16 Tenses in English

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CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which
is happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please don`t make so much noise. I`m studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We oIten use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :You`re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot oI to do
We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very Iast.
1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED
The adverbs oI time used in Present Continous tense are 'NOW, RIGHT NOW,
TOMORROW, ETC.
1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
The patterns oI Present continous tense consist oI :

1.3.a. Positive Pattern

S am/is/are Verb 4..................Now
S sedang 4................sekarang

Examples :
1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.
4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
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6. They are playing Iootball in the Iield now.
7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
8. The students are doing sport now.

1.3.b. The Negative Pattern

S am/is/are Not Verb 4.............. Now
S tidak sedang 4 ...............sekarang
Example :
1. I am not studying now
2. He is not sleeping now
3. My Iather is not watching television now.
4. we aren`t going to Jakarta Tomorrow.

1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern

Am/Is/Are S Verb 4..................Now?
Apakah S sedang 4..........sekarang ?
Examples :
1. Are you studying English now? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
2. Is he eating Iried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isn`t
3. Is your Iather working in the oIIice now? Yes, He is/No, He isn`t

1.3.d. Question-word Pattern

QW Am/Is/Are S Verb 4................Now?
QW yang S 4................sekarang?
Examples :
1. what are you doing now? studying
2. Where is he studying English now? at school

EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.
1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang
2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah Iilm di televisiMereka sedang bermain bola di
halaman sekarang
4. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu
5. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang
6. Harga saham di bursa EIek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
7. Pak Edi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang
8. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Opet sekarang.
9. Ane, Ega, dan Tomi sedang berdiskusi sekarang.
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EXERCISE 2 : Change the Iollowing sentences into (), (-), and (?)

1. They are speaking English now.
2. We are not reading now.
3. Is your mother Irying rice now? No, she isn`t.
4. What is your Iather looking at now ? a picture.
5. He is watching 'Plan to kill on TV now.
6. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now.
7. Is Maradona playing Iootball in Argentina Now?

EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the
underlined words in the Iollowing sentences.

1. John is eating a plate oI rice in the dining room now.
2. The cat is eating Iried chicken in the kitchen now.
3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about Iood now.
4. My Iather is teaching Biology at school now.

EXERCISE 4 : Answer the Iollowing questions with your own words.

1. Are you studying English now ?
2. Is your Iather reading a newspaper now?
3. Is your mother sewing a shirt now?
4. Are They singing a song at home now?
5. Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now?
6. What is your mother doing now?
7. What is your brother doing now?

EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the Iollowing verbs
Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking,
dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking, watching,
shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working

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CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE

2.1. The Use oI Simple Past Tense
We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.

2.2. The Adverbs oI time used

The adverbs oI time used in this tense are Yesterday, last..., a week ago, this
morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
etc.

2.3. The Patterns oI Simple Past Tense

2.3.1. The Positive Pattern

S Verb 2.................... Yesterday
S 2.....................
Examples :
1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We studied English here last week.
3. They played Iootball in the Iield yesteryear

2.3.2. The Negative Pattern

S didn`t Verb 1.............. ....Yesterday
S tidak 1.............kemarin
Examples :
1. John didn`t see a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We didn`t study here last week.
3. They didn`t play Iootball in the Iield yesteryear.

2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern

Did S Verb 1...................Yesterday?
Apakah S 1................kemarin?
Examples:
1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he
didn`t
2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didn`t
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3. Did they play Iootball in the Iield yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they
didn`t

2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern

QW did S Verb 1................Yesterday?
Qw yang S 1...............?

Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday

QW Verb 2................Yesterday? S did
QW 2.............?

Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-Iield last year? A coconut tree did

EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !
1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin
2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ?
3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu
4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ?
5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu.
6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.
7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya.
8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu
9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya.
10.Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya.

EXERCISE II. Change the Iollowing sentences into (), (-), ( ?), Present
Continous Tense.

