DENA’INA QENAGA DUCH’DULDIH DENAINA ATHABASKAN JUNIOR DICTIONARY Compiled by Albert Wassillie Edited and proofread by Dr. James Kari, Linguist Alaska Native Language Center Illustrated by J. Leslie Boffa A Production of the National Bilingual Materials Development Center Rural Education Affairs University of Alaska 2223 Spenard Road Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Dr. Tupou L. Pulu, Director This work is being done pursuant to Federal Grant: 46007605457 Title VII, Office of Bilingual Education , It is reproduced in its present form for field testing only. All rights are reserved. Although this publication was prepared pursuant to a grant from the U.S. Office of Education, De- Partment of Health, Education and Welfare, no official endorsement by the U.S. Office of Bd- ucation should be inferred. 2/79/200DENA’INA QENAGA DUCH’DULDIH DENAINA ATHABASKAN JUNIOR DICTIONARY Compiled by Albert Wassillie Edited and proofread by Dr. James Kari, Linguist Alaska Native Language Center Illustrated by J. Leslie Boffa A Production of the National Bilingual Materials Development Center Rural Education Affairs University of Alaska 2223 Spenard Road Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Dr. Tupou L. Pulu, Director This work is being done pursuant to Federal Grant: 46007605457 Title VII, Office of Bilingual Education , It is reproduced in its present form for field testing only. All rights are reserved. Although this publication was prepared pursuant to a grant from the U.S. Office of Education, De- partment of Health, Education and Welfare, no official endorsement by the U.S. Office of Bd- ucation should be inferred. 2/79/200ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The National Bilingual Materials Development Center gratefully acknowledges the work done by Albert Wassillie of Nondalton, Alaska, in bringing the Dena‘ina Athabaskan Junior Dictionary to completion. Many thanks are also due Dr. James Kari of the Alaska Native Language Center for finding time in his busy schedule not only to edit and proofread the mate~ rial, but also to make valuable additions to the entries from his own work in Dena'ina. This dictionary is not comprehensive in its inventory of the Dena'ina lexicon. It is, however, a good beginning of the task that yet remains to be completed. We have tried our best to make this work as error free as possible, but we know that mistakes will’ still be found. We would appreciate hearing about these mistakes from all those who will have the oppor— tunity to use this junior dictionary of the Dena‘ina Atha- baskan language. The Staff National Bilingual Materials Development CenterINTRODUCTION by James KariI am pleased to introduce Albert Wassillie's Junior Dictionary in Dena‘ina Athabaskan. This is the first conversational dictionary of the Dena'ina language of Cook Inlet. This is a rich sample of Dena'ina with many common words of all word classes (nouns, verbs, particles, locatives, postpositions). The entries in this diction- ary are alphabetized in English. variations of a single word and related concepts are numbered within an entry. Example sentences are given for most words. These example sentences are interesting and are an important contribution to the Dena'ina language. Dena'ina verbs are very complex and the example sentences represent only a small sample of the possible variations of a concept. All Dena'ina words cited here are in Wassillie's Nondalton dialect. The Inland dialect of Dena'ina is spoken in Nondalton and Lime Village. The three other Dena'ina dialects are Lake Iliamna, Upper Inlet (Tyonek, Knik, Eklutna, Susitna, and Talkeetna), and Outer Inlet (Kenai, Kustatan, Polly Creek, and Seldovia). The Dena'ina dialect differences are outlined in the introduction to the Dena'ina Noun Dictionary, 1977, Alaska Native Language Center. The Dena'ina alphabet is listed below in a sound chart which is followed by key word examples. THE DINA'INA ALPHABET Consonants Tip of Blade of tongue- tongue- Tongue- alveolar alveolar roof of Voice Lips ridge ridge mouth box Stops mid back Plain b a dl az i a 99 ‘ Aspirated t tl ts ch neha Glottalized ttl tst cht kt gtFricatives Voiceless Voiced Nasals Glides Vowels Full Reduced az lamba ch chur cht ch'da a Denatina él dlinta éz vetudza e etnen g gini 99 ggagga gh ghini ho ouh hh hhuk i oond ij jan k ken kt ktetnu lutstegh hikta m dem trap lantern Chinook wind blanket Tanaina people mouse his hip land this one brown bear that one fern root hurey up island day flat river, creek ring dog fly sh zh sax x ee uti qeshga grin sez shet ten ttash hetL tltiz tsayan ts'ah ush vach sax yuyan suy sez , k'ghazha chin'an gh salt rich man fish eggs footwear steam ice charcoal sled rope cliff sinew thread snowshoe seagull wart sky sand belt egg thank you Note that the sound v used in Inland and Iliamna is b in Upper Inlet and Kenai and was w in the extinct Seldovia dialect. There are some cases of b in loan words in the Inland dialect.DICTIONARYagain qg'ukig'u A He told me again. Qtukig'u shet dghini. 2. Do it again. above dehch'en Kitsa'i I walked above him, ahead Vegh dehch'en luhenshyu. I came ahead of him, 2. above the river, up from the Vetsah g'u iy neshyu. river yuneg absorb ae t fresh air datninich'ix It didn't absorb water. Pee Ench'u vegh tutitik. Go outdoors and get fresh i air. eere. Uch'en tinilggux ha it aches egedu gatninich Tix. i ktenjeh I have a tooth ache. airfield nunukvenjen Shghi_egedu nian. He went to the airfield. Nunuk'enjeh tazyu. airplane nunujehi across across from geghk'uchten I live across from it. Qeghk'uch'en shughu_yeshau da. across from him veghk* uch" en adze k'gitayi i There are lots of airplanes. I hewed it with an adze. : ‘ K'gitayi et ch'anzetgey. Nunujelti dnaghelt’ a. 2. airplane nu@nulzexi afraid ee Alaska Range Dzezken We flew over the Alaska He's afraid of horses. Range. Guni_nilget. Dze?ken jench'tnulen. after ftl'uyeh alders geng'eya Go after him. They burn alder under fish. Vetl'uyeh tiyux. eng'eya vava t'uh geyderq'thi.2. red alder q'esh They use red alder bark to tan skins. Qtesh _k'eyes qiyatulaxi. 3. inner red alder bark gteshtuna alive (animal) genexi whatever is alive yada genexi gilan all all, everybody t!'anch'g' They all left. Tlanch'g'u _btaznu. 2. all lugtu almost g'ushla I almost went with him. Q'ushla vez tayeshyu. always lach'g'u He always tells me. Lach'g'u _shetni. among I walked among then. Qeveteh 2uhenshyu. ancestors cheyatda'ina We had ancestors. Nacheyatda'ina gighila. and chtu Jim and I worked. Shi ch'u Jim e2 ch'ghudnu. anchor yagagh I threw the anchor. Yagagh tudghelen. animals (water) vinti ggagga The polar bear is a water animal. Denlggeyi ggagga vintni Bt vegitens 2. wild animals ituh nughet'eshi There are lots of wild animals. Yituh nughez'eshi @naghelt'a. ant naghazht'in Ants can work. Naghazht'in_ghednu. anvil yeg'nuk'detsedi I like a big anvil hitkughi veg'nuk!detsedi Ber ya cet apple dried apples 'jeghatda I cooked dried apples. K'jeghatda_yeshlachapron yittugh nuchtulktet!i Put on an apron. Yit'ugh nuchtulktet'i + nuntggash. arctic char vat Arctic char is similar to dolly vardin. vat ghin gak'elay g'u qrent’a. argue He likes to argue. Ch'delchihi ve? yagheli. arrow blunt arrow tltes Blunt arrows were used for grouse and other small game. Tl'es etdyin nuttu qiyghudghizt*ah. ashamed My youngest brother is ashamed. Shkela eyu nlan. ktelaja There are stove ashes. Velida laja shi. ask ktiditget He went to the store to ask. Lahgagh tazyu ha k'ideiget. aspen ashes quaking aspen t'eghes Even in calm weather the aspen shakes. Dazghatl' ghu k'i t'eghes gnie-dechesne in _dechezn. aspirin k'tsi egedu_hudulya Give me a headache medicine, K'tsi egedu hudulya 3h ghunani’ Ux. Athabaskan (other than Dena'ina) Gheltsana aunt (father's sister) vach'a I walk over to my aunt, Vach'alach' zuhenshyu. awl awl for drilling holes in snowshoe frame nitsexi Do you have this awl? Nitsexi negh gilandu? axe duguli It's a sharp axe Duguli daghizyani 2. axe, stone axe vel kteltsazibaby 2. bag B ch'q'aynigen gguya her baby degguya She likes her baby Degguya vez yagheli. mishuk Paper bag galeq mishuk canvas bag ftuyes mishuk skin bag duneyes A skin bag is there. Duneyes 2tu ball angga I watch them play ball. Angga_e% chil'ulna gongnel"an. bail he bails (water) Bail some more. Kisht'a dahtinniz. he bailed dahtighinel bait trap bait atchen bake I'm baking nezt'as dahtenit Iam baking bread. Kliva nett'as. I will bake it. Tenghett'as. baker ktentt'esen bakers k'entttesna bald baldheaded tsitget' My grandpa is baldheaded. Shchada tsitget'en nlan. bank under the bank vest'ugh The salmon swam under the bank, big'ta ghini vesttugh he’ ighilagh. libushgi Bannocks are fried in grease. tas Libushgi tlegh at naz 2. bannoks, unleavened bread nalch'etl! bannocks baptize he is baptized tanat'un He is baptized for me. Shu _tanattun. barber hunuk'enzehenI will go to the barber, Hunuk' enzehench' Euhtgheshyut. gants'ixa He's walking around barefooted. Qants'ixa nugheyut. bark barefooted inner bark of spruce k'lutuna The inner bark of spruce was used as a bandaid. K'lutuna da'idghalchet. lut'ic 2. outer tree bark I will bring cottonwood bark. Eseni k'luttich'a nutidighelyay. 