I have
+s
We good better
best joy future car income
--------
You don’t bad worse
worst rest money kid friend
will
had have little less
least time choice flat problem
They have
-------- few fewer
fewest work memory hope thought
--------
didn’t
food freedom book condition
have won’t much
has have more
most lunch business talk question
He many
She --------
power industry thing holiday
doesn’t (than)
It
glory voice house fault
have
meat produce enemy asset

any of us /
them
anyone
else among us / them

Who had has will have

I/we/you/they have

had will

he/she has
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
15. DEGREES OF COMPARISON - ADVERBS. Comparative and superlative forms of
adverbs.

Most two-syllable and three or more

One-syllable

syllables
Type 1A – add suffixes: Type 1B – add suffixes:
Type 2 – add:
Comparative degree: …+er Comparative degree: …+ier
Comparative degree: more …
Superlative degree: …+est Superlative degree: …+iest
Superlative degree: the most …
(comparative +) (comparative +)
(comparative +)
• He goes higher than she (does). • She usually comes earlier then I
(do). • I drink more seldom then you.
• I worked faster than you (do). • She walks easier.
• We study more properly.
• They speak English easier. (superlative +)
• She reads the book more carefully.
• I play longer than you.
(comparative -)
• He woke up (the) earli0est this
(comparative -) morning.
• He doesn’t live more happily then we.
• She doesn’t work harder than any of us. • It will be the easiest question.
• They didn’t drive more slowly.
• I won’t come earlier than any of them.
• They dove less carefully.
• He didn’t learn longer than I (do).
(superlative +)
(superlative +)
• She sings (the) most brightly among them.
• She eats (the) slowest among them.
• I drive (the) most quickly.
• I enjoyed (the) longest day in my life.
• We will win it (the) most simply.
Exceptions – comparative form Exceptions – superlative form
• She sings worse then he. • She sings (the) worst.
• I speak English better than you. • I speak English best of all.
• They live farther then their parents. • They live (the) farthest among
them.
• We will work further. • He will go (the) furthest.
• They drank less yesterday. • They drank least of all yesterday.
• We spent more money than you. • I earn (the) most among us.
(?) (?)
(?)
• Does she speak English better than I • Does she learn easier?
• Does he borrow money more often this
(do)? • Did he come earlier?
year?
• Do you study harder than she? (special ?)
• Do you drive more carefully than she
• Did we run faster?
(does)?
• Who works easier?
• Will he earn more than any of us?
• Did he dress more quickly?
• Why did they wake up earlier?
• Do you sing (the) best?
• Will we run (the) most slowly?
• When will you come the earliest?
• Does he eat most of all?
(special ?)
• Did they come (the) latest?

• Who loses money more simply?

(special ?)
• Who will play more brightly?
• Who played tennis better?
• Who spoke more proudly?
• Who reads less?
• Who came (the) most silently?
• Who will sing (the) best?
• Why did he cook more carefully then she?
• Why does she answer faster?
• When will she behave more properly?

Countable nouns Non-countable nouns

(comparative +) (comparative +)
Note!
• He has a better house than I (have). • He has better life than we
(have). Adverbs (mostly adverbs of manner and some
• She had more friends. • They will have more money.
adverbs of other types) can form degrees of
• We have fewer problems than you • I had less time than you (had).
comparison in the same way as adjectives.
(have). • We had much more work than they
• I will have many more things than you. (had).
The comparative degree of adverbs is used
• She has as many kids as I have. • I have as much glory as she
(has). more widely than the superlative degree. The
• You will have far fewer enemies. • We had much less freedom.
definite article (the) before the superlative form

of adverbs is often omitted.

(superlative +) (superlative +)
• She had the best books in the class. • I have the best future among
them. Note!
• We have the worst incomes. • He has the worst time with her.
• Some adjectives and adverbs have the same

form: bad, high, fast , hard, low, etc.

