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CLAUSES AFTER AS IF, AS THOUGH, IT’S (HIGH) TIME,

WOULD RATHER.

I. Clause after AS IF, AS THOUGH:


* AS IF, AS THOUGH có nghĩa là “như thể, dường như”
* Hai từ nối trên đứng trước một mệnh đề chỉ một điều:+ có thể xảy ra ở hiện
tại, +1 điều không thật hoặc trái với thực tế ở hiện tại và +1 điều không thật
hoặc trái với thực tế ở Quá khứ.
* Form:
1. Chỉ hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
S1 + V1(present simple) + as if /as though S2 + V2(present: thường là thì htđ/ httd)
Eg: Do you see the man overthere? He is wearing misteriously. He looks as if he
is a detective
2. chỉ hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
S1 + V1(present simple) + as if /as though S2 + V2 past subjunctive (Vqkd/ were cho all
ngôi).
Past subjunctive: là dạng thì không có thật trong quá khứ: Vquá khú đơn/
were
Eg: The old lady(S1) dresses(V1: HTD) as if it(S2) were winter even in the
summer (It is not winter).
+ She walks-> HTĐ-> TG ở hiện tại as though she studied modeling. (She didn’t
study modeling).
+ He acts-> HTĐ as though he were rich. (He is not rich).

3. Chỉ hành động không có thật ở quá khứ


S1 + V1(past) + as if /as though S2 + V2 qkht (had + V-ed/ (pp)).
(Nếu chỉ một hành động xãy ra trước hành động ở mệnh đề chính)

Eg: + Tom looked -> tg ở quá khứ very tired as if he had worked very hard.
+ The child ate as though he had been hungry for a long time.
+ He looked as if he hadn’t taken a bath for month.
Note: Past Subjunctive (quá khứ giả định) có hình thức giống thì Simple Past
nhưng với động từ TO BE thì phải đổi thành WERE cho tất cả các ngôi.
- Past Perfect Subjunctive (quá khứ hoàn thành giả định) có hình thức giống thì
Past perfect.
Chốt: khi thấy S1 + V1 (Hiện tại) => S2 + V2(HT/QK)
Khi thấy S1 + V1( Qúa khứ)=> S2 + V2(QKHT)

II. Clauses after IT’S TIME, IT’S HIGH TIME:


* It’s time/ It’s high time có nghĩa là “đã tới lúc” để diễn tả thời gian mà một việc
nên được làm ngay.
1. Được theo sau bởi thì quá khứ đơn nhưng lại mang nghĩa hiện tại:
Form: It’s time/ It’s high time + S + V qkd (be: were).

Eg: + It’s time you started to work.


+ It’s high time we set(qk) out.
+ It’s time we received our lesson.

2/ hoặc được theo sau bởi 1 động từ nguyên mẫu có ‘to’


Form: It’s time/ It’s high time + (for + O) + to V(infinitive).

Eg: + It’s time for her to go to bed. = It’s time she went to bed
+ It’s time to buy a car. = It’s time we bought a car
3. Clauses after WOULD RATHER:

would rather .... than cũng có nghĩa giống như prefer .... to (thích hơn)
nhưng ngữ pháp lại không giống. Đằng sau would rather bắt buộc phải là một
động từ nguyên thể không có to nhưng sau prefer là một V-ing hoặc một danh từ.
Khi so sánh hai vế, would rather dùng với than còn prefer dùng với to.

We would rather die in freedom than live in slavery.


I would rather drink Coca than Pepsi.
I prefer drinking Coca to drinking Pepsi.
I prefer Coca to Pepsi.

Cách sử dụng would rather phụ thuộc vào số lượng chủ ngữ của câu cũng như
thời của câu.

1. Loại câu có một chủ ngữ

Loại câu này dùng would rather ... (than) là loại câu diễn tả sự mong muốn hay
ước muốn của một người và chia làm 2 thì:

1.1 mong muốn ở hiện tại, tương lai:

Sau would rather là nguyên thể không to. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt
not trước nguyên thể và không to.

S + would rather + [Vo to] ...

Jim would rather go to class tomorrow than today.


V nguyên mẫu có to : to V. vd: to learn, to like
V nguyên mẫu k to: V. vd: learn, like

Jim would rather not go to class tomorrow.

1.2 Mong muốn ở quá khứ: = wish

Động từ sau would rather phải là have + P2, nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt
not trước have.

S + would rather + have + Vpp

Jim would rather have gone to class yesterday than today.

Jim would rather not have gone to the class yesterday.

CHỐT: Khi S + would rather + V=> V có 2 khả năng: (Vo to-> hiện tại)/
V( have Vpp => quá khứ)

2 Loại câu có hai chủ ngữ

Loại câu này dùng would rather (that) (ước gì, mong gì) và dùng trong một số
trường hợp sau:

2.1 Câu cầu kiến ở hiện tại (present subjunctive):

Là loại câu người thứ nhất muốn người thứ hai làm việc gì (nhưng làm hay
không còn phụ thuộc vào người thứ hai). Trong trường hợp này động từ ở mệnh
đề hai để ở dạng nguyên thể không to cho tất cả các ngôi. Nếu muốn thành lập
thể phủ định đặt not trước nguyên thể không to.

S1 + would rather (that) + S2 + (not) V2( o to cho all


các ngôi) ...

I would rather that he (call) => call me tomorrow.

He would rather that I not take this train.

