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The Impacts of Procrastination to Students Productivity Among

Adolescent Grade 12 Students

A Research Proposal presented to the Faculty of Senior High School

Department of the Philippine Christian University In Partial fulfillment of
the requirements in the Subject Research Project

Israel, Maria Teresa

Dobles, Shane Daniel D.

Custodio, Alyana Alexandria N.

Acenita, Nicole Joy J.

Flores, Justin Lei A.

Anagaran, Drew Danviel C.

Chunaco, Princess Sandara S.

Submitted to:

Sir. Jhan Zebedee M. De Leon

Research Adviser
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers would like to give their sincerest thanks and to the

following for their support and trust.

First, the researchers would like to thank Ma’am Hannah Lopez, the

Supervising Principal for basic education for allowing the researchers to

conduct their study within the school premises

To their Research Adviser Mr. Jhan Zebedee M. De Leon for being

the most patient and understanding teacher and also for his

accommodations towards his students.

To the respective Class Advisers for allowing their students to

participate in the Survey conducted by the researchers.

To the respondents, for participating in the study, for their support

and trust towards this research paper.

To the parents that showed their undying support to the researchers

in order to give them strength and courage

Lastly, to our Co-researchers who helped us complete our study

with their cooperation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE -------------------------------------------------------------- 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ----------------------------------------------- 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS --------------------------------------------- 3, 4

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study --------------------------------------------- 5, 6

Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------ 7

Hypothesis ----------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Significance of the Study -------------------------------------------- 8, 9

Scope and Delimitation -------------------------------------------- 9, 10

Definition of Terms ------------------------------------------------- 10, 11

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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND

STUDIES

Local Literature ---------------------------------------------------------- 12

Foreign Literature ---------------------------------------------------12, 13

Local Studies --------------------------------------------------------- 14,15

Foreign Studies ------------------------------------------------------ 15,16

Synthesis ----------------------------------------------------------------- 16

Theoretical Framework ------------------------------------------------- 17

Conceptual Framework------------------------------------------------- 18

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Research Design --------------------------------------------------------- 19

Research Locale ----------------------------------------------------- 19, 20

Data Gathering Procedure ---------------------------------------------- 20

Sources of Data ----------------------------------------------------- 20, 21

Statistical Analysis --------------------------------------------- 21, 22, 23

References --------------------------------------------------------------- 24
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Background of the Study

Procrastination. Many have encountered this problem in their

lifetime, Especially the students of today's generation. It can manifest from

different factors and challenges in life. Procrastination can start small but

later on it will develop into a serious problem for everyone especially,

students. Both Procrastination and Academic performance do not mix well

since it can hinder one’s productive skills, resulting in consequences that

will affect a students academic career. “Procrastination, voluntarily

delaying tasks despite expecting to be worse off (Steel, 2007), is common

among students. Conservative estimates indicate that at least half of all

students habitually procrastinate tasks that are important to them, such as

reading for exams, writing term papers, and keeping up with weekly

assignments (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984; Tice and Baumeister, 1997;

Pychyl et al., 2000; Schouwenburg, 2004; Steel, 2007)”.

Procrastination can also be linked to stress thus, can affect their

academic performance. Studies have found that due to academic pressures

most of the students had low grades. (UNESCO, 2012) Students usually

have self-reporting reports of continuing stress linked to their education,

which we refer to as academic stress, such as the pressure to achieve high

marks and the anxiety to receive poor grades. The goal is to ensure the
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physical and mental health of the students. The effect of this continued

academic stress on performance and well-being of the students has not been

fully explored. The current narrative analysis thus examines the effect of

academic stress on the academic performance, mental wellbeing of

students. The behavior, health and risk All significant determinants of their

current and future wellbeing and well-being status are among young

people, including drug use and misuse (Tountas & Dimitrakaki, 2006;

World Health Organization, 2004).

