-2* 1 = 4*4 + c
-2 = 16 + c
c = -18
Equation of a straight line -2y = 4x – 18
Dividing both sides by 2
-y = 2x – 18
Transposing (prava%ya- yaaojayaot\)
2x + y – 18 = 0 (Required equation of a straight line)
LENGTH OF PERPENDICULAR
X’ O Q X
Y’
When a distance from a given point on given line is require then triplets of line and
point are involved in determination of perpendicular distance on the line from given
point.
The difference between triplets of line i.e. BOQ and point i.e. POQ will
determine triplet for BOP from which the perpendicular distance on given line from
given point can be determined. Perpendicular distance is calculated by dividing 2 nd
element of new triplet with 3rd element of line triplet. As it is a distance its value will
be modulus i. e. always ‘+ve’.
OP is the common hypotenuse of POQ and BOP
280
e.g. Find the length of perpendicular from point (3, 4) on the line 2y = x
T (line) = T (l) = (2, 1, 5
T (point) =T (p) = (3, 4, -------)
T (l – p) = (2*3 + 1*4, 3*1 – 4*2, -----------)
T (l – p) = (10, -5, -------)
Divide 2nd element of new triplet i.e. (- 5) by 3rd element of line triplet i.e. 5 to get
length of perpendicular. As it is distance it is always ‘+ve’.
p = -5
p= 5 units
e.g. Find the length of perpendicular from point (-2, 3) on the line 3x – 4y – 5 = 0
Equation of line 4y = 3x – 5
Coordinates of point = (-2, 3)
As intercept of line on ‘Y’ axis is (-5) hence it is not passing through origin.
If x = 3 is put in the equation then y = 1 i.e. point (3, 1) lies on the line. Transpose
origin to (3, 1) applying ‘prava%ya- yaaojayaot\,sutra.
Point (-2, 3) is transposed to (-2-3, 3-1) i.e. (-5, 2)
Equation of line 4y = 3x – 5
New coordinates of point = (-5, 2)
T (l) = (4, 3, 5)
T (p) = (-5, 2, -----)
T (l – p) = (4*-5 + 3*2, -5*3 – 2*4, -------)
= (-14, -23, --------)
281
Length of perpendicular (p) = -23
p = (23 / 5) units
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES
By subtracting triplets of two given lines, triplet for angle between these lines is
obtained. As slope (tan or m) is considered in obtaining angle between these lines,
the absolute terms are ignored. If value of slope (tan or m) is a positive quantity then
angle between two lines is acute angle, if value of slope (tan or m) is a negative
quantity then angle between two lines is obtuse angle. If value of slope (tan or m) is
( ) then angle between two lines is a right angle.
e.g. Find the angle between lines
3x – y + 2 = 0 and 3y + x = 7
Equations are brought to standard form y = mx + c
Transposing (prava%ya- yaaojayaot\ sutra)
(l1) y = 3x + 2 --------------------------- (1)
(l2) 3y = -x + 7 ---------------------------- (2)
Applying ]Qva-itya-gByaama\sutra
T (l1) 1 3 10 1 3 10 1 3 10
T (l2) 3 -1 10 3 -1 10 3 -1 10
T (l1 - l2) = [(1*3 + 3*-1), (3*3 – 1*-1), 10)]
= (0, 10, 10)
Dividing by 10
T (l1 - l2) = (0, 1, 1)
tan (l1 - l2) = 1/0 =
(l1 - l2) = tan-1( ) = 900 Angle between two lines = 900
282
EXERCISE–
Using triplets of a line find equation of line passing through following two points.
(1) (0, 0) & (4, 5) (2) (2,-1) & (-2,-3) (3) (5, 12) & (15, 8)
Find the equation of line passing through a point (3, -2) and parallel to y-axis.
Find the equation of a line parallel to x-axis and passing through a point (3,4)
Find an equation of a line passing through origin and making angle of 300 with x-axis
Find acute angle between the lines x + y – 5 = 0 and 2x – y + 7 = 0
Find the distance between two parallel lines x + y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 3y + 11 = 0
Show that lines 3y = 4x -3 and 12y = -9x + 4 are perpendicular
Show that lines 4x + 3y = 4 and 16x + 12y = 7 are parallel
Find the length of perpendicular from a point (2, 3) on line y = 4x
Find the length of perpendicular from origin on line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0
The acute angle made by the line x + y = 9 with x-axis.
Find the equation of a line joining origin and a point (2, -5)
General Equation of a line => Ax +By+ C = 0
By = - Ax –C
Dividing by ‘B’
y = - A/B *x – C/B
But y = mx +c
m = - A/B and c = - C/B
The equation Ax +By+ C = 0 represents a straight line cutting off an intercept – C/B
from ‘Y’ axis and inclined at an angle tan-1(- A/B) to ‘X’ axis.
If intercept on ‘x’ axis is ‘0’ then y = constant
y = 0x +c
1=0+1
T (l) parallel to ‘x’ axis = (1, 0, 1)
If intercept on ‘y’ axis is ‘0’ then x = constant
0 = -1 + 1
T (l) parallel to ‘y’ axis = (0, -1, 1)
283
