“Orchestrate Redshift ETL using AWS Glue and Step Functions”

A Project Report Submitted to

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya

Towards Partial Fulfillment for the Award of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science & Information Technology

Submitted by: Guided by:

Aditya Chouhan (0827CT191005) Manoj Kumar Gupta
Khushi Soni (0827CT191026) Assistant Professor
Nikhil Soni (0827CT191032) CSIT Department

Acropolis Institute of Technology & Research, Indore

Jan- June 2023
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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2019-2023

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in this project
entitled “Orchestrate Redshift ETL using AWS Glue and Step
Functions” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree
of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Information
Technology, is authentic record of work carried out by me.

Place: CSIT, Indore Signature of Student

Date: Student Name-

Aditya Chouhan (0827CT191005)

Khushi Soni (0827CT191026)
Nikhil Soni(0827CT191032)

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2019-2023

RECOMMENDATION

This is to certify that the work embodied in this project entitled “CyDEV-A
Security Shield” submitted by Sahil Dubey (0827CO191049), Saransh Jain
(0827CO191051) & Rashida Jawadwala (0827CO191045) is a satisfactory
account of the bonafide work done under the supervision of Prof. Nidhi Nigam is
recommended towards partial fulfillment for the award of the Bachelor of
Technology in Computer Science & Information Technology degree by Rajiv
Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal.

Project Guide Project Coordinator

Prof. Nidhi Nigam Prof. Vandana Kate

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2019-2023

CERTIFICATE
The Project entitled “CyDEV-A Security Shield” submitted by Sahil
Dubey (0827CO191049), Saransh Jain (0827CO191051) & Rashida
Jawadwala (0827CO191045) has been examined and is hereby approved
towards partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Engineering, for which it has been submitted. It is understood
that by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve
any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but
approve the project only for the purpose for which it has been submitted.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: Date:

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2019-2023

STUDENT UNDERTAKING
This is to certify that the project entitled “CyDEV-A Security Shield” has
been developed by us under the supervision of Prof. Nidhi NIgamThe
whole responsibility of work done in this project is ours. The sole intention
of this work is only for practical learning and research.
We further declare that to the best of our knowledge, this report does not
contain any part of any work which has been submitted for the award of any
degree either in this University or in any other University / Deemed
University without proper citation and if the same work found then we are
liable for explanation to this.

Sahil Dubey Saransh Jain Rashida Jawadwala

Date: Date: Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank the almighty Lord for giving me the strength and courage to sail out through
the tough and reach on shore safely.
We owe a debt of sincere gratitude, deep sense of reverence and respect to our guide
Prof. Nidhi Nigam and mentor Prof. Vandana Kate, AITR, Indore for their motivation,
sagacious guidance, constant encouragement, vigilant supervision and valuable critical
appreciation throughout this project work, which helped us to successfully complete the
project on time.
We express profound gratitude and heartfelt thanks to Prof. (Dr.) Shilpa Bhalerao HOD
CSIT, AITR Indore for her support, suggestion and inspiration for carrying out this
project. We would be failing in our duty if do not acknowledge the support and guidance
received from Prof. (Dr.) S. C. Sharma, Director, AITR, Indore whenever needed. We
take opportunity to convey my regards to the Management of Acropolis Institute,
Indore for extending academic and administrative support and providing us all necessary
facilities for project to achieve our objectives.
We are grateful to our parent and family members who have always loved and supported
us unconditionally.

Sahil Dubey Saransh Jain Rashida Jawadwala

Enrollment No: Enrollment No: Enrollment No:

(0827CO191049) (0827CO191051) (082CO191045)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION I
RECOMMENDATION II
CERTIFICATE III
STUDENT UNDERTAKING IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V
ABSTRACT VI
CONTENTS VII
List of Figures VIII
List of Tables IX
List of Abbreviations X
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Existing System 1
1.3 Problem Statement 2
1.4 Proposed System 2
1.5 Need and Scope 2
1.6 Report Organization 2
Chapter 2: Literature Survey 4
2.1 Study 5
2.2 Problem Methodology 6
2.3 Software Engineering Paradigm 7
2.4 Software Development Life Cycle: 9
2.5 Technology Methodology 9
2.6 Hardware Requirements 10

