Cam b r id g e

Essentiat
Grammar
in Use
A self-study reference and practice book
for elementary learners of English

Fourth Edition
with answers

Raymond Murphy
Unit
18 How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4)
Helen is on holiday in Ireland.
She is there now.
She arrived in Ireland on Monday.
Today is Thursday.
How long has she been in Ireland?
since Monday.
She has been in Ireland
for three days.
Compare is and has been:
She has been in Ireland
Monday
Compare:
present simple
Dan and Kate are married.
Are you married?
Do you know Lisa?
I know Lisa.
Vicky lives in London.
I have a car.
present continuous
I'm learning German.
David is watching TV.
It's raining.
( for and since 4 Units 19,104
She is in Ireland is = present
now.
since Monday,
has been = present perfect
for three days.
now
Thursday
present perfect simple (have been / have lived / have known etc.)
They have been married for five years.
(not They are married for five years.)
How long have you been married?
(not How long are you married?)
How long have you known her?
(not How long do you know her?)
I've known her for a long time.
(not I know her f o r ...)
How long has she lived in London?
She has lived there all her life.
How long have you had your car?
I've had it since April.
present perfect continuous (have been + -ing)
How long have you been learning German?
(not How long are you learning German?)
I've been learning German for two years.
How long has he been watching TV?
He's been (= He has been) watching T V since 5 o'clock.
It's been (= It has been) raining all day.
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Exercises
I Q ) Complete these sentences.
1 Helen is in Ireland S h e has been in Ireland since Monday.
2 I know Lisa. I have known her for a long time.
3 Sarah and Andy are married. T h e y ................................................................ married since 2005.
4 Ben is ill. H e ................................................................ ill for the last few days.
5 We live in Scott Road. W e ................................................................there for a long time.
6 Catherine works in a bank. S h e ................................................................there for five years.
7 Alan has a headache. H e a headache since he got up this morning.
8 I'm learning English. I ................................................................ English for six months.

< f g j Make questions with How lo n g .

lo o k at the pictures and complete the sentences with:

for ten minutes all day all her life

for ten years since he was 20 since Sunday

1 Thay have.been marrjed.for.i^nyears...............................................................................................

2 S h e ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 T h e y .................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 The su n ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
5 S h e ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 H e ......................................................................................................................................................................................................

w h ic h is right?
1 M ark liv e s / has lived in Canada since April, ( has lived is right)
2 Jane and I are friends. I know / I've known her very well.
3 Jane and I are friends. I know / I've known her for a long time.
4 a: Sorry I'm late. How long are you waiting/ have you been waiting?
b: Not long. Only five minutes.
5 Luke works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot.
6 Ruth is reading a newspaper. She is reading / She has been reading it for two hours.
7 'How long do you live / have you lived in this house?' A bout ten years.'
8 'Is that a new coat?' 'No, I have / I've had this coat for a long time.'
9 Tom is / has been in Spain at the moment. He is / He has been there for the last three days.