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    6 views18 pages

    Iec Nec

    Uploaded by

    Sergio Costa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 18
    IEC NEC Sih Coane ONS 3 (07-110) ean LIN lal Hh AL Th iin ee MPARAT! \World standards for the classification of hazardous areas are moving toward harmonization. The 1999 U.S. National Electric Code (NEC®) and the 1998 Canadian Electric Code (CEC®) now recognize the use of the Zone system for classification of hazardous areas. Whereas it would appear these moves would bring a degree of “harmonization” of world standards, in fect ths is just a first step toward that goal Much has been written and published about Article 505 in the 1999 NEC®. Now as a stand-alone article it basically has created an Amesicanized version of the IEC/CENELEC Zone system. It uses the familiar Class/ Division system and fits the IEC European Zones into it while maintaining NEC® wiring methods and protection techniques. A distinction must be made between the U.S. Zone system and the 1EC/CENELEC Zone system. ‘They are not the same, Similar—yes, the same—no. The Class/Division system for hazardous areas is so ingrained in the US. electrcal culture that learning and using the Zone system will take some time. But it will happen. There are some advantages to products Specifically designed for use in zone designated areas. Since most of the world (except the U.S.) uses the IEC (or a local variation of it) understanding it would seem to be very important. To understand where we are now with “zones” really requires basic understanding of how we got here. The following pages are presented as a short overview of European IEC principles, protection methods, Products, terminology, comparisons to NEC" and CEC standards, differences in world installation practices, and a glossary of terms. We hope it will give the reader a clearer view of the IEC approach to safety in hazardous location “protection” and how it compares to the NEC. eT ADS It Is generally accepted that electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres ere covered by 4 major world standards. eco cee cenetec ‘A numberof admissible standards Compulsory Compulsory Compusory (UEC, CENELEC, NEC, others) Copyright ©2000 EGS/Appleton Electric” k= @Appleton WHAT IS A ZONE? THE IEC HAS DEFINED 3 AREAS OF HAZARDOUS GAS OR VAPOR RELEASE AS FOLLOWS: BOT GOS Goa resi sy ts Nate Lay NShV fo UE ne Atmosphere “Tone in wich an explosive Zone in which an explosive Zone in which an explosive riiture of ge, vapor or mist, Iintue of gas, vapar or mist, rmicture Is rot hey to is continuously present 5 thely to occur during Sct In normal operation, normal operation. ant IF it occurs wil only ext for a short time (leaks or maintenance). COMPARING IEC ZONES AND NEC® DIVISIONS DIVISION 2 DETERMINING A “ZONE” REQUIRES ANSWERING 4 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What is emission level of gas/vapor? (@) continuous, (b)tirst level emission, (released during normal operation) (©) second level emission (released during abnormal operation), ‘of openings currently exist? sly open, (b) normally closed, , (@) emergency open only PW TE Se Aes EXAMPLES OF CLASS I, CLASSIFICATION SITUATIONS DIVISION 1 AND 2 SITUATIONS NOW. Nate) HAZARDOUS ea CONDITIONS: QAI manual ventilation * Open air mixing tank + Na mechanical ventilation + Products stored in work area anaes CONDITIONS: Dod over tank © Non hazardous area © Weechanical ventilation Stood products soparated from work area a aay CONDITIONS: T) Tank closed Dechanicl vention @tone 0 Done 2 Non hazardous + Operations contro outside zones Non CLASSIFIED aaa CONDITIONS: ‘Delass |, Division 1 hazard exists during normal operation conditions * Open air mixing tank 2 + Products stood in work area » Area