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EAB ie de PAG BIG 0 ik HEAT AR FOE A RAR LR ARR, ARIES OAM AA RSA HS ART OR ARR ARTA RS RRR, SBA wepalne rE NF ae BTN BE, Fy 7 I SE WOK, A ULE Step 1: VAE BARK HM AAA ARAL, Hand HO SAR A A, Step 2s RR NLR, Ep ERY HE AN A BS A 8 AR 5 i Gk HH MRRAVY RAWAM FAA. Step 3: M#MALRAMHM PE ROWNF, HAMA PAT HRM HBR Ay HEA RE A, Ly SPAR op 2S He 49 1 F (example )A TAF HATHA, Stop 4: Wk DAH, RIBS, Slep 5: PME LPE LAO SR A kK LRFRSRE MSMR, Slep 6: Hpid h RAG ARAN HE, AF RRS a OR A BT] SVU UREA FERS PRA ACTS A EY AUR AEM EEE 1. SHE EE HORAN, 40 OAM KR ROKMERSREESHR HERR ED KR, GUKKRE NMBA MS BEM Z PI, 2. SF i ET ABU — UK, (5 SEB A Ui BLS aD Aa ks SD Sk — AS FC VAR 3. ERASERS AY IS RIS ER BSRF—DPH* i, ii, ili, iv, v, vi, vii, vil, ix, x”.HLM eA YE TEA HE, AE AR, Bll] foxtre X K #4 374] , 4 lead to, cause, compare, stay, remain, ABM, BA fi] FoA¥ ME 44 HY FHA , o local, first, primarily, betters REE RELWATE A tk to object to, few, rarely, yeto Ii] G RF 6h 79, te always, almost, nevers ARAL I BF & AH Bi (KH ), 4 London, Sydney, Shakespeare. Kia) AEA , do equilibrium. SBN WERE RG ER “CEE APE i Be A LA HE Oe A IL ET, UE PETG LTT 20 FF TE OSE A A 9 TH, wEARHN EY ZH, Pes E-1 Bee T-REAARBSRA FAME ITEC ACA ETT OT, BREESE FBO A, A Of HAE EN BSE CB A TE A 8 AOR “OR EP a A, TG A a Sob — BEER, SE — FP KS AE BE EK ES SECA EY UAE SB BL LS TF LA AY, FRAT AT TIL ORRMSAB1 Choose the correct heading for paragraph C from the list of headings below. List of Headings vi The financial cost of recent technological improvements vii The relevance to health viii Addressing the concern over increasing populations © Yet there is a dark side to this picture: despite our progress, half of the world’s vt ~, Ra 0ow a Bis 2 7 9R92 CARRE population still suffers, with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. As the United Nations report on access to water reiterated in November 2001, more than one billion people lack access to clean drinking water; some two and a half billion do not have adequate sanitation services. Preventable water-related diseases kill an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 children every day, and the latest evidence suggests that we are falling behind in efforts to solve these problems. 1) The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes — often with little warning or compensation — to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20% of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water thrive. Certain . Groundwater withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems here the} irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural producti aquifers are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions. RHR SAE Fa He BER (1 AF — Be EL — Be IT BITC, FER EE HC EHR, RANA Al D BLAH EE“The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardizing human health.” 3) Bi Hy “8 (11 64) 7k BE WRB (JT HES A ) A) ee A UT AOR HEH, ” NX BLE RRA TRSHRE A PHAR, Hh, wa BRAT A 2k BE BL REE BE mH SC SAS A, BRATS AE A Bi tk — 2 89 SRI” HYRLGK, “beyond” — ial MH ME AIM th T D BSA —BR— C BZA MMA, 1X FORA TNA AB C Be nine (BLV% A AL ) MBE A “jeopardizing human health (fé 3 A 28 fi BRE)" A, DBZ, , MEE AP Hs aR Le IH HB RP] Y L AA SH NHLVii “The relevance to health (45 ERE AY A ) "DEB IK, TL TE WH SEH vil. ORMMSAB 2 Choose the correct heading for paragraph E from the list of headings below. List of Headings vi A difficult landscape vii Negative effects on well-being viii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic ix The benefits of an easier existenceWhile the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people’s health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the tradi ynal skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut’s “igloo and email” society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there’s a high incidence of depression. F With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as “Inuit Qaujimajat-ugangit”, or 1Q. “In the early days scientists ignored us when they came up here to study anything. They just figured these people don’t know very much so we won't ask them,” says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. “But in recent years 1Q has had much more credibility and weight.” In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can tum down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities. RT RATA AES AA BOO), A ARATE P BLOT A “With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic.” , 2EXt E Btve 4745 BE fa , WR 41 Rt 3k 0) 5 BY oP 3c AY “NB AUS A. (Ee A BE 09 ) AF 2 rT LS SS A Te ae A a lm — TE fe ” AB YG HE a AR Le ek FB Be 0 Te — BE ZF, BN “with so much at stake ( {417 09 5 PARE BE ts fe Be sth)”, DT S| ths TF ABE —— F BRA AA, BOA REA RY IRS BE BE ,” BUDE, , 4089 3 EY La RT HP HR a TE EE SHE — vil “Negative effects on well being (35 (it HE 29 5 1B HY me)” — TT RT Be ay WE a) a a SE", AUTEM vii. ORBMSAE 3 ‘Choose the correct heading for Section B from the list of headings below. RAREST oN aoN = 39 92 RR ° List of Headings i MIRTP as a future model ' ii. Identifying the main transport problems | ii Preference for motorised vehicles SAF HER 7—Test 2—Reading Passage 3 Section B and Section C RT RHLRRAKAWABT “Ame RMA ADRS MASS ae RR, RUNES BAR Section BMA, RR, RM ERM Section C fi # “J ; “Having determined the main transport needs, possible solutions were identified which might reduce the time and burden.” JL) 38 5" #4 2R5E J 3030 BE 075K FATE TT AEH ER Ts EE TAS TAT BRR E— TRE PAF, a HT bBo Section B AYR t ® SHEP “EB ta TAC ATER AURA TPT AGAR SE", GK — i a BAB 1), RIT HAZ —Section C MBIA. SIE Section B HY Xt hi br BHM 1% Fk AM “Having determined the main transport needs, possible solutions were identified ( E 2.28 5 T 32385 BE WL 09 75 OR AULD TFT Ae AY AR BR) HRY , HE FM , HRA AD AEE A ii “Identifying the main transport problems”, Bl “8th 7 EBEAVSCMI]E”, ik —HAT Section C MAA) WIA X KR, HUERSRD ii, OMMIZNE 4 Choose the correct heading for paragraph C from the list of headings below. List of Headings vy Ahealthier choice of food vi A difficult landscape vii Negative effects on well-being viii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic SUPA 6—Test 1—Reading Passage 3. CD BEROP > ARN (ES IRN C ROR, PURER B— F D BAYH A). “Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh.” 7E%! C Bit (TA BES , Fil) MAI I FR LAURE A 09 Je (RR TE 4 AE I 9 EF” BS MGA) AB EG AB, Lb BR eH REA AR, THD SB He PRA MAAS, ABA CE AHEM a A AME BBL Vi “A difficult landscape [— Jy BENS (42 7 SE "IE AT TARE T D BE STAR ARMA, BTLLIE RRS Vi, ARBGhS AERA AILARA ERE SRP TS Ae TA EB BE PE A FS ER, AE, BE HEBER A A TUE BL HE SS AD FF) — NE A, a) GA th a PSC AAP aE SE, i) Fi Se HA 3 Wa A — BE AY ES A, ETT a a PE A GB, LAER LANGK, PRR LIAR AE, aot sh rare ee ORKNSAG1 Choose the correct heading for paragraph F from the list of headings below. List of Headings vii The relevance to health vii Addressing the concern over increasing populations ix A surprising downward trend in demand for water x The need to raise standards i Ad F Fortunately — and unexpectedly — the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted. As a result, the pressure to build new water infrastructures has diminished over the past two decades. Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed. And in a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen.Fe oo" aaa oN = mS) ° RH RRA FEF RBM RBA MEA Li), BURP READ ial YC :not rising, diminished, slowed, fallen, 3X Sia] 14 3 ABE 4 HAH 7h BE 09 1 FSH, TTS 8 RATS WAS 5 IE LA BAT AT LA RY fe SAS Be) ARE BR AS Pk We — RAIN GLA , TALE AY RET I Ah 2 BIR ETL Ax “A surprising downward trend in demand for water( 4 A 364876 3 AY 7K TEAR AF BEATA) "3X — PRES RE — LPN GAMO ELAR A, GUERERH ix, ORBNSAE 2 Choose the correct heading for paragraph H from the list of headings below. List of Headings ix A surprising downward trend in demand for water x The need to raise standards xi A description of ancient water supplies H On the other hand, dams, aqueducts and other kinds of infrastructure will still have to be built, particularly in developing countries where basic human needs have not been met. But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. And even in regions where new projects seem warranted, we must find ways to meet demands with fewer resources, respecting ecological criteria and to a smaller budget. RH RNA BPR MA PER HM T Ss eB aA, HN shigher specification (HLM ARHE), more accountability (#4 ff) HE ), fewer resources (#¢/> 4) AL 2R BEM), smaller budget (BE /> ()€& ), AT 1X Be ta] 20 AB HE HE Be — Ps A BY —$§_ BEE A A) SE as Hs LE Aa A Hk AE, AR EU A BE Se PRD . FLA AR AT SEAR th — 4 He EH LR A A, ETA X “The need to raise standards (27% # 21 pave (i) BR)" TERE Bh ON iad AE, TATE SE AX, ORMMSAS 3 Choose the correet heading for paragrapt A from the list of headings below.List of Headings i A difficult landscape Negative effects on well-being ii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic The benefits of an easier existence A Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects — if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what’s going on because they consider the Arctic the “canary in the mine” for global warming — a waming of what’s in store for the rest of the world. ROR ZR BE LT EF — (7) OBES TADIC , 248% : unusual, earlier than usual, beyond, more warming, cloudier, higher sea level, 1X 2878) 70 @B7E AN Ay BUTE AY SAR SEAL OTA SR BARE A SLT AR TT BE eR AR A HIT AR EY BAS , AEE Ba SR BASS TE HP BB — 7S A Ze 5 VA EE AST)" YR UE AR SdH +F A) Vili “Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic” fi 98 le] 52 fi FE_b 28 89 ia) AC, FE SC“ ch eA St Se FEY (RL) Ta AR”, FLA “unprecedented (£300 8) )”—iA5 unusual, earlier than usual, beyond, more warming, cloudier, higher sea level SAE RAE LRA, VIER EIN vil, ORRMSAB 4 Choose the correct heading for paragraph A from the list of headings below. of Headings i Avoiding an overcrowded centre ii. A successful exercise in people power oN = BRASS veraoN a Ais iii The benefits of working together in cities A. In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: “The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.” He considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. Some years ago, federal money was granted to build a new road. However, local pressure groups forced a referendum over whether to spend the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked spectacularly well. In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put in, dramatically changing the nature of the city. Newman notes that Portland has about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time. RT A SEE SBE BY LL — AR RE BEDE HH APPLE MAAC MRA? I RATA BE oh TAO F BY FFI (481 ) ; politics (B24 ), democratic( fi +44), pressure groups (A BAUER (9 EASA), referendum (#2), federal money (SAM RIBRA), HATAGRAe-5 BIA ARAN TIC PAE AR BEE eA RB SBR AY, AS VAC [democratic( RF), pressure groups( i BUA VER HH 148 Hl), referendum (42 YE) BS REM RAK, ABA, CEM eR EAE A) EAE? 48 HTL fi “A successful exercise in people power( A Ait LDN HY SBR ) "ENTIRE T ESRC, PERERA ii, Ea-3 SSRBPRARWERAD SROERBS ETE BO BE RCL DP RATA — A BB EB A) BRT ABD ABO TE (RR RES WMS A HARP F BE i BS — Py 9 i] TL ZV A AE LA A POR PAT SR MERRY T OB aR Be BR PO 8 ANTM ETE (RE IB ) MLD , ERY BEE TE (BRST ) EAT EM eS EE He BE ARE MET PR Hh A BY ORRMSAG 1 Choose the correct heading for paragraph D from the list of headings below.List of Headings v Environmental effects vi The financial cost of recent technological improvements vii The relevance to health viii Addressing the concern aver increasing populations ix A surprising downward trend in demand for water x The need to raise standards xi A description of ancient water supplies D_ The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health, Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes — often with little warning or compensation — to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20% of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems here they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions. RoR FR ATT AT VA AG — Be SCS 2 AE AE a BTA) FO EH (RSI) | EAE stens of millions of people (SLA 7 it 89 A BG ), freshwater fish species (7K £42 ), soil quality (-t 3611 AL), agricultural productivity (4€ lk 4 7* 7 ), groundwater aquifer (sth F 7k & 7k iz ), disputes over shared water resources (Xt FI 37k WA Sit), WLP EIS (S218) RLS HEE LAR ADH LAR LE FAB AR BES Fs RA) SSE Ak HB A ok I SS HO BIAS Bh RE AE mE RR TP BH Ze, OB a PAR ILA GAA YE? RABE FH Me 4B T A V “Environmental effects (Xt F AHH A i)”, BER LIRA SERS (BRIE) EN EAS TERE V ORRMZAB 2 Choose the correct heading for paragraph F Irom the list of headings below. List of Headings vii Research shows that promotion worksoN a tix 2 --" 9 90 CARI viii The high costs of research ix The positive side of drugs promotion x Who really pays for doctors’ free gifts? Free samples of new and expensive drugs might be the single most effective way of getting doctors and patients to become loyal to a product. Salespeople hand out hundreds of dollars’ worth of samples each week — $7.2 billion worth of them in one year. Though few comprehensive studies have been conducted, one by the University of Washington investigated how drug sample availability affected what physicians prescribe, A total of 131 doctors self-reported their prescribing patterns — the conclusion was that the availability of samples led them to dispense and prescribe drugs that differed from their preferred drug choice. RB XB, RATA A th EL 4 8) FB EB free samples ( #% 8 FF dh ), salespeople (25 sh #4 #% A 1), comprehensive studies (£# 4 ¥E M9 BF IE), a total of 131 doctors (B36 131 ALBEE), conclusion (S49 ) . SP fei i =) 9 EAB A A Ae OEE SEIT A 6H), Ti Sb IM Ae A A SE RT HB eA ACR, BB Rae ein 9 AE A IE YE? REI, RA—P EM vii “Research shows that promotion works (i #22 5A 2 447" ft BYE FA)”, KR PEUAEAR AT LGR S PETA AARON, HLH research Fa] NPEME T comprehensive studies (4% VE MH BFE), a total of 131 doctors (SE 131 fi KE), conclusion (i )3& = 4+ E38, iii promotion [Fl RAFT T free samples ( 4 BH), ATLATE Wh 9 vii, ca El: 4 ERK ALEWSRO AUER RGA AB Ae ES LS A EY, RS EB SMU AS EP RAREN , MRE GHRTMSHREARRR, AiR 2 OH OAL BE BRE BY AY) AB A SCP ST A TH A A AREA AB BEE SABA AR THT AR AO BS — S)E AG ME AR Tk — AEE, HEU, BAT — AAA A AA FS SME TR SRA AED LA $i RS RADEBBAAKD PILATE A, EAA SE SE Le BL Ee oe Be MER TE TERRE — PPR,ORRMZAE1 Choose the correct headings for Sections A and C from the list of headings below. List of Headings iv Government authorities’ instructions v Initial improvements in mobility and transport modes vi Request for improved transport in Makete vii Transport improvements in the northern part of the district viii Improvements in the rail network Section A The disappointing results of many conventional road transport projects in Africa led some experts to rethink the strategy by which rural transport problems were to be tackled at the beginning of the 1980s. A request for help in improving the availability of transport within the remote Makete District of south-westem Tanzania presented the opportunity to try a new approach. The concept of integrated rural transport