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APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Summarize the scope and goals of psychology.
Page: 4
Topic: Definition of Psychology
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the scope and goals of psychology.
Page: 5
Topic: Definition of Psychology
1-1
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the
prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the scope and goals of psychology.
Page: 4
Topic: Definition of Psychology
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Summarize the scope and goals of psychology.
Page: 4
Topic: Critical Thinking
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Summarize the scope and goals of psychology.
Page: 4
Topic: Critical Thinking
1-2
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the
prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
10. Behaviors differ from mental processes in that behaviors
A. are controlled externally.
B. stem from critical thinking.
C. are expressed privately.
D. can be observed directly.
11. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the attitude of skepticism in psychology?
A. Martina asks her pharmacist to repeat the instructions for taking her medication.
B. Doug tells a customer at his clothing boutique that he can buy clothes that are cheaper at another store.
C. Lindsey wonders if the sleeping pill she has been prescribed can really help her sleep.
D. Alex buys the newest exercise ball in the market to help him lose weight in just five days.
12. Which of the following attitudes are central to the scientific approach to psychology?
A. critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity
B. critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and subjectivity
C. critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and objectivity
D. critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and subjectivity
13. Using the ________ means gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data, and logical
reasoning.
A. pseudoscientific method
B. empirical method
C. method of intuition
D. creative method
14. Which of the following goals of science does the empirical method best fulfill?
A. expectations
B. objectivity
C. subjectivity
D. political correctness
15. One of the reasons psychologists have reached a more accurate understanding of human behavior is that they
A. are unanimous about why the mind and behavior work as they do.
B. do not need to be objective in their studies of humans.
C. foster debate and controversies.
1-3
Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the
prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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“Yes,” said Phyl.
“Very well,” said the boy, “you’re trespassing,—this is the first-class deck.”
Fresh horror came into their eyes; they had just escaped one danger to be
plunged into another.
“We didn’t know,” they said, “no one told us not to come.”
“You ought to have known,” the boy said, “the captain won’t take that
excuse, I can assure you—you’ll be sentenced like the rest of them.”
AUSTRALIA
MOONDI-MOONDI
The woman ran them out of the house with her broom.
Clif cudgelled his brain to think of something that would keep them safely
amused while he and Ted explored further. Whatever happened he felt he
must be on the scene every day now when the train came in, for the woman
had said that the new people might come any day. Ted was equally
convinced that he must, so there could be no relegating duty. At last he hit
on a plan, and told Lizzie he was going to take the small ones out with him,
which quite satisfied the girl. He told Teddie his idea, and between them
they purloined one of the clothes-lines, some gingerbread, a bottle of jam,
and a newspaper or two.
Then they set off with their troublesome charges. A quarter of an hour’s
walk away, at the head of the swamp creek, there were a number of pools of
water, very shallow at this dry time of the year. Clif selected an isolated one
that was far enough from the bush to be tolerably safe from snakes, and yet
close enough to be hidden from the road. He helped the little lads to
undress, and he put their clothes in safety on the bough of a tree—part of
his responsibility was to keep them from ruining their clothes. Round each
of their naked little waists he tied a length of rope which he made fast to the
tree. He told them they were wild Indians, imprisoned for scalping whites,
but that he had begged the king to give them enough freedom to bathe when
they liked, as wild Indians went mad if they didn’t. He put the gingerbread,
the bottle of jam, and a spoon close to them, and he rapidly made a fleet of
paper boats for them to sail.
The little lads were capering with delight at the novel game, and hardly
noticed when the big boys slipped away.
“That’s great,” said Clif as they went back; “they can’t get into a bit of
harm, ’cause they can’t go past the length of the rope anywhere. And they
can’t hurt their blessed clothes; and they can’t get drowned ’cause the
water’s not up to their knees; and they can’t catch cold, it’s so hot. Come
on, the train must be nearly in.”
“Tell you,” said Ted, “let’s hide in their garden and watch them; they’d only
stop at the station a minute or two, and they’d see us if we followed.” Their
mother had impressed it upon them very clearly the last time the tenants
moved into this house, that people hated little boys to stand about and stare
when they were moving, and that nice gentlemanly boys would not think of
even peeping through the cracks of the fence.
Clif found his brother’s suggestion good.
“Near the side-room window there’s a tank, we could squeeze down in the
place where it doesn’t touch the wall and see everything,” he said.