1. Tom saw the cats having business under the tree yesterday
2. They played cricket at school last week
3. Did the policeman arrest the thieI last night ?
4. The teacher did not attend the meeting this morning

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Chapter 3
PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

We oIten use will in this situation:
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. I`ll help with it.

Agreeing and refusing to do something
e.g. I`ve asked john to help me but he won`t

!romising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.

Asking someone to do something.
Will you close the window,please!

A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S will/shall Verb 1.............. Tomorrow
S akan 1 .........

Example:
1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow

B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows

S won`t/shan`t Verb 1........ .... Tomorrow
S tidak akan 1 ..............

Example:
1. John won`t run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva won`t play badminton tomorrow

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C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows

Will/Shall S Verb 1............... Tomorrow?
Apakah S akan 1............?

1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he won`t.
2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she won`t

D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows

QW will/shall S Verb 1............Tomorrow?
QW yang S akan 1..........?

1. when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month
2. who will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? John will
3. where will John run a restaurant Next month? Next month
4. what will John do in Jakarta Next month? Running a restaurant

We oIten use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,
what we intend to do in the Iuture.
e.g. A:There`s a Iilm on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.

The pattern :

S am/is/are going to Verb 1..............

S am/is/are not going to Verb 1........ ....

Am/is/are S going to Verb 1............... .?

QW am/is/are S going to verb 1........... ..?

4. PRESENT TENSE

Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk
about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.
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e.g. The earth goes round the sun
- The earth doesn`t go round the sun
? Does the earth go round the sun ?

I get up at 8 o`clock every morning
- I don`t get up at 8 o`clock every morning
? Do you get up at 8 o`clock very morning?
The pattern :
S Verb 1 (s/es).............. Everyday/today

S don`t/doesn`t Verb 1........ ..Everyday/today

Do/Does S Verb 1............Everyday/today?

QW Do/does S Verb 1..........Everyday/today?

We use the present simple when wse say how oIten we do things:
e.g. How oIten do you go to the dentist ?
Mary doesn`t oIten drink tea.

. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

e use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. 1he action or situation had already started before this
time but hadn't finished:
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This time last year I was living in Brazil
e often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that
something happened in the middle of something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
S was/were verb 4........When s Verb 2.....

S was/were not Verb 4......When s Verb 2....

Was/were S verb 4........ When s Verb 2 ... ..?

QW was/were S verb 4.....When s Verb 2 ....?

e.g. She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
- She wasn`t cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?

. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We oIten use the present perIect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She`s gone to Jakarta.
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We can use the Present PerIect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected
e.g. Don`t Iorget to post this letter, will you? I`ve already posted it.

We can use the Present PerIect Tense with just ( a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I`ve just had lunch`.

We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perIect.
e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 diIIerent countries.

We oIten use ever and never with the present perIect:
e.g. have you ever eaten caviar?
We have never had a car.

We have to use present perIect Tense with This is the first time., It the first
time.
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)

We oIten use the present perIect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it
stopped raining yet ? (not did it stop`).

The pattern:

S have/has verb 3..........etc

S haven`t/hasn`t Verb 3........etc

Have/has S verb 3......... ..etc?

QW have/has S verb 3........etc?

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

We use the Past perIect to say that something had already happened before this
time

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Example :

- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home
- When I got home, I Iound that someone had broken into my Ilat and had
stolen my Iur coat.
- George didn`t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already
seen the Iilm twice.
- It was my Iirst time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn`t
Ilown beIore.

The pattern:

S had verb 3....when/beIore S V2

S hadn`t Verb 3... when/beIore S V2

Had S verb 3.... when/beIore S V2 ?

QW had S verb 3... when/beIore S V2 ?

Translate these sentences into English !

1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
4. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.

. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S have/has been verb 4....etc

S haven`t/hasn`t been verb 4..etc
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Have/has S been verb 4....etc ?

QW have/has S been verb 4.etc ?

Example :

- Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini

The students have been singing since this morning
- The students haven`t been singing since this morning
? Have the students been singing since this morning ?