was adopted in the task of examining the fe was to reduce the time transport needs of the rural households in the district. ‘The obje and effort needed to obtain access to essential goods and services through an improved rural transport system. The underlying assumption was that the time saved would be used instead for activities that would improve the social and economic development of the communities. ‘The Makete Integrated Rural Transport Project (MIRTP) started in 1985 with financial support from the Swiss Development Corporation and was coordinated with the help of the ‘Tanzanian government. Section C Having determined the main transport needs, possible solutions were identified which might reduce the time and burden. During Phase Il, from January to February 1991, a number of approaches were implemented in an effort to improve mobility and access to transport. ‘An improvement of the road network was considered necessary to ensure the import and export of goods to the district. These improvements were carried out using methods that were heavily dependent on labour. In addition to the improvement of roads, these methods provided training in the operation of a mechanical workshop and bus and truck services. However, the difference from the conventional approach was that this time consideration was given to local transport needs outside the road network. Most goods were transported along the paths that provide short-cuts up and down the hillsides, but the paths were a real safety risk and made the journey on foot even more arduous. It made sense to improve the paths by building steps,oN ra ‘0 nse Fe handrails and footbridges. It was uncommon to find means of transport that were more efficient than walking but less technologically advanced than motor vehicles. The use of bicycles was constrained by their high cost and the lack of available spare parts oxen were not used at all but donkeys were used by @ few households in the northem part of the district. MIRTP focused on what would be most appropriate for the inhabitants of Makete in terms of what was available, how much they could afford and what they were willing to accept. After careful consideration, the project chose the promotion of donkeys a donkey costs less than a bicycle — and the introduction of a locally manufacturable wheelbarrow. ROH PREEMPT BI — PH FO RAC RA HE, HEI HPRNE A FRAREA TMA RB Section A BATA IER A — FP A WBS (Section A), ABH FYB HH 75 (BRK AB — HE TE WZ EO TR] AEE) , BRAT) AL Be He 3X — BB} HY — “A request for help in improving the availability of transport within the remote Makete District of south-western Tanzania presented the opportunity to try a new approach.” A 4 $i 2 “Hk & F381 Je UE ASE 7 Pa BB A FRAG sth EF BG CARE TRB LT — PR TT KH BL” PUB 2, , CE Be Ht tn ET VB a HEUTE RY A SB AR it 1 HY ZUG PR AYIZZEIT vi “Request for improved transport in Makete (XT LA PS ZBI. Hh BE SHAR WEATHER)”. FEE SCP AY “a request” TEBE PW “request”; BEI +P AY “improved transport in Makete” [5] XT “improving the availability of transport within the remote Makete District”, FALMCIE MUSE 29 vi, Section C BRUNER A — F C #4} (Section C), # A ERE) PRT TOC ABS ES 1991, a number of approaches were implemented in an effort to improve mobility and access to transport.” a) BOW“ FEMA 1991 46 8 — A Bl A lel, BOSS — BBR Ta a Ca A ie BH PEARSE HE (TL BRAT TFS tL” AREAS A) 8 EB ee PP , A ALA) T BEM V “Initial improvements in mobility and transport modes ( 7E 238 Vit 3h YE AUBESK FAO AT ak He)”, BOP , MP AY “initial improvements” Fl SLWE-RET 3 PAY “during phase ii, from January to February 1991"; 11 ‘4 “in mobility and transport modes” [Al 5X f6# & TX ‘PAY “mobility and access to transport”, RULERS RA V SE A Be BEG ( BEI SS IE BS SE uring phase ii, from January to February © RMMSAB 2 Choose the correct heading for paragraph C from the list of headings below.List of Headings v Ahealthier choice of food vi A difficult landscape vii Negative effects on well-being vill Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic ix The benefits of an easier existence C The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that’s covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is ont of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today’s Inuit people. RH RKB — FX — BH — 4] “Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home.” , iM 32482 LF 3 S847 8) VA SUIS BE FEL SHELA BBS Hr HR BR Be TRE AY Way RA 0 BS "AR YG ANT (E57 BN RE EE 2c BH HET vi “A difficult landscape [— + Aer ht (4E FF) SHH |”, AL, GP A9“A difficult landscape” Fl X fe? # T 3CF AY “this terrain” #“the hardships” , ST UATE Wi BRA vi, ORMMSAB 3 Choose the correct headings for paragraph A, E and F from the list of headings below. List of Headings i The results of the research into blood-variants ii Dental evidence Greenberg's analysis of the dental and linguistic evidence iv Developments in the methods used to study early population movements v Indian migration from Canada to the USA 15oN a Bie ye 92 CaN 16 vii Long-standing questions about prehistoric migration to America viii Conflicting views of the three-wave theory, based on non- genetic evidence ix Questions about the causes of prehistoric migration to America x How analysis of blood-variants measures the closeness of the relation-ship between different populations SUPE 7—Test 3—Reading Passage 2. A,E,F & ROR BOS BEI Hh (0) FE AE A A 7) AB TC RY — BY 5 HU CEE Population Movements and Genetics 38 CRE FE SHAR T LGR HY Ge 5 — Be — OE TE AS RE I IRE, Paragraph A HBF AB, A AYR — AB “A number of techniques developed since the 1950s, however, have placed the study of these subjects on a sounder and more objective footing.” BEA BE, RA] MH EH SB AWARE, BBR RMR IT eA (ASS WATE Oe ) PIE RE EY SE A GE eH LB BB ATT TV AR 4B iv “Developments in the methods used to study early population movements (7X1 # WARE EID BMF BR)”, KEP , MP AY “developments in the methods” FA] fi# RE T 3 *40“A number of techniques developed” ; iii 09study early population movements” Fl SUMPRET SCP AY the study”, LG TE RES iv, Paragraph E ET RRNB—F EB, E BHF — 4) WH “Geneticist Douglas Wallace has studied mitochondrial DNA in blood samples from three widely separated Native American groups” , & PAR AERE BHR THA FSP YZ) A AE EEN HS eA AY LEE RA DNA", ARABIA AGH EB, WAR B L T VE iv “Further genetic evidence relating to the three- wave theory (3¢F ‘= UCHE GE" HIG M/E — 2 AEN Dy IEE)”, RD AR Bae A “FC AIIR RATAT LAE “further genetic evidence” FFX fF RE T ICP HY “geneticist Douglas Wallace has studied mitoc-hond-rial DNA in blood samples”; THE*? 