“Come on,” said Ted, “I can hear the train.” And they swarmed over the
fence with no further ado.
For nearly an hour they crouched patiently in their uncomfortable position
before there was anything to see. Ted was just suggesting this could not be
the day, but at last there came rumbling along the old patched-up cart of the
blacksmith, the only one obtainable at short notice. An idler, not more than
half sober, walked beside it—the only man obtainable at short notice. No
one in the place had known the new teacher was coming so soon, or there
would have been quite an army to offer help, for the people were kindly.
But it happened that the Sunday-school picnic was taking place a mile or
two away, and the village was deserted. Behind the cart walked a little lady
in black, with two little light-haired girls beside her, and a little dark-haired
one running in front.
They turned in at the gate. The boys wondered what made the lady look as
if she were going to cry as she gazed at the forlorn empty cottage. The
scrubbing woman had gone—indeed, so anxious to get to the picnic had she
been, she had not finished the work, meaning to come back to it at night;
the windows, though thrown up, had still a year’s dirt upon them; there was
a bucket of dirty water in the narrow hall; in the kitchen there was a heap of
old fish- and jam-tins and other rubbish.
The man was unloading the cart under protest; the boys watched him bump
in some packing-cases and flat cabin-boxes, a few chairs, two mattresses,
and a bundle of bed-laths. The little girls kept running to and fro with the
lighter bags and articles.
“Where is the rest of the beds?” said the lady, looking in dismay at the now
almost empty cart.
“Must ha’ left it at the station,” said the man laconically. He tipped the cart
at an angle and slid the piano-case off on to the footpath.
“Have to get two men to lift that in,” he said, “can’t shift a piano by myself;
ten bob, please, mum.”
The lady seemed afraid of him, and hurriedly gave him his half-sovereign to
get rid of him. He climbed into his cart and went bumping off down the
road again.
The forlorn little procession trailed slowly into the cottage and to the very
room beneath the window of which the boys were crouching. The mother
sat down on a packing-case, struggled to smile and say something cheerful,
but found it impossible and burst into tears instead, and the three tired,
dispirited little girls joined in heartily.
“Whatever’s up with them?” said Teddie, uneasily.
“They’re in black,” whispered Clif, “some one’s dead.”
“Come, Phyl, come, Dolly, this will never do,” said the mother, drying her
eyes after a little time, “we must make the best of it, little daughters, and
first of all we must get something to eat or we shall all be ill.”
The little girls mopped their eyes and looked round mournfully.
“What can we get?” Phyl said.
“There are some of the sandwiches left,” said Dolly, but there was no
enthusiasm in her tone.
“There’s a little box of groceries at the top of this packing-case,”
Mrs. Conway said; “I put it there ready for an emergency, so we shall have
tea and sugar and butter, but I certainly don’t know what we shall do for
milk and bread.”
Weenie began to cry again dismally—hunger always reduced her to tears
more speedily than anything else.
“I wants some ben an’ milk,” she said, lapsing into the phrase of her
babyhood.
Clif stirred uneasily.
“I could get a loaf and some milk out of our kitchen in a minute,” he
whispered to Ted, “but p’raps they wouldn’t take it if they thought we’d
been peeping.”
“Let’s drop them through the window, and run away,” Ted suggested.
“You stop there,” Clif said, squeezing himself stealthily out of the hiding-
place. He crept along close to the house lest one of the little girls should
glance out the window and see him, and he climbed the fence and reached
his own kitchen in safety. He took the jug of milk that had been set aside for
tea and one of the two loaves of bread, and went back, carefully slipping the
jug through a broken paling and dropping the loaf over in advance of
himself.
Teddie reported that the lady was nearly crying again and the littlest girl had
hardly stopped a minute. They had gone into the kitchen to see about a fire,
and found it worse than any place in the house. And next, they had hunted
all over the house for the water-tap, and at last the biggest little girl had
gone outside and had noticed the tank. But, when they tried it, it was quite
empty.
“They almost saw me, too,” wound up Ted, “I couldn’t help breathing once,
and the middlest girl said, ‘Oh, come away quickly, I’m sure there’s a frog
there.’”
“Are they in this room yet?” asked Clif.
The little boy nodded.
“The lady’s trying to open one of the boxes, and she can’t,” he said.
Clif slipped along the ground to the front; the door was shut, but one of the
windows was open, so very very softly he climbed through, set the jug and
loaf on the floor, and retreated with heart beating rapidly.
