Workbook 1

ME 184831 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT

The Relation of
RAM and Maintenance

Dwi Priyanta

Departemen
Teknik Sistem Perkapalan

Rev Feb 23
Contents
1. SYSTEM FUNCTIONABILITY PROFILE ................................................................................. 3
2. RELIABILITY PROFILE OF RESTORABLE SYSTEM ......................................................................................... 6
3. MAINTAINABILITY PROFILE OF RESTORABLE SYSTEM ...............................................................................8
4. AVAILABILITY PROFILE OF RESTORABLE SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 9
5. RAM AND REVENUE .............................................................................................................10
6. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................11

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Brainstorming Icon – You and your group members are required to discuss the given
problems and find the solutions.

Rev Feb 23
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MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT THE RELATION OF RAM AND MAINTENANCE

 1. SYSTEM FUNCTIONABILITY PROFILE

 Read the reading materials provided along with this workbook. Define and discuss with your group
the following definitions:

a. System Functionability
System functionability is the framework capacity to fill a predetermined role as
indicated by the predefined necessities under the predefined working conditions.
b. Non-Restorable System
Non-restorable system is the framework that doesn't have a capacity to
reestablish from the State of Failure (condition of framework that misfortune
capacity to fill the necessary role or the misfortune capacity to fulfill the
predefined necessities).
c. Restorable System
Restorable system is the framework that have capacity to reestablish from the
State of Failure (condition of framework that misfortune capacity to fill the
expected role or the misfortune capacity to fulfill the predetermined
prerequisites).

The system functionability profile of a system can be best described in a cartesian coordinate in
which the horizontal axis represents the time while the vertical axis represents the state of the
systems. From the definitions of the above terminologies you have discussed with your group, draw
the representation of:
a. System functionability profile
b. Non-Restorable System profile
c. Restorable System profile
SoFa: State of Failure. State of system loss ability to perform the required function or
the loss ability to satisfy the specified requirements
SoFu: State of Function. State of a system in which it is functionable.

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MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT THE RELATION OF RAM AND MAINTENANCE

The Life Cycle of the Physical Asset (As per PAS 55)

The core life cycle of physical assets can be divided into four stages.
▪ Identify need.
▪ Create or acquire.
▪ Utilize and maintain.
▪ Dispose and/or replace.

Figure 1 shows the illustration of the core life cycle of the physical asset.

Figure 1 Core Asset Life Cycle Stages

However, there are variations in the life cycle of physical assets. Figure 2 shows examples of the
variations.

Figure 2 Variations of Asset Life Cycle Stages

 The expectations and the reality of a restorable system

The restorable system can also be categorized as a physical asset. Discuss with your group the

following items.
 a. What does the asset's owner expect during the asset commissioning/beginning of
operation?
The asset is expected to have the framework like determined trademark
with the data gave by the maker which connects with exhibitions, specialized
trademark, and the costs.
b. How long is the system going to be in the state of function?
The system is expected to be as long as possible to be in the State of
Function (SoFu) to keep the productivity of the company. But the time of “when is
the end of the system in the SoFu” cannot be known exactly. It just can be predicted
and calculated through quantitative data.
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c. How long is the maintenance task going to last?
The system is expected to be as short as possible to be in the Maintenance
state then back to SoFu as fast as possible. Like the previous question, the time of
“when is the end of the system in the maintenance” cannot be known exactly. It
just can be predicted and calculated through quantitative data.
d. How long is the support going to last?
Same with the maintenance, the system is expected to be as short as
possible to be in the Supporting state. But again, to get the time of “when is the
end of the system in the Supporting” exactly, it just can be predicted and calculated
through quantitative data.
e. What should the asset's owner do to maintain the assets to be operable as long as possible?
To maintain an asset so that it lasts a long time, the owner of the asset
must look for it the best product or asset that has a good reliability value. Then too
try to find something that is restorable so that it can be repaired and also not may
be lazy to do maintenance thereby reducing the potential for occurrence damage
which will result in the company experiencing big loss

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What did you expect

during system / assetin
UPTIME?
system / asset commisioning?
What did you expect during

As long as
possible

As short as As fast as
possible possible

What did you expect How long is the

during system / asset in support task going to
DOWNTIME? last?

