“ee 9p 82 GEN 136 Answers and Explanations 1. FALSE C489 “by one or both parents” 45 *PA9"it has to take both parents” #9 PRIE HH fF, 2. TRUE 3¢*# #9 “taken on by the extended family” % Fl FP (“served by other family members instead of parents” . 3. NOT GIVEN X28448K“help to build... facilities" fH M71 , 4. FALSE 3C*P EH “three main types” 5 'P f“in total five major ways” £4 BRB ATE 5.NOT GIVEN C4284 #2 RK“are often very busy themselves” ff [al i, Vocabulary 1. orphanage: a home for children whose parents are dead SLJLWE Bee 5 PE — BS FAA 3. delegate: to give part of your work, power or authority to sb. in a lower position than you HAL) AE (Le WG BH (BF BR) 4, childminder: a person, usually a woman, who is paid to care for children while their parents are at work. A childminder usually does this in his or her own home 32 /# RABY Fi 6 HSE BO RP Be a A tee) 2. household: all the people living together in a house —%&. Got to Know Childcare or babycare is the act of caring for and supervising children from O—16 years of age. (In Australia, day care is referred to as “childcare”.) JU4830 44 + BERT AY JL BEAR A JL ER, © Passage 3 Glacier Glaciers are categorized in many ways including by their morphology, thermal characte- risties, or their behavior. Two common types of glaciers are Alpine glaciers, which originate in mountains, and Continental ice sheets, which cover larger areas. Alpine glaciers form on mountain slopes and are also known as mountain, niche, or cirque glaciers. An Alpine glacier that fills a valley is referred to as a valley glacier. Larger glaciers that cover an entire mountain, mountain chain, or voleano are known as an ice cap or ice field, such as the Juneau Icefield. Ice caps feed outlet glaciers, tongues of ice that extend into valleys below, far from the margins of the larger ice masses. Do the following statements agree with the information given in Passage 3?if the statement agrees with the information if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN fit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 1. Glaciers could be classified based on different standards. 2. The two ordinary kinds of glacier are all created in mountain areas. 3. Continental ice sheets can be found around the globe. 4, Some glaciers are stretched away to a great degree from the edges of major ice bodies. Answers and Explanations 1. YES C+ ft8“are categorized in many ways" lA] Fil" 89 “classified based on different standards”, 2. NO 3C*F “Alpine glaciers, which originate in mountains ,and Continental ice sheets, which cover larger areas” #7 SE" A — PH BK, 53 Sb — RB TR BK YK, AL JSP HY “two ... all created in mountain areas” fH) BRIE HATE , 3. NOT GIVEN 304824748 2e“can be found around the globe" #8 (1A, 4. YES 3CP 89 “tongues of ice that extenc [5] FAG "P AY “stretched away to a great degree from the edges of major ice bodies” . “far from the margins of the larger ice masses” Vocabulary 1, morphology: the form and structure of animals and plants, studied as a science HAS TE Bi 2. thermal: connected with heat #4 ; HH 9) 3. Alpine: existing in or connected with high mountains, especially the Alps in Central Europe FLAY ; (Jt48 Pbk ) Bal A PTL AY. 4. continental: forming part of, or typical of, any of the seven main land masses of the earth FOES; FO AD 5. margin: the extreme edge or limit of a place 21% , 418 , BL Got to Know A glacier (2KJII) is a perennial mass of ice which moves over land. 137ey HORS ° +7 9a 92 Cama | 138 Sentence Completion (#+24F i) Category © Passage 1 Hydropower Hydropower produces essentially no carbon dioxide or other harmful emissions, in contrast to buming fossil fuels, and is not a significant contributor to global warming through CO,, Hydroelectric power ean be far less expensive than electricity generated from fossil fuels or nuclear energy. Areas with abundant hydroelectric power attract industry. Environmental coneems about the effects of reservoirs may prohibit development of economic hydropower sources. ‘The chief advantage of hydroelectric dams is their ability to handle seasonal high peak loads. When the electricity demands drop, the dam simply stores more water (which provides releases). Some electricity generators use water dams to store excess more flow when energy (often during the night), by using the electricity to pump water up into a basin. Electricity can be generated when demand increases. In practice the utilization of stored water in river dams is sometimes complicated by demands for irrigation which may occur out of phase with peak electrical demands. ‘Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage to complete each of the following sentences. 1. Compared with fossil fuel, hydropower certainly does not release carbon dioxide, which is a leading source on - 2. In terms of electricity production, hydropower is much less costly than fossil fuel or 3. The negative impact of ‘on environment might retard advancement of hydropower in economic terms. 4. One of the major benefits of dams is that they possess capability of coping with seasonal 5. In reality, of reserved water in dams can be difficult and sophisticated from time to time in response to agricultural demands. Answers and Explanations 1, global warming 4) —- BE Hk JG — 4") $28) T “a significant contributors to global waming through CO;", 2. nuclear energy 9% — 8&9} —/a]# T “from fossil fuels or nuclear energy” 3. reservoirs $8 — Bt —/A]2#31) T “about the effects of reservoirs may prohibit developmentof economic hydropower sources” » 4. high peak loads 9 = £54 #23) T “to handle seasonal high peak loads” . 5. utilization 9. Jaa 45) #2 BI) T “the utilization of stored water in river dams” Vocabulary 1, essentially: completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity; vital 5é 2:2) 3h , is A6 WY b> St Ak A BE 2. emission: the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, ete. (6 #4 U4§ 89) HH BY th AEE 3. abundant: existing in large quantities; more than enough KHL ; # 2E 0) ; 30% 4) 4, reservoir: a natural or artificial lake where water is stored before it is taken by pipes to houses, etc. KE; 87K TE 5. prohibit: to stop something from being done or used especially by law (Ji9% LAHK ) BIE 6. peak: the point when somebody / something is best, most successful, strongest, etc. Li; me Got to Know Hydropower ( LA 7k 1) it 2 ft) #8 7) — hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. © Passage 2 International Tourism There has been an upmarket trend in the tourism over the last few decades, especially in Europe, where intemational travel for short breaks is common. Tourists have higher levels of disposable income and greater leisure time and they are also better-educated and have more sophisticated tastes. There is now a demand for better quality products, which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market for beach vacations; people want more specialized versions, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels. The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low- cost aitlines and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable. WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time. There have also been changes in lifestyle, such as retiree-age people who sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet sales of tourism products. Some sites have now started to offer dynamic packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted for @ tailor-made package requested by the customer upon impulse. Choose ONE phrase from the list below to complete each of the following sentences.aN i ts ° 9" SR 92 CARH 140 . International travel . Nowadays Tourists . WHO calculated . Changes in lifestyle A. Make better earnings and have more spare time at their disposal. B. Has not been popular for a long time. C. Any moment population travel by air can be significantly plenty. D. More people would like to take an air tour. E, Is pretty ordinary for small amount of holiday time in Europe. F. Are evidenced by pensioners enjoying long-term tours. G. Have more money for education. H. Were among those who want to retire. Answers and Explanations 1. E_ “ordinary for small amount of holiday time” iff 3.18 T JR.SCH4)“short breaks is common”, BUA THEM 2.A. “better earnings and have more spare time at their disposal” ii 8% T JH (4 “higher levels of disposable income and greater leisure time”, G HF HUA , SE CA RE T JSC AY “estimates that up to 3. C “travel by air can be significantly plent 500,000 people”. D RFR , 4. F “pensioners enjoying long-term tours” year round tourism”, H FRED, SRF T RICH “retiree-age people who sustain Vocabulary 1. disposable: available for use "I ai FH 84 ; 7 A th Ac AY 2. resort: a place where a lot of people go on holiday / vacation ii hf EE J (Bt Rest 3. niche: a comfortable or suitable role, job, way of life, etc. #38 MARL AY PE (BRA TE ) 4. infrastructure: the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization, for example buildings, transport, water and power supplies and administrative systems (ABQ HLA9 49 ) RE RNAS hts , AE EE 5. retiree: a person who has stopped working because of their age 381 A 5A 38 16% 6. pensioner: (especially British English) a person who is receiving a pension, especially from the government FF (BLIB Ae till Se ) A© Passage 3 Digital Library A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other media) and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is a type of information retrieval system. The advantages of digital libraries as a means of easily and rapidly accessing books, archives and images of various types are now widely recognized by commercial interests and public bodies alike. Traditional libraries are limited by storage space; digital libraries have the potential to ow Ta store much more information, simply because digital information requires very little physical space to contain it. As such, the cost of maintaining a digital library is much lower than that of a traditional library. A traditional library must spend large sums of money paying for staff, book maintenance, ae rent, and additional books. Digital libraries may reduce or, in some instances, do away with these fees. Both types of library require cataloguing input to allow users to locate and retrieve 0 material. Digital libraries may be more willing to adopt innovations in technology providing users with improvements in electronic and audio book technology as well as presenting new OES SRR NG forms of communication such as wikis and blogs; conventional libraries may consider that providing online access to their OPAC catalogue is sufficient. An important advantage to digital conversion is increased accessibility to users. They also increase availability to individuals who may not be traditional patrons of a library, due to geographic location or organizational alfiliation. Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below. 