The spice of excitement and daring was making the blood dance in his
veins. He pictured them going into that room with pleasure and surprise: it
would seem to them as if fairies had been there. He crept round the house,
looking for fresh worlds to conquer for them.
“How are they getting on?” he whispered to Teddie, who was still peeping
through the creeper round the window with absorbed eyes.
“She’s found the kettle,” reported Teddie, “it was in the little box, but she
can’t get the big one open; she’s trying to light a fire now in the fire-place
with the bits of wood the woman left and a newspaper; she says the
kitchen’s too dirty to go into.”
Clif peeped in, and a few moments’ watching sufficed to show him that the
fire would never burn—he was an authority on fire-making. The lady was
on her knees by the open fire-place; in the middle of it she had put two or
three small blocks of wood, and on the top of this a newspaper crumpled
up. Again and again she put a match to it, again and again the paper caught,
flared up, died down. Then she and two of the little girls puffed at it with
their lips till the tears ran down their cheeks with the smoke and heat; the
wood would crackle a moment, show red for a minute or two, then die out
to sulky blackness.
“And even if it does burn,” said Phyl, “what is the use of it without water?”
The lady rose from her knees at last.
“I must go and ask help from some one,” she said; “there are two or three
cottages not very far down the road, perhaps there may be some one there
who would help a little.” She added a little bitterly: “In England a new-
comer would not have to go out in search for help, some neighbour would
have been to offer it. You may come with me, Phyl, we may have to carry
the water back.”
On their way up the hall they saw the bread and milk, and their exceeding
surprise and pleasure satisfied even Clif.
“We shall get some tea after all,” they said, and hurried off with lighter
hearts.
Dolly and Weenie, left behind, grew nervous in the strangely silent place,
and Clif perceived the fact. “Gr-r-r-r-r!” he said at the window, and made a
few more sounds calculated to terrify, an act that caused Teddie the greatest
amazement, it seemed such wanton cruelty.
Dolly seized Weenie’s hand.
“L-l-let’s go and wait at the gate,” she said, and they fled away together.
It was then that Clif established himself in the place as a good fairy; he
thought it a great pity that people should be foolish enough to object to little
boys looking on, for he could have helped much better if he had been
admitted openly to the house. He sent Teddie off to their own pump with
the kettle and bade him bring back the axe. He had a fire burning in a very
few minutes, and the kettle sitting in a most comfortable and ordinary way
upon it; with the axe and a hammer he broke the lids of two of the packing-
cases, and was just starting on a third, when he heard the footsteps coming
back along the path.
He had only just time to scramble out of the window again with Teddie’s
help, before the new people were actually in the house.
More weary and dispirited than ever sounded the voices; they had been able
to make no one hear, it seemed, though they tried at four cottages; every
place was quite shut up.
“There’s a house at the back of this,” said Phyl, who had been looking
round; “I wonder would it be any use trying there,—why,—how,—look at
the fire!”
They had reached the doorway by this time, and all sprang across the room
to the wonderful sight.
“There’s even water in the kettle,” Phyl said, the first to break the silence of
surprise.
Mrs. Conway looked round a little nervously.
“This is all very strange,” she said; “there must be some one in the house; I
—I can’t understand it all.”
Dolly grew a little pale.
“P’waps it’s a haunted house,” she whispered, “p’waps there are spiwits in
it.”
“Nonsense,” said her mother; “at all events it’s a very practical and kindly
spirit.” She went out and looked in every room; Dolly was able to testify no
one had been in or out of the gate, for she and Weenie had stood there all
the time.
“But there was a vewy dweadful noise once,” she said, with a glance of fear
over her shoulder.
Mrs. Conway raised her voice so that it would go through all the little
cottage.
“Is any one there?” she said. “Is any one in the house? if so, will they please
speak?”
“P’raps she won’t mind us,” whispered Teddie; “go on, say yes, they’re
getting frightened.”
Some brown wavy hair and a thin boy’s face, very red and ashamed of
itself, showed at the open window.
“It’s only me,” he said, with extreme depreciation in his tone, “and my
brother Teddie.”
Mrs. Conway held out a welcoming hand.
“Come in,” she said, “you have been very kind, little boys. Can you get
down there all right? This is Teddie, is it? And what is your name? Clif?
Clif Wise? What made you take such a funny way of doing good to us?”
“‘Come in,’ she said, ‘you have been very kind little boys’”
Three Little Maids] [Page 154