1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam
2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ?
3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam
4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun
5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?
6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam

. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S had been verb 4....when S V2

S hadn`t been Verb 4... when S V2
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Had S been verb 4.... when S V2 ?

QW had S been verb 4... when S V2 ?

Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin

They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday
- They hadn`t been doing the homework when I came yesterday
? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?

1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang
menakutkan
2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki
berteriak
4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi

10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

S will be Verb 4 O at......o`clock

S won`t be Verb 4 O at.....o`clock
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Will S be Verb 4 O at....o`clock ?

QW will S be Verb 4....o`clock ?

Example :

- Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi

You will be going to school at seven o`clock tomorrow morning
- You won`t be going to school at seven o`clock tomorrow morning
? Will you be going to school at seven o`clock tomorrow morning ?

1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi
2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam
5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam

11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S will have verb 3 ....by the end..

S won`t have Verb 3 .....by the end..
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Will S have Verb 3 ...by the end.. ?

QW will S have Verb 3 ....by the end. ?

Example :

- Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.

We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow aIternoon
- We won`t have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow aIternoon
? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow aIternoon ?

1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini
2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini
3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini

12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S will have been verb 4...since....

S won`t have been verb 4...since....
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Will S have been verb 4..since....?

QW will S have been verb 4..since...?

Example :

- Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok

They will have been studying since this morning
- They won`t have been studying since this morning
? Will they have been studying since this morning ?

1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris
selama tiga tahun
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul Iitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

S would V1.IF S verb 2.....etc

S wouldn`t verb 1.. object......etc
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Would S verb 1 .. object .......etc ?

Example :

1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya
I would come iI you invited me
2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang
Tom would travel iI he had more money

Exercise Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan
3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus

14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE

S would be Verb 4..when S verb 2....etc

S wouldn`t be verb 4..when S verb 2...etc
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Would S be verb 4 ... when S verb 2..etc ?

Example :

- Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang

They would be going home when we came
- They wouldn`t be going home when we came
? Would they be going home when we came ?

1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu
3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola
waktu itu.

1. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S would have verb 3...IF S had verb 3...

S wouldn`t have verb 3 ..object.....etc
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Would S have verb 3 ...object.....etc ?

Example :

- Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam
pemilihan umum.
- He would have become a presiden iI his party had won in general election


1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan
begitu sulit.
3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello
4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya

1. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S would have been verb 4...IF S had verb 3...
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S wouldn`t have been verb 4...object....etc

Would S have been verb 4.. ...object.....etc ?

Example :

- Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota
sudah datang tepat pada waktunya
- The meeting would have been starting since this morning iI Mayor had come
on time.


1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada
waktunya.
2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak
makanan itu

17. Abbreviation (singkatan)
1. I am I`m
2. You are You`re
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3. We are We`re
4. They are They`re
5. He is He`s
6. She is She`s
7. It is It`s
8. Will not won`t
9. Would not Wouldn`t
10.Do not Don`t
11.Does not Doesn`t
12.Did not Didn`t
13.Is not Isn`t
14.Are not Aren`t
15.Was not Wasn`t
16.Were not Weren`t
17.Have not Haven`t
18.Has not Hasn`t
19.Had not Hadn`t
20.Can not Can`t
21.Could not Couldn`t
22.Must not Mustn`t
23.Should not Shouldn`t
24.Might not Mightn`t
25.May not Mayn`t

1. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)

Penjelasan:
1. Kalimat pasiI ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan
atau yang predikatnya berawalan di./ ter.
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2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang
bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasiI dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:

S To be V3.............by.