4% “the three- wave theory” Ill B48 3C FH) “three widely separated Native American groups” . JL IE i 3 Hiv, Paragraph F Rak RA—# FE, F MB A)H “They involve the study of teeth and of 5X PA BESS Be FAI” | SCP AY “they 48 FRAT IC HY “two other kinds of research” ffl ii 2 58 *P (9) A i 4601 ij “Dental evidence [7 Bi (7 iii )AUTEE )” , i 2 XP HY “the study of teeth” ZE8 4! “dental evidence” ###l SFM, PTUERBRW ii, languagesHa-5 He / RALERSRNA BR ITT ET AEE OE. , KORRES MES RS i AAU AUER T5 2 — RA AE a ERE”, EB RA ERIE AY P/E) HEAT BE a HR ML A A) OF HE SL Me A FEM BAA RE (Ly BEG a/R ay ART A aE A, SB A AT RO PR AVE A SLA 19 Be ORMMZAE 1 Choose the correct heading for Section F from the list of headings below. List of Headings i MIRTP as a future model ii_ Identifying the main transport problems iii Preference for motorised vehicles iv Government authorities’ instructions Section F Today, nobody in the district argues about the importance of improved paths and inexpensive means of transport. But this is the result of dedicated work over a long period, particularly from the officers in charge of community development. They played an essential role in raising awareness and interest among the rural communities. The concept of integrated rural transport is now well established in Tanzania, where a major program of rural transport is just about to start, The experiences from Makete will help in this initiative, and Makete District will act as a reference for future work. RoR CE RAR BS AR BEA Ps, FRAT ak A, SR RATT “Vi PL GL ETT EC, AT AE A HY AAP OY 1 TS Section F HEA) EAE , PVF AT AY AoE — 26 4} BT. Section F A) FE“) 9 “The experiences from Makete will help in this initiative, and Makete District will act as a reference for future work.” #3 a Fh A St DK 1) He We Se RY IK — (JH IB JAE ) 7 A BY ARO LE EK FE feWB%", i TN“MIRTP as a future model (SALE HR A PE ACR BE TEAR)”, SE 42 RRP “future model” [a] X fit RE TFB 40 "FH “reference for future work”, HF LIE RE RAI.oN ca ° sp 92 CARMA at O RRMA 2 Choose the correct heading for paragraph G from the list of headings below. List of Headings i Scientists’ call for a revision of policy ji An explanation for reduced water use iii How a global challenge was met iv Irrigation systems fall into disuse v Environmental effects G What explains this remarkable turn of events? Two factors: people have figured out how to use water more efficiently, and communities are rethinking their priorities for water use. Throughout the first three-quarters of the 20th century, the quantity of freshwater consumed per person doubled on average; in the USA, water withdrawals increased tenfold while the population quadrupled, But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry. In 1965, for instance, Japan used approximately 13 million gallons of water to produce $1 million of commercial output; by 1989 this had dropped to 3.5 million gallons (even accounting for inflation) — almost a quadrupling of water productivity. In the USA, water withdrawals have fallen by more than 20% from their peak in 1980. ROT AH, RTRER KARMA!) ia BRAM TH, RT RMA YS SE HL OE, RAE UA FRE. G BRAN A) 9 “What explains this remarkable turn of events?” 3t°P 3 369 “tt Z BE SB PREIS LE A BA) HHS HE 982” GEA fi 39“An explanation for reduced water use (XSF FAK WP HY — 4 HF RE)”. FE Le BE DAD , BRAT AN RE Be BLE *P HH) “An explanation” IF] XA T 4 FH “What explains”; Ti ARAM LE RZ Ril th BMP AY “reduced water use” $63 BZ 1) PHY “this remarkable turn of events”, AUbiE RS ii, O RRMA 3 Choose the correct heading for key points four to six Irom the list of headings below. List of Headings i Ensure the reward system is fair Match rewards to individualsEnsure targets are realistic iv Link rewards to achievement v Encourage managers to take more responsibility vi Recognise changes in employees’ performance over time vii Establish targets and give feedback viii Ensure employees are suited to their jobs ‘SI NF HEE. 6—Test 3—Reading Passage 2. KEY POINT FOUR, FIVE, SIX ROH KSPR BR BA Pl — fe SB St MLB XH Motivating Employees under Advance Conditions . SEP LF iii Be SEB AB TE & HAE BE Ba) EAR MG IG, FIAT KBE TENE KFY POINT FOUR 1X — ELAN Bi 4) 9 “Since employees have different needs, what acts as a reinforcement for ‘one may not for another.” FE 4 3¢ BA) BSE 29 “Py FB DA ATE AS TA BA GOR, IT LA 3 it BE S FAR”, WA, Bi LO eI ji AE RAR A), FR FEM i “Match rewards to individuals (#32 B54} TAA AUG RR)”. Fo, fe RP “rewards” FF] X 2% T 4) +H HH) “reinforcement” ; MMi “individuals” MI Al XB T 7) PHY “one ... another”, Jt IEW 3 ii, KEY POINT FIVE 2 BEY HAH “Managers need to make rewards contingent on performance." HE" X& SO BETS ARE TERA F (ALS Sw A Be A a ER RA iv “Link rewards to achievement (#5 3€ bah $5 AULEE EY)”. FLAP , HEHE HH “link to” FLL PHRT | BER T “AP AY “performance” , HA Jt IE HAA ‘)"# £8 “contingent on”, Ti“achievement” niv, KEY POINT SIX 3&— KH HA “The way rewards are distributed should be transparent so that ‘employees perceive that rewards or outcomes are equitable and equal to the inputs given.” OP SCD I DAP CA RS KAA TE AVE OTS ENE Ge HERE Aj HL “Ensure the reward system is fair (HAR LAR 3 MYER 5)" FE, HEH AY “reward system” [Al X4FAR T 4] 4 1H “The way rewards are distributed” ; TH“fair” FX S28 T 4]"P 89 “transparent” ,“equitable"Al“equal”, tie we RHI. pas i DO SN me °2-8 FAERIE > TURE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN Bo Ree ABVAHER HAGE ROLE SENS SRNMS Sob, SHARES Fy FCA HOT 75 ik He HEE ZA AB LAG “NOT GIVEN” (8 48 thi ) Im A HE FBT 9 BT ST PE CA REE, TR 2 Aa A 9 30 BB A BP AA o] al iy He MY a Weir tes aE A De Pe) 3 TE BA EE EE A tha AB RY, SE Ee WAM RAAT WEAR AT BA ORM Te FT ETB (EAB RE) EME BAN FAS BRK RMS HL, RFR ME FOR ATE HEAR 9 FE ES He EE STi WARP E Step 1: ARMAER, WRERBS EPAHMAHEK HTSRAPSLBHEE ALERARSRRHLP AM Bo Step 2: RRR, ARR RAABKAY FAAS. BLP P QREAAGRHLRILE PLE, MA, Bie ade KITWARE FAR KML IR AS I— A & , Ho.& 5 WY 1A) 4 IL 5 BF fe FES ATR EP Bi HR AoE SRR RSF. SAR RT AEB AE BD RK RAG HY TAR AK Bd Hf EAT — HK ARI APL HE AB Sh Ai SE) BS My Fo ths KE OY TIL, 1K — RII LNT 4 OP LAR HE FL SP Pik — RAL ACHAT ABA, ARGH TAY EER RRMRAA RAL HA AT Ha, Step 3: XP RR R45 RAP 5 4) Fa AT He at, Be PBF FLEA KET BRL do RAT Ea” “BGR fo" RM th OH] MT A RE I, FHL it LORE, Step 4: FRA . Witsoe LARGER, SSO EAR AER EERE LAE A LAMAR AG IMEI, 1, PPA NA ET, EWE RN BRAL MT" “True” “true” , BRE Y" "Yes" “yes” SF, WA FU LARA ART ae AAG EM IE A A A BR IU RA TID Ap AT te OE RR KA NRT ZIRT. Ak ae — ERE HEE 4h 4) 5 %& “TRUE” “FALSE”“NOT GIVEN” “YES” #1“NO” , 2, Aj Ae PUA RT fe HL A eA EE Pay EP a, A A AA 8 NC SEAT SUB , SL eH Lg a EO AR HAE Og TT) SE Se WB” I 9 HF HA HE SUA — CARI eR ET A A PBA AS HR, 1 iE MOM EC bans wy: ZZ UE" ey LA nae Berg 25 RSA LE VIRB, THIER Me EAA fe Soe te Rie 9 0 8 — 2 RATA LRT see en gE BR E 70 Sta sca 7TH 3 ee th TR SK Ae BGM AT SORE AT, IE-QQ : 2029808 BAN WRG NB ERS HG UE 20 FRE FB TE RF A aR UY EE TH JE ABE TE Se GR A A A HE OB 09 Be OP 2a, oN a aaN ra oe ° ---7" $992 CARH 22 E-6 ERAGRBAHLALH R— iL RA TAR, mE A Hse, EB NAG AE A Hy TE RH A J FH a) AEA A, AR EAT RT, RTA, 5 A SA eA Ba AE RO ES AE OA, RATT ANE Be RRA SLR TIE, AR IEDR HAE OB dh ak Lath SA HOTELS AK HAYES AS, EOE EE ESR PEE EY HEE RF AE AHS AK A EAB AR ch — TAI I 2 AY, RT, EE HE F HB fk — 7 md HBS BA a Eh OW BB Za AS i) th EY , TI BAAS BEY F FM SP HY TER, HRT — ERE BEA FE a OSE FP AF BAT MN TERT. ORBEA TAT) , BES TR ERA RA: AAS Ae BE Se BLE TAI AF OA RES RA A AEF BEM BUS PE ASTI AO ATS 7 FO LE RATA a a He ABAUEEISIE , -6-1 StH ASE AAO TE YA AE AS Sk He ER WB A HE AY , TK OS — HY RKANF ADL EMPEY CRAAAS VERA, TT BONA A ER HK fA PH, IF ALA HK AA BTN RRA ABA EAE RBH Wr ERR IK A ATA I ABT SF AB AS RICE ME AIR RAY TET BK RE 200K, BRUIT BRAT BM ORMNSAB1 A. The history of human civilization is entwined with the history of the ways we have leaned to manipulate water resources. As towns gradually expanded, water was brought from increasingly remote sources, leading to sophisticated engineering efforts such as dams and aqueducts. At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this AW) EL: Water use per person is higher in the industrial world than it was in Ancient Rome. ROH MP OF RRA Dita SAM KRESS” Sp FRA aU SES AY Et Be FASE AT FL A TG, BR ATT AN HE LP 9 Ee BEE FH FE “higher... thas BBA , BRC BY HR 17 BY HE ARH A A, WS Td TO Be DE “as much... as” He BB 5 +--+ AD aR“ PEA” RARE, MPRA ES Bi SB ah SA PT AY A HB “NO”, ORMMSRB 2 Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated to recall the material presented. Once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatizations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching. What is distinctive in the suggestopedic method is that they are devoted entirely to assisting recall. The “leaming” of the material is assumed to be automatic and effortless, accomplished while listening to music. The teacher's task is to assist the students to apply what they have leamed. Paraconsciously, and in doing so to make it easily accessible to consciousness. A nother difference from conventional teaching is the evidence that students can regularly learn 1,000 new words of a foreign language during a suggestopedic session, as well as grammar and idiom. TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this we. 1. In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes. 2. Teachers say they prefer suggestopedia to traditional approaches to language teaching. 