(?) (?)
• Article (the) is optional in superlative form.
• Did he have a better holiday yesterday? • Do you have less money then she?
• In spoken English you can say “She speaks
• Do they have fewer thoughts than we? • Did she have more work?
better than me/him/her/us/them”. But in
(special ?) (special ?)
formal – “She speaks better than I/he/she/
• Who has more cars? • Who will have better memory?
we/they”
• Who had a worse house? • Who has the worst voice?
16. Conditional One - Statements
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

=
very
right wrong
am too
married single
I --------
ready funny
a bit
am not
busy free
quite

here there
is
He
new old
-------- right wrong
She
isn’t married single

be sad merry
ready late
in love at school
busy free
in a hurry at work
We are
in despair at home
You -------- here there
new old
in debt at Jon’s
They aren’t
sad merry
in Paris on duty

in China on leave

in prison on pension
I
he (won’t)
she
If , it will
we
you
When they

(a) few (a) little

Even if
As soon as
(too) many (too) much
Once a (n) house +s
a (n) +s
=
car money
In case fault +
a lot of asset time
problem
enough kid power
Till
I have idea
house desire
Until thought
some
We --------
fault glory
While You don’t job
problem future
Unless have choice
They
have question joy

doubt luck
money -
enough friend progress
He has time
thing success
-------- power
some debt freedom
She
doesn’t
any idea wine
It desire
have
glory
enemy bread
future
thought sugar
work
job love

do drink sell
=
go speak pay

come sing spend

meet sleep lend

I ...
see teach feed
live sell
We --------
study pay
eat learn read
You don’t
They ... work spend
leave lose write
love lend
hate feed
live play smoke
. . . +s earn read
study invite divorce
 He warn teach
work promise respect
--------
She
love borrow cure
doesn’t
It
...
hate travel envy

ask wait (for) look (at)

warn refuse laugh (at)

17. Conditional One - Questions
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

right wrong
married single
=
ready funny
very

am too
busy free
I --------
here there
a bit

am not
new old
quite
Why be sad merry

He

is
in love at school
-------- right wrong
What
She
in a hurry at work
isn’t married single
When in despair at home
ready late
in debt at Jon’s
We are busy free
Where
here there
in Paris on duty
You --------
How in China on leave
They aren’t new old
in prison on pension
sad merry

?
I
(a) few (a) little
a (n) house +s
he
she (too) many (too) much
fault

=
will it
 we
+ a (n)
a lot of
car
+s
money , if
problem

idea
asset time
thought
you
I have
(won’t) they enough kid power when
We -------- job
some house desire
You don’t choice
even if
fault glory
They have
problem future as soon as
once
money
have question joy

time
doubt luck in case
has
- friend progress
He power
enough till
-------- desire
thing success
She
Who will until
doesn’t
some
It glory
debt freedom
have
any while
future
idea wine
unless
work
enemy bread
thought sugar
job love

do drink sell
go speak pay

=
come sing spend
meet sleep lend
see teach feed
I ...
 eat learn read
live sell

We --------
leave lose write
You don’t study pay

They ... work spend

live play smoke
love lend
study invite divorce
hate feed
work promise respect
. . . +s earn read

He warn teach
love borrow cure
--------

She
hate travel envy
doesn’t

It
ask wait (for) look (at)
...
warn refuse laugh (at)
18. Conditional One – Other Cases
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses

dance
live
cook
play
I I lie

happy angry
we don’t we look (at)
you walk
single nervous
you

busy upset
If they like(s) the way they kiss
sing

be free in trouble
he he
there in despair
doesn’t speak
she she teach +s
clever in danger
one one ran
merry sad
swim
sleep
feed

a serious job

good health

great fame

nice future
near

have easy life

I
away
clear choice
he
here
fine taste
she
don’t
be free
rich
, it
will bad luck
we
ready
let lazy
you
(won’t)
I they
invite
help(to)
we make me a (n) kid +s
praise
you her house
wait (for)
want
him
refuse
If they ask
tell
us to have car
money

force

me

her
he +s you
offer
see happiness
him
she them
advise
hear love
us
one
tell
feel
buy you
do run
go draw
teach them
doesn’t come leave
pay
smile walk
warn
shout stay
prefer
breath argue
hire
cry laugh
fire

+ing

love

joy

luck

time

money
success
rain
freedom
snow
water
freeze
a lot of

snow
If it
melt +s will
, there (won’t)
be

plenty of ice
happen
enough thing
get dark
+s
doesn’t
some hope
get warmer

idea
get colder

dream
Grammar Templates’ Keys
Simple Tenses

Simple Tenses
16-18. CONDITIONAL 1. Real condition in future - it's used to talk about things
which might happen in the future.