4. To be berIungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk
membentuk awalan : di..atau: ter.
5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus
kalimat aktiI)

Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini :
1. Present Future Tense: S will be V3.by.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S will be being V3.by.
3. Present Future PerIect Tense: S will have been V3
4. Present Future PerIect Continuous Tense: S will have been being V3..
5. Simple Present Tense: S am/is/are V3.
6. Present Continuous Tense: S am/is/are being V3.
7. Present PerIect Tense: S have/has been V3
8. Present PerIect Continuous Tense: S have been/has been being V3.
9. Past PerIect Tense: S had been V3.
10.Past PerIect Continuous Tense: S had been being V3.
11.Simple Past Tense: S Was/were V3.
12.Past Continuous Tense: S was/were being V3.
13.Past Future Tense: S would be V3.
14.Past Future Continuous Tense: S would be being V3.
15.Past Future PerIect Tense: S would have been V3.
16.Past Future PerIect Continuous Tense: S would have been being V3.

Penjelasan :
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1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasiI ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasiIditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasiI menunjukan: Continuous.

1. PASSIVE - VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM

1. Present Future Tense
S tak akan di.......
Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.
S Won`t be V3....(by him)...
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2. Present Future Continuous Tense
S tidak sedang akan di....
Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi.
3. Present Future PerIect Tense
S belum akan di....
Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini
4. Present Future PerIect Continuous Tense

Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini.

5. Simple Present Tense

Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim.
6. Present Continuous Tense

Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang
7. Present PerIect Tense

Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawan-
kawan saya.

8. Present PerIect Continuous Tense

Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun
yang lalu.

9. Past PerIect Tense
S Won`t be being V3.(by them)..
S Won`t have been V3..(by her)
S Won`t have been V3..(by the Bank)...
S (am not/isn`t/aren`t) V3..(by the Judge)
S (am not/isn`t/aren`t) being V3. (by..)
S (hasn`t/haven`t) been V3..(by ....)
S (hasn`t/haven`t) been being V3.by...
S hadn`t been V3.by...
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung
terbunuh.

10.Past PerIect Continuous Tense

Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi
dilimpahkan ke-propinsi.

11.Simple Past Tense

Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para
koruptor.

12.Past Continuous Tense

Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.
O No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.

ote : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.

20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE

1. Present Future Tense
Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ?
S hadn`t been being V3.(by....)
S (wasn`t/weren`t) V3.(by....)
S (wasn`t/weren`t) V3.(by....)
Will S be V3.(by..) Iew years Irom now ?
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

When ............ ? Few years Irom now.

2. Present Future Continuous Tense
Yes/No,.........
Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ?
What time ......... ? At 9 o`clock.

3. Present Future PerIect Tense
Yes/No,.........
Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ?
What .......... ? Your job.

4. Present Future PerIect Continuous Tense
Yes/No,.......
Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah
negara bangkrut ?
Why ............. ? Because none is hones in
government.

5. Simple Present Tense
Yes/No,......
Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ?
By whom ........... ? By our director.

6. Present Continuous Tense
Yes/No,.........
Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ?
Where ......... ? At the airport.

Will S have been V3..... ?
Will S have been V3.....?
Will S have been being V3.... ?
(Am /Is/Are) S V3...... ?
(Am/Is/Are ) S being V3.... ?
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

7. Present PerIect Tense
Yes/No,.........
Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?
How many tickets ..... ? 5 tickets

8. Present PerIect Continuous Tense
Yes/No,......
Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ?
How long ........ ? For 3 days.

9. Past PerIect Tense
Yes/No,......
Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum
mereka menyerahkan diri ?
Who ....... ? The robbers.

10.Past PerIect Continuous Tense
Yes/No,......
Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen
Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ?
How long ........ ? More than 3 year.
11.Simple Past Tense
Yes/No,......
Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ?
What .......... ? Tomy`s problem.
12.Past Continuous Tense
Yes/No,......
Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya
ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ?
By whom ....... ? By the mayor.
(Has/Have) S been V3 .... ?
(Has/Have) S been being V3.... ?
Had S been V3.... ?
Had S been being V3...... ?
(Were/Was) S V3 ..... ?
(Were/Was) S being V3.... ?
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

13.Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan
waktu
14.Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15.Past Future PerIect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16.Past Future PerIect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)

21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET

Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.
II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut:
1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini.
2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya.
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n
(onnvni.vi.c 1ni.n (ov.c 2^

3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya.
4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.

Rumus-Rumus Causative

A.

Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today
2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow
3. He is having a mechanic ...etc now

B.

Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday
2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday

Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have.
(have (has) had had having)

C.

Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow
2. He doesn`t get me to come to his house today
3. He has get me to bring a dictionary

D.

Eg : 1. The girl gets her Iace made up (dihias)
2. I won`t get my hair cut short.
3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now

S to have someone V1 . etc
S to have something
V3
S to get someone to V1 . etc
S to get somthing to V3 . etc
Catatan penting : Something (sth) sesuatu benda
Someone (so) seseorang (object): me, him, .
One`s (kepunyaan) my., your., her., our., their.
Eg example contoh. (Eg example gratia)
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

THE 1 TENSES

Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke TENSES TERTENTU:

S TO HAVE SOME ONE V1 .DST
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

1. S will have S.O V1 .
2. S will have had S.O V1 .
3. S have (has) S.O V1 .
4. S had S.O V1 .
5. S have had S.O V1 .
has
6. S had had S.O V1 .
7. S will be having S.O V1 .
8. S will have been having S.O V1 .
9. S (am, is, are) V4 S.O V1 .
10.S (was, were) V4 S.O V1 .
11.S (have been/has been) having S.O V1 .
12.S had been having S.O V1 .
13.S would have S.O V1 .
14.S would be having S.O V1 .
15.S would have had S.O V1 .
16.S would have been having S.O .

RENUNGKAN
1. to have, adalah bentuk : InIinitive (kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).

2. S.O Some One adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek.
Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi me, you, him, her, us, them.
One`s bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb
S (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya.
(T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind).

3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan
bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.

4. V1 V2 V3 V4
have had had having
PATTERN EXERCISE

TASK Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below

A.1.
S didin`t have me V1 . etc
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

Eg : ................

2.

Eg : ................

3.

Eg : When ..................

4.

Eg : Who has ............

5. suruhlah ..!

Eg : ..............

B. 1.

Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku.
................

2.

Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ?
..................... ?

3.

Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin
..................

4.

Siapa yang akan berpoto ?
Who will have one`s picture taken ?
One`s picture seseorang yang belum diketahui.

Do S have Us V1 .....?
Does
S won`t have one`s house V3 . etc
Have someone V1 .. !
QW will S have someone V1 . ?
Who has someone V1 .. ?
Who will have One`s sth V3 .. ?
QW did S have something V3 . yesterday
Do S have something V3 .. today ?
Does
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

IST OF TRANSITIVE - VERB

No
Infinitive
(Kata Dasar)
V1

Past Tense
V2
Past
Participle
V3
Present
Participle
V4
The Meaning in Indonesian
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n
(onnvni.vi.c 1ni.n (ov.c !