Since the link between Procrastination and How it Hinders the

Productivity of Adolescent Students is still vague, the group conducted this

research to gather information and inform people who Procrastinate,

especially Grade 12 Senior high school students. In this research, people

will be informed of the factors that are affected during procrastination and

how it hinders the productivity of adolescent students and how it can create

a path that can harm their well-being, decision-making skills and Academic

careers. This research can be a way for people to acknowledge the

seriousness of procrastination. Additionally, this research will advise

younger audiences to handle procrastination's different challenges. As a

whole, this research was conducted to remind people, especially the grade

12 senior high school students of Philippine Christian University, to be

responsible students and have some growth and nourishment about our

future pathways.
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1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to evaluate students' responses about

Procrastination and how it hinders the productivity of adolescent students

based on the questions relevant to the research study:

1.) What is the demographic profile of the respondents in the terms

of :

1.1 Gender

2.) How do the following factors affect the productivity of

adolescent students?

2.1 Social Pressure

2.2 In-school activities (examinations, extra-curricular)

2.3 Orderliness

2.4 Expectations.

3.) Which factor of the factors affecting the productivity of

adolescent students got the highest/lowest weighted mean?

4.) Is there a significant relationship between the respondent’s

gender and the factors affecting their productivity?

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1.3 Hypothesis

HO: There is no significance between Procrastination and

Productivity of Adolescent Students

HA: There is a significance between Procrastination and

Productivity of Adolescent Students

1.4 Significance of the Study

The benefits of this research aim to assist the following

beneficiaries in preventing and overcoming situations related to

procrastination toward academic performance.

Students: Students will learn how procrastination impacts their

daily lives through this research. This study aims to help the students break

their procrastination patterns to develop better time management skills that

will be useful in the long term.

Parents: This study will assist parents in guiding their children to

overcome procrastination and improve their habits by educating them on

the many impacts of the behavior.

Teachers: By educating them and giving them access to many

helpful tactics, this study will assist teachers in guiding the pupils. With the

help of the teachers, the students will be able to break their procrastination
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habits and establish healthy routines that will benefit them.

Administrators: This study will let school officials know that

procrastination is a habit that pupils develop and negatively affects their

well-being. In this study, administrators may assist students by training

their faculty to lead them toward better and more learned time management

skills.

Future Researchers: Future researchers will benefit from this

study since it makes a great reference. The purpose of this study is to

increase readers' knowledge and awareness. The researchers may learn

from this study to have a foundation for conquering procrastination.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

This study aims to give awareness towards Procrastination and how

it hinders the productivity of adolescent students. This enables the students

to be more responsible for creating clear and brighter futures for

themselves. Overcoming procrastination and being aware of how it can

hinder one's productivity can create significant benefits for well-educated

students in this topic.

This study is only limited to the Grade 12 Senior High School

Students as they are graduating students. Thus they have more

requirements to finish and more of a workload. The Grade 11 Students will

not participate in the survey as they are freshmen who are newly introduced

to the system and its functionality. The researchers will conduct a survey to
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assess and conceptually analyze the resulting data. The chosen respondents

are Grade 12 Senior High School Students from Philippine Christian

University, precisely five students from each section from Grade 12. There

are 33 Sections of Grade 12 Senior High. Thus, the target respondents are

165 Students from the Philippine Christian University. The information

collected from the personal data of the respondents will be kept private, and

only the researchers will have access to the said information gathered from

the survey.

1.6 Definition of Terminologies

Academic Career- Refers to students' path academically in school or

education.

Academic Procrastination -Similar to Procrastination, except in this

situation the tasks, decisions, or actions that are being put off are related to

one's academic studies.

Hinder - is the barricade that slows you down from doing things.

Procrastination - is the act of putting off tasks, decisions, or actions

unnecessarily.

Stress- An emotional feeling that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or

nervous
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Time Management - The skill which a person develops in managing their

time to gain the ability to finish their tasks within the designated deadline.

Vague - is being broad or unclear with things.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This section contains the related literature and studies that are

significant for consideration. Their statements, findings, and conclusions

demonstrate their impact and relevance to this study.