3. bark roofing material vez gistg'eyi They used birchbark for roofing. Nichit vet gistg'eyi geyghit' th- bark it barks yitsa The dog is barking. Lik'a yitsa. vuchgi I will buy a barrel of gasoline. @s'ekq'i gas vuchgi itigheshgat. barrel basin das Wash your face in a basin. Das at _nank'ildah. basket birchbark basket ghelch'ehi bat hetjech Bats fly at night. Hezjech tetsteh nunujeh. chung'a The bathroom is over there. Chung'a ghu di. bay ch'atanitu bathroom be eshlan I am a chief. Duyun eshlan. gheshla inlan 2. I was 3. you are Are you cold? Ezhi inlan du? gilan This winter it's cold. Hey gu ezhi gilan. + I'll be tgheshlat r'li be a little fellow. Yin _shla q'u_tgheshlat yit. ghila There were only two caribou. Vejex_ghin nutiha sht'a ghila. tuvugh They are playing on the beach. Tuvugh chigel'ul. naghelch'i 4, it is 6. were, was beach beadsHe sewed beads on my slippers. Sestla q'eduk'naz'un Raghelch'i. a 2. dentalium beads k'ing'ena In Indian dance, dentalium was high priced. Dena'ina hnuduk, k'ing'ena Beianieaghe beak k'duzhizha All beaks are different shapes duzhizha nizk'uch ghedghun. bear bear that's out in winter hey dugheyuti In the winter when the bear is flooded out, he has to leave his den. Ggagga heyteh vet telvixi Sais} nupex, hey dugheyors geyernin. 2. black bear yeghdishla Black bears like berries. Yeghdishla giga vez yagheli. 3. black bear climbs to observe his hole, rub his hands on k'dena, k'denez I found a tree that a black bear rubbed its paws on. K'denez ghenshyu. 4. brown bear ggagga I killed one bear. Ts'ek agga_chida'etyuq. brown bear (nickname) ghenuyi 5. polar bear nuti'at hggagga fe 6. bear mating season ghalzdliyi Bears mating season is dangerous. Ghalzdli ggaqgga_veghejashla gilan. 7. mother bear with cubs veyush gilani I saw a mother bear with cubs. Veyush qilani nghet'an. tagha There are bear droppings. Ggagga_tagha gilan. beautiful dghishin This is pretty too. Yi gin k'i dghishin. beaver chu 8. bear droppings This winter I'11 trap beaver. Hey gu chu egh k'tgheshlut. 2, beaver castor chulan Beaver castor make good trap lures. Chulan ghin k*itkedi ver zdluch’ yagheli.3. beaver dam chu eta There is a beaver dam across the creek. Chu eta nunik'et' k'etnu Spy bia nunik’et’ K’etnu PERS 4. beaver feed pile chu tak'nizkit The beaver already made its feed pile. Qtudida chu ghini tak'nizki 5. beaver feet chu ga A beaver foot looks like a pig foot. Chu ga ghin sidinga ga g qrent'a. 6. eaten beaver food chudyi There is a lots of eaten beaver food. Chudyi_ch'adnattech'. 7. beaver lodge chu gan I found five beaver lodges. Ch'gilu chu gan i'esh‘un. 8. beaver runway chu chtataniz'u There are two beaver runways. Nutih’ chu ch'atai chu_yes Beaver skins went up in price. Chu_yes dnazkeh. chu _ka 2 9. beaver skin 10. beaver tail Beaver tail with beans is good. Beans ghini chu ka veturittuts’ ghu yagheli- 1l. beaver teeth chu ghi They used beaver teeth for small drills. Hl Chu_ghi de tuts'i geyal'? 12. large beaver chuka‘a I killed a large beaver. Chuka'a chida‘etyuq. k'qidya I caught a medium beaver. K'qidya shegh k' ighetneq. 13. medium beaver 14, small beaver, kit k'nuy'a I caught another small beaver. K'nuy'a chinuda'etyug. because because, the reason why ghuda Because of that, I write. Dach' ghuda k'eshchik. become it became izdlan it became cold, it got cold ezhi gizdlan fe beeane ich geshga zdlan bed dazdli There is a water bed, Mintni dazdli k'i gila2. my bed sht Fix my bed. Sht*uh niginity beer biva beetle tahchu' There are water and ground beetles. Minini tahchuti ch'u elnen tahchuTi_qilan. before before our time nanutset below (towards river) yutsit I will go down below towards the river. Yutsit tsentidigheshyur. belt sez c_ Ey This belt is too wide. Gini sez k'idiki dnaghittal. beluga guyeshi We saw some beluga. Quyeshi ch'enghiz'an. bend nuk'gighastken There is a bend in the river. Ktetnu_nuk'gighastken. berries giga They're picking berries. Giga gineya. blueberries gigagheli Blueberries make fine jam. Gigagheli yagheli k'enkash chix. highbush blueberries gigantsa Highbush blue berries are bigger than blueberries. Gigantsa gigagheli yich'a deanatkughs ceeeraraanSoeeete bunchberries ch'entg'ena crowberries gigazhna Crowberries make good ice cream. Gigazhna yagheli nivagi Toate. highbush cranberries tsunttsa This berry makes fine syrup. yi gini giga yagheli vadaga Tenge tae vaahel wacese lowbush cranberry heygiga, ki inghildi We store cranberries for winter. Heygiga nich'dent'ux. norhterh red currant jeghdenghultl'ila Northern red currant makes a good jam. Jeghdenghultl'ila yagheli k'enkash Ichix. salmon berries k'engqutl' Salmon berries taste good. Kfengutl' naghelgen. big salmon berries ktenguti' kegh10. green, unripe berries kfenli The berries haven't ripened. K'enli entugha ktenishjik. 11. watermelon berries Zicheg'a giga This is a red berry. Licheg'a giga ghin Sennagaete between g'aghdeq I walked between two trees. Nutiha ch'vala g'aghde gheshyu. between us nag'aghdeq bidarga baydalgi big dghitkugh My, it's a big one. Vatdivi dghizkugh. big cheh A big plane landed. Nunujehi cheh nugheltlet. binoculars vihnil'ihi I use binoculars when I hunting. Shtun'eshyuh ghu vihnil'ihi gGhudert* ah. birch gteytsayi I will build a birch sleigh. Qleytsayi hetl tghetchi2. 2. birchbark go nichi2 I pick birchbark for baskets, Nichiz t'ghet'an hagi nuttu. 3. birch fungus, birch punk eichtix W Birch fungus is burned to ashes. (it is used to mix with tobacco) Eich'ix dudledi. birds ch'ggaggashla The birds have come back. Ch'ggaggashla nu‘it'eg. rusty blackbird ch'getch'ah Blackbirds came from the south. Ch'gezch'ah nutit'eg, gelujan The redpoll is a little winter bird. Gelujan hey hggaggashla gguya. fly catcher dehvava (other birds are alphabet- ized by their common names) 3. common red poll 4. bite you bite k'aghindghash Go ahead and bit! Ugha_k'aghindghas! he bit it k'aghidghach black dashtl'ech' The raven is black. Chulyin dashtl'ech'.blacksmith bladder blanket nuk! detseden He's a blacksmith, Nuk'detseden qut'an, ktelis I remove the bladder from the beaver. Chu ghini ktelis vechtanshlu. chida blood kadattin ia There's only blood. Kadaitin yan gilan. Blood is dripping out. Kadaitin ch'adulget. black fish blood (next to backbone) kuhlashga Clean the black blood out. Kuhlashga veku ch‘ anizah. blow blow on it dizyi2 Keep blowing on it. Kisht'a dityit. 2. He's blowing his nose. Vin k'i nik'tuchix. You blow your nose. Nik! tunchix. blue dark blue chati'ech’ The sky is blue. Yug' chatl'ech' hgilt'an. 2. blue, light blue dasgedi giltian boat vargas 12 4. 5. I have a new boat. Qtudidi vargas shegh gilan. boat floorboard vargas adazdli moose skin boat niggiday This crude boat is wide. Niggiday dghiztal. vakag' geytghalyi I set the boat ribs in. Vakag'geytghalyi vagheshlu. boat floor cross pieces wanuynidaz'iy boat ribs boil 2 bolt bone it's boiling (water) dnalghech boiled water dnalgheji Pour boiling water on it. Dnalgheji vetuniztl'it. shurep I will buy sleigh bolts from Anchorage. Anchorage gu hetl shurup'a itigheshgat. ktiztin Throw those bones in the lake. Ktiztin ghin ven at tunniz.book 3. bow of boat yus books vet gik'telnexi I will go to the bookstore. Vet gik'telnixi itgat tgheshyar. — born it was born to her veqizdlan Sit out in the bow. She has given birth to a Yus_ghusht'a vanitsut. little baby. Vegguyashla vegizdlan. bowl k'ta'a aligga bottle vidulga Buy some paper bowls. Galeg k'ta'a aligga ingat. I gathered some pretty bottles. 2. mixing bowl yvanuk'nilvuxi Vidulga dendashini ts'iz big mixing bowl daghizkughi nidanshlu. vanuk'nilvuxi bottom (of body of water) box yashik tatl'ah It sunk to the bottom. Tatl'ah_gadalen. bow bow and arrow tstitten It's my bow and arrow. Shi sts'ittena shi 2. crossbow vadak'eldexi eee I have a crossbow. paper box galeq yashik Vadak'eldexi shegh gilan. 2, box tsatgi bow boy kik you bow hnitsik'niyiz (y Because you came in a S. church, bow. Silgu duninyu ghuda Bates sty niyit, 2. bow your head hnitsik'nitsix 13 adI have a young boy. The one working with me shegh gilai broke his arm. Shet_ghednu'en vegguna 2. boys kitga eviaghetl™ ghet 1". oe braid 2. it broke in half vek'idghetl" It broke in the middle. you braid it k'eniltl'il Braid some rope for towline. Tayang' sht'a vek'idghetl'. biktaga tsitehi nuitu kteniltl'il. 3. it's broken up hududghetl" I'll braid it break-up ten tela Ktetengheltl'il. It is early break-up. brass, bronze titugiz'in Ughasht'a ten tela. They used to shape brass by breast pounding. ; Titugiz'in nugeydghitsat. (bird) breast bone k'eyatga brant chulyin viy'a He gave me a bird breast bone. The brant has white stripes Kreyatga shghunitkit. on its cheeks. Chulyin viy'a ventl'uggezh 2. breast meat k'eyattsen ch analggey~ — chicken breast meat gulutsa bread kliva yaitsen I baked bread. breath ktyich' Kliva nazett'a. You're still breathing! (Dena'ina greeting) Nyich' gilan! bridge (foot) nudalyi 2. bread pan vak'enttesi there is a glass bread pan Sdigela vak'ent'esi gizdlan. break I crossed the foot bridge. Nudalyi_qug’ nunshyu. it broke k'idghetl' 14briefcase zamga I put my papers in the briefcase. Shgalegga_zamga yighezdatl'. brisket k'yitstena I brought back-a brisket. Ktyits'ena nunsht'un. broom yet gichezhi The broom is worn out. Vet gichezhi g'ahdastuk'. brown zach gilt'ani buckbrush, dwarf birch eiyes Buckbrush is thick limbed. Etyes daghelt'en. bucket (water) vintni yagh'a I like tin water buckets. Dayin vinini yagh’2 Sher yaghel!. bufflehead sukna tsighaz This duck is named by its head. Yi gini jija vetsi ghuda vetizhi qilan. bug ggih leaf bugs k't'un ggih 15 bull with family ghenati We saw a bull with family. Ghenati ch'ghi'an. bullhead geit'emich'a Bullheads have big heads. Qett'emich'a vetsi Sennarkugh= bullroarer (Indian yoyo) viktiyuxi I will make an Indian yoyo. Wik'iyuxi tghetchit. bundle one bundle of forty fish tsterg'i haz I put up a hundred bundles. Dghasdlin hat dzazelghan. burl chik'denighash I brought back a burl. Chik'dentghash nunansht'un. burn it is burning dazq'en bush cinquefoil, tundra rose quchukda Bush cinquefoil is good medicine, Quchukda _yagheli hudulyi. butter masla Butter is to spread on bread. Masla kliva ve? niltleghi. butterfly gatch'ema Butterflies are all different colors. Qaichtema nizk'uch' ttent'a.button vigutsi I lost a button. Vigutsi shch'adalen. buy buy it for me- shu ingat Go buy that for me. Ugha yi ghini shu ingat. He likes buying things. Ch'k'igadi vez yaghe. 