classified based on properties of vapors present 3) Electrical equipment must use approved Div. 1 protection techniques and wiring methods ae aed CONDITIONS: Division 2 area can exist where vepors are normally in closed system or containers @dWision 1 ana 2 ates seperated by bari or space (arsiton zone) + Hazardous reas propery docu + Di. 2 must use apreved NECE wiring methods and products stored products ous Div. 1 work area Dion hazardous ava a ae ay oo” fa CONDITIONS: ( chsed tank and piping confines Div i ® elon area qualifies as Dw. 2 @ Stored products not present @ Purget/pressrized control room qualifies as “non hazardous" is sealed of fom Di. 2 area Electrical equipment in Div. 2 must use approved Di. 2 protection techniques and products Ct ee pore © AP Picton DSO SG OSS ERO Throated > coral ose up ig seal compet Sonat nipples o WHERE USED: COMMENTS: esd United States, Canada, + Excellent protection pica 4 oe erie of South Anenice against mechanical and e ee chemical attack, and fire eras + Seals as required by NEC* + Easy to add new conductors Enclosure r outer, Grip rut Girt em: “Wiatherpeoot ‘emer fok emai 1 cone an Y earth clamp WHERE USED: COMMENTS: United Kingdom, * Good mechanical protection, Boy Enclose Commonwealth positive grounding Inner countries; Spat + Requires special care to install eae cable gland and insure ground NON ARMORED CABLE ‘alt tanaes Head eater ac at WHERE USED: COMMENTS: Enclosure France, Germany, Italy, + Economical, flexible Eastern European countries, and fast part of Africa, Middle East, + Subject to mechanical Far East abuse. aCe SS a= COMMENTS: Economical. Use in Zone 2 and some ZONE 1. Uses waterproof polyamide cable gland Ele) Too NTE sy STEEL TAPE ARMOR COMMENTS: (Without lead sheath) Has exterior neoprene jacket. Steel tape pal surrounds intr Jacket with conductors for maximum srdtetion, Popular in oft ineusry’ Commonly bured. STEEL TAPE COMMENTS: (with lead sheath) Has exterior neoprene jacket. Steel im tape surounds lead sheath For maximum protection. Pepular in oil industry. Commonly buried. STEEL WIRE COMMENTS: Braided Conductors are wrapped in an exterior on neoprene jecket. Conductors surrounded by a metalic sheath or steel brald. Very flexible, for irstrumentation and/or Shielding applications. STEEL WIRE COMMENTS: ‘Armored Has exterior neoprene jacket. Conical om shaped steel wes protect inner Jaotet and conductors. High strength and durable. POPULAR CABLE TYPES? FOR CLASSIFIED AREAS NEC Class 1] — NEC Class 1, TE Cable Type | Div.t and Zore1t | piv. 2 and Zone 2 | Zone 1\and Zone 2 | Desziption HB No To Yes ‘Stel wire aided mmc No vs-O@ Instrumentation Tray Cable mew — | s-O@D@ Instunentaton Tray Cble-Hazardous rea ww Wo ‘eel tape over kod sheath ue No No Intertocked armor-metal clad mest — | Yes DVS) No Inertockedarmor-Hazardus location rf Yes 7 Miner Insulated Cable ww No Medium vitage ure No ove Limited Tay Cable sh No ves Slee tape ve inner jacket san No Yes ‘Steel (eve) wie-amared © No ves? Tray cble-unsmoced TE ~—@ ? Intertockedarmor-metal clad Nonarmared Cables No ves" ‘Single seath with cable land a IP 54 Restricted use est be Tite for area Q)—see NEC® 501-4 for equied cortors Q)—teuies approved termination itings @ —anproved for use in Canada per 1998 FC orth Area and Eopean alee! syst ae Bad on diferent valaes, equals ‘and conductor ses, making ect cable Comparkns ficult if not impossibe. Even though sare elng rae, at peer tae are no II abl Str tht ae accapled Irie Acceptable cables can vary country by cour and project by project. The above chart mast be use! conjunction with Atle $00 othe 199 NE. any cables have resritons wich mt be consieres when using the, In sing aes in EC Zone 1 an 2 areas partir atontion must be ten to sre use the proper cable lan ar toranation tha ee