 SUMMARIZE WRITTEN TEXT #1

There are times when the night sky glows with bands of color. The bands may begin as cloud
hapes and then spread into a great arc across the entire sky. They may fall in folds like a curtain
drawn across the heavens. The lights usually grow brighter, then suddenly dim. During this time
the sky glows with pale yellow, pink, green, violet, blue, and red. These lights are called the
Aurora Borealis. Some people call them the Northern Lights. Scientists have been watching them
for hundreds of years. They are not quite sure what causes them. In ancient times Long Beach
City College WRSC people were afraid of the Lights. They imagined that they saw fiery dragons
in the sky. Some even concluded that the heavens were on fire.

 SUMMARIZE WRITTEN TEXT #2

Electric trolley cars or trams were once the chief mode of public transportation in the United
States. Though they required tracks and electric cables to run, these trolley cars were clean and
comfortable. In 1922, auto manufacturer General Motors created a special unit to replace electric
trolleys with cars, trucks, and buses. Over the next decade, this group successfully lobbied for
laws and regulations that made operating trams more difficult and less profitable. In 1936
General Motors created several front companies for the purpose of purchasing and dismantling
the trolley car system. They received substantial investments from Firestone Tire, Standard Oil
of California, Phillips Petroleum, and other parties invested in the automotive industry. Some
people suspect that these parties wanted to replace trolley cars with buses to make public
transportation less desirable, which would then increase automobile sales. The decline of the
tram system in North America could be attributed to many things—labor strikes, the Great
Depression, regulations that were unfavorable to operators—but perhaps the primary cause was
having a group of powerful men from rival sectors of the auto industry working together to
ensure its destruction.

 SUMMARIZE WRITTEN TEXT #3

Ninjas used many different tools and weapons to get the job done: throwing stars, bows, acid-
spurting tubes to name a few, but the favorite weapon of most ninjas was probably the katana.
The katana is a long, curved sword with a single blade and a long grip to accommodate two
hands. This sword was often carried in a sheath or scabbard on the ninja’s back. Though the
sword was primarily used for fighting and killing, the scabbard served a number of purposes too.
The ninja could remove the sword, angle the scabbard against a wall, and use it to climb to a
higher place. Or, while stealthy negotiating their way through a dark place (such as an enemy’s
residence at night), ninjas may have used the scabbard as a walking stick, feeling or probing their
way around objects so as not to knock into anything and alert the enemy. Perhaps the ninja’s
most sinister use of the scabbard was to put a mixture of red pepper, dirt, and iron shavings at the
top of the scabbard, so that when the ninja drew his sword, his opponent would be blinded. I
wonder what a ninja could have done with a Swiss Army knife.
 SUMMARIZE WRITTEN TEXT #4

As today’s bride and groom celebrate their wedding, they have every excuse for being nervous.
They exchange promises of lifelong fidelity and mutual support. However, all around them, they
can see that many people do not and cannot keep these promises. Their own marriage has a one
in three chance of divorce, if present tendencies continue. Traditional marriage is facing a crisis,
at least in Britain. Not only are there more and more divorces, but the number of marriages is
falling. Living together is more popular than before. The family is now no longer one man, one
woman and their children. Instead, there are more and more families which include parents, half
sisters and brothers, or even only one parent on her / his own. Although Britain is still
conservative in its attitudes to marriage compared with other countries such as the USA, Sweden
and Denmark, the future will probably see many more people living together before marriage –
and more divorce. Interestingly, it is women rather than men who apply for divorce. Seven out of
ten divorces are given to the wife. Also, one of the main reasons for divorce, chosen by ten times
more women than men, is unreasonable or cruel behavior. Perhaps this means that women will
tolerate less than they used to.

SUMMARIES

 Summary #1: The Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, are bands of color in the night sky.
Ancient people thought that these lights were dragon on fire, and even modern scientists are
not sure what they are.
 Summary #2: This passage is about how many large companies that served the automotive
market conspired to dismantle the electric trolley car system and replace them with less
desirable buses.
 Summary #3: The katana was a powerful fighting sword, but the scabbard had additional
uses as a climbing tool, a probing tool, and a blinding weapon.
 Summary #4: Although Britain is still conservative in its attitudes to marriage, the future will
probably see many more people living together before marriage – and more divorce.