1. A digital library is a place where information and data are kept in 2. Digital libraries have much more capacity to contain information than traditional libraries do, and one of the reasons is for keeping the information digital data demands much less 3. Neither digital libraries nor gitendisckharaicens find and obtain inform- ation they need without _<§{ — A. cataloguing input B. Heil S D. physical space E. improvements CA TE-GQ 720290808 — Answers and Explanations 1, B 38-8238 —}439 T “are stored in digital formats(as opposed to print, microform, or 141oN Ta Eis 2 227 99 92 CARRERE other media)", F 25 FHM , 2.) ®—BUB—S)A T “digital information requires very little physical space”, EH FRM, 3.4 38 = 6235 004) 42 8 T “providing online access to their OPAC catalogue is sufficient” , CHAT RAM, Vocabulary L. digital: using a system of receiving and sending information as a series of the numbers one not there CPB ASEM ; BAB and zero, showing that an electronic signal is there o1 BY Se ShAN , BCA 2. retrieval: the process of getting something back, especially from a place where it should not be Hele , 2 3. commercial: connected with the buying and selling of goods and services 9 5 (1) ; Hk 69 4. innovation ;the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something (331%) 4B BOAT TE AY ) Oe 5 OB 5. patron: a person who uses a particular shop / store, restaurant, theatre, etc. 2E/A; AM ; BE 6. affiliation: one group or organization’s official connection with another 4/8 ; SUB Category IV: Matching ( Bx} © Passage 1 Brain Fitness Like physical fitness, brain fitness can be improved by various challenging activities such as playing chess or bridge, dancing regularly, practicing yoga and tai chi and also by engaging in more structured computer based workouts. Some research shows that brain stimulation ean help prevent age-related cognitive decline, reverse behavioral assessment declines in dementia and Alzheimer’s, and can also improve normally functioning minds. In experiments, comparing some computer based brain boosting exercises to other computer based activities, brain exercises were found to improve attention and memory in people over age 60. Other studies have evaluated other brain boosting exercises and not found improvements. A study of 67 schoolchildren aged 10 compared 7 week Nintendo brain training to engaging in pen and paper puzzles. The study found that the brain training group suffered a 17 per cent decrease in memory tests after the seven week course, while the pen and paper group saw an increase of 33 per cent. Some experts are skeptical with regard to the real value of particular commercial brain boosting products. For example, a panel ofexperts gathered by Magazine have concluded that “Dr Kawashima’s Brain “Training” for the Nintendo DS will not enhance brainpower at all. However, other researchers underline the growing amount of studies indicating that some commercial brain training products have shown measurable results in improving various cognitive skills. Match each training type with the outcome with which itis associated in Passage | 1, Computer based brain exercises 2. Brain training group _ . 3. Pen and paper group 4, Commercial brain training products A. demonstrated remarkable developments in terms of furthering mental processing ; techniques ! B. made a significant progress in the tests } C. did not show a positive change in memory exams after a certain period of training | D. were not found any progress | E. were discovered to help some senior citizens enhance their concentration and memory { F, could prevent age-related diseases Answers and Explanations 1. EE ie 3R Ae E T URIC AY H “brain exercises were found to improve attention and memory in people over age 60”, C PETE IRUFE T SRSC HO HHUA“ suffered a 17 per cent decrease in memory tests after the seven week course”, 3. B Be SIE YR T IRC A9 THE “saw an increase of 33 per cent”, 4.4. ABOU SCAPRET IRSICADRE “shown measurable results in improving various cognitive skills”, Vocabulary 1. yoga and tai chi: 474i , AHR 2. stimulation: arousing the interest and excitement #3 ; 42, WAH ; BSE 3. assessment: an opinion or a judgment about somebody / something that has been thought about very carefully 4% 534 4. boost: to make something increase, or become better or more successful (# S#1€ ; (94 E 4 5. skeptical: unwilling to believe sth. often doubting that claims, statements, ete are true # ERE AS HE 6. cognitive: connected with mental processes of understanding HA 89 ; 8 9008, iAILAS 143To ° Sp 92 RED a Got to Know ‘The term brain fitness (ii fi# 5/88 fi ) reflects a hypothesis maintained or improved by exercising the brain, in analogy to the way physical fitness is that cognitive abilities can be improved by exercising the body. © Passage 2 « Salmon In Alaska, the crossing-over to other streams allows salmon to populate new streams, such as those that emerge as a glacier retreats. The precise method salmon use to navigate has not been established, though their keen sense of smell is involved. In all species of Pacific salmon, the mature individuals die within a few days or weeks of spawning a trait known as semelparity. However, even in those species of salmon that may survive to spawn more than once, post-spawning mortality is quite high (perhaps as high as 40% to 50%). ‘The salmon spend about one to five years (depending on the species) in the open ocean where they become sexually mature. The adult salmon retums primarily to its natal stream to spawn, Atlantic salmon spend between one and four years at sea. Prior to spawning, depending on the species, salmon undergo changes. They may grow a hump, develop canine teeth, develop a kype (a pronounced curvature of the jaws in male salmon). All will change from the silvery blue of a fresh run fish from the sea to a darker color. Salmon can make amazing journeys, sometimes moving hundreds of miles upstream against strong currents and rapids to reproduce. Chinook and sockeye salmon from central Idaho, for example, travel over 900 miles (1,400 km) and climb nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m) from the Pacifie Ocean as they return to spawn. Condition tends to deteriorate the longer the fish remain in fresh water, and they then deteriorate further after they spawn, when they known as kelts, Between 2% and 4% of Atlantic salmon kelts su fe to spawn again, all females. Classify the following prescriptions as being NB You may use any letter more than once. A. Pacific salmon B, Atlantic salmon C. Chinook and sockeye salmon 1, Salmons travel a very long distance and conquer a remarkable height from the Pacific Ocean to give birth to the young. 2. Adult salmons die several days or weeks after reproduction. 3. Only very small portion of female salmons can survive after spawning and reproduce again.4, Salmons slay at sea for a period of one to four years to become sexually mature. Answers and Explanations 1. C “travel a very long distance and conquer a remarkable height to” i RFE T ESCH “travel over 900 miles (1,400 km) and climb nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m)” 2. A “Adult ... die several days or weeks after reproduction” 32 5.48 T JHC (4 “mature individuals die within a few days or weeks of spawning”. 3. B_ “Only very small portion of female salmons can survive” if X## T HEH “Between 2% and 4% of Atlantic salmon kelts survive, all females” , 4. B “stay at sea for a period of one to four years” i 5 i FT RICH “between one and four years at sea”, Vocabulary 1. populate: to live in an area and form its population inhabit J& fF ; 4 ¥8 T ; #9 ay Aa 2. navigate: to find your position or the position of your ship, plane, car etc. and the direction you need to go in, for example by using a map “P/%t ; WHE (AS CHL MAE) 01 RATT fa 3. spawn: of fish, frogs, etc. ffi iF to lay eges 7° 58 4, mortality: the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time JET RCH; JET Es 5. deteriorate: to become worse ZE > ; 4b ; iB 1b. Got to Know Salmon (St ; 598 8 ) is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae (SEF). © Passage 3 Noise The elevated sound levels cause trauma to the cochlear structure in the inner ear, which ives rise to irreversible hearing loss. A very loud sound in a particular frequency range can damage the cochlea hair cells that respond to that range thereby reducing the ear’s ability to hear those frequencies in the future. However, loud noise in any frequency range has deleterious effects across the entire range of human hearing. The outer ear (visible portion of the human ear) combined with the middle ear amplifies sound levels by a factor of 20 when sound reaches the inner ear. 14522 9 92 ble occupational noise demonstrate significantly reduced hearing sensitivity than their non- Hearing loss is somewhat inevit age. Though older males exposed to significant exposed peers, differences in hearing sensitivity decrease with time and the two groups are indistinguishable by age 79. Women exposed to occupational noise do not differ from their peers in hearing sensitivity, though they do hear better than their nonexposed male counterparts Due to loud music and a generally noisy environment, young people in the United States have a rate of impaired hearing 2.5 times greater than their parents and grandparents, with an estimated 50 million individuals with impaired hearing estimated in 2050. Noise has been associated with important cardiovascular health problems. In 1999, the World Health Organization concluded that the available evidence suggested a weak association between long-term noise exposure above 67—70 dB and hypertension, More recent studies have suggested that noise levels of 50 dB at night may also increase the risk of myocardial infarction by chronically elevating cortisol production. Match each group with the outcome with which it is associated in Passage 3. 1. Older males 2. Women 3. Young people in the United States Demonstrated a weak association between long-term noise exposure above 67—70 dB and hypertension . Were over two times worse in damaged hearing than those one or two generations ago. Who suffered from occupational noise showed no difference in hearing sensitivity from other people at the same age level. nal noise. . Showed notably damage in hearing sensitivity once affected by occupat Answers and Explanations 1. D. “notably damage in hearing sensitivity” 48 4 JH 3 (“significantly reduced hearing sensitivily” 2. C “no difference in hearing sensitivity from other people at the same age level” #44 JH SCH "do not differ from their peers in hearing sensitivity”. 