pore © AP Picton CHARTS COMPARING IEC vs NEC®/CEC CHART 1 AREA CLASSIFICATION—IEC vs NEC®/CEC (CLASS/DIVISION/GROUP) Gases and) vapors Acetylene Propylene oxide Ethyl oxide Butadiene Cyclopropane Ethyl ether Ethylene Acetone Benzene Butane Propane Hexane Paint solvents Natural gas HART 2 Nece TEMPERATUI CLASSIFICATION COMPARISON ete C enue Class _| Division Pe Cente a om: 135° < T? < 200° 200" < T° < 300° oe: th eps gen in °C cnteon cage II ne sw se UNTER I Nee ea Tess at surdviion Temperature cass eee Goupsticaapen Tete 85°C oup sua Mak (Goup IUncarana Werk "yp o Protection nampa” pln Potaed Distinctive CENELEC mandatory marking for equipment a useable in explosive atmospheres. Sometimes broadly EtsetsCENELEC Stas eae ee used for IEC Ex equigment MAIN IEC PROTECTION TECHNIQUES SS viet itn ine | iF irises ona ea Meta aR, ak aoe wa + ZONE gh impact resent onto, CRD, swe tol/luminm x th Naintain minimum of 1P 54 Ingress protection + No ares, no sparks i a a FLAMEPROOF PLUS INCREASED SAFETY “de” caved componerte E mtr internal and external temperature ary ZONE 1 [Pin of ia ae tet ero SN a eee CR a fei ype aun por ees + SRDS tance NON-SPARKING “n” ae: ez Equipment has na nncmally arcing parts, + Thoma effects incapable of ignition + vkenan sparking + RCrestrcted breathing + n¢=hermetcally sealed non incendie PRESSURIZED APPARATUS “p” Ps I + TONE + Expels ignitable vapor/oas + Maintains positive enclosure pressure E INTRINSIC SAFETY “ia"-"ib” + la ZONEO&1 + ib ZONE 1 p+ Incapableof releasing enough energy to cause an explosion mg Appleton CHARTS COMPARING IEC vs NEC®/CEC CHART 4 CHART 5. IEC-NEC® GAS GROUPS IEC/NEC® EQUIPMENT STANDARDS NEO] Gasor Equipment | ec | ceNeléc [NEC® (U)] CEC (CSA) tee | cee vepor Fed urinates surem | c222No.4 WC} A | Acetylene Tor general use TES ERS) Hyerogen Portable + ULB44 | + C22.2No. 4 equipment suL7at |+ (222 No. 137 iB} ¢ | Ethylene + 6079.0 |+ EN 50014 WB} C | ettyletner Floodights |" 90791)" ENS0018 | aug |. c22.2No.4 and lamps + 60.079. | and/or 50019 |= UL 73 | C2220. 137 WB] 6 | cxctoprpane + 605081» 60598: NB} ¢ | Butadene 1-3 Luminaire with suLea | (22.2.4 flucrescent lamps + UL1570 | «(22.2 No. 137 WA} Dd | Propane Luminaire with suiea [+0222 4 ee incandescent lamp + UL171| + C22.21No. 9 A} D | Butane ET ercere + 000790 | + ev soo + 60079.1 |» EN 50018 ua} D | pentane Power outiets | + 60 079.7 andor snore |* Yh WO |* Cn? NO. 159 + 60309.1 | + EN 60309.1 oa o Heptane + 60 309.2 | (EN 60 309.2) uA} D | Acetone + 0079.0 |- evsoos WA} D_ | settytettyt i = uisoe | 0222 soon. |+ ENsoois 7 UL S08 | 22. = + 60079,7 [and/or snow |" 98] ue oy + 60 947.1 |» EN 60947-1) Wy ag | c22.2 No. 25 WA} D_ | ethyl alcoho + 609473 | + EN 60947.3 eee CHART 6—PROTECTION TECHNIQUES RECOGNIZED BY IEC, NEC® AND CEC Eocene GC Rn mcG LEM 8 DERSTANDING THE INGRESS PROTECTION SYSTEM The IEC IP classification system designates the degree of protection provided by an enclosure against impact and/or water or dust penetration (ingress). It has two numbers: first—protection against solid objects, second protection against water. EXAMPLE: IP 54 ‘Ast Figure: 2nd Figure: protection against sollé bodies E | protection sgainst liquids 1p TESTS. 1P TESTS 0 No protection o Tio protection itt aieeiegis er \ cor oe ame savin (oe ooo aaa) fon, fas walle | ome gaa | ee seers Protected aps CY [ttegat up ws solid bodies larger aay — Sara sy the vertical Protected agaist gL jy, | Protec agirs iy, “F Boy | Geert 2) QS | ath ton SW See sold bodies larger 2 tan 25mm SOZZ | rotates against (Coos, wires) * Bofctns rections Protection against Sal Boles er tran Tm ie wa Potctd against s | — Sa Jeo wate fom tools, small wires) Pew al dictions sewn — f Eo nt force to heavy seas Completely protected against dust Protected against 1 the effects of Immersion IP RATINGS DO NOT INDICATE ANY DEGREE OF CORROSION RESISTANCE. Conversion of NEMA Enclosure Type numbers to IEC Classification Designations (Cannot be used to convert IEC Classification Designations to NEMA Type numbers) (NEMA ENCLOSURE TYPE NUMBER TEC ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION DESIGNATION 7 0 2 aa A IPs 3R P54 35 P54 4 AND AX. P56 si P82. 