2.1 Related Literature

Local Source

A recent study states that procrastination can be considered

behavioral, affective, and cognitive, which could be caused by an

individual’s fear of failure and averseness (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984). It

was found that some individuals may procrastinate for various reasons.

Individuals have been observed to struggle with a lack of motivation and

time management in order to complete a task or concentrate on a work.

These problems can hinder a person from achieving their academic goals.

(Mandap, C.M., 2016) “Examining the Differences in Procrastination

Tendencies among University Students”)

Procrastination is done by people who have problems with

motivation, avoiding their tasks or projects, and cramming at the last

minute. Procrastinators prefer to do enjoyable things that suit their moods,

such as surfing the web, playing video games, or doing something they

believe is important or necessary. (“Do It Now, Not Later: How to

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Overcome Procrastination”, 2016)

Procrastination is a reason for putting things off. It's the reason why

ideas don't come as easily as they used to. When we procrastinate, we tend

to think about other things rather than focusing on a task that needs to be

completed. Although some associate it with laziness, it is a choice. The

more you procrastinate, the more difficult it is to maintain self-control. As

the deadline approaches, the quality of the work suffers and stress

consumes you. (Gocotano, P.J., (2018). “Procrastination at its Peak”)

Foreign Source

An increasing number of studies are focusing on the reasons or

causes of procrastination. Lack of guidance, laziness, lack of motivation,

irrational time management, social problems, family issues, and influence

from peers may also contribute to or be reasons for procrastinating

behaviors. (He, S., (2017). “A Multivariate Investigation into Academic

Procrastination of University Students”)

Students usually expect that projects or specific activities will take

less time to accomplish than they actually will, which can lead to a false

sense of security when they believe they still have plenty of time to

complete these duties. One of the most significant elements contributing to

procrastination is the belief that we must be inspired or motivated to work

on a task at a specific time. (Wilson C.R (2021). “The Psychology of

Procrastination”)
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Related Studies

Local Setting

The students are the main character in the plot of an educational

institution; without them, the school, teachers, and facilities would be

worthless. Educators, trainers, and researchers have been exploring factors

that contribute to effectively addressing the performance of learners. Many

factors, both inside and outside the school's grounds, can have an impact on

a student's academic achievement. An example of this factor is a

phenomenon we call procrastination. (Junio, J.J., and Liwag, J.A.,

(2016).”Factors Affecting Students’ Performance in Physical Education

Class in Lyceum of Philippines University-Laguna”)

Procrastination is the tendency of someone who does not feel like

doing his or her work until the deadline. It is very alarming; it can be their

habit throughout their college life or college days or even in their work

mannerisms, which is going to be very difficult. Procrastination has

negative effects on every student, especially when they practice it. Other

students are looking for something more interesting to do than what they

believe will be more productive or similar to the task assigned to them by

their teacher. With this kind of situation, the procrastinator will tend to rush

things, which makes his or her work more inefficient and ineffective and

thus leads to receiving low grades. Procrastination makes someone a

procrastinator, especially for difficult and easy tasks, but he or she does not

procrastinate in either situation. (Valerio, S., (2017). “Procrastinating: A

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Habit…, A Culture of Filipinos”)

There are many things or consequences in our daily lives, especially

for students. Despite having an excessive number of projects, papers, or

activities. Students often show struggles towards self-regulatory failure that

are not entirely understood. Students also misunderstood some things they

needed to do and ended up laying their hands down when it came to doing

a task or project. Some students prioritize what they think is easier or

something they just want. This is initially lazy and cramming in every way

possible. (Revilla, J., (2017). “Effects of Procrastination on Cramming on

the Senior High Students of STI College of Santa Rosa”)

Foreign Setting

Procrastination has a bad reputation. Everyone is familiar with this

kind of phenomenon since they have already encountered it. This often

leads to disappointment, shame, and anxiety. It is negative for everyone,

but sometimes it can favor you. There are people called "active

procrastinators," and these kinds of procrastinators work better under

pressure. They are almost comfortable with fear and feel challenged by

approaching deadlines as they deliberately delay their tasks. However, this

method doesn’t apply to what we call passive procrastinators. These kinds

of procrastinators are the exact opposite; they easily get anxious, which

results in overthinking and not getting a job done. (Oppong, T., (2017).