624) 3. don't buy it ch'ktigada Don't buy any more. Qtu ch'ktigada. Quit buying it! Ch'k'egadi dichit! 4, he will buy it for himself itidutgat He will buy himself a new jacket. Q'udidi yushlat itidutgat. I will buy it for myself. Itidigheshtgat. buzz 2. buying 5. buzzing dnelts'ez All the bees are buzzing. Ch'anjidi_ttanch'g'u Gneltstez. 16 2. you buzz denilts'ez 3. it started buzzing dnalts'ez I started the motor and it started buzzing. Mashina ghin hch'anlyu, chtgtu dnaltstez. by by me shzhex He sat right by me. Shzhex gu sht'a nastsut.It's calm on the lake. Ven at dazghatl call I built a cache, Dehi_duyesh'un. 2. cache dghaznigi 3. cache posts dehi qakenyes The cache post is rotten. Dehi gakenyes ghini agnivese. cache dehi 4. platform in front of cache I'll call him. chug’ uvugh Itigheshzhit. 5+ underground log cache 2. they'll call you ngituzhiz chuten Wait because they will call I made an underground log your name. cache. Husht* i Be usht'a ngituzhit ghuda. calendar yit gamera _vig'ch'ak'elyaxi I have a small camera Dnaghitchek'i vig'ch'- aktelyaxi shegh qilan. camp they camp nithdetix They camp two nights. Nutih k*i nizhdetix. Today is the tenth. Jangu hluzhun nik'dutsey. 2. campsite yitg'a 2. calender, stick calendar I stayed three nights in my k'nidetsexi campsite. Yitg'a tut nizdanshtun. calf moose k'dechiga can, drum vanga There are two calf moose. Nutiha k'dechiga. I put ten cans in the box. Hluzhun vanga yashik calm aagnieaaere it's calm dazghatl' 2. can gelushga 173. tin can denlggetl’ i Make a sail out of canvas and go sailing. Tuyes gizchi ha erdnintchtey> 2. tent fly, canvas roofing vel gishdveshi canyon denyig' It fell into the canyon. Denyig' hg'adulen. cards galdi They're playing cards. Galdi ei chigel'tul. caribou vejex There are lots of tin cans torcwn eee The caribou has big horns. Denigget1'i dnaghelt'a'i Vejex veda dentkugh. Yach' aed jedah. . can opener vet dakag' ch’ ak! dentyaei Buy some can openers. Vet dakag’ ch'ak'denlyaxi ingat. candy gemfidi I like candy. Gemfidi she? yagheli. cane tets* Where is my cane. Shtets'a ghinindi. canoe vang'ashli 2. bull caribou dugilin I will go after a bull caribou. I came down river ina Vejex dugilin iqu tgheshyut. canoe. : Vang'ashli at 3. yearling bull caribou Hkadgni" esnntk. nulida 2. dugout canoe vadatilgeyi He just killed a yearling bull. I will make a dugout canoe. Nulida gguya sht'a Vada'ilgeyi tghetchit. chidazyug. canvas tuyes 4. young bull caribou veda qilani 18I saw a young bull caribou. Meda gilani vejex nghet'an. cow caribou vejexshla Cow caribou has good meat in the winter. Heyteh vejexshla nulyih. carry he carries it (hat, ball, ring) yu'uk he carrtes Tt (egg, a song, a word) yedutut he carries it (animate object) yurtat he carries TE -Tflashlight, torch) yedutt'ut he carries it (boat, sled) yutit he carries it (stick, cup, chair) edutiz he carri#s TE (cup of water) ugut ferGirries it (blanket, piece of paper) yutkes he carries it (piece of meat, fish) urket he cirries pI’ objects (hats, cups of water, itc.) lat Ke carries pl. objects (snowshoes, sticks) yedulat he carries it (rope, Snare) yenulat he carries pl. objects (rocks) yetnulaz = cartilage k'gija cat gushga A cat has sharp claws. Gushga veluggena dendatyan. catch Ill catch it. Shi itighetye2. I caught it. 2erye?. 19 caterpillar sggudiday A caterpillar has many legs. Sggudiday veqakena dnaghelt'a. cave tsa'un I stayed overnight in the cave, Tsatun ht'uh nizdanshtun. caw it's cawing delggagh The raven is cawing. Chulyin delggagh. ceiling yeht'ugh The ceiling is high. Yeht'ugh dnuk'idaghiset, celery wild celery ggis In the spring we go pick wild celery. Litl'enteh ggis igu fuchTudiz. 2. wild celery roots ggiskena Wild celery roots are used as cold medicine. Ggiskena ges hudulya. center center of the wall opposite the door ventudeg Sit in the center of the wall. Ventudeg ghusht'a nitsut.cent five cents chulan 2. ten-cents k'gteza fifteen cents k'g'teza inch 3. twenty cents ts'ezg'i dingi twenty-five cents chulan ktiltinch' thirty cents tug'i k'q'eza It costs thirty cents. Tug'i_k'q'eza hqugh denikuh. thirty-five cents tug k'g'teza_chulan It cost thirty-five cents. Tug'i_k'gteza chulan hgugh Genikuh. 8. forty cents nutiha dingi It cost forty cents. Nutiha dingi hgugh denikuh. forty-five cents dingi chulan nutiha It cost forty-five cents. Nutiha dingi chulan hgugh seat 10. fifty cents vasbaldina I have fifty cents, I will buy gum. Vasbaldina shegh gilan, jah itigheshgat. el tug'i dingi It cost sixty cents. Tug'i dingi hgugh denikuh. 11, sixty cents 12. seventy cents tug'i dingi kigteza 20 It cost seventy cents. Tug'i_dingi k'g'eza hgugh lenikuh. 13, seventy-five cents tugti dingi tug'i chulan chap it's chapped gutch'ish His lips are chapped. Veduvunu_qutch'ish. charcoal t'ash Long ago they used this to write with. Qtet'gty ttash ef kTehghichix. charge it charged talzet The bear charged him. Ggagga ve? talzet. chase he's chasing me nushnuye2 My brother is chasing me. Ala nushnuye?. 2. he chased me tuhshnaniyit cheek my cheeks shentl'u I have big cheeks. Shentl'u cheh gilan. his cheeks ventl'u Chekok (on Lake [liamna) means “ochre paint creek" Chixkag' chew he chews k'e'tut 2. he chewed it k'dghitutl’+ you chew it ntuz He chopped down a spruce tree Chew your food well. gh'vala ez tazqut: Qighishin ngada n'ut 2. he is chopping yetsat chickadee ch'ggagga He is still chopping. Chickadee is singing. raat ch'ggagga _t'etni. Tstig'u yetsar. i 3. Today I'm chopping it up. chicken gulutsa gan gu huk'deitsai. I like fried chicken. church silgu Gulutsa zt'a'i shet yagheli. This Saturday I will go to chief duyun church. : Q'udi li gilan da silgu The chief made a speech. tgheshyu?. Duyun k'ghudghini. second chief duyu cigarette davak He smoked a cigarette. The second chief helped the Davak yiduch'aghelte2. chief. Duyug ghun duyun_nunituh. igh clams tigtadi ila, h' gq! aynigs Ee child, baby ch'g'aynigen dearer eeeHUMaEnHecereteE children ch'g'ayna Tlahi tig'adi shez yagheli. He has lots of kids. alastibisinrdeteetemsttee: 2 UE Chig'ayna vegh dnaghelt'a. Clams make fine chowder. chalinaavocnecRiver Qiz'in yagheli k'ta'a lohix. Tsilak’ faghudny Denatina clans Dena‘ina chop nizghelchitna , 1+ a clan (translation he chopped it down tazqutl siheee Eotn jean 242. "People from down below" clan kuguht'an 3. fishtail clan k'kalayi, ‘kali People of the paint clan chixlabt’ an the point clan yusdighulchina ggahyi I am of the raven clan. Shidi ggahyi eshlan. raven clan 7. sky clan nulchina 8. true people clan, back of bay clan gtatl'anht'an people from the water clan tulchina clap you clap your hands niztludilen He's clapping his hands because I danced Ni2ludelen nigheshyuk q 2. he clapped pizludulnen claws k'elujexa brown bear claws ggagga lujexa eagle claws ndatika’a lujexa 3. bird claws k'gajuga clay tahgegh'a This clay has many uses. Tahgegh'a ginaghelt'ach' vez Prien uhdurt' at 22 clear Now it's starting to clear after the storm. Qtudiki htashch‘ul. 2. It will get clear. Htutch'e2. cliff tsayan We climbed among the cliffs. Tsayanteh huch'ezdatl'. hutgheshyu2 I will climb this mountain. Dghili gini veg' hutgheshyut. et climb 2. he climbed huzyu He climbed the mountain. Dghilig' huzyu. daghitggech' I came close to it. Daghitggech vegh ninlggux. close (the door) gank'ninigat it's too close Close the door, cold. Ezhi qu _gank'ninzgat. close your eyes ninich!it Close your eyes and don't look at me. Ninlch'iz ha shch'niztana. I have my eyes closed.I can't close my eyes. Enchtu nizhelch'e2. I had my eye closed. Nighelch'iti'. clothes itl' I will gather clothes. Itl' ts'it nitgheshlaz. 2. my fishing clothes va tig'a chtel'ihi 3. my hunting clothes va shtun'eshyuhi yug’ gishtchug' Today is a cloudy day. Jan gu yug' gishtchug'. yug' hdnalt'em tsik'nighezi Take a fish club along. Tsik'nigheti dadizggat. k*duhet cloudy 2. it's cloudy club (fish) war club There was no gun so they used a club. Izin gighishin ghuda_k'duhe ghuhdghitt'ah. he clubbed it yizt'eh he clubbed him (in the head) yenatt'eh coal vashda There is coal at my village. Shgayeh vashda gilan. tsidyan There's still hot coals. Ts'ig'u tsidyan gilan. dghak, degh'a degh'a nalgeni 2. hot coals coat a warm coat 23 2. 