3. Students in a suggestopedic class retain more new vocabulary than those in ordinary classes. 23oN a Bis ° =" 98 82 AED 24 RoR 38 1 BB ERR LOE Bh SBE ART A 9 TA HAL” ABA KP AAI EK “are similar to(-4j------FAALL)” EMA] FER AEB CH HRP JE}"Such methods are not unusual in language teaching”, 3 *F “not unusual (A 69) "TFC RET MEP AY “are similar to”, HFLA , ASSL i BH “TRUE” PS 2 RB a A) EAR BA ATT BS A HY TS HH A TB aK wR" SEH Le BE A EHS ACW “prefer... to...” TH AAMAS 3c BE EL FF REA Ht LRA PAPEL RARE RY Le Be AR EDR SH AE PA PLY A EY REAR “NOT GIVEN", 3 LAB FORE ARP BEE RB RE RE A TT BH 9 BH hE 48 T Le 3H BORE & AY TLIC” FP Le ATTICA ACW “more... than...”, MS HAAR MT YC HH At} F 3 “another difference from conventional teaching is the evidence that students IC “another difference (3 —~ 1-78 FAL. )" #1" 1,000 SB, PLL, Seb PPB RAT ML can regularly learn 1,000 new words. new words(—-F 4a At in] )” #8 I] X Fe3K T “more... than...” fy els AR DHL 8 “TRUE”, O RMMZAE 3 Brazilian law is based on Roman-Germanic traditions and civil law concepts prevail over common law practice. Most of Brazilian law is codified, although non-codified statutes also represent a substantial part, playing a complementary role. Court decisions set out interpretive guidelines; however, they are seldom binding on other specific cases. Doctrinal works and the works of academic jurists have strong influence in law creation and in law cases. The legal system is based on the Federal Constitution, which was pronulgated on 5 October 1988, and is the fundamental law of Brazil. All other legislation and court decisions must conform to its rules. As of April 2007, there have been 53 amendments. States have their own constitutions, which must not contradict the Federal Constitution. Municipalities and the Federal District have “organic laws” which act in a similar way to constitutions Legislative entities are the main source of statutes, although in certain matters judiciary and executive bodies may enact legal norms. Jurisdiction is administered by the judiciary entities, although in rare situations the Federal Constitution allows the Federal Senate to pass on legal judgments. There are also specialized military, labor, and electoral courts. The highest court is the Supreme Federal Tribunal, This system has been criticized over the last few decades for the slow pace at which final decisions are issued. Lawsuits on appeal may take several years to resolve, and in some cases more than a decade elapses before definitive rulings are made. Nevertheless, the Supreme Federal Tribunal was the first court in the world to transmit its sessions on television, and also via Youtube. More recently, in December 2009, the Supreme Courtadopted Twitter to display items on the day planner of the ministers, to inform the daily actions of the Court and the most important decisions made by them. Brazil is a political and economic leader in Latin America, however, social and economic problems prevent it from becoming an effective global power. Between World War II and 1990, both democratic and military governments sought to expand Brazil's influence in the world by pursuing a state-led industrial policy and an independent foreign policy. More recently, the country has aimed to strengthen ties with other South American countries, and engage in multilateral diplomacy through the United Nations and the Organization of American States. Aircraft carrier NAE So Paulo of the Brazilian Navy. Brazil’s current foreign policy is based on the country’s position as: a regional power in Latin America, a leader among developing countries, and an emerging world power. In general, current Brazilian foreign policy reflects multilateralism, peaceful dispute settlement, and nonintervention in the affairs of other countries. The Brazilian Constitution also determines that the country shall seek the economic, political, social and cultural integration of the nations of Latin America. YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO. if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this GLH :In Brazil, Lawsuits may take a longtime to have a verdict, and sometimes it may take more than 10 years to have definitive rulings. RSE ARES , RUT RRR ELE) TA HERR A HY = ER — 9] “Lawsuits on appeal may take several years to resolve, and in some cases more than a decade elapses before definitive rulings are made."3t*P , He#22 AWN “more than a decade (MA 14F )” , WE AEH TE AFG AA EL “more than 10 years"#H 4, BFLAFI WII YES. ORRMSAB 4 Despite the name, the primary flavoring ingredients in a cola drink are sugar, citrus oils (orange, lime, or lemon fruit peel), tamarind, cinnamon, vanilla, and an acidic flavorant. Manufacturers of cola drinks add other trace ingredients to the drink in addition to these flavorings in order to create distinctively different tastes for each brand. Trace flavorings may include nutmeg, lavender, and a wide variety of ingredients, but the base flavorings that most people identify with a cola taste remain vanilla and cinnamon, Kola nuts, which have a bitter taste, although giving their name to the product contribute little or no flavor to most cola 2526 recipes, as they are rarely actually used as an ingredient. Acidity is often provided by phosphoric acid, sometimes accompanied by citrie or other isolated acids. Inexpensive colas may contain only vanilla and cinnamon as flavorings, which provide a simple cola taste. Many cola drink recipes are closely guarded secrets of their manufacturers, with the recipe used by Coca-Cola being perhaps the most famous in this respect. A variety of different sweeteners may be added to cola, with the common sweetener often being dependent on local agricultural policy. High-fructose com syrup is predominantly used in the United States and Canada due to the lower cost of government subsidized com. In Europe, however, HFCS is subject to production quotas designed to encourage the production. of sugar; sugar is thus typically used to sweeten sodas. In addition, stevia or an artificial sweetener may be used; “sugar-free” or “diet” colas typically contain artificial sweeteners only. Some consumers prefer the taste of soda manufactured with sugar. As a result of this, there is demand in the United States for imported Mexican Coca-Cola. Finding this imported Mexican Coca-Cola in the U.S. can be difficult as only some retail stores in select areas have decided to carry it. Kosher for Passover Coca-Cola sold in the U.S. around the Jewish holiday also uses sucrose rather than HFCS and is also highly sought after by people who prefer the original taste. In addition, PepsiCo markets a version of their Pepsi and Mountain Dew sodas that are sweetened with sugar instead of HFCS. These are marketed under the name Throwback. YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO. if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this A: 1. Coca-Cola