What should the asset's owner do to maintain the assets to be

operable as long as possible?

Figure 3 Visualization of the Questions Regarding Restorable System

Answer
(You may use additional sheets to answer the above questions)

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Restorable System and RAM (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability)


Redraw a functionability profile of a restorable system. Discuss the relation between the
 functionability graph, reliability, maintainability, and availability with your group.


(You may use additional sheets to answer the above questions)

Reliability is the innate attribute of a thing connected with its capacity to keep up with
functionability when utilized as indicated.

Maintainability is the innate attribute of a thing connected with its capacity to be

reestablished when the predetermined upkeep task is proceeded as required.

Availability is the likelihood of a gear to play out its activity / function.

2. RELIABILITY PROFILE OF RESTORABLE SYSTEM

 The following is the list of reliability definitions summarized from several sources.
▪ Reliability is the inherent characteristics of an item related to its ability to maintain
functionability when used as specified. (Jezdimir Knezevic – reading material)
▪ The probability that a system will satisfactorily perform a specified function for a specified
period of time under given operating conditions (most standard reliability textbooks)
▪ The ability of an item to perform a required function under given environmental and
operating conditions and for a stated period of time (ISO 8404 and BS 4778)

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

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Read the reliability part of the reading materials. Then, draw the uptime part of the restorable
system in a functionability profile graph.

Discuss/brainstorm with your team members what we should consider to make the repairable
systems highly reliable.

1. Find the appropriate practical metric(s) to represent the uptime condition.

Metrics for the reliability level is shown in the SoFu while the time is shown
in x axis. From this graph, we can see that the longer system is stay in SoFu, the
better the functionability. And the bigger the bolded area, the better the
productivity.

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2. Discuss/brainstorm what key issues that will influence the metric(s) and put them in the
appropriate location in your functionability profile graph. (Hint: please refer to the reliability
definition provided above)
• Inherent Issue, related to strength and condition of the raw materials,
manufacturing, and assembling processes, quality control, initial packaging
etc.
• Operational Issue, account boundary, for example, stacking, number of
cycle each moment, etc.
• Environmental Issue, Temperatures, humidity, pH, concentration, air
pollution, dust, terrain, radiation, vibration etc.
3. Key issue number 3 of question number 2 is Environmental Issue . What factors
mightinfluence this issue?
The factors that may cause environmental issue are pH, radiation, and anything
related to the environment. It can influence the reliability time and the SoFu.

Use the following picture to aid in discussing the answers to questions 2 and 3.

Inherent Factor Operational Issue

Functioning During the operation

TIME

Environmental Issue

pH Temperature Radiation Climate

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pH relates to the Temperature has to be kept Radiation is one factor that The climate is the
corrosiveness of the product in the interval where the can cause environmental combination of temperature
that will cause the repair system can function issue The way to mitigate it and wind condition that can
and downtime properly is control the radiation affect the performance of
system

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3. MAINTAINABILITY PROFILE OF RESTORABLE SYSTEM

 The following is the list of definitions of maintainability.
▪ Maintainability is the inherent characteristic of an item related to its ability to be restored
when the specified maintenance task is performed as required. ( Jezdimir Knezevic –
reading material)
▪ Maintainability is the ability of an item, under stated conditions of use, to be retained in or
restored to a state in which it can perform its required functions when maintenance is
performed under stated conditions and using prescribed procedures and resources. (BS
4778)

Read the maintainability part of the reading materials. Then, draw the downtime part of the

restorable system in a functionability profile graph.

1. Find the appropriate practical metric(s) to represent the downtime condition.


Maintainability is the ability to restore (restorability) the function of a system

by using certain maintenance. This is expressed quantitatively according to the
length of time determined during maintenance or treatment. So, it can be assumed
that what affects the graph is time maintenance so that specifically for this, it is
hoped that the area of the graph will increase small so no loss in time.

