CHAPTER 2: MULTIMEDIA SOURCES AND HARDWARE  Illustration

- An artist may create digital illustration under direct manipulation with the use of a some computer
Unit I: MULTIMEDIA SOURCES peripherals. With a mouse or a stylus pen, a designer or an artist can create a graphic art may it be
kinetic, applied, or contemporary art. It is possible to incorporate photographic elements but
The term "electronic media" refers to information that is accessed by the use of electronics o electromechanical
illustrations are usually started from scratch and do not rely much on embedding imagery.
means. This contrasts with static media or print media, which are usually produced electronically but do not
require electronic access by users. Video recordings, sound recordings, slide presentations, multimedia
 Special Effects
presentations, and online materials are popular electronic media products created in devices such as computers
- Special effects are product of CGI or computer generated imagery. It uses computer graphics that are
and tablets. These electronic media makes up the bulk of new media.
eventually added to television shows, shorts, advertisements, and other video materials. Images
produced may be dynamic or static, and can be two to three-dimensional. The use of special effects is
cheaper compared to constructing infrastructures, hiring a crowd of people, or building mechanical
Gears we need to start designing/producing multimedia content robots needed for a certain script.

 Sketchbook  Photography
- Consist of blank pages for drawing or painting that is often used by artists and designers as part of - With the use of computers and photo editing software, it's possible to restore and enhance captured
their creative process. It is concerned with documenting what was observed from the real world that images to better attract clients and sell the product faster. It increases appeal and may be customized
that can be translated into an art form, an inspiration, or basis for a project to vary from targeted clients.

 Computer
- With the advent of technology, computers are now used to translate imaginations and creativity in
digital format that may be used in a variety of projects. It preserves creative output and it speeds up
distribution via internet. UNIT 2: MULTIMEDIA HARDWARE

 Printer In producing multimedia projects, computers are an integral part of the development process. Understanding
- After a series of conceptualization and designing, the layout design may be printed to check whether the internal components of the machine is extremely beneficial in order to assess whether it supports capturing,
the font style, size, color scheme and the smallest details you have included matches the overall editing and viewing of multimedia elements.
theme of your project.
1. Processor
 Also known as the CPU or Central Processing Unit;
 Software
 considered as the brain of the computer;
- In terms of design and graphics, Adobe is the current leader and shows no sign of decreasing
 carries out the instructions of computer programs stored in the memory;
popularity. For digital prints PhotoShop, Illustrator and InDesign are leaders in this area. For motion
 It is the most powerful integrated circuitry (IC) chip;
graphics, effects and mobile design, AfterEffects, Animate and Xd are popular choices.
 Although the CPU is NOT the only processor in a computer, the term is used interchangeable
Uses of computers in the art and design field

 Animation
- Animation was once dominated with the use of pencil and hand-drawn drawings, but now computers
play a major role in the industry. Artist working in the field are not only required to have creative skills Four Primary operations of the CPU
in drawing but also computer skills. The idea is automate or play specified images at a faster pace in
order to project a continuous motion. 1. Fetch — receiving of instructions from the RAM
2. Decode — instructions are converted to identify which part of the processor are also needed perform
the requested operation
3. Execute — execution of the operation
 Design
4. Write-back — a method in which data is written into the cache
- The use of computers has benefited the design industry in terms of speeding and creating a more
appealing visual content for advertising and other promotional materials. Graphic designers use
computer programs such as InDesign, and Quark to eliminate the conventional paste-up techniques
that was usually used before. Designers use computers in every step of production, from ad design for
billboards, leaflets to complicated jobs like magazine and book layouts.
The basic elements of a processor 1. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
- It uses constant power supply to store data in transistors. SRAM is called static because it does not
 Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) — carries out arithmetic and logic operations require any circuit refreshing to recall and keep the data intact. It is used in cache memories.
 Floating point unit (FPU) — a coprocessor designed to carry out operations on floating- point
numbers 2. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
 Processor registers — a location built to a computer's processor that speeds the execution of - Capacitors are used to store data in this type of memory. It gradually discharges power hence a
computer programs by providing quick access to data of specific calculation periodic refresh of power is needed to keep the data intact and accessible at all times. It is used in
 LI cache memory — also called the primary, cache is a memory built into the processor responsible main memory.
for storing recently accessed information
 L2 cache memory — also called Level 2 cache stores data that are not stored in LI cache
Comparison of SRAM and DRAM

Difference between LI, L2, and L3 Cache SRAM DRAM

L1
A cache memory that is directly
built into processor and is used to
store the CPUs recently
accessed information
L2
A cache memory that is located
outside and separated from the
CPU chip core. although it is
found on the same CPU chip
package
L3
A cache memory that is used by
the CPU and is usually built onto
the motherboard within the CPU
module itself
Transistors are used to store information in SRAM. Capacitors are used to store data in DRAM.
Capacitors are not used hence no refreshing is To store information for a longer time, contents of
required. the capacitor need to be refreshed periodically.
SRAM is faster as compared to DRAM. DRAM provides slow access speeds.

Smallest cache Larger than LI but smaller than L2 Largest cache These are expensive. These are cheaper.
cache
SRAMs are low density devices. DRAMs are high density devices.