3. B_ “over two times worse in damaged hearing than those one or two generations ago" 4 ¥ JBC “a cate of impaired hearing 2.5 times greater than their parents and grandparents” 5Vocabulary 1. irreversible: that cannot be changed back to what it was before Ji2s 3 JH ( BRH8 El) 69 ; A ‘fe BLE A 2. frequency: the rate at which a sound wave vibrates(= moves up and down) (#8 B48 5H 64 ) SE 3. sensitivity: the quality of reacting quickly or more than usual to something #% VE ; it ft 4, indistinguishable: if two things are indistinguishable, or one is indistinguishable from the other, it is impossible to see any differences between them F230 ; Few: K S109 5. counterpart: a person or thing that has the same position or function as somebody / something else in a different place or situation WA (BRE FH AH AY A Fr 9 a Got to Know Noise health effects (8 7 Xf (i HE (1207) are the health consequences of elevated sound levels. Category V: Short-answer Question ( sa/]1 i) © Passage 1 Chocolate Until the 16th century, no European had ever heard of the popular drink from the Central and South American peoples. It was not until the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs that chocolate could be imported to Europe. In Spain it quickly became a court favorite. In a century it had spread and become popular throughout the European continent. To keep up with the high demand for this new drink, Spanish armies began enslaving Mesoamericans to produce cacao, Even with cacao harvesting becoming a regular business, only royalty and the well-connected could afford to drink this expensive import. For hundreds of years, the chocolate making process remained unchanged. When the people saw the Industrial Revolution arrive, many changes occurred that brought about the food today in its modern form. A Dutch family’s (van Houten)inventions made mass wolate bars and related products possible. In the 1700s, mechanical mills were created that squeezed out cocoa butter, which in turn helped to create production of shiny, tasty ¢ hard, durable chocolate. But, it was not until the arrival of the Industrial Revolution that these mills were put to bigger use. Not long afier the revolution cooled down, companies began advertising this new invention to sell many of the chocolate treats we see today. When new machines were produced, people began experiencing and consuming chocolate worldwide. + sincere] Dg SN mea OSaN ie # 2 2 # 148 Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from Passage | for cach answer. 1. Where did chocolate grow to be a beloved drink after Spanish took over Central and South Americas? 2. Who else could access to the costly drink except those with social influences? 3. What were invented to produce cocoa butter and the solid and long-lasting chocolate around 18th century? 4. What movement led to the achievement of much better efficiency of chocolate making machines? Answers and Explanations 1. Spanish court “soon grew to be a beloved drink” J4] fi# T JHC #4 “quickly became a court favorite” . 2. Royalty “access to the costly drink... those with social influences” FF] X fi ® T RIC 85 “well-connected could afford to drink this expensive import” 5 3. Mechanical mills “was invented to produce” f#) X ff ® T JR 3C 89 “mechanical mills were created” , 4, Industrial Revolution “much better efficiency of chocolate making machines” [5] Xf T FRSCAY“these mills were put to bigger use”, (ER, SRAFHEKS) Vocabulary 1. conquest: the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force fiE Ait ; 4 2. royalty: one or more members of a royal family E381 54 3. squeeze: to get liquid out of something by pressing or twisting it hard (JA 30% ) PEE , BF ah 4, mill: a factory that produces a particular type of material J ; fiJ~ Got to Know Chocolate comprises a number of raw and processed foods produced from the seed of the tropical eacao tree( # FH),© Passage 2 Crow As a group, the crows show remarkable examples of intelligences and Aesop's fable of The Crow and the Pitcher shows that humans have long viewed the crow as an intelligent bird, Crows and ravens often score very highly on intelligence tests. Certain species top the avian IQ scale. Wild hooded crows in Israel have learned to use bread crumbs for bait- fishing. Crows will engage in a kind of mid-air jousting, or ai order. One species, the New Caledonian Crow, has also been intensively studied recently “chicken” to establish pecking because of its ability to manufacture and use its own tools in the day-to-day search for food. These tools include “knives” cut from stiff leaves and stiff stalks of grass. Another skill involves dropping tough nuts into a heavy trafficked street and waiting for a car to crush them open, and then waiting at pedestrian lights with other pedestrians in order to retrieve the nuts. On October 5, 2007, researchers from the University of Oxford, England presented data acquired by mounting tiny video cameras on the tails of New Caledonian Crows. It turned out that they use a larger variety of tools than previously known, plucking, smoothing and bending twigs and grass stems to procure a variety of foodstuffs. Crows in Queensland, Australia have leamed how to eat the toxic cane toad by flipping the cane toad on its back and violently stabbing the throat where the skin is thinner, allowing the crow to access the non-toxic innards; their long beaks ensure that all of the innards can be removed. Recent research suggests that crows have the ability to recognize one individual human from another by facial features, Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Passage 2 for cach answer. 1. Crows as a whole demonstrate outstanding examples of 2. Certain special crows that inhabited in Israel have realized how to employ bread crusts for 3. An Australian crow knows how to eat non-poisoned insides of the 4, A study finds that crows have an ability of identifying difference among humans by Answers and Explanations L.intelligence “as a whole demonstrate outstanding” FI ARAE T SCAN"As a group .. show remarkable” , 2. bait-lishing “have realized how to employ bread crusts” Fl Xf # T JH X09 “learned to use bread crumbs" 3. (toxic) cane toad “how to eat non-poisoned insides” Fl XA FE T UESCHY “the non-toxic innards”150 4. facial features “an ability of identifying difference among humans” Fl] X fit 8 T HEX #4 “ability to recognize one individual human from another” , Vocabulary unusual or surprising in a way that causes people to take notice 4E SL&) ; 5% A; GEA 2. intelligence: the ability to lear, understand and think in a logical way about things; the ability to do this well 9) ; 79 7 3. manufacture: to produce a substance 4: 1& 7° 4: (— #4 i) 4. acquire: to gain something by your own efforts, ability or behavior (3803347, 989) 47 BRB) RG BB 5. pluck: to pull out hairs with your fingers or with tweezers fii 1% 1, remarkable: 6. innards: the organs i Oa) ide the body of a person or an animal, especially the stomach FUE ; © Passage 3 Perfume A common technique for obtaining aromatic compounds from plants, such as orange blossoms and roses is distillation, The raw material is heated and the fragrant compounds are re-collected through condensation of the distilled vapor. Steam distillation: Steam from boiling water is passed through the raw material, which drives out their volatile fragrant compounds. The condensate from distillation are settled in a Florentine flask. This allows for the easy separation of the fragrant oils from the water. The water collected from the condensate, which retains some of the fragrant compounds and oils from the raw material is called hydrosol and sometimes sold. This is most commonly used for fresh plant materials such as flowers, leaves, and stems. Dry / destructive distillation: The raw materials are directly heated in a still without a carrier solvent such as water. Fragrant compounds that are released from the raw material by the high heat often undergo anhydrous pyrolysis, which results in the formation of different fragrant compounds, and thus different fragrant notes. This method is used to obtain fragrant compounds from fossil amber and fragrant woods where an intentional “burned” or “toasted” odor is desired. Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from Passage | for each answer. 1. A usual approach to get aromas out of flowers is 2. Steam distillation is a way to utilize steam from boiling water to go through the rawmaterial and flush out inconstant _ 3. Dry or destructive distillation is an approach to acquire aromas from fragrant woods and Answers and Explanations 1. distillation 4 B838— 7988] T“A common technique for obtaining aromatic compounds from plants, such as orange blossoms and roses is distillation.” 2. fragrant compounds 3 —623— ‘J +" #24) T “Steam distillation: Steam from boiling water is passed through the raw material, which drives out their volatile fragrant compounds” , 3. fossil amber 9% = 84k Ji — 4] 4B) T “from fossil amber and fragrant woods where an 4h intentional ‘burned’ or ‘toasted’ odor is desired.” Vocabulary 1. aromatic: having a pleasant noticeable smell #4 ,7 GBR) 2. distillation: (substance made by) distilling #848;#4& 3. fragrant: having a pleasant smell #1) , 35749 4. retain: to keep something; to continue to have something G44 4979 5 02 , Hk SA 5. compound: a thing consisting of two or more separate things combined together 42 4% ; ifé ay 6. fossil: the remains of an animal or a plant which have become hard and turned into rock ha Got to Know The word perfume used today derives from the Latin “perfumum”, meaning through smoke. Perfumery, or the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt and was further refined by the Romans and Persians. Category VI: Locating Information ( R348 8231 )' © Passage 1 Shipwreck A Histori historical information; for example, studying the wreck of Mary Rose revealed information shipwrecks are attractive to maritime archaeologists because they preserve "2009 5k RAAB PRG 05 A PT RAO A He iA ME, 181about seafaring, warfare and life in the 1500s, B_ Military wrecks that were caused by a skirmish at sea are studied to find details about the historic event and reveal much about the battle that occurred. Discoveries of treasure ships, often from the period of European colonization, which sank in remote places, leaving few living witnesses, such as the Batavia, do occur but only very infrequently. C Some contemporary wrecks, such as the Prestige or Erika, are of interest primarily because of the potential harm to the environment, Other contemporary wrecks are scuttled in order to spur reef growth, such as Adolphus Busch and the Ocean Freeze. Wrecks like Adolphus Busch and many historic wrecks such as SS Thistlegorm are of interest to recreational divers who enjoy diving shipwrecks because they are often interesting to explore, provide large habitats for many types of marine life and have an interesting history. D Very few shipwrecks are famous catastrophes like the wrecks of the Titanic, Britannic, Lusitania or Estonia, There are also thousands of wrecks that were not lost at sea but have been abandoned or sunk. These are typically smaller vessels such as fishing vessels. These vessels can provide an interesting recreational dive but are usually of little interest to historians. They may pose a hazard to navigation and may be removed by port authorities. ‘These vessels are sometimes referred to as abandoned or derelicts. Reading Passage | has four paragraphs, A—D. Which paragraph contains the following information? NB You may use any letter more than once. 1. A type of shipwreck helping to study maritime wars. 2. Historie wrecks of being appealing to recreational divers. 