Running head: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Domestic Legacy and Freight Policy

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation
BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Domestic Legacy and Freight Policy

2 Primary Sources

U.S Department of State (1934). New Deal Trade Policy: The Export-Import Bank & the

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, 1934. Retrieved from:

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/export-import-bank

The state's historical document talks about president Roosevelt's New Deal trade policy

that sought to pay more attention to domestic economic reforms than foreign measures. In 1934,

Roosevelt created the Export-Import Bank to finance U.S. trade with the Soviet Union. A month

later, Roosevelt institutionalized the second bank to facilitate trade between the U.S and Cuba

(U.S Department of State, 1934). The second major economic reform was the creation of the

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA). The act was a significant turning point in the

liberalization of trade policy globally because Roosevelt could regulate commerce, negotiate

trade pacts and change tariffs. The paper will help me in my research because it gave me the

foundation of how critical decision-making can transform a nation's economy.

Wall, L. (2016). AMERICAN HISTORY. The New Deal. Retrieved from:

https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/

9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-87

The article generally reviews Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal program and highlights the

development initiatives that came with the program between 1933 to 1938. Apart from the author

talking about Roosevelt and his deal's legacies, the deal's limitations are also addressed. The new

deal was a set of domestic policies adopted by Roosevelt during the great depression, one of the

most challenging economic times to hit have the U.S. The author analyzes how the new deal

dealt with the economic cataclysm through several legislation on the banking and securities
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industry, relief to the unemployed and farmers, rural electrification, refurbishment of the national

infrastructure, conservation, and power unions (Wall, 2016). The new deal often highlights

Roosevelt's legacies with little to do with the limitations that came with the policies. Therefore,

this article will be significant to me to achieve a comprehensive and all-around analysis of

Franklin Roosevelt's 'The New Deal.' The report highlights an inequitable share of resources and

racial discrimination as some limitations of the deal.

1 Scholarly Journal Article

Reading, D. C. (1973). New Deal activity and the states, 1933 to 1939. The Journal of

Economic History, 792-810.

In this article, Reading talks about Roosevelt's programs passed by Congress to make an

economic turnaround. The economic policies of the 1930s, whose aim was to change the nation's

economic and social structure, are discussed. At this stage in time, Roosevelt's administration

dwelt more on building the purchasing power by optimizing real per capita income (Reading,

1973). Comparative studies of the national expenditure between 1933 to 1939 are used to give

the correct figures in spending for state allocations. In this paper, Roosevelt's new deal inclines

more on relief, recovery, and the establishment of sustainable reforms that will last during the

depression and for the years to come.

Most reforms were based on the utilization of both land and water resources. For

example, the Tennessee Valley Authority was put in place to generate affordable electricity,

control floods, and smoothen navigation. The author concludes the article by pointing a

discrepancy between the south and west states' allocation of funds during the new deal. This

article's information would help me because it gives me the basis of an argument on a study on

political influences on state allocations during the New Deal program.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 4

1 Secondary source

Milkis, S. M. (1987). The new deal, administrative reform, and the transcendence of

partisan politics. Administration & Society, 18(4), 433-472.

The paper investigates the relationship between reforms and party politics concerning

Franklin Roosevelt during the New Deal era. The paper's thesis is that Democratic party politics

coalesced into the executive branch during the new deal and strengthened Franklin Roosevelt

and the reforms. Roosevelt is credited for transforming the politics of party partisanship.

Roosevelt borrowed into the British political parties' system where there is a link between the

political party system and the executive. Roosevelt left a legacy by the transformation of the

United States' political party system. He aimed at making the Democratic party a militant of

liberalism (Milkis, 1987). Roosevelt also made several reforms into the executive, such as

working on its expansion. The paper is significant when studying the role of party politics in

shaping the presidency. The report concludes by stating that the New Deal brought about the

centralization of crucial functions to the presidency, which is characteristic of a modern

presidency.

1 Source of my Choice

Blitz, M. (2017). When America's Infrastructure Saved Democracy. Retrieved from:

https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a24692/fdr-new-deal-

wpa-infrastructure/

The paper examines Franklin Roosevelt's achievements in terms of building

infrastructure. The article's thesis statement is that Franklin Roosevelt's dedication to

infrastructure development in his 'New Deal' saved the U.S when it was on the brink of another

civil war. The author challenges the current leadership to look upon the great deeds of Franklin
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Roosevelt to make America great. Franklin Roosevelt refurbished road infrastructure, electricity,

and air transport. The Emergency Railroad Transportation Act of 1933 was set up to link

interstate rail networks and facilitate the transport of agricultural produce.

During the great depression, 24% of Americans had no jobs. 50% of the bank system

failed, and the GDP almost halved with the number of suicidal cases rising (Blitz, 2017). Chaos

rocked the U.S and, at times, targeted the immigrants for allegedly taking up all jobs. Roosevelt

oversaw 15 significant bills, including the Public Works Administration, Tennessee Valley

Authority (TVA), and Civilian Conservation Corps that targeted infrastructure development.
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References

Blitz, M. (2017). When America’s Infrastructure Saved Democracy. Retrieved from:

https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a24692/fdr-new-deal-wpa-

infrastructure/

Milkis, S. M. (1987). The new deal, administrative reform, and the transcendence of partisan

politics. Administration & Society, 18(4), 433-472.

Reading, D. C. (1973). New Deal activity and the states, 1933 to 1939. The Journal of Economic

History, 792-810.

U.S Department of State (1934). New Deal Trade Policy: The Export-Import Bank & the

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, 1934. Retrieved from:

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/export-import-bank

Wall, L. (2016). AMERICAN HISTORY. The New Deal. Retrieved from:

https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/

9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-87