Called level I or primary or Called level 2, secondary or Called level 3 or external cache These are used in cache memories. These are used in main memories.
internal cache external cache

Fastest cache Slower than LI but faster than L3 Slowest cache

Types of DRAM
Each core in the Each code in the CPU has the All cores in the CPU share the
1. SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM) — a type of memory that synchronizes itself to the system
CPU has their own own L2 cache memory L3 cache same L3 cache memory
LI cache memory memory clock that the CPU is optimized.
2. DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM) — supports data transfer on both edges of a clock cycle
(rising and falling edges) double the data it transmits.
3. RDRAM (Rambus RAM) – a computer memory developed by Rambus, Inc. that uses serial data
transfer. It requires manufacturers to pay certain patent fee that makes it a bit expensive compared to
other available standards.
2. Memory and Storage Devices
Types of Memory Modules
 Memory is needed to preserve variety of files during the development process;
 These files can be video recordings, background music, and 3D images with massive file sizes. 1. SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module) — has a 32-bit data bus where pins present on either side are
 Multitasking is the practice these days, with higher RAM it will keep your computer running at its best connected.
allowing you to focus on creativity and work with various applications 2. DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) — both sides of this memory module is consist of separate
electrical contacts that doubles the 32-bit data bus of a SIMM to 64-bit. Examples of DIMM memory
Two basic types of computer memory
modules are DDR RAM.
1. Primary memory 3. SODIMM (Small Outline DIMM) - small outline of the regular DIMM use for netbooks and notebooks.
- Only the data and instructions for which the machine is actually operating are stored in primary
memory. The data stored in the RAM are immediately destroyed once the power is cut off.
Here are some of the main DDR4 improvements over DDR3 RAM:
Types of RAM
 1. More available clock speeds, and lower power consumption  Keyboard
2. 64GB maximum capacity per memory module (common capacities include 8, 16 and 32 GB)  Scanner
3. 1600 Mbps to 3200 Mbps data transfer rates  Light pen
4. 1.2 volts of electrical power required  Trackball
5.  Bar Code Reader
2. Secondary memory  MIC
- A non-volatile computer memory use to store multimedia files, and install applications.  Touch screen
- In a computer system it may refer to hard drives and solid state drives.  Camera
- It may also refer to removal storage device such as flash memory, and optical storage devices such as  Joystick
CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Disks

Output Devices
The difference between HDD and SDD
- Devices that displays or deliver processed information to users. Processed information/data may be in
Hard Disk Drive a variety of formats which includes audio, video, displays, and even hard copy media for physical
reproduction.
- An electro-mechanical data storage system abbreviated as HD or HDD that uses magnetic storage and
one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material to store and retrieve digital Output devices may be of the following:
data. It is connected to the motherboard via an IDE or SATA cable and powered by the computer's
power supply unit. It is possible to start a computer without a hard drive, you just have to allow the  Monitor
computer to boot from a removable bootable devices in the BIOS boot sequence.  Printer
 Speakers
Solid State Drive
 Headset
- Modern computers often use SSD as its primary storage, leaving HDD as the secondary storage. The  Projector
OS and other applications like Photoshop, SketchUp, and Premiere will be stored in this drive while  Plotter
data can be stored in the HDD. Most laptops that are sold on malls, and stores are usually installed
Types of Printer
with 256 GB of SSD and 1 TB of HDD.
1. Ink jet
Advantages of SSD
- a type of printer that sprays tiny dots of ink onto paper to form images, and texts.
1. Speed
- SSDs perform fast operations because they do not include any mechanical components. A standard 2. Laser
SSD is 25-100 times faster than a typical HDD. This enables faster boot times; file transfers, program - uses a laser unit that fires to a mirror t? draw the shape of an image (text, shapes, images, etc.)
loading, and other popular computing tasks. generated in the computer
2. Durability
- The continuous motion produced by small moving parts in conventional hard drives generates heat, 3. Dot matrix
which is a major cause of hard drive failure. Having no moving parts, SSDs are more durable and - an impact printer that prints images, or text using a pin that strikes an ink-coated ribbon
shock-resistant to common drops than the common hard drives.
3. Compact and easy to carry
Graphics Processing Unit
- With lightweight components, solid construction, and thin enclosure, SSDs are more mobile-friendly,
making notebooks easier to carry - The actual processor responsible from the rendering of 3D graphics, creation of visual effects and
4. Power Consumption computer generated scenes. Modern GPUs now support high performance computing (HPC) to help
- SSDs do not have any moving parts like HDDs that have magnetic disk for read/write functioning. It process complex calculations and high speeds
also uses less power resulting to less heat.
Types of GPU
Input Devices
1. Integrated GPU
- Any peripheral device used to provide data and control signals to an electronic device, such as a - does not come on a separate card and is embedded alongside the CPU.
computer, tablet, and mobile phone. - e.g. Intel Iris Plus and Intel Iris X graphics
Input devices may be of the following:
2. Discrete/Dedicated GPU
- a dedicated GPU is a distinct chip typically mounted to a PCl Express slot. It is design not only for
running graphic intensive games in a 4k resolution but can support content creation.
- e.g. Intel Iris Xe MAX