“According To Research, Procrastinating Can Boost Your Creativity”)

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Procrastination often leads to distraction, poor time management,

laziness, pressure to succeed, or too many obligations. This influences

many students to not prioritize their work or some important matter that

needs to be done, thus affecting their education. They ignore certain tasks

that are important or urgent. A factor that may also interrupt their studies

are the social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube, which

are often used to pass time. (Kumar, T. (2017). “The Issue of

Procrastination among High School Students”)

2.2 Synthesis

The review of related literature indicates the value of time

management in overcoming procrastination in the academic performance of

senior high school students. The researchers gained information from

senior high school students of all strands within Philippine Christian

University, Manila, in order to fathom the concept of the research study.

The researchers acquired understanding and comprehension from both

foreign and local literature about time management.

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2.3 Theoretical Framework

Modernization Study Habits

Procrastination

Stress Anxiety

Poor Quality Outputs Low Grades

According to the accumulated information, it is seen that the main

reasons for academic procrastination are based on fear of failure, laziness, a

reduced sense of responsibility, and failure in time management.

Perfectionism, anxiety, and avoidance have a huge impact on developing

this behavior. Moreover, individuals’ unrealistic expectations regarding

themselves and their performances and their distorted beliefs substantially

increase academic procrastination behavior. On the other hand, to be able

to distinguish whether an action of postponement is a procrastination

behavior, the frequency of procrastination must be analyzed, and it should

be checked if there is anxiety accompanied.

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2.4 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1.)Demographic Profile
of the Respondents

2.) How do the 1. Test

following factors affect constru
the productivity of ction
2. The Impacts of
adolescent students?
Survey
questionnaire Procrastination to
3.) Which factor of the
3.
factors affecting the Tallying Students
productivity of 4.
adolescent students got Tallying Productivity Among
the highest/lowest interpr
weighted mean? etation/ Adolescent Grade
statistical
4.) Is there a significant scientific 12 Students
relationship between the treatment
respondent’s gender and 5.
Analysis
the factors affecting
their productivity?

The figure above shows the conceptual framework of the study. The

researchers used the method of (IPO) Input – Process – Output, which

enables the researchers to trace the factors that students’ consider in the

acceleration of procrastination.
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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

The researchers used quantitative research to describe precisely

what leads to procrastination and how it can hinder the productivity of

adolescent students. The researchers conducted a survey that helped

identify the variables that would influence procrastination. Quantitative

methods of research are methods of research that deal with numbers and

anything measurable in any systematic way of investigating phenomena

and their relations. It is used to answer questions regarding interactions

within observable variables with the purpose of describing, forecasting and

regulating a process (Leedy, 1993).

Typically a whole scientific analysis concludes with affirmation or

disconfirmation of the research hypothesis. The researchers using the

quantitative approach identify one or a few variables which they plan to use

in their research work and continue with the collection of data relevant to

those variables.

3.2 Research Locale

The researchers will select five respondents per section of the Grade

12 Senior High School, regardless of their chosen Strand, to answer a

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survey questionnaire provided by the researchers . Totalling to 165

Respondents. the research study will be conducted at Philippine Christian

University since the respondents and researchers are associated and

attending said school

3.3 Data Gathering Procedure

Survey Questionnaire. The researchers used a Survey questionnaire

which is a technique for gathering statistical information about the

attributes, attitudes, or actions of a population by a structured set of

questions (V. Preston, 2009)

The researchers will conduct a survey questionnaire to the chosen

respondents consisting of Grade 12 Senior High School Students. The

information gathered from these respective individuals will be used in

identifying the different factors to how procrastination hinders the

productivity of adolescent students.

3.4 Sources of Data

The primary source of data was based on the results of a survey

questionnaire given to the respondents. Observation was also conducted

along with the answering of the questionnaire in order to assure integrity of

data.

