72. B. In an emergency situation such as cardiac arrest.

According to Massachusetts nursing association

there is a right that a nurse have for medication administration and the RIGHT TO A COMPLETE AND
CLEARLY WRITTEN ORDER is included wherein Verbal orders should never be taken and telephone
orders should only be taken if the physician is not physically present unless there is an emergency
situation that needs cation urgently.

73. B. After a patient wakes up from a nap and no visitors are present. Teaching a patient new
knowledge such as the newly prescribed drug therapy will be the most effective, wherein the patient’s
brain is still functioning the most is after he/she took his nap. Environmental factor is also needed to be
considered in when education, such as having privacy wherein no visitors are present since these factors
contribute to the patient’s presence of mind with the topic.

74. B. if I take more, I’ll have better response. This kind of patient statement needs further teaching
since taking more drugs does not always give positive effects, overdosage that can be toxic with the
body is present when taking too much drug medications. Choices a, c, and d are all positive statements
that reflects the good learning of the patient.

75. B. Deficient knowledge. A knowledge deficit in relation to healthcare is a lack of information needed
for a thorough understanding of a disease process and recommended treatments and the ability to
make informed choices or carry out tasks in alignment with health maintenance. The patient’s
statement like “I just don’t know why am I taking all of these pills”, indicates lack of knowledge and right
information as to why he has a those pills to take, the right kind of information is always vital especially
in medicine since patients will have to comply as to what their prescriber said.

76. a. The majority of medication errors result from weaknesses within the system rather than individual
shortcomings. Wrong dose, missing doses, and wrong medication are the most commonly reported
administration errors. Contributing factors to patient and caregiver error include low health literacy,
poor provider–patient communication, absence of health literacy, and universal precautions in the
outpatient clinic (Patient Safety Netord,2021). These factors are more likely to be the fault of the system
since it is mostly about communication errors which a nurse should recognize when she is planning the
patient’s care.

77. B encourage the patient to question the medications if the medications are different than he or she
expects. Option a is not a way of preventing medical error since the patient also has no idea expect with
the information given before she receives the medication, option c and d are not a way of preventing
thus this is a different method because the nurse cannot monitor the patient. While B is a way to
prevent medication error since patient nurse relationship/ communication will help the prescriber
identify whether there are errors in the meds or none, and encouraging the patient to voice out his
thoughts regarding his medicine can also help in gathering data.

78. C. Always double check the many drugs with sound alike and look alike names because of the high
risk of medication error. In option a the prescriber always need to be right but it is not included in the
process of medication, wherein option c is compatible since when giving the drug medication to a
patient, the error is usually in the process of taking the drugs since there are a lot of medicine that looks
a lot like each other and double checking it reduces the risk of error.

79. B. Z-track method. The Z-track method is a type of IM injection technique used to prevent tracking
(leakage) of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue (underneath the skin). By leaving a zigzag path
that seals the needle track, this technique prevents drug leakage into the subcutaneous tissue, helps
seal the drug in the muscle, and minimizes skin.

80. C. a raised, fluid- filled bleb resembling a mosquito bite. Once the ID injection is completed, a bleb
(small blister) should appear under the skin. Since intradermal injection are injections administered into
the dermis, just below the epidermis, the bleb must be just like getting bitten by a mosquito as the same
process with the bite is used and the presence of the bleb indicates that the medication has been
correctly placed in the dermis.

81. B. because it will disperse the medication into underlying tissues. According to clinical procedures for
patient care by British Columbia institute, “Do not massage or cover the site. Massaging the area may
spread the solution to the underlying subcutaneous tissue”.

82. C. Do nothing. After intradermal ID injection is completed, a bleb (small blister) should appear under
the skin and the presence of the bleb indicates that the medication has been correctly placed in the
dermis, so doing nothing to the bleb is the answer.

83. A. intramuscular. While aspiration is defined as the pulling back of the plunger of a syringe (for 5–10
seconds) prior to injecting medicine. Aspiration is most commonly performed during an intramuscular
(IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection, and is meant to ensure that the needle tip is located at the desired
site, and has not accidentally punctured a blood vessel (Workman B, 1999) . Since the dermis is relatively
vascular, it is not necessary to aspirate during an intradermal injection. Aspiration is not necessary
because it is extremely uncommon for a subcutaneous injection to puncture a blood artery.

84. C. withdraw the needle and start over. Patient safety is the priority. If blood appears in the syringe,
remove the needle and dispose of the medication and syringe properly. Prepare another dose of
medication for injection. A new dose must be prepared to be able to visualize whether a blood vessel is
entered in the second attempt.

85. D. massaging the site after injection. Although massaging the injection site improves circulation
there and hence boosts absorption, this is not recommended after all IM injections because it depends
on the medicine. View the advice for particular medications.

86. D. IV administration is irreversible. The IV method enables quick action and exact control of
medication levels in the blood. IV medicine is instantly and completely absorbed. Once a drug has been
injected, it cannot be removed from the body; it is permanently inside the body.