Use the following picture to aid in discussing the answers to questions 2 and 3 below.

Key issue 1:
Key issue 2:
STATE OF SYSTEM Personal Issue
State of
……………. Functioning
(SoFu) TIME

State of
Failure (SoFa)
Administration

Administration
/ Logistics

/ Logistics

Active Repair
Time to

Time to

Key issue 3: Key issue 4:

Environmental Issue Conditional Issue

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Maximize supporting
Maximizing worker performance Utilizing the best tools
To help get back as
By maximizing the man elements, The better the equipment, the
fast as possible to the
the maintenance can be faster so faster the maintenance will be.
the downtime can be reduced. State of Function
(SoFu)

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2. Discuss/brainstorm what key issues that will influence the metric(s) and put them in the
appropriate location in your functionability profile graph. (Hint: please refer to the
maintainability definition provided above)
• Personal issue, (skill, motivation, experience, actual capacity, self-
restraint, commitment, and other characteristic of staff)
• Conditional issue, (effect of working environment and outcomes of
failure to the condition, computation and state of thing under rebuilding)
• Environmental issue, (temperature, tenacity, lighting, vibration time,
season, wind, upheaval)
3. Key issue number 2 and 3 of question number 2 lead to the question, "How to minimize the
downtime?". What factors might influence this issue?
There are many factors that influence to minimize downtime, for example
like how severe the damage to the system, the complexity of the system, the
capabilities of the people who responsible for repairs (experience), etc.

4. AVAILABILITY PROFILE OF RESTORABLE SYSTEM

Discuss/brainstorm with your team regarding the following question.

 Draw a diagram that represents the availability profile of a repairable system. Put all factors you have
 discussed which may influence the availability, reliability, and maintainability metrics into your
diagram.
Hint: Use the following template to answer the question. You may need to adjust the template in the
proper size.

Availability

Maintainability Realibility

Personal Conditional Environmental Time Inherent Environmental Operational

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5. RAM AND REVENUE

If you were asked by the top management the following question:


 "Can you tell me what impact RAM improvements will have on my company's revenue?"

What will your answers be?

Hint: Use the following keywords and put them in the appropriate boxes and then start to discuss
with your team to answer the question.

The keywords:
▪ Availability
▪ Operability
▪ Productivity
▪ Revenue
▪ TTF
▪ TTR
▪ Unit Cost

Revenue

Productivity Unit Cost

Availability Operability

TTF TTR

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RAM consists of Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability.
• RAM upgrades implies all the more longer (operability) working time.
• Longer working time implies more useful the actual organization.
• More Productive means more cash the organization procured.
Generally, the price is directly proportional to the quality. So, if for example
Maintainability of a good system, then the TTF and TTR can be reduced. If the reliability
of a system is high, so we can reduce the probability TTF occurs so that the tool or system
can continue to be operated by the company (productive). If it can be operated, then it
can be considered that the object availability is there and can be used. So, if the thing is
usable, then the company will certainly continue to be able to produce or use the item so
that the productivity of the company will not be disrupted and of course the company
can continue to make profits or income for the company.

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6. REFERENCES
1. RELIABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY, AND SUPPORTABILITY: A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH
a. Jezdimir Knezevic, Mc Graw Hill, 1993.
2. Training Course in RCM, Marintek – Sintef Group, June 1994
3. UPTIME: Strategies for Excellence in Maintenance Management, John Dixon Campbell,
Productivity Press, 1995.
4. MAINTENANCE EXCELLENCE: Optimizing Equipment Life-Cycle Decisions, Edited by John
Dixon Campbell, Andrew KS Jardine, Marcel Decker, Inc., 2001.
5. BENCHMARKING BEST PRACTICES IN MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT, Terry Wireman, Industrial
Press Inc., 2004
6. Training Course in RCM, Marintek – Sintef Group, June 1994
7. RETURN ON INVESTMENT, Online presentation presented by Terry Wireman,
www.maintenance.com, 2005
8. Strategic Maintenance Planning, Anthony Kelly, First Edition 2006, Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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