3. coffee lined coat A lined coat is warm. Vikut'quni degh'a nalgen- kteyes degh'a A foxskin coat is pretty. Q'anelcha k'eyes degh'a denshin. guxi skin coat cold ezhi I am cold. 2. Ezhi eshlan. cold, flu ges I got a cold. Qes_chilug.4, he starts to cook it etazhdlach he’s cooking it yelach colored people, Negros Nditl'ech'na There are lots of colored a cook kteleshen people. Nditl'ech'na gut'ana dnaghelt*a. That fellow is a good cook. come cooks (two or more) come on, go ahead ugha k'elachna Go ahead and start walking. There are three cooks. Ugha_heh'aniyux. Tuna k'elachna gilan. 2. they came together cookbook veghu ktedlaji_galeg nitgitdatl' Let's use the cookbook. They all came together. Veghu k'edlaji galeq Tanch'g'u nitgitdatl'. ghuch'dutt'ani. cooked food eshdlaji 3. he hasn't come back up hunusdyuk i 2. cooked meat k'tsen' eshdlaji He hasn't come up yet. Entugha hunusdyuk. cookies branigi 4. he hasn't come back The cookies taste good. nu! isdyuk Branigi dnaghelgen. He hasn't come back yet. 2. cookies, cake dnaghelgeni Bn'ugha nut isdyuk. kliva comet sem chuna copper chuchuna A comet fell from the sky. corking, chinking vez Sem chuna_yetun hch'adalen. hdghalchini cook I will store a certain moss for chinking he cooks k'elach Nan vel hdghalchini nieidighesheits My mother is cooking. Shuntda k'i k'elach. corking iron ve k*dghelchiyi 2. she cooked k'ezhdlach A corking iron is made out oe of iron. 3. he cooked it yednashdlach Vet _k'dghelchiyi dayin nlan. He cooked the fish heads. cottonwood egeni Lig'a tsi _ghini Yednashalachs 7 The cottonwood grows tall. Eseni dendatnaz. 24corner tikeng'atl'a crab tig'achihi Sit in the corner. A crab has lots of legs. Tikeng'atl'a ghu nitsut. Tig'achihi_vegakena dnaghelt*a~ 2. cottonwood buds k'elujag'a He gathered cottonwood buds for medicine. Hudulyi nuztu k'elujag'a tighiz*an. cough he is coughing delges cradle (baby) ts'utl’ I will peel birchbark for a baby cradle. Tstutl' nutty Segnktedghigheshtiz. crane (sandhill) ndat The cranes are flying around. Ndat nunudet. crawl he is crawling gighuchez count J he counts up to ten hluzhun hgugh k'izhi He counted the fish. Lig'a et gitalnik. coveralls nitghughetgin Y I will wear coveralls. Nitghughetgin ghudghe2t'a?. cow guluva Look, he's crawling. A cow gives milk. oon A Guluva_vemulugu'a gilan. Nini'an_gighuchez. 25crazy he's crazy ch'gizhnesh My dog is crazy. you are crying nehegh Are you crying too? Nen k'i_nchegh dit? Shlik'a ch'gizhnesh. . they (two) are crying gechegh creek (little) k'etnu gguya They are crying together. I camped at the little ts" izg'u_gechegh. creek. Kfetnu gguya ni2danshtun. 3. They (two) cried. Hghichagh. crop (ptarmigan) k'ge2g'aktan cup chashga Ptarmigan and grouse have a crop. Qtachtema, etdyin véegergtattan gilan. cross gri They made a cross for him. Gris geyu datchin. crossbill (white winged) ktenchix duggets'a crowbar yet gak'dildezi A crowbar is good to pull spikes out with. 2. Cups are made in different shapes. Chashga nizk'uch' dudghun. cup and saucer k'adaztin He gave me a cup and saucer. K'adaztin shghudanilu. Vet gak'dildeti guzdi cheh vet Gaarlyach’ yeghell- cupboard shgap Ch REHeh The cups are in the ' cupboard. it's crunchy -denigich Chashga ghin shgap dazdiu. 3's ecunchy when I chew Serer Ktesh’ui ch’y denigich. Too strong a current is no crush good for a fish trap. you crush it nen hudiigax ery a 26 K'idiki niten taz'in ghegh qil against current tin'e I will go against the current so I will use a pole. Tin'e tghigheshnex deantete’ enutaghe! ighezt'at.curtain (window) yulg'a deluhi D dad, daddy dada I will go with daddy. Dada et tgheshyut. dance ktenduxi I bought a pretty window curtain, Yulg'a deluhi_densh gheshgat cut Cut some salmon. Lig’a nt'us. he cut it yeghit'uts' Leng ago they used to Indian dance. Htsast'a k'enduxi Eehghiz"ih, 2. you dance k'tiljesh 3. he danced k'uljich dark it is dark nughiighatl' 2. it is getting dark nutghe2 It gets dark in fall time. Nageliteh nuighe: 27dangerous veghejashla Because that guy is mean, he's dangerous. Yin ghun k'ch'nat'a ghuda Veghejashla qilan. dawn it dawned huyghizgun It dawned on me. She? huyghitgun. day jan It's a long day. Jan daghitnaz. 2. today jangu 3. a days travel gech' yit daztun It's one day's travel from here. Gu_gechta ts'i2 gech' yi2 daztun. dead (animal or fish) chidyuggi I found a dead caribou. chidyuggi vejex itettan. deadfall trap at I will set a deadfall this fall, Az nitghesh'yi nagelida. dnaghelgen Big berries are delicious. Giga cheh gini dnaghelgen. ktun delicious den There's a den here. K'un iygu gilan. diapers k'jeta I bought pampers. K'jeta_igheshga 2. diapers k'tl'ughuyig' zdliyi diarrhea vig' nuhdghilzex He's alright but has diarrhia, Yagheli hg'u vig' manag ghilzex. different nizktuch' different kinds of mittens nizk'uch' t'ent'ayi gech' 2. different kind ighilti That's a different kind. Yik'i ighil'i shi. died it died chidyug My dog died. Shlik'a chidyug. 2. a person is dead vegisil 3. he died gil zdlan you dig hnihdinsix Dig right her Iygu sht'a hnihdinsix. 28dip net dipper (bird) dishrag neh" quyi I used a dip net. Neh'guyi ghudghett'a. tatsilgit'a The dipper jumped into the water. fatsilgit'a tunultiet. big dipper nag'ech' nigahdghugesi They used the big dipper for a compass. Nag'ech' nigahdghugesi Geyeghu_nughedii. little dipper nindlayi The little dipper has a story. Nindlayi k'i vesukdu'a qian ane water dipper tak" ilggedi Use the water dipper. Vert tak'ilggedi ghudizt'a. vel nuk'delyehi Wash the dishrag. Vez nuk'delyehi tununla, ver dive do 2. it dove in the water tatiltlet When it saw me, it dove in the water. Shghi'an ch'u ta‘iltiet. he will do tuttiz What is he going to do? Yada g'u tu2tiz? do it this way, follow the command dach' nt'an 29 Listen and follow the command Qadak'dinex ha dach' nt'an. I'm doing it tteshttan This is what I'm doing. you're doing t'enz'an What are you doing? Yada g'u _t'enk'an? I did it that way. Dach' t'ghesht'an. he did it t'ghiz'an What did he do? Yada q'u t'ghiz'an? dog 2ik'a dogs 2iktaga I have nine dogs. Lg'ich'idi tik'aga shegh eerste eee dog chain iik'a tltila Buy a dog chain. Lik'a tl'ila ingat. female dog tich* I have one female dog. @s'ezg'i tich'a shlik'a gilan. * male dog linest'a I have eight male dogs. Etagil'i tinest'aga shegh gilan. dog hair 2ighu They can weave dog hair. Lighu k'i_getltix. dog pack 2ik'a ghalaFill the dog pack. Lik'a ghala ghin vigila. 7. little puppy 2lik'a gguya a I will raise five little puppies. Ch'gilu tik'aga gguya tenghezyah. doll hnina A little doll is laying here. Hnina gguya gu ttan. dollar (one) ch'qilug' 2. one dollar and fifty cents ch'gilug' vasbaldina 3. two dollars hluzhung' dingi 4. three dollars hluzhung! ch'gilug'di dingi 5. four dollars ts'itghetna dingi 6. six dollars tut hluzhung' 7. one hundred dollars ch'gilu dghasdlin dolly varden gak'elay Dolly varden have yellow meat. Qak'elay vetsen itsig. done I'm done (finished working) g’aghanshdnu door dakag'ai I made a door. Dakaq'di dnazhetchin. double, both sides nizg'a double bladed axe nizg'a yvenan duguli chench down I went down hill. chench' ch'i'eshyu. 2. down toward the river yutsit 3. down-river yatte, yudut I will go down-river. Yut'e tgheshyur. dream gateinestsey I dreamt last night. Tets gu gatsinestsey. dress dahmak 2. calico dress sitsa dahmak nuhugestl'in It's cold, so they dressed-up. Ezhi_gilan ghuda fanugestl" i in. 3. they dressedGet dressed! Nubust1'int He is dressed, Nuhust1 il driftwood tuk'edlay I will gather driftwood. Tuk'edlay ts'it meraight igheshlat. drill, awl degh'i tutsti 2. Indian drill degh'i_tutsti 3. drill vez k'eldedzi Denatina There's lots of drills in the store. Vet _kteldedzi dnaghelt'a iehgagh drink I drink k'eshtnun Today I'm drinking. Jan gu k'eshtnun. I'll drink. K'tgheshtnun. drip tudelgit It dripped from the ceiling. ¥Yeht'ugh gegh tudilgit. 31 drive (sled) he'll drive (sled) zuhk! turghet Don't let him drive, Luhk! tuzghudilay. He drove the sled. Luhk'nizghet. he is driving the sled around nuk'uzghet He's driving dogs, bik'aqa e2 nuk'uzghe2. He started to drive. K'tatghet. elgheli Indians use a smooth board for a drum. Dena'ina ditali elgheli ghuhdghitt'ah. Sreceeneae ary drum it's dried out nghalch'ich’ it's too dried ou RUIGiRI nghalchtich' 2, it's dry zhchtich’ 3. The wood is dry. Chik'a dnghalggen. ducks, water fowl yi'uh nunudeziI will get water fowls. Yi'ub nunude?i igutghel dull ch'daghizyan a dull axe duguli ch'daghityan dumb he's dumb ch'ginaghiznik dust dit Sweep the dust together. Diz _ts'ik nidinzah. 32 E eagle (bald eagle) yudi ndatika’ 2. golden eagle earn he earns it yetchi Did you earn money? ingi zhizchin du? jegha Rabbits have long ears. Hvaya jegha deninaz. earthquake ngizgan Today there was an earthquake. Jangu_ngizgan. eat ears ktelgat He has to eat first. Tsay gat. he ate ktulget' you eat ktilgat You eat too. Nen_k'i ktilgat.2. we will eat ch'k'tulgat We will eat at five o'clock. Ch'giluh nuktelghe? da carereutgaee qat. he ate it up suydnulen He ate the apple up. Giga cheh ghini suydnulen. k'genldat They're all eating berries. T'anch'g'u k'genldat. they ate berries ktehnuldatl' eat berries echo there is an echo gazaniztun I shouted and there was an echo. Gheshzhel ch'g'u gazaniztun. eddy g'enudadlen edge egg empty I fished in an eddy. enudadlen igshak fgterens gheian. hvuna I walked right on the edge. Byuna sht'a nitdeg neshyu. it's edge k'evunu k'ghazha I like fried egg K'ghazha dazt'a'i shet yaunet elie eggshell k'ghaztstena Throw the eggshell away. K'ghazts'ena yach' dizdaz. vak'gisen it's empty yi vak'gisen 33 enough shitnilt'a Ok, that's enough. Qtu shitnilt'a. ermine, weasel kughulzhena, Ermine is bigger than least weasle. Kughulzhena kina denzkugh. Eskimos (Yup'ik) ichta Dutna I have lots of yuptik friends. Dutna shida'ina dnaghelt'a. evening hezcht I will go fishing this evening, Heich' Ja shagela igu helps excite he's excited vei ktugidzet He got excited quickly. Ughasht'a vez k'ugidzet. expensive dnikuh It is too expensive. K'idiki dnikuh gheli,eye his eye venagha He's blind. Venagha gisen. 