3. Vessels with no benefits to historians and navigators. 4, Special vessels were sunken during the discovery of the New World. Answers and Explanations 1.B_ B BYH 4J351 T “Military wrecks that were caused by a skirmish at sea are studied to find details about the historic event and reveal much about the battle that occurred.” -H¥ft “a skirmish at sea” JF “maritime wars” 2.C C EERLIG — “recreational divers who enjoy diving shipwrecks because they are often interesting to explore, provide large habitats for many types of marine life and have an interesting history" *#4£21 T “recreational divers” . 3.D D B80 i 4)42 HI T “but are usually of little interest to historians. They may pose a hazard to navigation and may be removed by port authorities. These vessels are sometimes referred to as abandoned or derelicts” , #£*#X} “historians” #ll“navigation” i 7438 , 4.B B Bt — 4%) 4B) T “Discoveries of treasure ships, often from the period of European colonization” ,Vocabulary 1. archaeologist: a person who studies archaeology #7 2. skirmish: a short fight between small groups of soldiers, etc., especially one that is not planned “iA AR S+ ; AMEE ; (tA )sHLI AR 3. contemporary: belonging to the present time modern {tt (t) ; SUARH 4, recreational: connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working #5: 6 ; Ti A 5. vessel: a large ship or boat AAS; #648 Clot to King ee oa A shipwreck (2°36 (Hf; WLAB) is the remains of a ship that has wrecked, it having either been sunk or beached. © Passage 2 Forest Movement Europe A. European countries joint efforts to support Japanese organizations in their activities to stop the destruction of the rainforests by Japanese companies. This group of NGOs met under the heading Ban Japan from the Rainforest. 13 By 1992 the group had expanded considerably in size and in the issues it dealt with. Its focus was no longer Japanese companies but tropical rainforest protection and support for forest peoples in general. At a meeting in Munich, Germany, the group renamed itself the European Rainforest Movement(ERM), the European arm of the World Rainforest Movement. It chooses to be a loose movement with no formal membership and without a formal secretarial, Meetings were held twice a year, hosted by one of the participating groups and coordinated by Saskia Ozinga of FERN. It was mainly due to the activities of the groups that participated in the ERM that the tropical rainforest campaigns in Europe took off, imports of tropical timber into several European countries declined and the struggle of forest peoples, e.g. in Sarawak, Malaysia and the Amazon were headline stories. D Environmental organizations in the boreal forests who had been working in their own countries to protect these forests decided they needed outside support. The formation of the Taiga Rescue Network (TRN) in 1992 was a crucial moment. The coordinator of the TRN, Karin Lindahl, contacted Saskia Ozinga to join forces. From that moment onwards, groups working on the boreal forests joined the ERM which was by definition not only working on tropical forests. Therefore in 1994 the group decided to change its name to Forest Movement Europe (FME). = RSE ERE nO SA 153“ist ° 38 92 CR 154 Reading Passage 2 has four paragraphs, A—D. Which paragraph contains the following information? NB_ You may use any letter more than once. 1. The time when the NGOs got stronger and tackled more problems. 2. The moment that ERM worked both on boreal and tropical forests. 3. How often the meetings were held. 4, An effect of ERM campaigning against imports of tropical timbers. Answers and Explanations —$—$—$—$—$—=—<—s— —_$_—_— —————————— 1. BB ELM 4J4E 5) T “By 1992 the group had expanded considerably in size and in the issues it dealt with”. 2. D DBR 4 4)42 8) T “From that moment onwards, groups working on the boreal forests joined the ERM which was by definition not only working on tropical forests” 5 3. CC BUH A}422I T “Meetings were held twice a year, hosted by one of the participating groups and coordinated by Saskia Ozinga of FERN”, 4. C EA JG — 4) 425) T “imports of tropical timber into several European countries declined and the struggle of forest peoples” . Vocabulary 1, secretariat: the administrative department of a large international or political organization, especially the office of a Secretary General (KAY BIRR BARS AY ) BA AE , Hie Be 2. boreal: of or relating to the forest areas of the northern North Temperate Zone, dominated by coniferous trees such as spruce, spruce, fir and pine Jt f) ; 16 RUA ; ALA A 3. campaign: a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim 32 8) (42s 785 Me BEB Ye Bi) TBE GT 8 — A As Th OY 3h) 4, coordinator: person who coodinates bil] 2 Got to Know The Forest Movement Europe (FME, 8H #442 #3 Hh ) is a grouping of more than 45 NGOs from 12 European countries working on forest issues. The movement has been in existence, although under different names, for more than 15 years.© Passage 3 Childhood Obesity A. The effects of eating habits on childhood obesity are difficult to determine. A three year randomized controlled study of 1,704 3rd grade children which provided two healthy meals a day in combination with an exercise program and diclary counselings failed to show a significant reduction in percentage body fat when compared to a control group. This was partly due to the fact that even though the children believed they were eating less their actual calorie consumption did not decrease with the intervention. At the same time observed energy expenditure remained similar between the groups. This occurred even though dietary fat imtake decreased from 34% to 27%. 8A second study of 5,106 children showed similar results. Even though the children eat an improved diet there was not effect found on BMI. Why these studies did not bring about the desired effect of curbing childhood obesity has been attributed to the interventions not being sufficient enough. Changes were made primarily in the school environment while it is felt that they must occur in the home, the community, and the school simultaneously to have a significant effect. ©. Soft drink consumption may contribute to childhood obesity. In a study of 548 children over a 19 month period the likelihood of obesity increased by 1.6 for every increase in soft drink consumed per day. D_ Eating at fast food restaurants has become prevalent among young people with 75% of 7 to 12 grade students consuming fast food in a given week. Some literature has found a relationship between fat food consumption and obesity. Including a study which found that fast food restaurants near schools increases the risk of obesity among the student population, [Whole milk consumption verses 2% milk consumption in children of one to two years of age had no effect on weight, height, or body fat percentage. Therefore whole milk continues to be recommended for this age group. However the trend of substituting sweetened drink for milk has been found to lead to excess weight gain. Reading Passage 3 has five paragraphs, A—E. Which paragraph contains the following information? NB_ You may use any letter more than once. 1. A study suggests soft drink could lead to child obesity. 2. Another study confirms school intervention alone is not enough. 3. Location of fast food restaurants could affect obesity risk. 4, Some milk replacement leads to child obesity. 5. Connection between eating habits and child obesity is not easy to confirm. aN = i” 0S +> OR REESE 155oN a tis ° --7 3892 CARI 156 Answers and Explanations 1.C_ C ELH 4)9B) T “Sofi drink consumption may contribute to childhood obesity” , 2. B &B—,=5}HHIT “attributed to the interventions not being sufficient enough” . 3. DD BLS — 4) #2) T “fast food restaurants near schools increases the risk of obesity among the student population” . 4.1 E Bilt — J #25) T “substituting sweetened drink for milk has been found to lead to excess weight gain 5.\ A BM AHBI T “The effects of eating habits on childhood obesity are difficult to determine” Vocabulary 1. obesity: being obese AE/E;ic It 2. dietary; of eating only some foods or a little food *k#£ #4 3. expenditure :the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent 46 $8 ; 34 ® ; # FARK 4. curb; to control or limit something, especially something bad #4 , iM til , BR , 2998 AK HF SE) 5. prevalent:that exists or is very common at a particular time or in a particular place #47 0) , BE FEE OY, TT BA Got to Know Childhood obesity (JLIRIENE) is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child’s health or wellbeing. Category VII: Multiple-choice (i734 ) © Passage 1 International English Braj Kachru divides the use of English into three concentric circles. ‘The inner circle is the traditional base of English and includes countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States, and, loosely, the (historically mainly white) former colonies: Australia, New Zealand, some islands of the Caribbean, and the Anglophone population of Canada. (South Africa is regarded as a special case.) English is the native language or mother tongue of most people in these countries. In the outer circle are those countries where English has official or historicalimportance. This means most of the Commonwealth of Nations (the former British Empire), including populous countries such as India, Pakistan and Nigeria, and others under the American sphere of influence, such as the Philippines. Here English may serve as a useful lingua franca between ethnic and language groups. Higher education, the legislature and judiciary, national commerce and so on may all be carried out predominantly in English. ‘The expanding circle refers to those countries where English has no official role, but nonetheless is important for certain functions, notably international business. This use of English as a lingua franea by now includes most of the rest of the world not categorized above. A recent development is the role of English as a lingua franca between speakers of the mutually intelligible Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish). Older generations of Scandinavians would use and understand each others’ mother tongue without problems. However today’s younger generations lack the same understanding and some have begun using English as the language of choice. Research on English as a Lingua Franca in the sense of “English in the Expanding Circle” is comparatively recent. Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. 1. What are the three main focuses of English use Braj Kachru listed? A. Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. B. Australia, New Zealand, some islands of the Caribbean. C. inner, outer and expanding circles. D. United Kingdom, Ireland and the United States. 