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IS 456: 2000

qn - Calculated maximum bearing pressure Ym - Partial safety factor for material


of soil 8m Percentage reduction in moment
r - Radius e ec - Creep strainof concrete
s - Spacing of stirrups or standard G&:hI; - Permissible stress in concrete in
deviation bending compression
T - Torsional moment a&;e - Permissible.stress in concrete indirect
- Wall thickness compression
oftK: - Permissible stress in metal in· direct
V - Shear force
compression
W - Total load GM: - Permissible stress in steel in
WL Wind load compression
w - Distributed load per unit area (J", - Permissible stress in steel in tension
Wd - Distributed dead load per unit area a"v - Permissible tensile stress in shear
reinforcement
WI - Distributed imposed loadper unitarea
t hd - Design bond stress
x - Depth of neutral axis
t&; Shear stress in concrete
Z Modulus of section
t e• mI&X- Maximum shear stress in concrete
l - Lever arm with shear reinforcement
a. 8 - Anile or ratio 'tv - Nominal shear stress
Yr - Partial safety factorfor load , - Diameter of bar

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