2. eyebrows nuhditl'a She painted her eyebrows. Denuhditl'a dazhchex. 3. eyelashes ~tstentag'a He has long eyelashes. Vets'entag'a deninaz. even nitghu Make it even, Nizghu sht'a t'enlah. face k'nan He carved a wooden face. Chik'a k'nan dazchin. falcon (peregrine) k'enchix fall it fell dnazghel The ladder fell. Digadghilgheli dnazghel. 2. it fell in front of me Shjaghch'en nudulen. 3. I fell in water tudghelen I fell in the little creek. Ktetnu gguya tudghelen. it fell*in the water tudulen It fell in the lake. Ven at tudulen. fangs k'ghidesha A bear has fings. Ggagga_veghidesha gilan. far daghiset My village is far. Shaayeh daghiset.fast t'ighitne Airplanes are fast. Nunujehi t'ighitne. fat k'gteh, k'ditkidi 2. back fat kakeng'di He cut the back fat out. Kakeng'di yech'ani'un. 3. rendered fat remains k'kuja cold fat remains (like popcorn) ezhi nlani ktkuja father his own father detutda He went with his own father. Detutda ez tazyu. 2. forefathers tutda'ina We had forefathers, too. Natuta'ina k'i gighila. fawn, newborn caribou, moose k'kuhi qh me UN, Pawns are born in the spring. Litl'enteh k'kuhi getax. down feathers, k'kidza bird down feathers kikidza nunudizi 35 2, long feather k'ttu eagle feathers ndatika'a kitty feed you feed him veghuk'nizkit feel feel it veghudilnex feel it here gu veghudilnex niganaz'iy I'll work on the fence. Niganaz'iy ghetghigheshdnu. A fence goes around the ground. Nuk'enlyiht nigak'nastltin, uh Fern root soup is tastey. Uhta'a dnaghelgen. few fence fence fern root there are a few dnaghelchig' dnaghelchig'hq'u just a few tsegha fightHe came to me to fight. Tsegha ez shegh niyu. nabilga You file iron with a file. Nabilga dayin vez g'u'i file find I found it iteshtun I found a nickle. Chulan iteshtun. finger his little yeluch'ema finger His little finger hurts. Veluch'ema egedu nlan fingerling, baby salmon tuyiga fish airsac kuhlet' Salmon airsac is good with flour fried. Kuhlet' muga yighilu ch'u tlegh at zt'a- fish bait k'egh dghitchedi Take more fish bait. Kisht'a k'egh dghitchedi intkit. fish backbones k'eyena Tie fish backbones together. Kteyena nit'enghiztl'i- fishbelly k'veda Fishbelly is good to salt. K'veda_suluna nlanch' yagneli. 5. fishbin ktusg'a 36 I put salmon in fishbin. Lig'a k'usg'a hg'atugheshlu. fish eggs g'in Trout like fish eggs. Shagela tig'a g'ina ve2 yagheli. . fish heart k'gatggama fish heart cooked with flour k'gatggama _muga e2 eshdlach fish hole tatsag'a I baited the fish hole. Tatsag'a_tuk'denghettuk'. ktenut! 8. 9, fishmeat Today I will make fish meat (to store in oil). Jangu_k'enut' tgheshghun. fishmeat in bear stomach sack dighelyuyi ktenut" ishnose cartilage ktingija Fishnose makes fine chowder (salmon). Ktingija yagheli k'tata lehix. 10. ll. 12. fish pew zig'a vet telyayi We use a pew to fill a fish bin. Klusgta tig'a vez tuch'elax. 13. fish rack poles in smokehouse kalaje2 I made fifty fish rack poles. Ch'gilu hluzhun kalajet dgheshghun. 14. fish run k'nilaghIn the month of June, the fish came. Lig'a n'u nata k'nilagh. 15. fishtrap taztin He set a fishtrap. Taz'in tanitun. 16. fishtrap funnel k'eshjaya I will make the funnel part. Keshiava venuitu htghetchit. long sticks on fish trap talyagi I made new fishtrap sticks. Qtudidi talyagi dgheshghun. he made fish oil (by squeezing) k'atsaghi'un Today he squeezed fish heads for oil. Jangu ktatsaghi'un. 17. 18. 19. £ishhead oil k'tsigha 20. fermented buried fish ghugilin 21, fall fish (salmon) hey lig'a We hang this fish (whole). Hey lig'a dunuch'eltax. red fall fish nuditgtazhi tiztani 22. 23. dead fish There lots of dead fish in fall. Tittani nageliteh dnilt'ax. 24. ary fish vava_zggeni I'm hungry for dry fish. Vava zggenich' da‘tesh'u. dried fish, dried salmon veghudna gilin 25. 37 Lots of people survived on dried fish. Veghudna gilin. dried fish with crust on vegug' dazyexi I will cook this kind of fish. Vequg' dazyexi dgheshdlach. 27. dried fish backbone strip meat k'yintseq'a I cut out some fish backs. K'yintseg'a k'ch'ananshlu. 28. dried fish eggs g'in nazggeni They put all the dried salmon eggs (in a sack). Q'in nazggeni_mishuk yiginlax. arate 29. dried, nudelvay I cut some fall fish. Nudelvay ghesttuts'. 30. dried ungutted fall fish dunultant 26. filleted fall fish 31. dried salt fish strips valik 32. dry smoked whitefish helvezhi 33. fermented fish heads chitichitl' 34, fishing rod igshak ten I have two fishing rods. Nutiha igshak ten shegh qilan. saenek_ten shea fish dried for one day dazyexi flat filleted fish dital vava 35. 36.37. half smoked dry fish dasgedi_yighelyi 38. marked fish nunaltuk pried fish were marked in different ways. Lig'a vava nunaltuk. 39. pounded fish in fishhead oil k'chish dinutgheshlat 40. soaked dry fish to be boiled ta'adi Today we will cook this fish. Jangu ta'adi_ch'dudlach. 41. split (fillet) salmon dig'a ghet'uts'i 42. stacked dead fish nin'iltani 43. ungutted fish with eggs frozen inside g'intech'a They don't gut the gtintech'a. Q'intech'a neh'u geychutl'u k'eichit. 44. he is fishing 2tig'acht l'an He's fishing in Bristol Bay. Duttech' Zigtach' l'an. 45, they fished 2ig'ach' qul'an fire daz! 38 Watch out for fire. fire drill hesgi. Fire drill was used long ago (before matches were used). Hesgi gtet'qu ghuhdghiit'ah. forest fire nhdeg'en A forest fire burned all summer. Shan gech' nhdeg'en. fireplace yusdi Start the fire in the fireplace. Yusdi_nuydinig'ux. genghuggesh by the fire yusdi vunu Put the teapot by the fire. Chaynik ghini yusdi vunu nidanichit. it fired (rifle) firepoker daltetl The old shells fired. Qtet'i svinits ghin daltetI". first tsa you first nen tsa fit x it fits, it is big enough shit itkugh It fits Shegh shi'izkugh. ch! five ilu It is the fifth day. Ch'gilu k'chtadanitun. 2. five times ch'giluhfix dnu'eshlug I will make a skin flesher or scraper. I fixed my boat. Vez nuktelgayi tghetchit. Q'u shvargasa dnuteshlug. fleshing pole veq' nuk'elgahi 2. [am fixing it. Dau'eshlah. When a fleshing pole is carved smooth it works 3. it will be fixed gnutulniz better. Veg! nuk'elgahi gighishin This will be fixed. Sghatznak yen yadneris Giniki dnutulniz. Greer eee floats (net) tahvit ts'esa 4, I'l] fix it. Dnutgheshli2. Wooden cork floats are heavy. 5. he fixed it dnuyilug Chik’a tahviz ts'esa ghini dentnaides. He fixed the motor for me Mashina ghini shu dnuyilug flood 6. we fixed it dnuch'ilug it's flooding talven 7. it's fixed dnulyug Tt rained a lot and it started to flood. flag grat K'idiki ghitkun ch'u talven. The flag is up. 2. it flooded vinzni ttedyeg Grat_gadak'et'. floor hnidulyig' flash Lay them on the floor. it flashed htetch'ez Enidulyig' ghu ninitdaz. Lightening struck and 2. middle of the floor gendun flashed. Neiteni nugendezdat ch'u flounder hnighelgq'taya htetchter. Sreerenreescaran flounder is a round fish. flashlight geljayi Hnighelg'aya dghelvits'. Where is my flashlight? flour muga Shgeljaya hdi? flea eyu I am scratching myself because I have fleas. Hudeshtch'et_sh'eyu'a qilan_ghuda. ——, flesher (caribou bone) 39Get me some flour. Muga shu _intkit. flowers ashana Flowers are all different colors. Ashana_nizk'uch* dengidiltian. £low they are tributaries, streams flow from there gh'andazdlen fly 2. it's flowing down hdedghiten It's flowing down the bedrock. Hutatg' hdedghizen. river flows through canyon geghnizen "Flows through canyon" is a village name on the Stony River. Qeghnilen qayeh h'izhi. it is flying dnulzex A seagull is flying this way. Vach yach' dnulzex. he flew about tuhdnalen He flew in an airplane. Nunujehi_at_tuhdnalen. 40 it flew across nudnalen It flew across the river. Ktetnu _ts'inun nudnalen. it will fly across nutidnulzex it flew back nudnilen He flew back Qtudida nudnilen fly (May) tunisizi The May flies are thick as smoke. Tunisizi ghini dasgedi gheli. fly eggs chtezh It's full of Fly eggs. Vegh nik'nitch'ezh. horsefly tltavazha The horsefly can bite. Tl'avazha k'aghidghesh genghesh Foam is drifting down river. genghesh nishtutela. nunigi There's lots of fog today. Qtudi_jan nunigi dghitkugh. 2. there is a soupy fog nuhnult’en foam fog 3. first mountain fog in June dghili tuk'nanitun follow I follow it nungheshyu2 I follow the moose with dogs. Lik'aga et k'uhda'i nungheshyut-food k'gat We have enough food. K'gat nagh shinaghelt'a. 2, their food gevgada they have enough food. Qevgada k'i shinaghelt'a. 3. food, lunch gadi for nuitu This is for me. Gini shi shnuttu. for hnuztu for when I come back nunshdyu da bhnuitu for me shnuitu 2, for nothing, in vain, nonsense shiztun I did it for nothing. Shittun g'u t'ghesht'an. forehead my forehead shentug! My forehead hurts. Shentuq' egedu. forest tag'aztin I went into the thick fores| Tag'aztin dghelt'en ee ee 2. in the forest chtvalateh forget I forget (a word) shegh shtundalen I forget his name. Ve'izhi_shegh shtundalen. 