Chapter 3: Analysis 11

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3.1 Identification of System Requirements 11

3.2 Functional Requirements 11
3.3 Non-Functional Requirement 11
3.4 Feasibility Study 11
3.4.1 Technical Feasibility
3.4.2 Financial Feasibility
3.4.3 Operational Feasibility
Chapter 4: Project Planning 12
Chapter 5: Design 14
5.1 Introduction to UML
5.2 UML Diagrams
5.2.1 Use Case Diagram
5.2.2 Class Diagram
5.2.3 Sequence Diagram
5.2.4.ER Diagram
5.2.5 Activity Diagram
Chapter 6: Implementation 16
6.1 Coding(Main Module)
6.2 Results: Screen Shots
Chapter 7: Testing 17
7.1 Testing Objectives
Chapter 8: Conclusion 19
8.1 Conclusion
8.2 Future Work
References 20

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ABSTRACT

The orchestration of Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) processes is a critical part

of modern data processing pipelines, especially for large-scale datasets. This
project explores the use of AWS Glue and Step Functions to orchestrate
Redshift ETL processes, providing a highly scalable, reliable, and cost-effective
solution for data processing.

AWS Glue is a fully managed ETL service that can extract data from various
sources, transform it, and load it into a data store, while AWS Step Functions is
a serverless workflow service that enables the coordination and execution of
multiple AWS services. By combining these two services, users can build a
flexible and powerful ETL pipeline for Redshift that can handle large volumes
of data and complex processing requirements.

This project provides a detailed overview of the architecture, design, and

implementation of an ETL pipeline using AWS Glue and Step Functions,
including the use of Redshift as the target data store. The project also covers the
testing and validation of the ETL pipeline, as well as potential future work to
extend and enhance the pipeline's functionality.

Overall, this project provides a practical guide for users interested in building
highly scalable and efficient ETL pipelines using AWS Glue and Step Functions,
with a particular focus on the Redshift data store. By leveraging the power and
flexibility of these AWS services, users can drive insights and value from their
data in a reliable and cost-effective manner

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Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Overview
In this project report, we will discuss how to orchestrate an ETL process using AWS
Glue and AWS Step Functions for Redshift database. AWS Glue is a fully managed
ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) service that makes it easy to move data between data
stores. AWS Step Functions is a serverless workflow service that lets you coordinate
distributed applications and microservices using visual workflows. We will create an
ETL process that extracts data from an S3 bucket, transforms it using a Glue job, and
loads it into a Redshift database using a Glue connection.

1.2 Existing System

First, let's start with AWS Glue, which is a fully managed ETL (Extract, Transform,
and Load) service that makes it easy to move data between data stores. You can use
AWS Glue to extract data from a variety of sources, transform it into a format that is
suitable for analysis, and load it into Redshift for further processing. Here are the
steps involved in using AWS Glue to extract, transform, and load data into Redshift:

1.2Problem Statement
The problem statement for this project is to build an ETL pipeline for extracting data
from various sources, transforming it, and loading it into Amazon Redshift. The pipeline
should be orchestrated using AWS Glue and Step Functions. The data sources could
include various databases, S3 buckets, and other third-party sources. The data will
need to be cleaned, validated, and transformed to meet the requirements of the target
schema in Redshift.

The target Redshift database will need to be created if it does not already exist, and the
schema and tables will need to be defined based on the business requirements. The ETL pipeline

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will need to ensure that the data is loaded into the correct tables with the correct data types and
constraints. AWS Glue will be used to create and manage the data catalog and define the ETL
jobs that will transform the data. AWS Glue will also be responsible for executing the ETL
jobs and loading the transformed data into Redshift.