is much more famous in the aspect of guarding secrets of its recipe than many other types of cola are, 2. PepsiCo prefers some of its sodas to be sweetened with sugar to HFCS. RET FBG, RRS, RANRARME MAT ARAM HOB A “Many cola drink recipes are closely guarded secrets of their manufacturers, with the recipe used by Coca-Cola being perhaps the most famous in this respect.” t+", H®3 AH “the most famous (#8 99 HH % )" , He #38 TE HF 45 REAP “much more famous... than many other” 48 & UAT YES. BB 2, ARAMEE TS, PATA RR ELE) TA RK HY BI — BB FA) “PepsiCo markets a version of their Pepsi and Mountain Dew sodas that are sweetened with sugar instead of HFCS.” HP, KRXAH “instead of (MMRZ)", MAMIE SMA“prefers... to" AW) & , LAA EH IN YES, OMRMSAGS 27 HEB 7—Test 3—Reading Passage 1 37,8 BE 4441: Ants can build large cities more quickly than humans do. ROH BLL 9 A ey HT BA SS EH TB ESC A more... than...” > BB , $5 KE EL wt 7 9 3 pS WAS a NS WA SS BE — i EB BPE, BE REG, PEL a CH Bg PE HE FA A FE JG1¥1 Bi “NOT GIVEN”. ORMMZAB 6 SF AEM 6—Test 2—Reading Passage 3 45 2 B ISLEL: For the earliest tribes, the concept of sufficiency was more important than the concept of quantity. ROR JG AE OR FRAY OBIE PO FE SE te eo A HS #H , EERE HAW “more important than”, 3CP AHR MY) PY Z9“... more of the kind Js this enough? rather than How many?” FH (#) Eb BEX AAIEIy HW “more... rather than (45 +--+ ILE), RHBR DPMCRKAALERT RPM RAA, Ast Te “TRUE”, ORRMZAB7 SSF HEB 6—Test 2—Reading Passage 3. Si —Be {8 i: Early peoples found it easier to count by using their fingers rather than a group of pebbles. ROP IMA EAE A HEE KS FA, SAAT a7’ Hl oN ae mS) 29 92 aR 28 BUR FA FH CEN TA”, end Ae EY GES RIA Hy KW “easier... rather than...” SCP it Xt HV AY AN “AL first it may have been grains or pebbles but now it is a memorized sequence of words...” , FEF IF S45 W Be fE (Fl “pebbles” “fingers” #4) HL BE K , HAAS AE AN] 1 Lit alt Bf $8 E47 “NOT GIVEN”. ORMMSAE 8 | BF AEE. 6—Test 1—Reading Passage 2. C Be SGA: Japan imports more meat and steel than France. RoE PLATS FE I AY 9 Ee Be aH Eg AS Ee PRL 2 A” HE "more... than” E, TSC RAAT NAY BBN“... accounting for about 70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40% — 50% in America, Britain and Japan”, {8 S248 52% RPRWBAF HO (output), LUA LALAKARABRURKA, MULAN “NOT GIVEN", - Fa-6-2 AUORA AME RAE fe Eb AE GACH A RE A HICH RAARRAA, A BY, LRG A PB A BR 9 — 7 ) 98 > A: RE RS A, FR aE WAS Ba) RT) A TER, TLS EE I A PR A A due to, result in, result from, lead to, because of, attribute to FT FR (]3H A IL Hh Bi BORE FR —HI5, ORRNSAB 1 During the industrial revolution and population explosion of the 19th and 20th centuries, the demand for water rose dramatically. Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people. Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food. Nearly one-fifth of all the electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines spunby the power of falling water. YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO. if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if itis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this BH; Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems. RoR AH AY SC REA Ha ABE AS HSA J A, eA J ER” EP A) PHN “due to" EX, WA, LP HRRRSBEA RK RMTKB— PPM WLM BIST AW “because of”, H“due to” fle] MC iF), PLL, A AE wR I Aas 2 th 8 SO BT DL Be cee “YES” AY FUT. oN = \* arta 0 el 1a ORRNSAG 2 What explains this remarkable turn of events? Two factors: people have figured out how to use water more efficiently, and communities are rethinking their priorities for water use. Throughout the first three-quarters of the 20th century, the quantity of freshwater consumed per person doubled on average; in the USA, water withdrawals increased tenfold while the population quadrupled. But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry. In 1965, for instance, Japan used approximately 13 million gallons of water to produce $1 million of commercial output; by 1989 this had dropped to 3.5 million gallons (even accounting for inflation) — almost a quadrupling of water productivity. In the USA, water withdrawals have fallen by more than 20% from their peak in 1980. YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO. if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this < RIB: Modern technologies have led to a reduction in domestic water consumption. ROH FRAY POC EB “UR A LT RE IK A” SEP IRA AA “ed to”. iit SCP AE ths A RRS He OR BEATTY LA TA Bb Sth BIC P “thanks to a range of new technologies...” , 1 4 %& “thanks to( Bia F )” i) MH T “led to” AYIA) Lil , HELLA AE BY VU He Mi BYES”, 29SN a se cnet Me a ° ORMMSAG 3 ‘The banana plant is the largest herbaceous flowering plant. Plants are normally tall and fairly sturdy and are often mistaken for trees, but their main or upright stem is actually a pseudo stem that grows 6 to 7.6 meters (20 to 24.9 ft) tall, growing from a corm. Each pseudo stem can produce a single bunch of bananas. After fruiting, the pseudo stem dies, but offshoots may develop from the base of the plant. Leaves are spirally arranged and may grow 2.7 meters (8.9 ft) long and 60 em (2.0 ft) wide. They are easily torn by the wind, resulting in the familiar frond look. Each pseudo stem normally produces a single inflorescence, also known as the banana heart. (More are sometimes produced; an exceptional plant in the Philippines produced five.) The inflorescence contains many bracts (sometimes incorrectly called petals) between rows of flowers. The female flowers (that can develop into fruit) appear in rows further up the stem from the rows of male flowers. The ovary is inferior, meaning that the tiny petals and other flower parts appear at the tip of the ovary. Banana fruit develop from the banana heart, in a large hanging cluster, made up of tiers (called hands) with up to 20 fruit to a tier. The hanging cluster is known as a bunch, comprising 3—20 tiers, or commercially as a “banana stem”, and can weigh from 30—S0 kilograms (66—110 Ib). In common usage, bunch applies to part of a tier containing 3—10 adjacent fruits. Individual banana fruits (commonly known as a banana or “xfinger"), average 125 grams (0.28 Ib), of which approximately 75% is water and 25% dry matter. There is an protective outer layer (a peel or skin) with numerous long, thin strings (the phloem bundles), which run lengthwise between the skin and the edible inner portion. The inner part of the common yellow dessert variety splits easily lengthwise into three sections that correspond to the inner portions of the three carpels. ‘The fruit has been described as a “leathery berry”. In cultivated varieties, the seeds are diminished nearly to non-existence; their remnants are tiny black specks in the interior of the fruit, Bananas grow pointing up, not hanging down. Bananas are the staple starch of many tropical populations, Depending upon cultivar and ripeness, the flesh can vary in taste from starchy to sweet, and texture from firm to mushy. Both skin and inner part can be eaten raw or cooked. Bananas’ flavor is due, amongst other chemicals, which is one of the main constituents of banana oil. During the ripening process, because bananas produce a plant hormone called ethylene, which indirectly affects the flavor. Among other things, ethylene stimulates the formation of amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar, influencing the taste of bananas. The greener, less ripe bananas contain higher levels of starch and, consequently, have a “starchier" taste. On the other hand, yellow bananas taste sweeter due to higher sugar concentrations. Furthermore, ethylene signals the production of pectinase, an enzyme which breaks down the pectin between the cells of the banana, causing the banana to soften as it ripens.if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if itis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 40.6. The flavors of banana are different from each other indirectly due to a plant hormone called ethylene. RO ARES, PRATT AR te RE AB) TJ — BS — 0) IR AR ABSY “During the ripening process, because bananas produce a plant hormone called ethylene, which indirectly affects the flavor.” 