2. he forgot it vek'uynidalen He forgot his key. Degeluja k'uynidalen. fork ver k!idghushi There are wooden forks too. Chik'a vet k'idghushi egies gilan~ four denk'i There were four of them. Denk'i_sht'a ghila. 2. four times denesh foundation foundation blocks, house posts gidnazdlifreeze you are freezing nghilten Are you freezing? Nghilten dit? 2. Are you frozen? Nghazilten? it's frozen nghalten Meat is frozen. K'tsen nghalten. friend ida My friend hasn't come back. Ida n'ugha nu'isdyuk. frog nughuya Frogs are croaking. Nughuya delghesh. front htsah He's walking in front. Htsah gheyu? 2. front quarter k'gguna He gave me a front quarter. K'gguna_shghunitun. shegh Frost is on the ground. Etneng' hshegh dultlet. 2. it frosted nuhdalzhegh This morning there was a fro! Qtut'un gu nuhdalzhegh. frost 42 fry they fried it hyittta 2 , They fried fish. big'a ghin hyiztta. frying pan sgulida Fry it in a frying pan. Sgulida at sht'a ntt'as. full he's full shunaltek Don't feed him any more, he's full, Qtu _veghuch'k'etkeda, Seansteegt sete it's full (of liquid) The gas tank is full, Gas _vanga vidadalveni shi. It's full of sugar. Dghelneshi vadadatchug'. white fungus (on birch) k'vajeghetl'a black birch ktadnitsaya Black burls grow on birch. Ktadnitsaya q'eytsayig' eniyah. funnel fungus vel dink'etnili It's no good without a funnel. Vet dink'etnizi det k'i qil.funny you are funny ch'dughinltaz You are too funny. Ktidiki ch'dughinltat, fur idza (fine animal) k They will buy my fur. K'kidza sh'itutgat. 43 G gallbladder k'tl'ech’ Take the gallbladder off. K'tl'ech' vech'ani'ux. gallon galnag Give me five gallons of gas. Ch'gilu galnaq gas Shrdgra dinggeee nuktenlyih He's making a garden. Nuktenlyih getchi. garden gasp he's gasping telyex He's gasping because he ran too much. Klidiki nshetdattuk' ch'u telyex. gather gathering nitdela He's gathering logs. Sdin'a nizdela. generous ,hghuk! ighila That man is generous. vin guttan ghun k’ghuk*ighila. get up gganilchit Get up now. Q'u_gganilchit. giant k'uzhaghaten Long ago there were giants, they say. fet' gheli tu k'uzhaghaten gighita.girl deghk'isen she's a fine girl. Yagheli deghk'isen nlan. 2. my girl friend shtulan I have a girl friend. Shtulan gilan. give give it to him (several objects, clothes) veghuynila Sige tees him (snowshoes, skins) veghuydanila T gave ploobyects to him veghuynshly I gave him (boat, gun) veghuynshtun Tdave him-Toans, bottles, pencils) veghuydanshtun I gave him (blanket, paper) veghuynezkits gizzard ktjeha He bought some gizzard. K'jeha ighigat. glacier 2i Some glaciers are wide. K'eldunch' 2i denttal. glacial silt 3i zuya There's glacial gravel all the way. Li_guya qug' yan gilan. 3. glacial water Zitata Glacial water is white. Lita'a vinini dnaghelggey. glad he's glad, he's excited vutta 44 My friend is glad. Shida vut'a gilan. glare it glares vek'iljayi It glares off the mountain. Dghili ghini vek'iljay. glass sdagan Pour it in a glass for me. Sdagan shvan2ztl'it. window glass sdigela The window glass pane is broken. Yulg'a sdigela hutnudghetl'. eye glasses achgi Where are my glasses? Shtachgi'a hdi? gloves gech' They made me gloves. Gech'_shu_hghighun. gnat, white sock, (bugs) go 3. ch'getggech'a The whitesox go to bed. Ch'getggech'a galyax. he is gging teyux He is about to go. Yin q'u_teyux. he went around it nigadazyu He went around the trail. I will go back nutgheshdyuzAt five o'clock I'll go back. Ch'giluh nuk'elghe2da nutgheshdyur . I'll go back out. ch! antgheshdyuz. go to bed gatiltan He went to bed. Yin k'i_gatiltan. 5. it's gone k'gisil God Nagteltani Repent to God. Nagteltani du'ida'intgen. gold zuluda I will go look for gold. Zuluda_igu tgheshyul. golden eye tsig'unya The golden eye is a pretty duck Tsig'unya denshini jija. good yagheli Today is a good day. Yagheli jani gilan. I like it, it's good with me shek yagheli good hunter ezhge He is a good hunter. Yin ghun ezhge nian. good person yagheli dena He is a good person. ¥Yagheli_dena nian. goose ndalvay 45 In the fall, the geese leave for the south. Ndalvay nagiliteh _nutet'eh. 2. snow goose ch'iluzhena gossip k'egh gighitya That fellow gossips. Yinghun k'egh gighizya. ~kuya She's got a grandchild. Vekuya gizdlan. grandchild (woman's) 2. his (man's) grandchild vetsiya grandma chida I visited grandma. Chida_egh gheshdu. grass k'chan In the fall we cut grass. Nageliteh k'chan_ch'denesh. 2. grass ‘vantudushi Lots of this grass is near salt water. Nuti at vantudushi dnaghelt'a. graés flats tl'eghqug' I will go to the grass flats tomorrow. Tazgunda tl'eghgug' tgheshyors eshyur-4. grass thatching on roof ktchan gadadetini grasshopper telchteri Grasshoppers can jump a long way. Telch'eti daghiset telch'et. grave, cemetery gut'ana ttent'a gravel gatnigi dendnatchek'i I will spread the small gravel. Qatnigi dendnatchek'i geq'tenghezchen. 2. gravel bat nug! The planes land here on the gravel bar. Nug' gu shughu nunugenjeh da. gray itg'uli gray paper itq'uli galeg grayling ch'dat'an Grayling is easy to hook. ch'dat'an k'ighitneg'. grease tlegh We now have grease. Qtudi tlegh nagh gizdlan. qrebe (red necked) taga'a green it is green (like leaves) kittun gilt'ani 2. green wood vitudattuni I chopped some green wood. Vitudattuni ghestsatl'. grinding bowl gulchuk 46 A grinding bowl is for grinding tobacco. Gulchuk davak vaditg'uhi. gidudya A pine grosbeak is a winter bird. Qidudya heyi hggaggashla. grouchy grosbeak (pine) he's grouchy ch'du' idghaghize This morning he's grouchy. Qtut'un gu _ch'du' idghaghite. ground on the ground ezneng' We walk on the ground. Elneng' nuch'udei. underground etnent'uh The creek flows underground. Etnen grow growing nezyah My potatoes are growing. Galduxa shegh netyah. gull vach The seagull likes to holler. Vach_t' idaghelghuzh, 2. Bonaparte's gull chiluzhena This little gull has a black head. Chiluzhena vetsi dnashtl'ech’. gully jah Chew some gum. Jab ditut. chtahdani2tun gumgun izin I will buy myself a new gun, didi izin itidigheshtgat. 2. automatic gun vadnex cht deltetl'i gunpowder k'elashch'a Long ago, they used to use black powder. Htsast'a dashtl'ech'i Ktelashch'a ghuhdghiit'ah. guts ktinazdli Some guts are good. Kteldun'i k*inazdli k 47 H hail kunch'nazdli A hail storm came over us. Kunch'nazdli_natsen ghizyu. hair (head) tsighu He has long hair. Vetsighu dendatnaz. 2. animal hair k'andazti There's lots of hair. K'andaz'i_ yan gilan. half k'ghun I finished half. K'ghun_g'ahdgheten, 2. half nishgugh I went half way. Nishqugh ninshyu. hammer miluduk A hammer is used to drive nails, Miluduk guzdi_ vet hninnelgheli.2. sledge hammer vet ktenlgheli Use a sledge hammer to split wood. Vez k'enlgheli chikta vet jadenit’esh. hand una W He has small hands. * Vegguna_denichek! handbag, purse uzkesa I forgot my handbag. Sh'utkesa ktuynidanlen. handle k!ten 2. axe handle duguli ten 3. (pot, bucket) handle duggel Make a wire handle on it. Luluga veduggela gizchi. hang higgezh he hung it nu: He hung the beaver. Chu ghin iyg'y nuyghiggezh. nughiktet! He's hanging by his feet. Dega t'uda nughik’et'. happy ginaghelnik They are happy- Qever ginaghelnik. 2. it's hanging hard dghelts'en It's too hard. K'idiki dghelts'en. 2. hardwood ggek I made a bow out of hardwood. Ggek dilani ts'izten zheichin. harlequin duck tusgettay harness k'enalya I will make eight harnesses. Btagilti_k'nalya Eetateshgh eshgnun. telgexi I mounted a harpoon. Telgexi_k'g'adgheshtun. 2. harpoon point k'duges I will make new harpoon points. Qtudidi k'duges tgheshghun. ish harpoon chi hat, cap He is wearing a red hat. Chik'ish dasdeli ndal'un. vak'dnatiy Do you like the visor cap? Vak'dnatiy chik'ish net yagnelt ar eli du? haul 2. visor cap you haul it up (in sled) tuzizghut 8 = 48You haul it all up. Tranch'g'u tuzitghut. have I have some. Shegh k'qil'an. hawk (rough legged), soaring hawk g'ulug'eya 2. bullet hawk genay he, him yin He went back. Yin k'i nutastnu. head k'tsi Give them (fish) heads. K'tsi_gevghunani'ux. his head vetsi heal nughedyagh He cut himself but it healed. Hulchet_hg'u nughedyagh. hear I hear gadak'deshnex Yes, I hear. Aa', qadak'deshnex. 2. he heard something gadak'daznex As he sat there, he heard something, Iy zdu_ch'g'u qadak'daznex. heart k'kuz'in Do you like the heart? K'kuz'in net yagheli du? heavy dghizduz My pack is heavy. Shghala dghitduz. heel -gantetl' This shoe has long heels. Yi se? k'idiki vegantetl' aghitnaz. help he's helping nunetuh He's helping his father. Detutda_nunetuh. here right here gusht'a Put it right here. Gusht'a nidanichi Gusht’a nidanichit. 2. vight here iygu Sit here by me. Iygu_sht'a shegh zidu. hiccups he hiccups yiz'eg! He hiccuped for two hours. Nutiha tsesi hgugh yeghitteq'.hide There's a hole right here. Gu_sht'a geghgidun. I hide x'dnazel'in 2. air hole (in ice) tudzel I hide away from them. Qevk'u_k'dnazeltin. I drove into an air hole. REEL Tudzel hg'ak'ghetghet. hillside genen 3. a hole that has been dug out I went up the hillside. hugulyy Qenen_huyeshyu. He fell in a hole (that was 2, side of the hill hnang' dug out). There is a trail on the side of the hill. holiday braznik Hnang' tinituns Tomorrow will be a holiday. 