1.4 Proposed System

The proposed system involves using AWS Glue and Step Functions to orchestrate ETL processes
for Amazon Redshift. Here's a high-level overview of how the system works:

1. Data sources: Data is collected from various sources like AWS S3, RDS or any other
external source.
2. AWS Glue: AWS Glue is used to create and manage ETL workflows. AWS Glue
crawlers scan the data sources to infer schema and partitioning, and then generate ETL
scripts to transform the data. AWS Glue jobs then execute these scripts on the data and
load it into Amazon Redshift.
3. Amazon Redshift: Amazon Redshift is a fully managed data warehouse service. It stores
the transformed data in a columnar format and provides fast querying capabilities.
4. AWS Step Functions: AWS Step Functions is used to orchestrate the ETL workflows. It
provides a visual workflow editor to design and execute workflows as a series of steps.
Each step can invoke AWS Glue jobs to transform and load data.

The proposed system can be implemented using the following steps:

Step 1: Set up data sources and configure AWS Glue Crawlers to scan them.

Step 2: Create AWS Glue jobs to transform data and load it into Amazon Redshift.

Step 3: Define the ETL workflow using AWS Step Functions. This involves defining the steps in
the workflow and configuring the Glue jobs to be executed at each step.

Step 4: Run the ETL workflow using AWS Step Functions. The workflow executes the Glue jobs
in the order specified and loads the data into Amazon Redshift.

Step 5: Monitor the ETL process and troubleshoot any issues that arise.

Overall, this system provides an efficient and scalable way to orchestrate ETL processes for
Amazon Redshift using AWS Glue and Step Functions.

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1.5 Need and Scope

Organizations need to extract, transform, and load (ETL) large volumes of data from
various sources into their data warehouse to make informed business decisions. Amazon
Redshift is a popular data warehousing solution that provides petabyte-scale data
warehousing at a low cost. AWS Glue is a fully managed extract, transform, and load
(ETL) service that makes it easy to move data between data stores. AWS Step Functions
is a serverless workflow service that lets you coordinate AWS services and build
serverless workflows using visual workflows.The need of the project is to use these AWS
services to orchestrate the ETL process in a more efficient and automated way.

Scope:
The scope of the project is to use AWS Glue and Step Functions to create a serverless
ETL pipeline that extracts data from various sources, transforms it, and loads it into
Amazon Redshift. The project will involve the following steps:

1. Design and define the ETL workflow using AWS Step Functions. This will involve
defining the states, transitions, and inputs/outputs of the workflow.
2. Use AWS Glue to extract data from various sources, such as S3, RDS, or other
databases, and transform it using Apache Spark. The transformed data can be stored
in a variety of formats, such as Parquet, ORC, or JSON.

3. Use AWS Glue to load the transformed data into Amazon Redshift. This can be done
using either the COPY command or the Redshift Spectrum feature.

4. Monitor the ETL workflow using AWS CloudWatch and log the execution details.
This will help in identifying any issues or bottlenecks in the ETL pipeline.

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1.6 Report Organisation

● Chapter 1 states the overview of the project with discussing about the

discussing about the existing systems in today’s scenario. Describing about

the problem statement we are facing about the system. We have given our
proposed solution considering all the shortcoming of the previously used
system.

● Chapter 2 states the literature survey i.e. the background details of our system

including the software engineering paradigm and explaining about the

technologies ( Software and Hardware requirement ) which we have used
building the system.

● Chapter 3 states about the Analysis of the whole system i.e. identification of

system requirement about the feasibility study-Technical Feasibility, Financial

Feasibility, operational Feasibility.

● Chapter 4 states about the Design of the whole system including all the UML

diagrams all the tools used with ER Diagram and Data Flow Diagram and
Data Dictionary.

● Chapter 5 states about the whole code of the system, java code ,

typescript ,html ,css scripts and its integration and adaptability.

● Chapter 6 states the Testing phase of our system all the different testing

methods and strategies and we have run test cases.

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● Chapter 7 states the conclusion of the whole system explaining the

advancement of our project in future.

● References: The books, websites, journals, blogs which we have referred.

Chapter 2: Literature Survey

2.1 Study
1. As we all know that in many areas customized application software’s are required
to solve organisational day to day activities.

2. Such customization is framed with help of completed domain analysis of the

functionalities performed at organisation at regular basis which can be solve with help
of application software by reducing manual efforts.

3. Among the difficulties faced by people of organisation by lots of paper work and
searching for data, arranging them and solving complaints, some centralised solutions
needed in such busy environment.