2. Why does the writer mention countries such as India, Pakistan and Nigeria? A. They are the countries with the most English speakers. B. These are the countries where English has official or historical importance. C. These countries have better English educations. D. They are part of the British Empire. 3. What does the term “lingua franca” mean in the passage? A. A secret language only limited population can speak. B. A Scandinavian language. C. A mutual language shared by people with different language background. D. A language for younger generations. Answers and Explanations 1C 8844), 2.8 FAK SST TE AD where English has official or historical importance” . 3. CBG —ER Scandinavia 1) Bl F MERE T ik—ial , Bit 8 4) “In the outer circle are those countries Fi e iS 157Sh = bis 1458 Vocabulary 1. colony; a country or an area that is governed by people from another, more powerful, country Bit Rh, 2. the Commonwealth of Nations: 3238 3. commerce: trade, especially between countries; the buying and selling of goods and services (Te EBT OY) BE 5 TL 5 4, predominantly: most obviously or noticeablely 33h ; 6.8.3 , A473 5. Lingua Franca; a shared language of communication used by people whose main languages are different (AEi2 76 [al i) ASE FH i) ) 588 FAG: , 3 David © Passage 2 The koala is found in coastal regions of eastern and southern Australia, from near Adelaide to the southem part of Cape York Peninsula. Populations also extend for considerable distances inland in regions with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands. ed during the early part of the 20th century, but the state“has since been repopulated with Victorian stock. The koala is not found ‘The koalas of South Australia were largely xtc’ in Tasmania or Western Australia. The koala is broadly similar in appearance to the wombat(its closest living relative), but has a thicker coat, much larger ears, and longer limbs. The koala has large, sharp claws to assist with climbing tree trunks. Weight varies from about 14 kg (31 Ib) for a large southern male, to about 5 kg (11 Ib) for a small northern female. The koala’s five fingers are arranged with opposable thumbs, providing better gripping ability. The first two fingers are positioned in apposition on the front paws, and the first three fingers for the hind paws. The koala is one of the few mammals(other than primates) that has fingerprints. Koala fingerprints are similar to human fingerprints; even with an electron microscope, it can be quite difficult to distinguish between the two. The teeth of the koala are adapted to their herbivorous diet, and are similar to those of other diprotodont marsupials, such as kangaroos and wombats. They have sharp incisors to clip leaves at the front of the mouth, separated from the grinding cheek teeth by a wide diastema. Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. 1. In the writer's opinion, the places suitable for Koala to live would be A.Tasmania or Western Australia B. Land without woods C. areas with enough moisture to support suitable vegetations D.Peninsulas2. With opposable thumbs, Koalas could A. easily get food B. leave their fingerprints C. grip things easier D. defeat their predators 3. Why does the writer mention the kangaroos and wombats in the last paragraph? ‘A. They look like koalas. B. They have the similar teeth for eating greens as koalas do. C. They have the same diet as koalas do. D. They can easily cut leaves off the branches. 4, What is the best title for this passage? A. General Introduction of Koala: Habitat and Appearance B. Koala and Kangaroo Compared €. Australian Ecology D. Koala: an Endangered Species Answers and Explanations ——— 1.C #ER“with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands” #7438. 2.C %—BiH)58 004) “The first two fingers are positioned in apposition on the front paws, and the first three fingers for the hind paws."#4 3#38 3.B A BUB—4) “clip leaves at the front of the mouth” 4.4 RS SRRBKE, Vocabulary 1. moisture: very small drops of water that are present in the air, on a surface or in a substance WHT ;2K 2% ; 7K 4} 2. exterminate; to kill all the members of a group of people or animals K #4 ; HBR ; TH HK ; Be R 3. mammal; any animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds its young on milk. cows, humans and whales are all mammals f 7L31% 4. microscope: an instrument used in scientific study for making very small things look larger so that you can examine them carefully i 8 5. herbivorous: (of animals) feeding on plants & #9 © Passage 3 Ambergris Ambergris ig found in lumps of various shapes and sizes, weighing from 15g (1/202) to 50 kg (100 pounds) or more. When initially expelled by or removed from the whale, the fatty precursor of ambergris is pale white in color (sometimes streaked with black), sofi, with a 159_ “et SRA strong fecal smell. Following months to years of photo-degradation and oxidation in the ocean, this precursor gradually hardens, developing a dark gray or black color, a crusty and waxy texture, and a peculiar gclor that is at once sweet, earthy, marine, and animalic. Its smell has been generally described as a vastly richer and smoother version of isopropanol without its stinging harshness. Historically, the primary commercial use of ambergris was in fragrance chemistry, although it has also been used for medicinal and flavoring purposes. Ambergris has historically been an important perfume odorant and is highly sought. However, it is difficult to get a consistent and reliable supply of high quality ambergris. Due to demand for ambergris and its high price, replacement compounds have been sought out by the fragrance industry and chemically synthesized. The most important of these are ambroxan, ambrox and its stereoisomers, which has largely taken its place and is the most widely used ambergris — replacement odorant in perfume manufacturing. The oldest and most commercially significant synthesis of ambrox is from sclareol (primarily extracted from clary sage), although syntheses have been devised from a variety of other natural products, including cis-abienol and thujone. Procedures for the microbial production of ambrox have also been devised. Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. 1. Why does the Ambergris slowly become hardened and dark in color after being released from the whales? A. It is too big in size and weight. B. It smells bad. C. It has various shapes. D. Photo-degradation and oxidation. 2. What was the main usage of ambergris in business back in the history? A. Medicine. B. Pesticide. C. Biological study. D. Fragrance industry. 3. According to the passage, the primary reason for developing synthesized ambergris is A. better quality B. lower transportation costs €. environmentally friendly D. high demand and price 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. Giving a quick look at ambergris. B. Explaining a new archaeological discovery. C. Exhibiting a chemical study of ambergris. D. Analyzing perfume industry. ‘Answers and Explanations —=—$$=$—$$= $< <$ $< $< $ <&@ ———_$— 1. D HERS —A)P HLF T “Following months to years of photodegradation and oxidation in the ocean” 2.D 9 — BH 4) FT “the primary commercial use of ambergris was in fragrance chemistry”,3. $8 BHBFIT “Due to demand for ambergris and its high price” , 4.4 SEEK, Vocabulary 1. ambergris: wax-like substance present in the intestines of sperm-whales and found floating in tropical seas, used as a fixative in perfumes #838; 2 3E# 2. precursor; a person or a thing that comes before somebody/something similar and that leads to or influences its development fi 5 ; 3658 ; S2#8 . degradation: the process of something being damaged or made worse 84h , E4t (117) . oxidation: action or process of oxidizing S14 (HE FH) . odor: (pleasant or unpleasant) smell “UR; 8% . fragrance: a pleasant smell 4 ;#0k 5% . synthesize: to produce a substance by means of chemical or biological processes (iti PE BRE LR) a Mawar Got to Know WR3E ; HE BEF (ambergris) TE 0G A PK IR BEI 2 — FR SL AR IR RR AUR ET HRD FR AR EMR TPE. HERE AEA HRS AY EL TR (EOL SP YR) 5 CEB BA BD BGA RBA, D7 Pb TEBE EE HE kB EA a \uckbar. Com Category Vill: Sumritiry ( BEE AY 4 iB © Passage 1 4 If -QQy2029808 Intelligence testing was invented by Francis Galton and James McKeen Cattell, who had advocated reaction time and sensory acuily as measures of “neurophysiological efficiency” and ey ee that latter concept as a measure of intelligence. By intelligence they meant a heritable trait, which was a general intelligence factor. Galton is regarded as the founder of psychometrics (among other kinds of metrics, such as fingerprinting). He was a fan of Charles Darwin, who showed that traits must be inherited before evolution can occur. Reasoning that eminence is caused by genetic traits he did a study of their heritabili publishing it in 1869 as Hereditary Genius. His method was to count and assess the eminent relatives of eminent men. He found that the number of eminent relatives is greater with closer degree of kinship, indicating to him (since then debated) that a genetic trait is present in an eminent line of descent that is not present in other lines. Galton’s theories were elaborated from the work of two early 19th-century pioneers in HOR i UH BOR OS wu > 161oN a 2 98 92 GREE 162 statistics: Karl Friedrich Gauss and Adolphe Quetelet. Gauss discovered the normal distribution (bell-shaped curve): given a large number of measurements of the same variable under the same conditions, they vary at random from a most frequent value, the “average”, to two least frequent values at meximum differences greater and less than the most frequent value. Quetelet discovered that the bell-shaped curve applied to social statisties gathered by the French government in the course of its normal processes on large numbers of people passing through the courts and the military. His initial work in criminology led him to observe “the greater the number of individuals observed the more do peculiarities become effaced...” This ideal from which the peculiarities were effaced became “the average man”. Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Francis Galton created the concept of intelligence testing. He upheld reaction time and 1 as ways of measuring intelligence. Furthermore, his interests of Charles Darwin led him to believe that 2. is produced by genetic traits, which could be passed on to descendents exclusively. Also, he discovered that the closer scale of 3. ___ would mean more number of genius relatives. The two scholars, Karl Friedrich Gauss and Adolphe Quetelet, were the founders in the field of 4. , who carried on studying Galton’s theories. Answers and Explanations 1. sensory acuity 97474444 ; “reaction time and sensory acuity’ 2. eminence [rl fi# #E; “eminence is produced by genetic traits” #824 FH 3C HH “eminence is caused by genetic traits” 5 3. kinship “closer scale of #4 ¥JR3C 1) “closer degree of” , 4, statistics “the founders in the field of statistics” #4F “pioneers in statistics” » Vocabulary 1. acuity; the ability to think, see or hear clearly (E28 PLA YF 7 fH) ) RUBE, BE 2. eminence: the quality of being famous and respected, especially in a profession (AU4# 42% SP) RE ES 3. heritability; that can be inherited s#{& tt 4. variable: a situation, number or quantity that can vary or be varied PI 4548 ; 3 Ht ; A 3 AR 5. maximum: as large, fast, ete. as is possible, or the most that is possible or allowed $i AY RA AY KAR RY© Passage 2 Microwave A microwave oven passes (non-ionizing) microwave radiation (at a frequency near 2.45 GHz) through food, causing dielectric heating by absorption of energy in the water, fats and sugar contained in the food. Microwave ovens became common kitchen appliances in Western countries in the late 1970s, following development of inexpensive cavity magnetrons. Water in the liquid state possesses many molecular interactions which broaden the alysoxption peak. In the vapor phase, isolated water molecules absorb at around 22 GHz, almost ten times the frequency of the microwave oven. Microwave heating is used in industrial processes for drying and curing products. Many semiconductor processing techniques use microwaves to generate plasma for such purposes as reactive ion etching and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Microwaves can be used to transmit power over long distances, and post-World War ii research was done to examine possibilities. NASA worked in the 1970s and early 1980s to research the possibilities of using solar power satellite (SPS) systems with large solar arrays that would beam power down to the Earth’s surface via microwaves. Complete the summary using the list of words, A—I White the correct letter, A. NB You may use any letter more than once. , below. Microwave ovens radiate microwave through food, generating heating by 1. of energy in the fats and sugar included in food. And water contains plenty of 2. which widen the climax of the 3. . The researches done after the Second World War showed there were possibilities to ut lize microwaves to 4. power over long distances. One of the researches, carried out by NASA during 1970s and early 1980s, was in regard to employing systems of 5. that could pass the solar energy down to the Earth through microwaves. A. absorption B. molecular interactions C. magnetrons D. solar power satellite (SPS) E. transmit F. examine J. chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) Answers and Explanations 1. A. #8EH4)428 T “by absorption of energy in the water". 2. B HELA A)HEE) T “isolated water molecules absorb at around 22 GHz”. 3. A HERA I$ T “absorb at around 22 GHz”, 4. ®= BCMA T “using solar power satellite (SPS) systems with large solar arrays that would beam power down to the Earth’s surfac via microwaves” . oN a imma |) 0 = iH z & 3oe ° 3p 82 CRN 164 5.) 385 BOR 4)42 5) T “solar arrays” . Vocabulary) ae ne 1. radiation: heat, energy, etc. that is sent out in the form of rays #8 HY (28 AE iat ) 2. appliance: a machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home, such as preparing food, heating or cleaning (JH) 845, HL 3. absorption: the process of a liquid, gas or other substance being taken in (WER, UR AY) 4. vapor: a mass of very small drops of liquid in the air, for example steam 2“; 8%; 3% 5. frequency: the rate at which a sound wave vibrates(= moves up and down) (#5 i Ra) it) ) BE 6. semiconductor: a solid substance that conducts electricity in particular conditions, better than insulators but not as well as conductors “#44 7. plasma: a gas that contains approximately equal numbers of positive and negative electric charges and is present in the sun and most stars & Fk ; F&F AUK 8. satellite: an electronic device that is sent into space and moves around the earth or another planet. It is used for communicating by radio, television, etc. and for providing information ADE Got to Know ‘MBE (Microwave) 248 BE St F ZL Ibe AF Bs SH (UF ) Te] St PRE YE A IE BI AKAZE Lm % Imm Zia) , HRY ML AI ATE ALAE 0.3 GHz 3 300 GHz. ‘ABLE BS LAE ADS SYR AE, WEAF AE AE BG TR ASE HEL TLE ULE WLAN SEAR ) A RAE GEA TE OA, Passage 3 EI Niiio Phenomenon EL Nid Ifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a set of interacting parts of a single global system of coupled ocean-atmosphere climate fluctuations that come about as a consequence of oceanic and atmospheric circulation. ENSO is the most prominent known source of inter- imate around the world. The cycle occurs every two to annual variability in weather and seven years, with El Nid Ifo lasting nine months to two years within the longer term cycle, though not all areas globally are affected. ENSO has signatures in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. El Nid lio causes weather patterns which causes it to rain in specific places but not in others, this is one of many causes for the «rohit In the Pacific, during major warm events, El Niflo warming extends over much of the tropical Pacific and becomes clearly linked to the SO intensity. While ENSO events arebasically in phase between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, ENSO events in the Atlantic Ocean lag behind those in the Pacific by 12 to 18 months. Many of the countries most affected by ENSO events are developing countries within tropical sections of continents with economies that are largely dependent upon their agricultural and fishery sectors as a major source of food supply, employment, and foreign exchange. New capabilities to predict the onset of ENSO events in the three oceans can have global socioeconomic impacts. While ENSO is a global and natural part of the Earth’s climate, whether its intensity or frequency may change as a result of global warming is an important concern. Low-frequency variability has been evidenced: the quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO). Interdecadal (ID) modulation of ENSO (from PDO or IPO) might exist. This could explain the socalled protracted ENSO of the early 1990s. Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. El Nifto Phenomenon is a series of interactive components of an individual global system of paired ocean-atmosphere 1. __ that happen as a result of 2____of ocean and atmosphere. El Nifio is one of many reasons for the 3. . El Nifio Phenomenon impaired many tropical developing countries, which mainly rely on agriculture and 4. for their economies. Answers and Explanations 1. climate fluctuations “#4 BE#1 4325 T “ocean-atmosphere climate fluctuations” . 2. circulation BE ¥EIT “consequence of oceanic and atmospheric circulation”. 3. drought #7 BLJ€ 442) T “this is one of many causes for the drought.” 4. fishery 9% — £98 =) 428) T “dependent upon their agricultural and fishery sectors as a major source of food supply”. Vocabulary 1. oscillation; a regular movement between one position and another or between one amount and another #23) ; 4 ; tea) 2. fluctuation; if something fuctuates, it changes a lot in an irregular way Be) ; 3) ; B48 3. drought: a long period of time when there is little or no rain A; HK 4. fishery the business or industry of catching fish %iuh 5. protract: make (sth.) last a long time or longer; lengthen or prolong 4£ ,#63£ Got to Know JE AR JE OS (ABET IE :El Nitto), CAKE RMR ALB SLI An — iF BH BR “hed aR IS EeRES oO SH 165oN i Avs ° = WR 92 CARNE 166 fA FR eH, AEA SF PE AP a A SC AMER ML SRL He Eb, Rh OTS EEE FUL IR RIE AE MEI 4 ER UK, AKL RRR RE 5S HA, eA 2 EAR JE BE BL (condition) ; RUSE AE SEA 5 7A BR LL: GELS A 2 JAR Ja (episode). BOW BAH © Passage 1 ‘Tyrannosaurus rex A. Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hind limbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators, measuring up to 13 metres (43 ft) in length, up to 4 meters (13 ft) tall at the hips and up to 6.8 metric tons (7.5 short tons) in weight. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavengeris among the longest running debates in paleontology 1 More than 30 specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex have been identified, some of which are nearly complete skeletons. Soft tissue and proteins have been reported in at least one of these specimens. The abundance of fossil material has allowed significant research into many aspects of its biology, including life history and biomechanics. ‘The feeding habits, physiology and potential speed of Tyrannosaurus rex are a few subjects of debate. C The identification of several specimens as juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex has allowed scientists to document ontogenetic changes in the species, estimate the lifespan, and determine how quickly the animals would have grown. The smallest known individual (LACM 28471, the “Jordan theropod”) is estimated to have weighed only 30 kg (66 Ib), while the largest, such as FMNH PR2081 (“Sue”) most likely weighed over 5,400 kg (12,000 Ib). Histological analysis of Tyrannosaurus rex bones showed LACM 28471 had aged only 2 years when it died, while “Sue” was 28 years old, an age which may have been close to the ‘maximumfor the species. D_ Histology has also allowed the age of other specimens to be determined. Growth curves can be developed when the ages of different specimens are plotted on a graph along with their mass, A Tyrannosaurus rex growth curve is S-shaped, with juveniles remaining under1,800 kg (4,000 Ib) until approximately 14 years of age, when body size began to increase dramatically. During this rapid growth phase, a young Tyrannosaurus rex would gain an average of 600 kg (1,300 Ib) a year for the next four years. At 18 years of age, the curve plateaus again, indicating that growth slowed dramatically. For example, only 600 kg (1,300 Ib) separated the 28-year-old “Sue” from a 22-year-old Canadian specimen (RTMP 81.12.1). Another recent histological study performed by different workers corroborates these results, finding that rapid growth began to slow at around 16 years of age. This sudden change in growth rate may indicate physical maturity, a hypothesis which is supported by the discovery of medullary tissue in the femur of a 16 to 20-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex from Montana (MOR 1125, also known as “B-rex”). Medullary tissue is found only in female birds during ovulation, indicating that “B-rex” was of reproductive age. Further study indicates an age of 18 for this specimen. Other tyrannosaurids exhibit extremely similar growth curves, although with lower growth rates corresponding to their lower adult sizes. Questions 1—4 Reading Passage 1 has 4 paragraphs (A—D). Choose the correct heading ( i —vi) for the four paragraphs from the list of headings below. List of Headings i How does the Tyrannosaurus rear its children ii diet and appearance of Tyrannosaurus rex iii Two significant examples of the specimens. iv The biggest and the smallest Tyrannosaurus in the history v Benefits of the specimens for biological studies vi histological findings on Tyrannosaurus 1. Paragraph A 2. Paragraph B 3. Paragraph C 4, Paragraph D. Questions S—10 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Passage 1? TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN __ if there is no information on this oN i i* 0 A UES 167oN a Bis © “9 92 CARRE BH 168 5. Tyrannosaurus has a balanced short tail 6. Most of the paleontologists agreed that Tyrannosaurus is fundamentally a scavenger. 