3. foothills dghili ken Tatqunda braznik htulat. 4. rolling hills eshjex holler I went among the hills. you're hollering nzhel Eshjex tuneshyu. Go ahead, keep hollering. y Ugha kisht'a nzhel. Su a he hollered ghizhel oe he's hollering nutijel 45 wotleimenae He kept hollering continuously. Nitghena sht'a nu'ijet. hoofs k'gaggena 1 hauled a hindguarter back (on a sled). Moose have hoofs. K'gakena_nunighet. eunda 4 k'gaggena_vegh 2. back part of hoof vutetl! hindquarter k'gakena hit he hit him (with his fist). Yenatjeh. hold A moose has as strong hoofs. K'uhda'i vutet1' daghiztey. hook ihshak I'm holding it i'eshten Hold ont Kisht'a inten! hole geghgidun Buy me some hooks. Ihshak shu ingat. 502. gaff hook gishehi Gaff hooks are used to bring in fish (from the bin). Qishehi tig'a vet nigalyaxi. guni I rode a horse (horse packed me around) . Guni_tuhshinighan. horse hot eva It's hot. Eva gilan hour one hour ts'etg'i tsesi One hour more till quitting time. Tsterg'i tsesi itu gtaghigheshtnuai. house geng'a I will see my house again. Shgeng'a nuhtenghel'ir. 2. squirrel camp brush house unsha geneh They make 2 brush house on the mountain (to hunt squirrels). Qunsha_geneh_hger< dgnilig 3. frame house hdghastltin east 51 e's building a frame house. Haghastl'in geng'a nigitux. how ndatich! How are you? Ndatich'g'u t'ent'a? nda'ich'g'u How did they call it? Nda‘ich'g'u_hyighizhin? shihdi? how how about me? How about me, how much is Shinai. ndahgugh? how much ndahgugh How much does it cost? Ndahgugh g'u dnikuh? huhdghutq’ un I came up on top of the hummock . Huhdghutq'un huyeshyy. hump k'yenghezha I shot the moose hump. Ktuhda'i_ktyenghezha hummock 2. hump ktyenghala hundred aghasd (one) hungry you are hungry dinchin Are you hungry? Nenk'i dinchin dit? I am hungry. Diteshchin. he's hungry dichin He's very hungry. Dichin gheli.they're hungry hdichin he got hurt dnasdu The kids came home and 3 they're hungry: Ch'g'ayna nugidatl' ch'u = nA I am hunting shtun'eshyu = He was working when he got hurt. Ghednuh shughu dnasdu. husband my husband shgen My husband is coming to us. Shgen nach' nughedyut. their husbands gevgenga I am hunting on the They have husbands. mountain. Qevgenga gilan. hilig' shtun'teshyu. her husband yegen I hunted, I went hunting shtunyeshyu 2. he's hunting k!igul'an He's hunting at sea. Nuti at ktiqultan. he hunted ktigughel'an » hurry ugha Jim is in a hurry. Jim ugha: yenizen. 2. hurry up! Ughasht ‘ay! burt it hurts’ egedu Did you get hurt? Egedu_zilan du? 52I pressure crack ice ten nanilu I drove across the pressure crack. Ten nanilu nuk'enighet. 2. ice is frozen on beach gravel gatigga'inghalten 3. clear ice, glare ice ten chtixa I played on the clear ice. Ten ch'ixa chighel'ul. 4, rotten ice ten tughetlag' 5. rough ice ten ghuzha There's too much rough ice. K'idiki ten ghuzha gilan. shell ice ten ziz There is shell ice. Ten ziz daztun. gat inghalten It's too icey. Ktidiki ga'inghalten. 7. it's icey ice cream (Indian) nivagi I like Salmon berry ice cream. K'engutl' nivagi shez yagheli. icky, icky food stuff dlah icon valesh There are lots of icons in the church. Silgu yuyeh valesh dnagheltta. 53 Iliamna Lake Nilavena imitate yeq' dudeli immediately incence inside 2+ inside it He imitates the robin. Katnay ghini yeq' dudeli. ughasht'a gheli I want it immediately. Ughasht'a gheli eee. ladan They burn incence in the church. Si 13 yuyeh ladan gtyderq*uh. yuyeh Go inside (the house). Yuyeh_nduninlggux. vigt It is roomy in the airplane. Nunujehi yig' gidaghitkugh. intelligence his intelligence, his mind veghuynisdi He has a nice intelligence, a good mind. Yaghelich' sht'a veghuynisdi gilan. intestines k'kuhyagh'a 2, intestines k'chundeyes Moose have large intestines. K'uhda'i_k'chundeyes dentkugh. ae large intestine k'chenichtik'a small intestine k'g'usa small intestines nitghuk' inghalch'ik'ainvite Let's invite him, too. J Yin k'i_un tch'dunini. iron it (clothes) cht inuzhitg'ush jacket yushlat Iron my shirt Shk'eg'da ch'inuzhizg'ush. island nit There is an island in the lake. Ven ni vatuz'un. Here's your jacket. Gindi nvushlat'a. 2. big island ni_cheh jam k'enkash Kodiak is a big island. I will make jam. Kodiak ni cheh nlan. K'enkash tghezchiz. 3. small island ni _gguya 2. berry jam giga nkash Tliamna lake has lots of jealous little islands. : Nilavena ni_gguya He is jealous. vatnaghelt a. yin k'i dugidezch'an. itch joke f he's itchy yin k'i_ghas he jokes chidudel He jokes with him. Yer chidudel'ul ao juice, pop gigatata ( John likes pop. John gigata'a vet yagheli. 84jump he jumped off hktutilchtetl' © CI He went to the edge and jumped off. iyudiyu ch'u hk'utilch'etl'. you jump up! nik'utinitlut Jump as high as you can. yYudeg gheli nik'utinitlut. You are jumping up. Nik'unu'inltlet. Keep on jumping. Kisht'a nik'unu'initlet. he jumped across nutilch'etL’ he jumps up nik‘unutilel junco (slate colored) ghundalggeyi This is a summer bird Vekay ghundalggeyi shanteh hggaggashI Sree juniper vekay shinttuna Juniper is used for medicine. Shint'una hudulyi gqeyul'ih. 55 K kayak vigidin keep He keeps sinew. key geluch I found some keys. Geluch i'eshlu- kick he kicked it yizter He kicked twice. Nutih sht'a yiztex. He kicked me. Shiztez. kidney k'jech'a They always fry the kidney. K'jech'a geytt'es ch'yan. k (old village) Qizhjeh kill they kill it (single animal) chigeydatyu They killed that moose. Kiuhda'i ghini chigeyda2yug. he killed it chiyedatyug he killed many animals chik'dett'ix Where he's staying, has he killed anything? Ty zdu _ghu chik'dett'ix du? they killed many things chihdghizt'ikThey killed them all. Ttanch'g'u_chihdghitt'ik. kind he is kind desghisen My lead dog is very kind. K'tsi et'ani tik'a jesgnisen. kindling hudult'ezhi You cut kindling. Huk'dizt'ish. kinglet (ruby crowned) deghgich S94 kiss da kiss me shiduch'aginittit It's my name day, kiss me. Jan _sh'izhi gilan, ghiduchtaginte' st it. kneel he kneeled gachishniyel He knelt down in church. Qachishniyel silgu yuyeh. 2. he is kneeling gachishghit'y knife ktizhagi 56 I have a knife. Ktizhagi shegh gilan. 2. round knife, ulu yvashla I will use an Indian knife. Vashla_ghutdghett'al. kliva ktizhaga Where is the bread knife? Ent'i kliva k'izhaga ghini? 4, crooked knife for whittling ghelghet'i He's whittling with a crooked knife. Ghelghet'i et k'eshax. 3. bread knife 5. fleshing knife tuk'eltseyi It is good to use a dull fleshing knife. Ch'daghizyani vez tuk'eltseyi yan yagheli. 6. table knife masla k'izhaga Pass the butter knife. Masla k'izhaga ghin tsa'i. knitting ch'k'tl'iyi I like to knit. Ch'k'tl'iyi shez yagheli. anizjeg' knock on door dnizjeg' know vet knock I know it git'atideshni I know it's that way. Igech' t'ent'ach' ae etatidéshni.L venvunu lake ven 2, lakeshore I went around the shoreline. Venvunu nigadayeshyu. 3. among the lakes venteh He went to the lakes. Venteh tazyu. 4. lake outlet g'estsig! I will go down to the lake outlet. Qtestsig' nishtghigheshnex. lamb ktyishga I saw a little lamb. K'yishga gguya nghei'an. land einen I have a land. Etnen shegh gilan. Dena'ina country, Tanaina land Dena'ina eznena it landed (airplane, bird) nugheltlet He will land on the lake with an airplane. Veng' nunujehi et nutultlez. He landed with a boat. Vargas at nigaghaninik. language genaga We're learning our language. Nagenaga duch'deldih. my language shgenaga 57 last undat I will sing last. Undat_g'u k'edgheshlit. laugh you laugh nk'idleq' Go ahead and laugh. Ugha nktidleg'. you will laugh nk'tghidleg! you laughed nk'ghindleg' lava dnighig'uni_gatnigi lazy Iam lazy ch'qideshtnik Today I am lazy. Qtudi jan ch'gideshtnik. 2. I've gotten lazy. Ch'gidayeshtnex. lead lead him there yeh _nittax Lead him to the place. Iyghu nittax. lead line duyeh vetsiteh'i leak it leaks ‘nutughizen My house leaks. Shgeng'a nutughizten. lean it's leaning tig'esnaz'uThe tree is leaning over the I saved some caribou trail. leggings. — Ch'vala tinitun hg'echt K'dzayes nidanshlu. tigresnaz'u. lichen k!tudyi 2. brush lean-to skihdulchin I slept in a brush lean-to. Skihdulchin nitdanshtun, learn we are learning duch'deldih We stay in school and learn. Shgul ch'dalts'i ha_duch*deldih. 2. he is learning duhdeldih leave leave it go uheh'u I will leave it go for now. Uhch'u_tghesiz. 2. leave me alone shdichit leave me alone I said to you. Shdichit ne2 deshn 3. he left me alone shdghichet leaves vet'una I picked alder leaves. Qeng'eya t'una t'ghet'an. left-handed tl'egheshch'en He works doing things left-handed. Tl'egheshch'en yan ghetnu. zgakena He has long legs Veqakena_den2naz leggings (caribou) k'dzayes leg 58 Lichen is caribou food. Ktudyi vejex yelgedi shi'i. lick he licks it yeits'ah lick it (in the face) nitts'ah lie 2. 