36°F , 3CF fH “because (Ai 79 )" [F] CAF RE TMH AY “due to”, TSC FAT “indirectly ( (2) #248 )” 58 B48 FF), ATLAS A a HUI YES, ORRMSAG 4 S15 HEME. 7—Test 2—Reading Passage 3 38 —BE HE: Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community. RI ACHE) 3 AB “A We FB) BF) ERE Sb A EAT IRF SE SEP, URW “because”, RX PH RAIL W “therefore( Atk)”, Hb FA FAT ial, STM “TRUE”, (038111 AB) 3c oF HR HF “confined to particular geographical areas (FR thi] ZE 45 5) AY 3th HBX Sek)” THY SF aE A HP 45 “European Economic Community (WX BHFE IIH)", FLA 7 234) 1 25 “FALSE” *NPARKAN ARH OAT — A, AER B09 BB d 9 SC fae — BH, ORRMSABS SVHEAEAL 7—Test 4—Reading Passage 1 98 Ii BE HIB: The success of the actual experiment was due to the high speed of the wind. ROR ABH) EB 0“ SK BRT We AY ALI FL a FH A” 0D SCHR AY SRD A ts BE LAB AT “aah ee” AY FR FLY 8 SLE “due to”. Ti PAL EF 3 PB oN ra + BASSE o 0 I i*“ye 3p 92 CR 32 i T RUEA BE “Little more than half...( RAE—ES— A)”, SBP AH “high speed” IES FER. PUIG EL RY IR AAW AG BE, FR ATT eR A 5 CR , EAT VA SR FUN “FALSE” . Be Fa- 6-3 MEL aE RAR aT Ea ooh Si bb BE KY He BEE A) RE R OIHb IRA — A EA RY TS GB Se Bh HA TER HY 7 AE, tH RAE HG KH HE, TE SE BARAT HSE, ORRNSAB1 The history of human civilization is entwined with the history of the ways we have learned to manipulate water resources. As towns gradually expanded, water was brought from increasingly remote sources, leading to sophisticated engineering efforts such as dams and aqueducts. At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today. During the industrial revolution and population explosion of the 19th and 20th centuries, the demand for water rose dramatically. Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people. Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food. Nearly one-fifth of all the electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines spun by the power of falling water. YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO. if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 4&1 Hl: Modern water systems imitate those of the ancient Greeks and Romans. ROT A BUY REE Ya LAL RT ET A A DO ARB HEPA SEN wh A Wy “imitate (BUR )” , BE A BRAT BERT — Ma A PF EAT VRP AE SDF ASCARIER A th BE “imitate” 9 FF] ERE , LARS $29 “NOT GIVEN”, ORRUSAB 2 Fortunately — and unexpectedly — the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted. As a result, the pressure to build new water infrastructures has diminished over the past two decades. Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed. And in a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen. e Yes if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer i} NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 80.48: Industrial growth is increasing the overall demand for water. RD ALN) EF Tb FR TEE DE Fk OR”, HHT SE BTA “increase (HF DM)” HEAR A AY AG, TDC HP BA HEL A 48 29 “the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased...”, 3¢ + A 74) 1029 “decrease (WE {Kk )” , IEF JE “increase” HZ Xia] , Ht Lhasa BY LEE HT 5 “NO” © RUNSAG 3 A pencil is a writing implement or art medium usually constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing. The case prevents the core from breaking, and also from marking the user's hand during use. Pencils create marks via physical abrasion, leaving behind a trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface. They are noticeably distinct from pens, which dispense liquid or gel ink that stain the light color of the paper. Most pencil cores are made of graphite mixed with a clay binder, leaving grey or black marks that can be easily erased. Graphite pencils are used for both writing and drawing, and the result is durable: although writing can usually be removed with an eraser, it is resistant to moisture, most chemicals, ultraviolet radiation and natural aging. Other types of pencil core are less widely used. Charcoal pencils are mainly used by artists for drawing and sketching. Colored pencils are sometimes used by teachers or editors to correct submitted texts but are more usually regarded as art supplies, especially those with sj SN sae oes 33oN a exc “ie waxy core binders that tend to smear on paper instead of erasing. Grease pencils have a softer crayon-like waxy core that can leave marks on smooth surfaces such as glass or porcelain. The most common type of pencil casing is a thin wooden cylinder permanently bonded around the core. Similar permanent casings may be constructed of other materials such as plastic or paper. In order to use the pencil, the casing must be carved or peeled off to expose the working end of the core as a sharp point. Mechanical pencils have more elaborate casings that support mobile pieces of pigment core, which can be extended or retracted through the casing tip as needed. Some time before 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), an enormous deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England. The locals found that it was very useful for marking sheep. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. This remains the only large scale deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form. Chemistry was in its infancy and the substance was thought to be a form of lead. Consequently, it was called plumbago (Latin for “lead ore”). The black core of pencils is still referred to as lead, even though it never contained the element lead. In German, the word for pencil still is Bleistift, literally lead stick. ‘The value of graphite was soon realised to be enormous, mainly because it could be used to line the moulds for cannonballs, and the mines were taken over by the Crown and guarded. When sufficient stocks of graphite had been accumulated, the mines were flooded to prevent theft until more was required. Graphite had to be smuggled out for use in pencils. Because graphite is soft, it requires some form of case. Graphite sticks were at first wrapped in string or in sheepskin for stability. The news of the usefulness of these early pencils spread far and wide, attracting the attention of artists all over the known world. if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if itis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 44, A: For the purpose of using pencil, the outer wooden cover has to be cut off to reveal the functioning end of the core. ROH PRR TS , BEAT AER eR A EL 9 3 Ra TB SD HB Bh HA BB 4} “In order to use the pencil, the casing must be carved or peeled off to expose the working end of the core as a sharp point.” 