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Thời English Common law was born in the 13th The birth of the Equity law began in the
điểm century and it was not until the 15th century fifteenth century when the King established
that it was perfected when fully converging a court of justice judged by judges from
the basic elements: having a centralized priests. And in the sixteenth century, Equity
court system; has a team of experienced Law was officially added English legal
judges and lawyers; judgments published system.
and published
Sự ra đời của Luật Công bằng bắt đầu vào thế
Thông luật Anh ra đời vào thế kỉ XIII và phải kỉ XV khi Nhà vua thành lập ra tòa án công
đến thế kỉ XV thì mới hoàn thiện khi hội tụ bằng được xét bằng các thẩm phán xuất thân
đầy đủ các yếu tố cơ bản: có hệ thống tòa án từ linh mục. Và đến thế kỉ XVI Luật công bằng
tập trung; có đội ngũ Thẩm phán, luật sư giàu chính thức được bổ sung vào hệ thống pháp
kinh nghiệm; các phán quyết được công bố và luật Anh.
xuất bản
Nguyên Before 1066, England was decentralized, the The reason leading to the birth of the Fair
nhân laws were different from place to place and Law stems from the limitations of the
were governed by local customs. By the time Common Law.
William ascended the throne, he had
Firstly, in the civil field: when the principle
exercised the powers of the supreme judge,
of "stare decisions" - the principle that
dealing only with matters of concern to the
precedent must be followed was born, it
Royal Family at Westminster and very
became the premise for the existence and
special disputes; while local issues continue
development of the Common Law.
to be resolved by district courts and district
However, this same principle also creates
courts. However, in carrying out his reforms,
rigidity in making judgments of judges
William I encountered financial difficulties,
because there is no precedent to adjust new
in order to remedy the situation the central
relationships, so judges often apply old
Royal Government interfered in the civil and
precedents to solve cases. . Another
criminal relations involved in the tax
limitation is that the common law sanctions
obligation to create a new source of revenue
in this area are mainly fines, so they are not
for the Royal Family.
strong enough to prevent parties from
In this way, the Royal Judiciary evolved breaking contract transactions. That leads to
between the twelfth and thirteenth great discontent among the bourgeoisie in
centuries from a special authority to deal particular and the community in general.
with national financial matters to a general
Second, sanctions in the criminal field are
jurisdiction, dealing with a wide range of
increasingly strict, painful punishments are
matters. case, from which emerged the
still applied due to the influence of previous
itinerant process of the Royal Court. In
legal practices.
addition to the process of the amphitheater,
which is a process of discussion in London by Third, proceedings are increasingly
the Royal Judges around the case-by-case complicated by the existence of the
notes in each locality, from this discussion, subpoena system. The practice of applying
the Judges draw conclusions. Which local the subpoena system in the adjudication of
laws and customs are best when applied in the Royal Courts has severely limited the
practice? As a result of these conclusions, jurisdiction of these courts because, without
the general rules were gradually applied by the appropriate subpoena, the court cannot
judges across the country based on the habit proceed with the trial. Due to the rigidity of
of reference (because the legal precedent the Common Law and the complexity of the
was not yet established, it was not proceedings used in the Royal Court, the
mandatory to apply), and thereby forming plaintiffs had many cases rejected or lost
the common law in the English legal system. due to technical reasons.
Mục Before the advent of common law, Common law was born and developed more
đích customary law was the absolute dominant and more strongly throughout the territory
source of law, each locality had different of England, but along with that
customs, so the handling of similar cases was development, Common Law also revealed
different in each place. Jurisdiction was in its shortcomings and rigidity. Therefore, the
the hands of the feudal lords, while the Law of Justice was born to overcome the
Royal Court heard only a few special cases shortcomings of the Common Law and bring
related to the survival of the kingdom, fairness to the people.
related to the Royal Family, and taxes.
Thông luật ra đời và phát triển ngày càng
Therefore, Common Law was born for the
mạnh trên toàn lãnh thổ nước Anh, tuy nhiên
purpose of unifying legal practices,
cùng với sự phát triển đó, Thông luật cũng
inheritance, and selection of legal practices
bộc lộ những khuyết điểm và sự cứng nhắc
to create common rules of conduct
của mình. Vì thế Luật Công bằng ra đời nhằm
throughout the territory. Thereby also
khắc phục những khiếm khuyết của Thông
strengthening the king's authority, and
luật, đem đến sự công bằng cho người dân.
reducing the power of feudal lords.
4)DEFINITION
Nhiều người đã biết hệ thống thông luật Many people already know the British law
Anh bao gồm hai loại luật chính: luật system includes two main types of laws:
thành văn (statutory laws) và thông luật Statutory Laws and the Common Law Rules,
(common law rules) vốn là các án tiền lệ which are precedent sentences (Practicing
(các quy tắc xử án từ thực tiễn được hệ rules from practicalization are systematized.
thống hóa để áp dụng cho các vụ việc To apply to similar cases in the future) that the
tương tự trong tương lai) mà các thế hệ British Court generations have built and
tòa án Anh quốc xây dựng và truyền từ transmitted from generation to generation.
đời này sang đời khác.
Hệ thống luật công bình theo đó ra đời The public law system, accordingly, is born and
và tồn tại song song với thông luật và exists in parallel with the law and the law,
luật thành văn, tạo một không gian nhất creating a certain space for the British Court
định cho hệ thống tòa án Anh xử lý vụ system to handle the case not only based on
việc không chỉ dựa trên luật lệ, mà còn the law, but also based on the The principle of
dựa trên các nguyên tắc mang tính đạo morality, focusing on human conscience.
đức, chú trọng vào lương tâm con người.