7. The specimens of Tyrannosaurus are actually not enough for biologists to carry out their researches. 8. Histologisis found some of the Tyrannosaurus aged too quickly. 9. Young ‘Tyrannosaurus would put on weight very fast when they were around 14. 10, Histologists found the Tyrannosaurus would step into their adulthood in physical terms when they were about 16 years old. Questions 11—13 Match each Tyrannosaurus specimen with the weight with which it is associated in Passage 1. 11. 22-year-old Canadian specimen (RTMP 81.12.1) weighed 12. LACM 28471, the “Jordan theropod” weighed 13. FMNH PR2081 (“Sue”) weighed A. over 5,400 kg (12,000 Ib) C. only 30 kg (66 Ib) B. only 600 kg (1,300 Ib) D. 1,800 kg (4,000 Ib) @ Passage 2 ‘Tropical Cyclone \. While tropical cyclones (hurricanes) can produce extremely powerful winds and torrential rain, they are also able to produce high waves and damaging storm surge as well as spawning tornadoes. They develop over large bodies of warm water, and lose their strength if they move over land. This is why coastal regions can receive significant damage from a tropical cyclone, while inland regions are relatively safe from receiving strong winds. Heavy rains, however, can produce significant flooding inland, and storm surges can produce extensive coastal flooding up to 40 kilometers (25 mi) from the coastline. Although their effects on human populations can be devastating, tropical cyclones can also relieve drought conditions. They also carry heat and energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes, which make them an important part of the global atmospheric circulation mechanism. As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere, and to maintain a relatively stable and warm temperature worldwide. B Many tropical cyclones develop when the atmospheric conditions around a weak disturbance in the atmosphere are favorable. ‘The background environment is modulated by climatologic cycles and patterns such as the Madden-Julian oscillation, El Nifio-Southern Oscillation, and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Others form when other types of cyclones acquire tropical characteristics. Tropical systems are then moved by steering windsin the troposphere; if the conditions remain favorable, the tropical disturbance intensifies, and can even develop an eye. On the other end of the spectrum, if the conditions around the system deteriorate or the tropical cyclone makes landfall, the system weakens and eventually dissipates, It is not possible to artificially induce the dissipation of these systems with current technology. CA strong tropical cyclone will harbor an area of sinking air at the center of circulation. If this area is strong enough, it can develop into a large “eye”. Weather in the eye is normally calm and free of clouds, although the sea may be extremely violent. The eye is normally meters (1.9 mi) to 370 kilometers (230 mi) in diameter. Intense, mature tropical cyclones can sometimes ex circular in shape, and may range in size from 3 it an outward curving of the eye wall’s top, making it resemble a football stadium; this phenomenon is thus sometimes referred to as the stadium effect. D There are other features that either surround the eye, or cover it. The central dense overcast is the concentrated area of strong thunderstorm activity near the center of a tropical cyclone; in weaker tropical cyclones, the CDO may cover the center completely. The eyewall is a circle of strong thunderstorms that surrounds the eye; here is where the greatest wind speeds are found, where clouds reach the highest, and precipitation is the heaviest. The heaviest wind damage occurs where a tropical cyclone’s eyewall passes over land. Eyewall replacement cycles occur naturally in intense tropical cyclones. When cyclones reach peak inter they usually have an eyewall and radius of maximum winds that contract to a very small size, around 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to 25 kilometres (16 mi). Outer rainbands can organize into an outer ring of thunderstorms that slowly moves inward and robs the inner eyewall of its needed moisture and angular momentum, When the inner eyewall weakens, the tropical cyclone weakens (in other words, the maximum sustained winds weaken and the central pressure rises). The outer eyewall replaces the inner one completely at the end of the cycle. The storm can be of the same intensity as it was previously or even stronger after the eyewall replacement cycle finishes. The storm may strengthen again as it builds a new outer ring for the next eyewall replacement. Questions 14—18 Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the reading passage 2 to complete each of the following sentences. 14, Apart from strong winds and rains, hurricanes also can generate powerful storms and waves; furthermore, it can create as well. 15. In spite of tropical cyclones bringing rainfall to the draught areas, their impacts on human beings could be _ 16. Hurricanes can pass warmth and energy from tropical regions to . 17. Above all, tropical cyclones are able to keep in tropical atmosphere and maintain a comparatively steady temperature around the globe.ye ° + yp 92 CARRERE 18. If the conditions are all suitable for the formation of tropical cyclone, and the disturbance gels stronger, the tropical cyclone can even produce an Questions 19—22 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Passage 2 for each answer. 19. What is not possible with nowadays technology for humans to do with tropical systems? 20. Where will a powerful tropical cyclone keep a place of descending air? 21. What is not in the weather of a tropical cyclone “eye”? 22. What is the name for a phenomenon of a tropical cyclone eyewall looking like a football stadium? Questions 23—26 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Passage 2. YES if the statement agrees with the information NO. if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN __ if there is no information on this 23. The weaker tropical cyclones generate greater wind speed than the stronger ones do. 24. It is the eye of a tropical cyclone that produces the most forceful wind destruction over land surface. 25. A power-failing eyewall would weaken the force of the whole cyclone. 26. When the eyewall replacement is over, the storm would be dying out. © Passage 3 Robot A. If robots are to work effectively in homes and other non-industrial environments, the way they are instructed to perform their jobs and especially how they will be told to stop will be of critical importance. The people who interact with them may have little or no training in ‘cience fiction authors also robotics, and so any interface will need to be extremely intuilive, typically assume that robots will eventually be capable of communicating with humans through speech, gestures, and facial expressions, rather than a command-line interface. Although speech would be the most natural way for the human to communicate, it is quiteunnatural for the robot. It will be quite a while before robots interact as naturally as the fictional C-3PO. B Interpreting the continuous flow of sounds coming from a human (speech recognition), in real time, is a difficult task for a computer, mostly because of the great variability of speech. The same word, spoken by the same person may sound different depending on local acoustics, volume, the previous word, whether or not the speaker has a cold, etc.. It becomes even harder when the speaker has a different accent. Nevertheless, great strides have been made in the field since Davis, Biddulph, and Balashek designed the first “voice input system” which recognized “ten digits spoken by a single user with 100% accuracy” in 1952. Currently, the best systems can recognize continuous, natural speech, up to 160 words per minute, with an accuracy of 95%. C One can imagine, in the future, explaining to a robot chef how to make a pastry, or asking directions from a robot police officer. On both of these occasions, making hand gestures would aid the verbal dese: ions. In the first case, the robot would be recognizing gestures made by the human, and perhaps repeating them for confirmation. In the second case, the robot police officer would gesture to indicate “down the road, then turn right”. It is quite likely that gestures will make up a part of the interaction between humans and robots. A great many systems have been developed to recognize human hand gestures. 1D. Facial expressions can provide rapid feedback on the progress of a dialog between two humans, and soon it. may be able to do the same for humans and robots. Robotic faces have been constructed by Hanson Robotics using their elastic polymer called Frubber, allowing a great amount of facial expressions due to the elasticity of the rubber facial coating and imbedded subsurface motors (servos) to produce the facial expressions. The coating and servos are built on a metal skull. A robot should know how to approach a human, judging by their facial expression and body language. Whether the person is happy, frightened, or crazy- looking affects the type of interaction expected of the robot. Likewise, robots like Kismet and the more recent addition Nexi, can produce a range of facial expressions, allowing it to have meaningful social exchanges with humans. FE Artificial emotions can also be imbedded and are composed of a sequence of facial expressions and / or gestures. As can be seen from the movie Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, the programming of these artificial emotions is quite complex and requires a great amount of human observation. To simplify this programming in the movie, presets were created together with a special software program. This decreased the amount of time needed to make the film. These presets could possibly be transferred for use in real-life robots. F Many of the robots of science fiction have a personality, something which may or may not be desirable in the commercial robots of the future. Nevertheless, researchers are trying to create robots which appear to have a personality: ie. they use sounds, facial expressions, and body language to try to convey an internal state, which may be joy, sadness, or fear. One commercial example is Pleo, a toy robot dinosaur, which can exhibit several apparent emotions.AN = 38 ° 29 92 CARI a 172 Questions 27—33 Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A—F. Which paragraph contains the following information? NB _ You may use any letter more than once. 27. Systems designed to identify human speeches with great accuracy. 28. A toy robot with ability of demonstrating emotions. 29. Robots that can lead a social life with the help of recognizable expressions. 30. The reasons why computers are not easily to identify human speeches. 