Key Features:

Carbonized Filament: Edison found that a filament made of carbonized cotton thread
lasted over 600 hours. Later iterations used bamboo and then tungsten, which is
still used in many bulbs today.
Vacuum Environment: By removing the oxygen, Edison's light bulbs burned brighter
and lasted longer than their air-filled counterparts.
Practical and Affordable: Edison's design was not only efficient but also
relatively affordable, which made widespread adoption feasible.
Achievement:

On October 21, 1879, after intense experimentation and testing, Edison's first
successful bulb burned for 13.5 hours. Subsequent iterations improved this duration
significantly.
Broader Impact:

Electrical System: Along with the light bulb, Edison developed a comprehensive
system for electrical distribution, including generators, wires, sockets, and
switches.
Commercial Success: In 1880, Edison established the Edison Illuminating Company,
laying the foundation for today's electric utility systems.
Points of Contention:

Simultaneous Developments: Sir Hiram Maxim, Sir Joseph Swan, and other inventors
developed their versions of the light bulb around the same time as Edison. Notably,
Swan in the UK independently produced a working light bulb. Edison and Swan later
merged their interests into a joint company in the UK.
Team Effort: While Edison is the name most associated with the light bulb, it's
essential to note that he had a team of scientists and collaborators who
contributed significantly to the invention.