(+/-) (+/-)
(+/-)
• If you are right, she will be very happy. • If I have a lot of money, I
will be happy. • If I sell a car, I won’t be in debt.
• If she is busy tomorrow, I will be at work • If he has a problem, he won’t
be at • If you eat well, you will be healthy.
• If you are single, you will have a lot of home.
• If you spend money, you won’t have a
free time. • If you have no time, you won’t
have bright future.
• If she is rich, she will have enough things. much freedom.
• If she earns a lot, she will have a lot of
• If we are in a hurry, we will work faster. • If they have some debts, they
will have a friends.
• Even if she is married, I will love her. lot of questions.
• If you live near, you will come earlier.
• When he is back, he will tell me about his • If I have enough progress in
English, I will • If they read more, they will speak better.
journey. work for Apple.
• If it rains tomorrow, I won’t come.
• Till you are here, I will go to the shop. • If she has a job, she will
invite us to the • When you come, I will feed you.
• Until we are not clever, we won’t earn party.
• As soon as she divorce him, we will get
much money. • Till you have no friends, you
won’t have married.
• Once everybody is happy, I will have success in life.
• Once they see hem, they will offer him a
success. • While you don’t have much
power, they job.
• Even if you are in trouble, she will love will teach you.
• In case you are ill, we will help you.
you. • Unless I have some wine, I
will be rather • Till she is away, I will take care of her
• Unless he is hungry, he will walk further. sober.
dog.

• Until he comes back, she will have free

time.
No comma: No comma:
No comma:
• She will be happy if you are at home. • We will warn you if she has
problems. • I will come if you are in trouble.
• I will be there if she comes in time • I will hate her if she has
more lovers. • She will love him if he is rich.

(?) (?)
(?)
• Will you be sad, if she is not here? • Will you have enough courage,
when she • Will we travel a lot, while the weather is
• Will she be in love with me, if I am not is free?
good?
rich? • Will he have too much desire,
as soon as • Won’t she invite me, even if I am not
• Will they be ready, if they have no she enters the room?
very polite?
future? • Will they have some wine, in
case they • Will she refuse him, if he has no future?
• Will you be right, if we don’t have any meet friends?
• Will we play the piano, if they have a DJ?
questions? • Won’t you have much glory, in
case they • Will he wait for me, until I finish my
• Will she be in despair, if he wastes all hire you?
work?
money? • Won’t I have many enemies,
when I • Will we learn English, if we don’t go to
• Will you be lucky, if she promises you a start a new project?
the United States?
great love?
• Won’t I am glad, once she promises me
to be with me?
(special ?) (special ?)
(special ?)
• Who will be at home, when she comes? • Who will have a house, if it
is cold? • Who will be in China, when everybody is
• Who will be ready, when we are there? • Who will have many assets, if
there is no ill?
• Why will they be happy, if I am not right? money?
• Who will study well, if we have no
• What will you have, if you have a lot of • Who will have happiness, if
she doesn’t money?
time? smoke?
• How will you teach us, if you don’t know
• When will he look at me, if I am in the red • Why will I have a dog, if I
don’t like to English?
dress? walk?
• Where will you live, if you divorce him?
• Where will she be, if she has not any
• When will they work, as soon as we hire
desire?
them?

Other cases
• If you like the way she dances, she • If she let me be free, I will
prefer her to my wife. • If it rains, there will be a lot of water.
will be nervous. • If they don’t help her (to) have
a house, she will • If it snows, there won’t be enough
• If he likes the way I sing, I will refuse them.
joy.
have a great future. • If you want me to be rich, you
will advise me. • If it doesn’t frees, there won’t be
• If you don’t like the way he • If she asks him to have a kid, he
will force her to much ice.
speaks, we won’t buy his book. be healthy.
• If it happens, I will offer him to leave.
• If he doesn’t like the way she • If she sees me coming, they will
have an easy • If it gets colder, they will be cold.
looks at him, she won’t have a life.
• If it doesn’t get dark, we will go for a
serious job. • If I feel you crying, I will give
you a candy. walk.
• If she hears me laughing at her,
I will be in
danger.