4. This kind of application software’s is ready to welcome to automate the process to

reduce manpower and time consumed for that manual process.

5. The main aim is to satisfy the user of application and also reduce time spent on
the manual process which is to complete the cycle of registering complaints,
processing it and reaching to solutions.

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6. Our ultimate motto is to mitigate the time consumption in processing of

complaints and eliminate the paper work of searching/ sorting for information from
distributed places, thereby accomplishing both organisation user and complainant
citizen demands.

2.2 Problem Methodology

The problem methodology statement for orchestrating Redshift ETL using AWS Glue
and Step Functions project can be framed as follows:
There is a need to automate and streamline the process of extracting data from various
sources, transforming it, and loading it into Amazon Redshift for further analysis. The
current process of ETL is manual and time-consuming, which leads to delays in data
availability and increased operational costs.
To address this problem, the project aims to use AWS Glue and AWS Step Functions to
orchestrate the ETL process for Amazon Redshift. The goal is to create a scalable and
fault-tolerant ETL pipeline that can handle large volumes of data from different sources,
perform data transformations, and load it into Amazon Redshift in a timely and cost-
effective manner.
The project will involve the following tasks:

Designing and implementing the ETL process using AWS Glue and Step Functions
Integrating various data sources and defining the data schema
Creating data transformation jobs to clean, validate, and enrich the data
Loading the transformed data into Amazon Redshift
Monitoring and troubleshooting the ETL pipeline to ensure data accuracy and consistency
The successful completion of this project will enable the organization to have a reliable
and efficient ETL pipeline for Amazon Redshift, which will lead to faster access to
insights and better decision-making capabilities.

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2.3 Software Engineering Paradigm

The orchestration of Redshift ETL using AWS Glue and Step Functions project can be
implemented using the Agile software engineering paradigm. Agile is an iterative and
incremental approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration,
and rapid delivery.

The project can be divided into several sprints, each focusing on a specific set of tasks.
During each sprint, the team can work on designing, implementing, and testing different
aspects of the ETL pipeline. The Agile approach allows for continuous feedback and
improvement, which is crucial for ensuring that the final product meets the requirements
and expectations of stakeholders.

Using Agile, the team can prioritize tasks based on their importance and complexity, and
ensure that they are completed within the allotted time frame. The Agile approach also
allows for greater collaboration between team members and stakeholders, which can lead
to a better understanding of the project's goals and requirements.

To implement the Agile approach, the project team can use tools such as user stories,
sprint planning, sprint retrospectives, and daily stand-up meetings. These tools can help
the team to stay on track and ensure that the project is progressing according to plan.

In summary, the Agile software engineering paradigm can be used to implement the
orchestration of Redshift ETL using AWS Glue and Step Functions project. This
approach allows for flexibility, collaboration, and rapid delivery, which are essential for
the success of the project.

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2.4 Software Development Life Cycle

The software development life cycle (SDLC) for orchestrating Redshift ETL using AWS
Glue and Step Functions project can be broken down into the following stages:

Planning: In this stage, the project team defines the project goals, requirements, and
scope. The team also identifies the resources needed for the project, such as personnel,
hardware, and software.

Analysis: In this stage, the team analyzes the data sources and determines the data
schema for each source. The team also identifies any data quality issues that need to be
addressed.

Design: In this stage, the team designs the ETL pipeline using AWS Glue and Step
Functions. This includes defining the data flow, transformation logic, and error handling
procedures.

Implementation: In this stage, the team implements the ETL pipeline using AWS Glue
and Step Functions. This includes writing code, configuring services, and testing the
pipeline.

Testing: In this stage, the team tests the ETL pipeline to ensure that it meets the project
requirements. This includes functional testing, performance testing, and load testing.

Deployment: In this stage, the team deploys the ETL pipeline to the production
environment. This includes configuring security, monitoring, and backup procedures.

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Maintenance: In this stage, the team maintains the ETL pipeline by monitoring its
performance, addressing any issues, and making updates as needed.