31. Ways by which science fiction authors picture Robots communicate with humans. 32. Occasions in which robots can help humans through hand gestures. 33. A .aginary robot figure can communicate with humans freely. Questions 34—36 Choose the correct letter, A, B, Cor D. 34. Why does the writer mention the fictional rbot — C-3P0? A. To inform us it is a very advanced robot. B. To demonstrate that we have a long way to go before we come up with advanced robots. C. To prove no other robots are better than C-3PO. D. To explain why robots like C-3PO are difficult to design. 35, What stand in the way of computers performing tasks such as speech recognition? A. Problems such as speaker's accent, speech speed or volume, ete.. B. Computer programs are hard to develop. C. Unpredictable weathers. D. Lack of nice programmers. 36. What have been done to help robots understand human gestures? A. Robots are trained to understand human gestures. B. Many systems have been devised for robots. C. Police officers are invited to test robots. D. Financial supports are sufficient, Questions 37—40 Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. For humans, during the conversation facial expressions are able to offer 37, vIn the near future, robots might learn to identify and even to do the facial expressions themselves. Robots should be clear about how to 38. person, what the person looks like influences the kind of 39. expected of the robots. In addition, a wide scale offacial expressions could permit robots themselves to convey expressive 40. with humans. Answers and Explanations Passage 1 Li av 3.if§ 4 vi 5. FALSE Sh A BSB — 6. FALSE, JR B BRR Si — 7. FALSE, AB RB 8. NOTGIVEN Sk p Bey 9. TRUE SLD BDV Fh 10. TRUE SLD BEAS| 285 — 3) Me UB RD BBA fe 12.6 RC BB ae 13.4 BC BRAY Ba Bo Vocabulary B: bipedal; of animal with two feet #24004 ‘ A lL 2. eamivore: any animal that eats meat £79314) 3. theropod : BAIS 09 FA Crake (Tab 20.5 E40, AAR Ly) 4, hip: the area at either side of the body between the top of the leg and the waist; the joint at the top of the leg BiB; £8 5. scavenger: an animal, a bi A RICE . paleontology : 7 420% . abundance; a large quantity that is more than enough AH ; + # ; 30% . physiology: the scientific study of the normal functions of living things 4: 38% connected with young people who are not yet adults JF 8) ; RARE AY 10. maximum: as large, fast, etc. as is possible, or the most that is possible or allowed 4% BY Ee BY 5 FR PR 11. plateau; a time of little or no change afier a period of growth or progress (32 HS J8 BY) Fase SH, PP 12. corroborate: to provide evidence or information that supports a statement, theory, etc. iif SE, WOE (PRUE FRIES ) 13. maturity: of a person, an animal, or a plant A a& 34% ; the state of being fully grown or developed AUP, ALE ; 56 1 Ae 14, hypothesis; an idea or explanation of something that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correct (#1 > fit 3 3 #248 18 AR He HE SE 9 ABE Be BL or a person that scavenges 8 05 (9-84 (3% ) ; He BER! 69 wane . juvenil 173SN a Bie 2 299 92 CAR a Got to Know #6 Jé (Tyrannosaurus) © ¥ BE , BSCS FMEA OE EIT (Tyrannosaurus rex) , BOP ERATE , HUY A EERE, SR 9 13 OK BT BEN 4 OK EY 6.8 AM, BEI FE EC AI 1 2 SA HE AE BT Be HI 300 25 4F B24 6 850 3 4F 3 6,550 WF eG BA oe AE AT EI BE, HS AE SY RBS INS AB , 5b Ai HE REI RA Passage 2 14, spawning tornadoes SR A BEET AY 15. devastating RA RBH 16. temperate latitudes ILA BBA AY 17. equilibrium Th A BRIG — A) 18. eye RB BS DO Ay 19. dissipation 5 B BBG‘) 20. center of circulation TLC BES) 21. clouds JC BBS 22. stadium effect SLC Bi i) 23. NOT GIVEN SLD Bes 24, YES Jt D BeF8 0a) 25. YES SLD BLS = Ay 26. NO SLD BR SRS — fay Vocabulary 1. torrential; of rain FH; falling in large amounts #5175049 ; UE (9 2. devastating: causing a lot of damage and destruction BARTER A AY , SEK HEAT 3. equilibrium: a state of balance, especially between opposing forces or influences *¥ #8 ; 4) 5 3 disturbance; actions that make you stop what you are doing, or that upset the normal state that something is in; the act of disturbing somebody/something or the fact of being disturbed (3240 be, Pit , Wiis spectrum: a complete or wide range of related qualities, ideas, etc. 71, # EK; #7; WBE dissipate: to gradually become or make something become weaker until it disappears ((#) ATK THAR BR stadium; a large sports ground surrounded by rows of seats and usually other buildings # BG BH . thunderstorm: a storm with thunder and lightning and usually very heavy rain 19 ; 48 ; Me » a 2 x Fa9, momentum: the ability to keep increasing or developing #£¥EH ; 371 ; #36 Got to Know #AVHFAUHE (Tropical Cyclone ) Je Se AE 1 24 1 RA ir St, BK ME DD Le AC eH A ER AK EAT GE LS a aA RA TI Ef AN, AAS Ue E,W A HB (BE AUG 49 PE OG BY , (0 Se BN Hy Se He MeL, YO I) Ss AP DT RO A SUE WORF HE Pe 1k a TA AE, AEA ie 09 Boh EES AR EAR A AA BA Dh EO, eb, BYR A DS BEF 1 Et RAE HE BASE PEE, PEALE RR A BE ET at WERE PEPE ARN LUG ET HEN Passage 3 27. B (BE) 28. F (BE) 29. D (BR) 30. 8 (BE) 31. A (BR) 32. C (BE) 33. A (BR) 34. B ThA BRE) 35.4 TB BBX 36. B Wh C Beit fas — 4a) 37. rapid feedback LD BBA) 38. approach FLD Be 55 — 4) 39. interaction SLD BRS —) 40. social exchanges 3 D BRE —4) Vocabulary ] 1. intuitive: of ideas 848 jobtained by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts FEE 1 B09 , MAY 2. science fiction; a type of book, film/movie, etc. that is based on imagined scientific discoveries of the future, and often deals with space travel and life on other planets #14) ANB BOB HY command; an order given to a person or an animal (44 A Bean 6 )tit > BEE; RBA : the state of being exact or correct; the ability to do something skillfully without making mistakes MEH (HE) #08 (PEE) confirmation ; a statement, letter, etc. that shows that something is true, correct or definite TEX HUB EAB imbed; to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object $-++--- AEA (at A SBA) 8. sequence; the order that events, actions, ete. happen in or should happen in UF ; UF BY variability: the fact of something being likely to vary FT. wv aceurai a ST 9. personality: the various aspects of a person’s character that combine to make them oN id > USES eens —— 175“yet ° 982 RE different from other people HEHE ; EAE Got to Know ‘ULSE AE A S12 il LAE (Robot ) MY HTP , A Bh HE HALES 14 — BAR A SOSA: 7 A LAR LOL AES OL ARMS), Be LOL AEA HY RE IBA BS SPI BH WL, Fie AE ELA A, EARL} OLEATE RE BDF ES BY AG ‘MARR DAHA EBD AE THe, BAL P09 5 FOL AE A AB Te Rs a I ATL FHS AL Be AE A AEE PD, EE VT ROE AWE WTR ERP 176abortion ather abrupt abbreviate abuse access abet accuracy accurate acquisition adverse adjudicate adjust adequate adhere adrenalin administration aerodynamics agenda agile aid altitude alphabet aerosol aesthetics affirmative afflict affluent A au HEME, REAR Bh FEHR BY FFI, HERE B) FAL ahd AEA MEA aR); BARR) TE HEA ASH BOR TE a EA LT 88) BE ARAN FARO BO BR Oh 5 ei Fa 9 5 3 His AE LAR SE ATRL BBD MDE we ABUSE AY , RTE BS EH); BY CRE Fa BE; WF 9 Is ae RF HM EM) HM (i) Pe COT Be, BEY BR ae —- :500 AALS ee LL. ‘ambivalent analogous \ anatomy ballot bankruptcy ‘barrier | basic basis + bend beneficial ‘bid biodegradable | bizarre dotany © boundary brash breadwinner bronchitis bubble © bucket * bugbear bulk ) bulletin buzzword calculate CO ARSE) FE 58 (RBH) 19 SACLAY , AELACLEAD Se aE BR GEE BL) Bane BAL RAL aR ALE (18) ih ARAB ) 7B AT Fae GASERT) th SRE, & BRD A (AB Sb Be BR SE HE) AF 2 arate HOE a a AC EL 5 FEAL AY FRE AER cr KH (PARE) HH HBL UB ‘The national bugbear of rising prices. HARK at 17oN a Be ° yp 9 eR calendar calorie canal cancel cancer capacity capital carbohydrate camivore cartography catalog catalyst cataract categorize category caterpillar caution. cease cellular cellulose centrifugal ceramics cereal ceremony certificate chaos characteristic decentralize decline defy AB RE (fen BEE PURELY) a2 kit BSE HGH TB AE Bh AE rac Ba ET ATA ELFEN BOK Het PH Aah ‘ol ER (16% AK HH) aR fa MET ROB Daeied TSHR ER, (BED) OR dvi FE Hib, Beak td — ia) a , a FMR ABR CB SNAG FA) BO BO HA etal ae BH BAIS ty % HK SAL Lat ALA iE EH FEE ARAL SU AT (AB) AT IK 5 LT SEE BE; WEAR SEAL ; NRA BD degree deliberate deficiency definition democratic demography determine device detail ‘demonstrative : deplete detain deter * detract devour differentiate diffuse diagram dictate ecology ecosystem egalitarian ego eddy * edit effective elaborate © element endure energetic engage TLE , ER AEA ME AY LE RB We WE, TE LE BR SE BAL AY 5 ABTA BR SE ESA 5 BEE AEH APS ALE Bobs, FReb; Bea CHATS AY AE a RTA Sb SR BY 5 BR 9 (82S AE MR ob 3, 8 BB jo And (RIN BAR EL Se EAS eit SYR BE AY Waa oT MAD a way PA PSE Fe, Oe 4S (#) ERAAP SE 9 FID EMA AR, ASL OK Ae eH 0) ie BAT 8 LIT , BU FRE , A APRN ER HY, DAH o> fk 5 ae Bit; BE HITE RRA TI EHO Jib FAelevate embryo eminent emphasis ‘enormously ensure enthusiasm entice episode equator equivalent entrepreneur environment envision erode essential ethnic etiquette evaluate evaporate evoke evolve exacerbate exceed facsimile factor faculty fade fairly falsify famine fatty 4 (ASE) BEA (C1 RTE) Be HASH Hb AREY 3a MR; ACRE Bk ‘i (EAE) AR Bae 48 AO ML m : PWR; EIDE ‘oh 5 BE DR, BRR FEAR AY WE AY PPE AY, RIAD FA AL FER fit EDR 5 ie ; Wek (FAZ A) (1B) BIR GE AAT ML EH FS IB AL F SE Al dh BEA AR BR A fie 870 (AE) AE 5 AL EAS TE Ht BK BG ie GERD) BERT aH | : habitable way fatigue feminine ferry ) fervent | fiancé ) financial finicky | finite flimsy ‘fluctuate foible ‘generic | generalize ‘genetic | gender ‘generality | genocide genuine © germ © glamour glacier ) Brip glimpse graphic graveyard ) glutinous "graduate HR AUR ak FATT LAO, I A co) RMR er a 5 AY #8 SR A A REN Sein WB Bah AEB ANA BA IE Fay 2889 BEE JAN Tae HY DLE HEC MIHE BA HER Pte) Be te, AE TB IA & (48 9 ih) FTE 69 , itt 6), BBUF SE HY A BEN REM BR (Ae EE) ib ; Bo ty EEE BADEN H SEF ERY ; PDE AY 179SN a bos ° = 9 82 Ca BE 180 hallmark handcuffs handicap harangue harbor harmony harsh havoo hazard hectare heed hemisphere herbalist herbivorous hereditary heretic identify ignite illegal illogical illustrate implicate inactive inadequate inattention incentive income immediate immigrant immune (eSB) SAE HA Rea EN Fe BETAS AS A FR ALE BR) TOPE BOE BA BE RMAC HBS weve 0 ae SUB AS EES 5 BEB TS RAL FEB; Ib (RPA A RE, Wty eR DG BEE (BO) eH HEE HY 5 HELIS HY PAGE LEB A 8H AR A UDR OH I Re I se AY ‘rg FE ; (8 ie CRA Bae FI | lack ‘Lagoon ) legal ' leisure REZ) AEB ; RRA AFA; RIAD; AR Es HRS, AEE 9 AER HA NK, Bei ALA Ca 5 TE SE RIAD ; BET AY (A RBA NBR SABER; ASE RE TH; FRE AG A) impact : imperial | impetuous (a a ah LR ARO: {implant invest investigate : iodine ‘ironic ! irony ‘irrelevant ‘irrigate ‘isolate + issue "itemize jolt | kangaroo BOARS RE | Skit kerosene ‘landscape latitude : legal legendary | legible legion wat 7, MEME ; BZ MB wEH FF a , oh ah AY; HE fe) MEH REA BE, Kat FE, RE, EDT BR BOR A a; BRT OY, OO Ey BAR, IB AHF BD; RAHN; memes HE (EDL HEBER WA CA, BRAT EMU BEAT J Hah , ME A K Seo Boh LA AR) FAL Cat) L RE WA FRR BK TARE TEA AE 250A , PANEL fF) PUR RE HE AR BAR ALE , AEN ee AY eT AEA EY; FUE FE FHLEB BA