6 AND OP. IPo7 12, AND 12K 182. 13, P54 ee pores © AP Plotor NSO rel REQUIREMENTS: + Contain internal explosion + Explosion cannot be transmitted outside enclosure + External temperature of enclosure below ignition temperature of surrounding gases Nena a © * Similar to NEC® “explosion proof” Cable fittings must have 5 threads engaged + Internal and external ground screw TYPICAL IEC FLAMEPROOF “d” EQUIPMENT Round junction box with cable glands +a 32 Amp 380v receptacle Control station start-stop TYPES OF PROTECTIO! REQUIREMENTS: + Must use high impact resistant materials FRP, or GRP— will not hold static charge + Cannot produce arcs or sparks + Has special air and line leacage and creepage distances + Use IEC non-loosen connection + Minimum IP 54 ingress rating + Control internal and external temperature. External should not exceed T-6 (85°C) TYPICAL IEC INCREASED SAFETY “e” EQUIPMENT asc a Increased safety fixture 18, 36 or 58 watts Round junction box with cable glands 16 amp, 24v receptacle Control station, start-stop emg @ Appleton INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR “e” EQUIPMENT SPECIAL TERMINAL BOX Number of terminals is restricied by dissipated Powter per circuit STRIPPING A CONNECTION The conductors CORRECT % INCORRECT % low resistance contact, condector Unlocked position TYPES OF PROTECTION Items such as power outlets, switches, some lighting, etc., a cannot be protected by *e” mode only. In this case *d” and “e" are combined. ae SS REQUIREMENTS: + Area where arc can be produced is “d" or flameproof in a restricted volume enclosure + Area with connection terminals is “e” or increased safety Sea eps eon aaa TYPICAL IEC INCREASED SAFETY “de” OR “ed” EQUIPMENT Typical “de lighting fucture ay ir ‘) after power disconnection Increased safety *e" Cable entries *de”=mrain protection is “a” terminal box ‘bat "2" is also present Close up of “e* comection chamber with ‘ed -mrain protection is *e*, ‘required non loosen terminals but “a” is also present ee pores © AP Plotor 13 TYPES OF PROTECTION NC TPE: nt RESTRICTED BREATHING REQUIREMENTS: + Equipment has no normally arcing parts + Enclosure restricts ingress of hazardous gases + Thermal effects incapable of ignition + nA=non sparking construction =n stricted breathing + nC-hermetically sealed, non incendive rs ot ae jj onmty deer asiumomex || A Daeg Sea) Dayal REQUIREMENTS: me &) BR, * Install in safe areas "emer ono (non IS), or in an approved se Eerie + Energy limiting barriers + Transmits signal from hazardous area (IS) + Prevents energy release + Ensure isolation of circuits between IS and non IS areas MISCELLANEOUS NOTES + IEC zone wiring methods prohibit use of twist-on (Wirenut’) connectors in Zone 1 Connections must be made to “increased safety" terminals. Twist-cn connections are approved in NEC® Zone 1 and Zone 2 areas. + NEC® allows choice of Class/Division or Zone method (with some restrictions) for new and add-on construction. The 1998 CEC requires Zone method classification only for all new and add-on construction. Local authorities can make exceptions allowing the Class/ Division method. + Equipment made to NEC®/UL requirements for Class/Division (Article 500-Class 1) is automatically suitable for use in NEC® Zones as described in Article 505. See "Where to Use" chart below. + Equipment made specifically using zone Protection techniques, “d",

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