The secondary source of data for this study was from

reviewing related literature from different articles related to this study from
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the web, wherein the researchers gathered significant information.

3.5 Statistical Analysis

For question number 1, the researchers used the percentage

distribution formula to be able to express the individual class frequencies

as a percentage of the total frequencies equal to 100

The researchers used statistical tables that were properly labeled.

The formula was used in this study for the demographic profile; specially

the gender, as it was illustrated using the pie chart which are very identical

to emphasize the percentage used. Percentages were likewise used to

determine the relationships of the individual data with respect to the whole.

The formula of percentage is:

F
P(%) = Nx 100

Wherein: P = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = Total number of the respondents

In question number 2 and 3, the researchers used the weighted mean

to know what affects the most/least towards the factors affecting

procrastination and how it hinders adolescent students..

The formula used to get the weighted mean is:

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❑
∑ X1W 1
X w= ❑
❑

Wherein:

X1 = Observe Values

W = Allocated Weighted Value

N = Total number of Respondents

❑
∑
❑
❑ = Summation

The resulting mean scores of the respondents are being identified

and measured using the following score ranges shown below:

Range Verbal Interpretation

3. 50 – 4.49 Strongly Agree
2.50 – 3.49 Agree
1.50 – 2.49 Disagree
0.50 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree

Likert scale format was used for the type and the structure of the

survey. Four options are given for every question such as Strongly Agree /

Agree / Disagree / Strongly Disagree. The choices represent the level of

agreement each respondent has given for each question.

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Lastly. in question number. 4, the researchers used One-Way

ANOVA to compute the significant relationship between the significant

relationship between the respondent’s gender and the factors affecting their

productivity.

The formula used to get the significant relationship is:

p nj
SStotal=∑ ∑ ( x ij − x )
2

j=1 i=1

p
SSbetween =∑ n j ( x j − x )2
j=1

SS p nj
with ∈= ∑ ∑ ( x ij − x j )
2

j=1 i=1

To determine the range and interpret the answers for problem 4, the

following rate was used:

Range Verbal Interpretation

F computed < F tabular There is an significant
relationship
(Reject Hypothesis)

F computed > F tabular There is a significant

relationship
(Accept Hypothesis)

References:
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https://www.ijern.com/journal/2016/April-2016/35.pdf “Examining the

Differences in Procrastination Tendencies among University Students”
https://blog.careerlauncher.com/tips-overcome-procrastination/ Do It Now,
Not Later: How to Overcome Procrastination
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/426143/y-speak-procrastination-at-its-
peak “Procrastination at its Peak”
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=79579 “A
Multivariate Investigation into Academic Procrastination of University
Students”
https://positivepsychology.com/psychology-procrastination/ ”The
Psychology of Procrastination”
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
320015516_FACTORS_AFFECTING_STUDENTS'_PERFORMANCE_I
N_PHYSICAL_EDUCATION_CLASS_IN_LYCEUM_OF_THE_PHILIP
PINES_UNIVERSITY-LAGUNA
”Factors Affecting Students’ Performance in Physical Education Class in
Lyceum of Philippines University-Laguna”.
https://anticrastinationph.wordpress.com/2017/11/10/procrastinating-a-
habit-a-culture-of-filipinos/ “Procrastinating: A Habit…, A Culture of
Filipinos”
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p6f3h88e/Revilla-J-nd-Effects-of-
Procrastination-or-Cramming-on-the-Senior-High-Students/ “Effects of
Procrastination on Cramming on the Senior High Students of STI College
of Santa Rosa”
https://professional.dce.harvard.edu/blog/the-perks-of-procrastination/
#:~:text=The%20procrastinators'%20ideas%20were%20rated,they
%20considered%20more%20novel%20ideas. “According To Research,
Procrastinating Can Boost Your Creativity”
https://thespokesman.net/1497/features/the-issue-of-procrastination-
among-high-school-students/#:~:text=Recent%20studies%20show%20that
%20over,both%20mental%20and%20physical%20health. “The Issue of
Procraastination among High School Students”