To ensure that the project is completed successfully, it is important to follow each stage
of the SDLC and to maintain good communication between team members and
stakeholders. Additionally, the use of automated testing and deployment tools can help to
streamline the SDLC and reduce the risk of errors or delays
2.5 Technology Methodology
The technology methodology for orchestrating Redshift ETL using AWS Glue and Step
Functions project can be based on the following:

Cloud-native: The project can be designed and implemented using cloud-native

technologies and methodologies. This means leveraging the features and benefits of the
AWS Cloud, including scalability, elasticity, and security.

Agile: The project can follow an Agile methodology for software development, as
discussed earlier. This approach allows for iterative and incremental development,
continuous feedback, and rapid delivery.

DevOps: The project can follow a DevOps methodology, which emphasizes collaboration
and automation between development and operations teams. This approach can help to
streamline the ETL pipeline and reduce the time and effort required for deployment and
maintenance.

Infrastructure as Code (IaC): The project can use IaC tools such as AWS CloudFormation
or AWS CDK to define and manage the AWS resources required for the ETL pipeline.
This approach can help to ensure consistency and reproducibility of the infrastructure,
reduce manual errors, and simplify the deployment process.

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Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): The project can use CI/CD

tools such as AWS CodePipeline to automate the testing and deployment of the ETL
pipeline. This approach can help to reduce the risk of errors and increase the speed and
efficiency of the deployment process.

In summary, the technology methodology for orchestrating Redshift ETL using AWS
Glue and Step Functions project can be based on cloud-native, Agile, DevOps, IaC, and
CI/CD methodologies. By following these methodologies, the project team can leverage
the benefits of AWS services and tools to design, implement, and deploy a scalable,
reliable, and cost-effective ETL pipeline for Redshift.

2.4.1 Hardware Requirements

The used hardware for development of application system:
Processor – 1.9 (GHz) x64-bit dual core processor with SSE2 instruction set to 3.3
(GHz) x64-bit dual core processor with SSE2 instruction set.

Memory - 2-GB RAM to 4-GB RAM or more.

Network - Greater than 50KBps

AWS, Windows 8 and higher operating system.

2.4.2 Software Requirements

The required software for development environment:
AWS Account, AWS Glue, AWS Step Functions, AWS Redshift, AWS S3, AWS IAM, AWS
CloudFormation , AWS CDK, Programing Language, Integrated Development Environment, Source
Control Management.

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Chapter 3: Analysis
3.1 Identification of System Requirements-
Processor – 1.9 (GHz) x64-bit dual core processor with SSE2 instruction set
to 3.3 (GHz) x64-bit dual core processor with SSE2 instruction set.
Memory - 2-GB RAM to 4-GB RAM or more.
Network - Greater than 50KBps

3.2 Functional Requirements

Data Extraction, Data Transformation, Data Loading , Workflow
orchestration, Job Scheduling, Data Validation, Security,
Monitoring and Logging.

3.3 Non-Functional Requirement

Reliability, Availability, Scalability, Performance, Security, Cost-
effectiveness.
3.4 Feasibility Study
3.4.1 Technical Feasibility-
AWS Glue is a fully managed ETL service provided by AWS that
can extract, transform, and load data to and from various data sources,
including Redshift.
AWS Step Functions is a fully managed service that allows you to coordinate

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and sequence multiple AWS services, including AWS Glue, to build and
orchestrate complex workflows for ETL processes.
AWS Glue supports various data sources, including relational databases, flat
files, and NoSQL databases, making it flexible and adaptable to different data
sources.
AWS Glue also supports various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, and
Parquet, and can convert data from one format to another as needed.
AWS Glue can automatically generate ETL code in Python, Scala, and Java,
making it easy to use for developers who are familiar with these programming
languages.
AWS Step Functions provides robust error handling and retry logic, which
ensures that the ETL process runs smoothly and reliably.
AWS Glue and Step Functions can integrate seamlessly with other AWS
services, such as Amazon S3, AWS Lambda, and Amazon CloudWatch,
providing a comprehensive and powerful solution for ETL processes.
3.4.2 Financial Feasibility
The financial feasibility of this project will depend on the specific needs and
requirements of the organization, as well as the volume and complexity of the
data being processed, while there may be some financial costs associated with
using AWS Glue and Step Functions to orchestrate Redshift ETL, the pay-as-
you-go pricing model and potential cost savings from automation and
optimization can make this project financially feasible for many organizations.
3.4.3 Operational Feasibility
The operational feasibility of orchestrating Redshift ETL using AWS Glue
and Step Functions requires careful planning, execution, and ongoing
management. Organizations should ensure that they have the necessary skills,
resources, and processes in place to operate and maintain the ETL processes
effectively.