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
to do
to have
to tell
to own
to read
to write
to listen
to speak
to say
to ask
to answer
to borrow
to lend
to give
to send
to repeat
to buy
to sell
to present
to wait (Ior)
to see
to visit
to invite
to reject
to reIuse
to inprove
to avoid
to deny
to arrange
to plan
to make
to build
to burry
did
had
told
owned
read
wrote
listened
spoke
said
asked
answered
borrowed
lent
gave
sent
repeated
bought
sold
presented
waited
saw
visited
invited
rejected
reIused
improved
avoided
denied
arranged
planned
made
buit
burried
done
had
told
owned
read
written
~ed
spoken
said
~ed
~ed
~ed
lent
given
sent
~ed
bought
sold
~ed
~ed
seen
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
denied
~ed
~ned
made
built
burried
~ing
having
~ing
~ing
~ing
writing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
giving
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
inviting
~ing
reIusing
improving
~ing
~ing
arranging
~ing
making
~ing
~ing
mengerjkan, melakukan.
mempunyai
mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh.
memiliki
membaca
menulis
mendengarkan
berbicara, pandai berbahasa
berkata, mengatakan
bertanya, meminta, menyuruh
menjawab
meminjam (dari)
meminjamkan (kepada)
memberi (kan)
mengirim, menyuruh
mengulang
membeli
menjual
menyajikan (cerita, materi)
menunggu
melihat, bertemu, berkenalan
mengunjungi
mengundang, mengajak
menolak
menolak (tawaran, ajakan)
memperbaiki, meningkatkan
menghindari (kan)
menyangkal, mambantah
menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan
merencanakan
membuat, menyebabkan
membangun, mendirikan
menguburkan
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
to scold
to rebuke
to bribe
to attack
to deIend
to enIorce
to learn
to study
to copy
to compose
to review
to interview
to repair
to know
to understand
to take
to eat
to drink
to substitute
to succeed
to devide
to nominate
to cook
to receive
to believe
to agree
to disagree
to propose
to oppose
to predict
to let
to put
to cut
scolded
rebuked
bribed
attacked
deIended
enIorced
learnt
studied
copied
composed
reviewed
intervived
repaired
knew
understood
took
ate
drank
~d
~ed
~d
~d
~ed
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~ed
~ed
~d
learnt
studied
copied
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
known
understood
taken
eaten
drunk
~d
~d
~d
~d
~ed
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ing
rebuking
bribing
~ing
~ing
enIorcing
~ing
~ing
~ing
composing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
taking
~ing
~ing
subtituting
~ing
dividing
nominating
~ing
receiving
believing
~ing
~ing
proposing
opposing
~ing
~ting
~ting
~ting
memarahi
memarahi
menyuap, menyogok
menyerang
mempertahankan
memaksa, memberlakukan
belajar
mempelajari
menyalin
menyusun, mengarang
mengulang kembali
mewawancarai
mereparasi
mengetahui, tahu, kenal
mengerti
mengambil, mengantarkan
makan
minum
mengganti
berhasil, menggantikan
membagi
mencalonkan
memasak
menerima
percaya
setuju
tidak setuju
mengusulkan
menentang, melawan
meramalkan
membiarkan, mengijinkan
meletakkan
memotong
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
to continue
to draw
to think
to express
to prove
to remember
to remind
to warn
to memorize
to Iorget
to admire
to praise
to insult
to submit
to report
to open
to shut
to close
to mark
to weigh
to measure
to evaluate
to taste
to hold
to touch
to teach
to return
to reply
to pay
to calculate
to throw
to hit
to beat
~d
drew
thought
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
Iorgot
~d
~d
~ed
~ted
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~d
held
~ed
taught
~ed
replied
~ed
~d
threw
~ed
~ed
~d
drawn
thought
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
Iorgotten
~d
~d
~ed
~ted
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~d
held
~ed
taught
~ed
replied
~ed
~d
thrown
~ed
~ed
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
proving
~ing
~ing
~ing
memorizing
~ting
admiring
praising
~ing
~ting
~ing
~ing
~ting
closing
~ing
~ing
measuring
evaluating
tasting
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
calculating
~ing
~ting
~ing
meneruskan, melanjutkan
menggambar, menarik
berpikir, berpendapat
menyatakan, mengutarakan
membuktikan
ingat
mengingatkan
memperingatkan
mengingat-ingat, menghaIal
melupakan
mengagumi, memuji
memuji
menghina
menyerahkan
melaporkan
membuka
menutup
menutup
manandai, memberi tanda
menimbang
mengukur
mengevaluasi
mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah)
memegang, mengadakan
menyentuh, meraba
mengajar
mengembalikan
menjawab
membayar
menghitung
melempar
memukul
memukul
1 Icn.c. 1n 1ni.n

100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
to bite
to hide
to serve
to explain
to interpret
to predict
to activate
to motivate
bit
hid
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
beaten
hid
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~ing
hiding
serving
~ing
~ing
~ing
activating
motivating
menggigit
bersembunyi
melayani, menghidangkan
menerangkan
menaIsirkan
meramalkan
mengaktiIkan, menggiatkan
memotivasi, menggerakan
Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (InIinitive)
Contoh : to work ..~ ed worked // ~ ing working, dst.
'to pada InIinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (ihat Rumus)

16 Tenses in English

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