3. he tells lies ch'ingiya He lies well. Qighishin ch'ingiya. I lie, I tell lies. Gheshch'it. He's a liar. Ch'in degighitya. lift you lift it up nik'ughinikit Lift the sled up. etl ghin nik'ughinlkit. light 2. a light is moving dutt'uk The airplane light is moving. Nunujehi_nanegga duzt'ut. Light the lamp. Naneg yidinttlut. light weight dghitjag My pack is light. Shghala dghitjaq.lightning lightning strikes nugende?dat Lightening is striking. Nexteni nugendetda?. like I like it she? yagheli I like my village. Shgayeh shel yagheli. you like it net yagheli Do you like it? Nez yagheli du? he likes it yet yagheli lily (water) galttatsta This is a poison plant. Yi gini dentyahi yat nlan. Lime Village Hek'dichen Hdakaq' ktitenghet'es Iwill not use my dog because he limps. Shlik'a k'itenghet'es ghuda ench'u_veghutdzgheit'al. ~duyeta Limp lips 59 It has lips. Veduveta k'i gilan. listen listen to me gadashdinex sten to me talk. Qadashdinex geshnax gi gadak'dinex listen to it little -shla She has a little child (a baby). Vegguyashla gilan. little you nenshla 2. little gguya anything that is little ttanch'g'u denk'ezchek* neue qilan live it lives genex He still lives. Ts'ig'u_genex. liver kiezet’ I like fried liver. Ktezet' ztta'ti shez yagheli. dazdluyi We have'a heavy load. Nadazdluyi at'itduz. dach'ezdluya loche, ling cod, burbot ch’ unya I like ling cod liver. Ch'unya _zet' she2_yagheli. nitt'ehghilgheti load 2. overload lockI put a lock on it. I looked at it. Niztt'ehghilghezi gegh K'denghel'an. nidanshchet. lose lodge, den k'gan I lost my key. There are lots of lodges Shgeluja shtudalen. (dens). K'gan dnaghelt'a. 2. I lost my keys. (pl Shgeluja shtutil'eg logs sdina ree lot We cut logs. Sdina ch'ghitsatl'. lots, there are lots anaghelt'a lonely genayeh loud dusag'daghitkugh He ‘stays alone and he is lonely. love dyinaghisen Udiyan zdu_ch'g'y genayeh nian. He is always in love. Yen ghun dyinaghisen. long dghitnaz low duyeh The canoe is long and it's good. It's too low. Vang'ashli dghitnaz ch'u Ktidiki duyeh t'ent'a. yagheli. 2. low water htidulen 2. a long time ago g'et' gtu long johns yashdanik The creek has low water. Ktetnu _gguya htidulen- Long johns are used in winter only. lumber ditali Heyteh_yan geyghude2t'ah deundante Guin We sawed lumber. Ditali ch'dghit'uts'. lying iH look you look at it nint'an ; he is lying down ztan Look at what he's doing. Ninz'an ghu t'an ch'a. I'm looking at it. 2. I'm watching, looking at it wktdeni' an I'm watching them playing ball. Angga_e2 chigel'ul Sait 60Dad is lying down. Dada k'i ztans he was lying down ghita 2. dead one is lying itan It's lying dead in the brush, Chtetl' teh ghu ztan. lynx kazhna I saw lynx tracks. Kazhnag'_genghez'an. 61 M shich'duhdene mad I am mad Today I am mad. Jan gv shich'duhdene. I was mad shich'duhdghine ghinti There are lots of maggots in the summer. Ghin'i shanteh dnilt'ax. maggots magnifying glass, microscope vig'k'itkehi Look in the magnifying glass. Vig'ktizkeni yigq' hnint'an. magpie g'ahtghal'a: The magpies are pretty birds. Q*ahtghal'ay ghini denshin. make he made it yi2chin He made a good skiff. Yagheli vargas zchin.man, middle-aged man he'll make it yetuzchit we'll make it (single object) ch'k' tuzchit We will make the one like it. Veg" _ch'k'tutchit. we made it like it ch'k'etchin veq' I made it ghezchin they made it geyitchin they will make it geytutchiz we made it ch'eichin We made it together. Ts'it q'u ch'etchini shi. he made several things yeghighun She made boots for me. Set shu ghighun. Se gee eeoge reat eee delghesh Ducks are quacking, making noise. Jija delghesh. he's making strips of leather (snowshoe laces) nuk'entseq' That guy is making strips of leather. Yin ghun k'i nuk'entseg'. niushen He is a middle-aged man. Ntushen nian. boy, young man That is a nice young man. Yin ghun yagheli kiz. 3. men (three or four) ntushna They are men, 4. youth, young men (three or four) kizga they are all young men. Tlanch'g'u kitga gilan. marry get married hni'idyu My son got married. Shey'a hni'iayu. marten ktecheghuxa 2. marten bone needle heshgi cheg'a They used to make marten bone needles. Heshgi cheg'a tl'ungin geyghizchigr. vahnidghitiy The mast broke. Vahnidghi'iy k'dadghetl'. match dig'ushi mast ————— Do you have any matches? Dig'ushf negh gilan du? az mattress 622. caribou skin mattress melt it's melting idghalze: vejex yes tat 3. my mattress shtala maybe henda I might go tomorrow. Henda tatqunda nutgheshdnaz. mean he is mean k'ch'nat'a My dog is mean. th is melting. Shlik'a k'ch'natta. hah Taghalzex. Nzhah idghalzex. it melted idghalen meat k'tsen Evegen nagh nugiadian. bac ebeoer eee 2. dried meat k'tsen zggeni The red breasted merganser ELE SESSLER waoners, Baggs ESE woman 3. partly dry meat messy ch'hudetnik' va'ighazggeni - He too is messy. 4, flank meat k'quggex Yin k'i_ch'hudetnik'. Flank meat makes good soup. —miadie tayang! K'quggex k'ta'a nlanch* yagheli. I sat in the middle, Tayang' sht'a gheshdu. 2. middle of the year jaghidag 5S. rare meat veg'en zttati Lots of people like half rare meat. It is the middle of winter. Dnaghelt'ana veg'en zt'ati Nishqugh heyi jaghidagq. Fresen geval yaghetrs SEshaugh heys Jaghidag. milk milugu medicine hudulyi 2. medicine man el'egen Is there any milk? Milugu gilan du? milky way k'uzhaghaten Fea eaten iY tun. meet I'll meet you at the ariport. : Nunuk' enjeh mind k'ghuynisdi nttuyitidigheshyuz. 63Anyone with a good mind is money smart K'ghuynisdi vegh gilana, his money vedinga hyugetTan- ef He's got no money. mink taktich'a, tachtich'a Vedinga gisen. Mink is brown. moon gheljayi Tak'ich'a tach qilt'an. 2. full moon n'uyi_q’anghalyun mirage buhyishghidag 3. half moon k'g'ezhch'ten Today there is a mirage on ntuyi the lake. : gangu_veng' huhyishghidag. There is a half moon. N'uyi nishgugh hdedghidlut'. mirror zhilgana 4. new moon k'itun Look at yourself in the mirror. There is a-new moon. Zhilgana yig' huninl'an. Nata ktitun. mischievous moose k'uhda'i he's mischievous We saw a moose. ch!ighaghite Ktuhda'i ch'eghit'an. He gets into mischief. Yin gun ch'ighaghite. moose bell -geig'ta The moose has a bell or tie miss veg'ananshtun (hanging below his neck). Ktuhda'i vegetg'a gilan. I miss my friend. Shida _veg'ananshtun. 3. bull moose k'tiya mistake mistakenly, wrongly igilch' I made it wrong. I made a mistake. Igilech' g'u zhetchin. mold hun It got full of mold. fun yan egsian. I want bull moose meat. mom ena Ktuhda'i k'tiya tsen iguyneszen. Are you alright, Mom? 4. cow moose deyuzhi Ena _yagheli du? 2. my mother shuntda more Alright some more. 64 ‘Ugha _kishtta. kisht’amorning gtut'un 3. swamp moss nan shnetl! I will go out in the There is too much swamp morning. moss. Q'ut'unda hch'atgheshyuz. K'idiki nan shnetl' gilan. 2. morning time, mornings i tut! 4. water moss tutsadi, giuttunteh tuitsadi He gets up early in the Aether morning. Qtuttunteh g'u ts'azet. early in the morning gtut'unsht'a month ntuyi There are twelve months. Nutiha veg'di n'uyi gilan. mortar and pestle vak'detq'uhi tobacco grinder davak vak'detq'uhi mosquito naldati my mother shuntda There are lots of his mother duntda mosquitoes. Naldati dnaghelt'a. She likes her mother. Duntda vet yagheli. sy mountain dghili moss nan we have lots of mountains. Dghili naz dnaghelt'a. y ~ ES, Sy [ / »)} + mountain range dghili Cs ae diy, dnanilu 3. jagged mountain peaks : ktenteh We used moss to chink log eae houses. I hunted sheep on this Qeng'a nan et mountain peak. nuch*hagherchih. Ktenteh tuhenshyu nudyi igu. 2. white moss nanggeya 4, mountain pass hggezh White moss is good medicine There is a trail through the (for fresh cuts, wounds). mountain pass. Nanggeya yagheli hudulyi Hggezh tighitun. nian. 5. mountain side dghili nang’ 65mountain ash shishgguna, vinik ahi They pick mountain ash leaves for winter. Shishgguna t'una nihdetix. mouse dlinta There are lots of little mice. Dlin'a gguya dnaghelt'a. kendekggeyi This mouse is not seen very often. Kendelggeyi nitk'enteh yan ae scoheeerereeeeeeeemeneeeeneeed 2. brown lemming move I am moving teshnax Today I am moving (leaving). Q'udigu jan teshnax shit. movie ch'dniltani I'm watching a movie. Ch'dnil'ani nez'an. 2. Iwill move fgheshnat mud tak'inshtleg'a Smear it with mud. Tak'inshtleg'a ga Tighasieton. 2. mud zach mussel There is a lot of mud on the beach. Tuvugh gu k'i_ zach aqniteagh. Mulchatna River Vatts'atnag' music denldemi I will play music. Denldemi et chitghel'ul. musician k'denidemen The musician came. K'denzdemen niyu. 2. he played music k'denghitdem mushroom gadniltuti They eat certain mushrooms. Qadniltuti k'i geyelget. muskrat tutchuda Muskrat is high priced. Tuzchuda dnazkeh. ggavila Ducks like to eat these lake clams. Jija yelgedi_ggavila.N nail guzdi Drive some nails. Guzdi_hninnitghel. naked k jet Hits naked. Ktidet ttent'a napkin (cloth) luhdeltlidi Here's a cloth napkin. Luhdeltlidi gindi. narrow it's narrow dghitdit My sled is too narrow. Shghedla k'idiki dghitdit. native Dena'ina I’m a Dena*ina Native. Dena'ina eshlan. near near him vezhex Sit near me. Shzhex gu nitsut. neat be neat hudintnex You be very neat. Yaghelich' sht'a hudintnex. neck it's neck veg'es 67 The swan has a long neck. Tava veq'es dghitnaz. garasduk He has a tie on. Garasduk it'k'isen. necktie need I'll need that. ¥ik'i veghudghe2t! at. needle tl'ungin I want three corner needles. Tl'ungin dghelvazhi iquyneszin. 2. needle case tltungiyesa I have a needle case. Tl'ungiyesa_shegh gilan. 3. crochet needle I found a crochet needle. Vet ktetl'iyi i'eshtun. tltineh vex 4. eye of needle Thread this needle for me. Shu tl'ineh k'naniggash. snowshoe needle (to fill snowshoes) ush quves They used to make lots of snowshoe needles. Ush_guves dnaghelt'ah sht'a geyeqnun un a needlefish, stickleback dghezhay Stickleback is like a fingerling (baby fish). Dghezhay tuyiga g'u q'entta. eytutna I will go over to the neighbors. Ey‘utnach' tgheshyuz. neighbors