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Chapter 4: Project Planning

Project planning is critical for successfully orchestrating
Redshift ETL using AWS Glue and Step Functions. Here
are some steps that organizations can take to plan their
project effectively:

Define Project Scope: Define the scope of the project by

identifying the data sources, the data flow, the processing
requirements, and the data destination. This will help to
determine the specific requirements for the AWS Glue and
Step Functions workflows.

Identify Project Team: Identify the project team, including

stakeholders, project manager, architects, developers, and
administrators. Determine the roles and responsibilities of
each team member and ensure that they have the necessary
skills and resources to perform their tasks.

Develop Project Schedule: Develop a project schedule that

outlines the project phases, timelines, and milestones. This
will help to track progress and ensure that the project is
completed on time.

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Determine Resource Requirements: Determine the AWS

resources required to support the ETL workflows, including
compute, storage, and network resources. Determine the
cost of these resources and ensure that they fit within the
project budget.

Design ETL Workflows: Design the ETL workflows using

AWS Glue and Step Functions. Determine the data
transformations, data validations, and data loading
requirements. Ensure that the workflows are scalable,
reliable, and optimized for performance.

Test ETL Workflows: Test the ETL workflows using

sample data to ensure that they are working as expected.
Validate the data quality, data consistency, and data
accuracy during testing.

Deploy ETL Workflows: Deploy the ETL workflows to the

production environment. Monitor the workflows to ensure
that they are operating correctly.

Document the Project: Document the project, including

project plans, design documents, deployment guides, and
operational procedures. Ensure that the documentation is
comprehensive and up-to-date.

Training and Support: Provide training to the project team

on the use of AWS Glue and Step Functions. Develop a

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support plan that includes ongoing maintenance,

troubleshooting, and upgrades.

Chapter 5: Design
5.1 Introduction to UML
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized
notation used in software engineering to model and
visualize software systems. It includes a variety of diagrams
that can be used to represent different aspects of the system
being developed. For a project involving orchestrating
Redshift ETL using AWS Glue and Step Functions, UML
can be used to model the system architecture and the
interactions between different components.

5.2 UML Diagrams

5.2.1 Use Case Diagram-
This diagram can be used to model the different actors
(such as users or systems) that interact with the ETL system,
and the different use cases (such as running a job or
monitoring progress) that they perform.

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5.2.2 Class Diagram-

This diagram can be used to model the different classes or
objects involved in the ETL process, such as data sources,
data transformations, and Redshift tables. It can help to
identify the relationships and dependencies between
different components.
5.2.3 Sequence Diagram-
This diagram can be used to model the sequence of
interactions between different components of the system,
such as AWS Glue jobs and Step Functions state machines.
It can help to visualize the flow of data and control between
different components.
5.2.4.ER Diagram –
An Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagram is a type of UML
diagram that can be used to represent the entities, attributes,
and relationships in a database. In the context of an ETL
project involving Redshift, an ER diagram can help to
model the data sources, transformations, and Redshift tables

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involved in the ETL process.

5.2.5 Activity Diagram
This diagram can be used to model the different activities
involved in the ETL process, such as extracting data from
sources, transforming it, and loading it into Redshift. It can
also include decision points and loops to represent complex
workflows.

Chapter 6: Implementation
6.1 Coding(Main Module)
To orchestrate Redshift ETL using AWS Glue and Step
Functions, you can use a combination of AWS Glue Jobs
and Step Functions state machines, along with some custom
code to manage the orchestration and data flow between the
different components. Here is an example of how this could
be done:

Define the AWS Glue Jobs: Define the AWS Glue jobs that
will be used to extract, transform, and load data into
Redshift. These jobs can be created using the AWS Glue
console or the AWS Glue API, and should be defined to
read data from the appropriate sources and write data to the
appropriate Redshift tables.

