DANICI FROI V.

MAURILLO

BSINT 2 POWERPLANT

1. What is the need for classification of materials?

Traditionally the three major classes of materials are metals, polymers, and ceramics.
Examples of these are steel, cloth, and pottery. These classes usually have quite
different sources, characteristics, and applications

2. Into what categories are materials classified?

1. Raw Materials.
Raw materials are purchased from the original producer or
manufacturers and are used directly or subjected to a conversion
process in producing the firm’s product.
2. Purchase Components.
Most of the industries purchase finished components from the vendor and
assemble them within their plant to obtain the finished product. Usually 95
% of the purchased components are those which do not represent the core
competency of the buying firm.
3. Work-in-progress.
This category represents the materials in the semi-finished state as a result
of operation being performed on raw materials purchased from outside.
These constitute a large proportion of inventory blocked as capital.
4. Finished Goods.
The finally produced goods are termed finished goods. They are ready for
sale and function as a buffer between production and marketing
departments.
5. Spares.
Spares are important inventories and usually represent the standby for
important components of production equipment which convert the raw
material to finished product.
6. Consumables.
These materials are used in the manufacturing process and cannot be used
for the same purpose. Coal, mineral oil, lubricants, cotton waste, paints,
oxygen, pencil, paper, ink, etc. represent some of the consumable stores.
7. Machinery and equipment.
All the machinery, power and hand-driven equipment such as presses,
lathe machines, typewriters, electric motors and other machines used in
production in other departments is classified as stated above.
8. Inflammables.
Due to their hazardous nature, inflammable are generally stored as
unaccessible from the main building, with fire-fighting arrangement nearby.
Materials such as kerosene, paints and films fall into this category.

9. Chemicals.
Chemicals should be stored, preserved and issued very
cautiously after a careful scrutiny and proper analysis since their use could
put even life to risk. Items such as carbides acids nitrous gases belong to
this class.
10.Furniture.
Movable contents of a house like chairs, tables, and almirahs are furniture
items. Their maintenance is quite important and a record should be
maintained.
11.Scrap Materials.
Scrap represent the waste material produced in the process of
production. Scrap is sold to secondary markets so as to fetch some value
out of it.
12.Packaging Materials.
These include all kinds of wrapping materials such as paper, sawdust,
straw and containers like boxes, drums, bottles, as well as protective
coating such as wax, grease, etc.
13.Fuel Stock.
These are also consumable store items. But there is a slight difference
between the two in terms of their use. A fuel stock is directly used for
production as a fuel for furnace, oven etc. Sometimes it may be taken as a
raw materials. Coal is fuel stock but is also raw material for iron and steel
industry.
14.General Stores.
In large undertakings a general stores section is separate from other stores
under an independent in-charge to cover a large number of items not
directly linked with production process.
3. What is meant by codification? What are the merits of codification?

PROCESS OF CODIFICATION:
Codification is a process of representing each item by a number, the digit of
which indicate the group, sub-group, the type and the dimension of the item.

MERITS OF CODIFICATION:
1. Avoiding of long description
2. Accurate and logical identification
3. Prevention of duplication
4. Standardization and variety reduction
5. Efficient purchasing department
6. Efficient storeroom performance
7. Ease of computerization
8. Ease of pricing and costing
9. Facility in physical location of items
10.Efficient inspection
11.Planned production and increased throughput

4. Discuss the various types of Material Coding System

1. Alphabetical system.
Under this system of codification, alphabets are basic and
codes to materials are allotted in alphabets which have no
relation with numbers.

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2. Numerical system.
The numerical system is based on numbers. Numbers are
allotted as codes to the materials making provision for future
expansion as well. The system is divided into the following: 2.1
Simple number - Each item is allotted a number. A few numbers
are kept for future.
2.2 Block number - Under the block number system items of similar
are grouped together and to one group a block number is
allotted which may further be divided according to need.
 2.3 Dash or stroke number.
This is an important over the block number system. In this
system, in between certain digits a stroke or dash is put to
describe varying characteristics of the item being codified.

3. Decimal System
The decimal system category is indicated and separated
from each other by a decimal point. The digits maybe as many
as is the requirement of the storehouse.

4. Combined Alphabetical and Numerical system. As the name of

the system implies, this system is a mixture of both the systems –
alphabetical and numerical. It has been evolved in order to improve
upon the two systems and take the advantages of both.

5. Brisch system.
The Brisch system is based on numbers from 0 to 9 and
consists of blocks (typically three) separated by decimal points.
The blocks are assigned specific classifications of the materials

6. Kodak system
This system was developed by Eastman Kodak Company of
New York, USA. This system of codification assimilates all the
benefits of the other systems discussed earlier. Primarily, its
fundamentals are based on numerical system of codification.