3+ (9iHiH#) i129 “carved or peeled off (HI MARI)”, SHEE PY “cun off (BREE) WLLL, BFLURELFLITIN YES.ORRNSAB 4 | RAE IR 7—Test 2—Reading Passage 1 5 —- BE HEEL: The Hanshin earthquake of 1995 destroyed the pagoda at the Toji temple. RT HAE ES , AAAS AEM A TE TIRE Bi “destroy (SEME)”, FAME IC AYR 9 UE “unscathed (28 At 65 )” . HEL SDRC A ET, DA A ATT LT A a 3 BNO”, ORRNSAB 5S I BFAEAR 7—Test 2—Reading Passage 1 i = BE 40 Fl: The builders of pagodas knew how to absorb some of the power produced by severe weather conditions. RE AS HBL) FRE ABR gOS Se SE TA I RUA OK BE a”, JAGR AIE hid H “knew (MM, THE)”, BA, R-ABSEM PRR AAI? RMRAARRMT IP Hy HR “Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about...” F€ PSC 5 fit FH ETH FB ah Ta] BE “knew” » BORE, A AE ATE AT DA HH Aa “YES” 89) FUT. O RRNA 6 HF HER 7—Test 4—Reading Passage 2 8 — BE §WIEI: Alaska’s fisheries are owned by some of the world’s largest companies. ROR ‘BE 6) 5 Ss * BAL eH) eH ae BY ZS TB” EG ED iAiB Bi “owned by (E+ WA)”. RPS ZAM MANY “... fisheries have developed into some of the largest in the world” , #¢°F 9 i818 3114] W “developed into( # EAL FA)” FRA BLE A” EAR. 9 DR Be HE 9 “NOT GIVEN” ORBMZAG 7 2IBFARE, 7—Test 2—Reading Passage 2 98—FE +, Baoan FE] AGS cree 35aN = ie ° 2 92 ARE AMF: Several species of wildlife in the British countryside are declining. RGR ARB 99 BE AB BE DS TY SL eS AR” (ELE B IA “decline(HA)” b, MAG ZAR ML AY ABD HR FA M9 Ze... have vanished from huge stretches of countryside...(--+-+ 2 )A KEAN) & [YH ABA, HO a MGB FA“is declining” IA] X88 T “have vanished”, BF UAA BUH “YES” . es a: 6-4 PTHEEABA HA BRANT HERA SR 7 eR HS — I TO A 9 TIE ASHEN GAS MBAR A, BBA HASTA TL AIR I AB ELA ME Dy TE 2 FS RVE, ULIEial IC —- fA ,300,000, 43%, more than half, almost, only, all of, most of, a few of, perfect, ete. PHRMA ELF OLE, ORRMSAB 1 Beforehand, the students have been carefully prepared for the language learning experience. Through meeting with the staff and satisfied students they develop the expectation that leaming will be easy and pleasant and that they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign language during the class. In a preliminary talk, the teacher introduces them to the material to be covered, but does not “teach” it, Likewise, the students are instructed not to try to learn it during this introduction. if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN __ if there is no information on this {GEL Prior to the suggestopedia class, students are made aware that the language experience will be demanding. RT ARS AY ACRE Hy “ER ARR AT, LAE A AR Bt OA RAS SF I EK” , FE SP FAS BE TALL Ie A ial “demanding (ARM KAKA)”, SPAR MAW... they develop the expectation that learning will be easy and pleasant ...", 3€47 #4 “casy and pleasant fit 2 #118 tH ) "tH 4 “demanding” MUR M238, AULA LH WEY “FALSE”,ORRMSAB 2 According to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), Alaska’s commercial fisheries landed hundreds of thousands of tonnes of shellfish and herring, and well over a million tones of groundfish (cod, sole, perch and pollock) in 2000. The true cultural heart and soul of Alaska’s fisheries, however, is salmon, “Salmon,” notes writer Susan Ewing in The Great Alaska Nature Factbook, "pump through Alaska like blood through a heart, bringing thythmic, circulating nourishment to land, animals and people.” The predictable abundance of salmon allowed some native cultures to flourish, and dying spawners feed bears, eagles, other animals, and ultimately the soil itself, All five species of Pacific salmon — chinook, or king; chum, or dog; coho, or silver; sockeye, or red; and pink, or humpback-spawn in Alaskan waters, and 90% of all Pacific salmon commercially caught in North America are produced there. Indeed, if Alaska was an independent nation, it would be the largest producer of wild salmon in the world. During 2000, commercial catches of Pacific salmon in Alaska exceeded 320,000 tonnes, with an exvessel value of over $US260 million. TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN __ if there is no information on this. S08: More than 320,000 tonnes of salmon were caught in Alaska in 2000. RB AS AL 9 EB “2000 AE ARTE 32 FHL AY = MC Ae TE BAT TINT DO BS”, ARTS 1 Ay) HS FE AE AS AEM iA] “more than (320,000 tonnes) ( Bit 32 FUME)”, PSHE AEA PGB A “exceeded (320,000 tonnes) (#0L 32 FME)”, A IL, ARTA AS Ae HE SL Rea A “more than” fll“exceeded” Fiat, FLAME WT 9 “TRUE”. © MRNSAS 3 Plastics can be classified by chemical structure, namely the molecular units that make up the polymer’s backbone and side chains. Some important groups in these classifications are the acrylics, polyesters, silicones, polyurethanes, and halogenated plastics. Plastics can also be classified by the chemical process used in their synthesis, such as condensation, poly-addition, and cross-linking. Other classifications are based on qualities that are relevant for manufacturing or product design. Examples of such classes are the thermoplastic and thermo-set, elastomer, structural, biodegradable, and electrically conductive. Plastics can also be classified by various physical properties, such as density, tensile strength, glass transition temperature, and aN Ta os, NOIRE FT “0 il “i 58 37oN a A 2 oR 82 CARN 38 resistance to various chemical products. Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility, and imperviousness to water, plastics are used in an enormous and expanding range of products, from paper clips to spaceships. They have already displaced many traditional materials, such as wood; stone; horn and bone; leather; paper; metal; glass; and ceramic, in most of their former uses. The use of plastics is constrained chiefly by their organic chemistry, which seriously limits their hardness, density, and their ability to resist heat, organic solvents, oxidation, and ionizing radiation. In particular, most plastics will melt or decompose when heated to a few hundred degrees Celsius. While plastics can be made electrically conductive to some extent, they are still no match for metals like copper or aluminum. Plastics are still too expensive to replace wood, concrete and ceramic in bulky items like ordinary buildings, bridges, dams, pavement, and railroad ties. Common thermoplastics range from 20,000 to 500,000 amu, while thermosets are assumed to have infinite molecular weight. These chains are made up of many repeating molecular units, known as repeat units, derived from monomers; each polymer chain will have several thousand repeating units. The vast majority of plastics are composed of polymers of carbon and hydrogen alone or with oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine or sulfur in the backbone. (Gome of commercial interests are silicon based.) The backbone is that part of the chain on the main “path” linking a large number of repeat units together. To customize the properties of a plastic, different molecular groups “hang” from the backbone (usually they are “hung” as part of the monomers before linking monomers together to form the polymer chain). This fine tuning of the properties of the polymer by repeating unit's molecular structure has allowed plasties to become such an indispensable part of twenty first-century world. Some plastics are partially crystalline and partially amorphous in molecular structure, giving them both a melting point (the temperature at which the attractive intermolecular forces are overcome) and one or more glass transitions (temperatures above which the extent of localized molecular flexibility is substantially increased). The so-called semi-crystalline plastics include polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (vinyl chloride), polyamides (nylons), pol- yesters and some poly-urethanes. Many plastics are completely amorphous, such as polystyrene and its copolymers, poly (methyl methacrylate), and all thermo-sets. YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO. if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this. SHG: Plastic can be produced superconductive for electricity. RT ARAB BEG, FAT AE A A OA HET & Fl “superconductive (#8 F 89)” , MRT A 89 Wy 4 2 WO 4% = 4) “While plastics can be made electrically conductive to some extent,