Define the Step Functions State Machine: Define the Step

Functions state machine that will be used to orchestrate the

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AWS Glue jobs. The state machine can be defined using the
AWS Step Functions console or the AWS Step Functions
API, and should be defined to run the AWS Glue jobs in the
appropriate order.

Write the Custom Code: Write the custom code that will be
used to manage the orchestration and data flow between the
different components. This code can be written in any
programming language that is supported by AWS Lambda,
and can be used to perform tasks such as passing data
between AWS Glue jobs and updating the state of the Step
Functions state machine.

Deploy and Test the System: Deploy the AWS Glue jobs,
Step Functions state machine, and custom code using the
appropriate AWS services (such as AWS Lambda and AWS
CloudFormation), and test the system to ensure that it is
working correctly.

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Chapter 7: Testing
7.1 Testing Objectives-
The testing objectives for orchestrating Redshift ETL using
AWS Glue and Step Functions project would typically
include the following:
1. Verify that data is correctly extracted from the data
sources and transformed by the Glue jobs according
to the defined schema and logic.
2. Confirm that the transformed data is correctly loaded
into the target Redshift tables using COPY
commands or other methods.
3. Test the error handling and retry logic of the ETL
process, including handling of network errors, data
validation errors, and other types of exceptions.
4. Verify that the Step Functions state machine is
correctly orchestrating the execution of the Glue
jobs and handling any dependencies or error
conditions between the jobs.
5. Test the performance and scalability of the ETL
process under different data volumes and processing
loads.
6. Validate that the ETL process is running within the
defined AWS cost and resource usage limits, and
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optimize the process to minimize costs and improve

performance if needed

Chapter 8: Conclusion
8.1 Conclusion-
AWS Glue and Step Functions to orchestrate Redshift
ETL can provide a robust, scalable, and cost-effective
solution for processing and transforming large volumes of
data in a variety of use cases. By leveraging Glue's managed
ETL service, users can easily create and manage jobs to
extract, transform, and load data from various sources into
Redshift, while Step Functions provides a flexible and
reliable way to coordinate the execution of these jobs and
handle dependencies, retries, and error handling. Overall, by
using AWS Glue and Step Functions, users can build a
highly automated and scalable ETL pipeline that can handle
a wide range of data volumes and processing requirements,
while minimizing operational overhead and cost
8.2 Future Work-
Some potential future work for orchestrating Redshift ETL
using AWS Glue and Step Functions project could include:

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1. Adding more Glue jobs to handle additional data

sources or data processing requirements.

2. Incorporating data quality checks and data profiling

into the ETL process to ensure that the data is
accurate and consistent.

3. Integrating machine learning or other advanced

analytics tools into the ETL pipeline to generate
insights and predictions from the data.

4. Implementing more sophisticated error handling and

recovery strategies, such as automatic rollback of
failed transactions or automated alerts to operators.

5. Optimizing the ETL pipeline for performance and

cost, such as using more efficient data compression
or implementing data partitioning to improve query
performance.

6. Building custom connectors or integrations with

other AWS services or third-party systems to enable
more complex data processing scenarios.

7. Implementing data security and compliance

measures, such as data encryption or access control
policies, to ensure that the data is protected and
meets regulatory requirements.

Overall, there are many opportunities to enhance and extend

the functionality of the AWS Glue and Step Functions ETL
pipeline to meet evolving business needs and data
processing requirements. By leveraging the flexibility and
scalability of these AWS services, users can build a highly
automated and efficient data processing pipeline that can
drive insights and value for their organizations.

References-

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[1]. Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data

Warehouses Anurag Gupta, Deepak Agarwal, Derek Tan,
Jakub Kulesza, Rahul Pathak, Stefano Stefani, Vidhya
Srinivasan.

[2] Daniel J. Abadi, Samuel R. Madden, and Miguel

Ferreira. Integrating compression and execution in column-
oriented database systems. In Proceedings of the ACM
SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, pages 671–
682, 2006.

[3] https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/orchestrate-
amazon-redshift-based-etl-workflows-with-aws-step-
functions-and-aws-glue/

[4]
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/overview.htm
l

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