Ngữ pháp nói ngày nay đặc biệt là ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép bỏ that trong cấu trúc
này mà vẫn giữ nguyên hình thức giả định.

2.2 Câu giả định đối lập với thực tế ở hiện tại
Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai sẽ chia ở simple past, to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các
ngôi.

S1 + would rather that + S2 + Vqkđ/ be: were

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does.

(His girlfriend does not work in the same department)

Jane would rather that it were winter now. (Infact, it is not winter now)

Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng didn't + verb hoặc were not sau chủ ngữ
hai.

Henry would rather that his girlfriend didn’t work in the same department as he
does.
Jane would rather that it were not winter now.

2.3 Câu giả định trái ngược với thực tế ở quá khứ

Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai sẽ chia ở dạng past perfect. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ
định dùng hadn't + P2.

S1 + would rather that + S2 + Vpast perfect ...

Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday.

(Jill did not go to class yesterday)


Bill would rather that his wife hadn’t divorced him.

Lưu ý: Trong văn nói bình thường hàng ngày người ta dùng wish thay cho would
rather that.

CHỐT: Khi would rather đi với 2 S => có 2 khả năng xảy ra

- k/năng1: khi S1 mong S2 làm gì ( làm hay k tùy S2) => V2: Vo to/ not Vo to

- K/năng2: Khi S1 ước 1 điều trái vs thực tế ở hiện tại => V2 : qkđ/ were

- Khả năng 3: khi S1 ước 1 điều trái vs thực tế ở quá khứ => V2 : qkht

CHÚ Ý:
Giả định: 03 loại

Loại 1: những điều có thể xảy ra ở ht/tl( câu đk loại 1, wish/ if only +
would/could, would rather + V 0 to, as if/ as though + Vht), it’s time +Vqkđ

Loại 2: những điều trái ngược vs thực tế ở hiện tại ( Câu đk loại 2/ wish/ if
only/would rather / as if/ as though + Vpast subjunctive(V: qkd/ be : were)

Loại 3: những điều trái ngược vs thực tế ở quá khứ ( Câu đk loại 3/ wish/ if
only/would rather / as if/ as though + Vpast perfect subjunctive(V: qkht)

4. EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Supply the correct forms of the verbs in brackets:
1. we would rather (stay) ......stay........ home tonight.
2. Mr Jones would rather (stay).....have stayed........ home last night.
3. We would rather(drink) drink coffee than tea.
4. The photographer would rather that we (stand) stood closer together than we
are standing.
5. Carmen would rather (cook) cooked for the entire family.
6. She would rather you (not arrive) hadn’t arrived. last night.
7. John would rather he (sleep) ...had slept............ than worked last night.
8. George would rather he (be) be free tomorrow.
9. Mary would rather that she (not, fail) hadn’t failed the test yesterday.
10. I would rather that I (had invited) had invited her to my birthday party last
Sunday.
11. Henry talks to his dog as if it (understood) understood him.
12. It’s time we all (go) went now.
13. I’d rather he (go) went now.
14. He acts(ht) as if he (know) .........knew........ English perfectly.
15. It’s high time you (get) got the tea ready.
16. I’d rather you (pay) paid me now.
17. It’s high time you (have) had a haircut.
18. He was wet as if he (swim) had swum for hours.
19. She acted as if she (meet) .......had met............ him before.
20. Jack spent his money as if he (win) had won a lottery.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words given:
Tình huống -> giả định
hiện tại -> loại 1 ( có thật/ có thể xảy ra)
-> loại 2 ( k có thật ở hiện tại/ k thể xảy ra)
Quá khứ -> loại 3
Dựa vào thì của V -> tình huống là ở HT/QK
nếu viết câu giả định loại 1 thì vẫn giữ nguyên dạng KĐ/PĐ của tình huống
nếu viết câu giả định loại 2,3 thì phải đảo ngược dạng of ĐT ( PĐ-> KĐ, KĐ-
>PĐ) trừ cấu trúc as if/ as though

1. My head seems to be on fire now.


- I feel as if my head were on fire now
2. I had a feeling that I was walking in the air.
- I felt as though I had been walking in the air
3. Bill doesn’t work hard.
- I’d rather Bill worked hard
4. He drives too fast.
- I’d rather he drove more slowly
5. He didn’t want to pay his debts.
- I’d rather he had wanted to pay his debts
6. He spent his money like a prince.
- He spent his money as if he were a prince
7. You speak like a prophet.
- You speak as if you were a prophet
8. We must set out, it is a little late.
- It’s high time we set out
9. You should review your lessons for the exams.
- It’s time for you to review your lessons for the exams
- It’s time you reviewed your lessons
10. He smokes a great deal. I’d like he gives up smoking.
- I’d rather he gave up smoking
11. She pretended ( giả bộ , giả vờ) not to know me.
- She looked as if she hadn’t known me
12. He should call me on the phone.
- It’s time he called me on the phone
13. We must start working now.
- It’s high time we to start working now
14. She made up like an actress.
- She made up as if she were an actress
15. She cried like a baby.
- she cried as though she had been a baby
16. They talk like kings.
- They talk as if they were Kings
17. We should solve this problem.
- It’s time we solved this problem
18. Mary dresses up like a queen.
- Mary dresses up as if she were a queen
19. She talks too much.
- I’d rather she didn’t talk too much
20. He’ll come to my house tonight.
- I’d rather he came to my house tonight
Ex 4. Choose the correct answer.
2. I would rather he…………….her to his birthday party last Sunday.
a. have invited b. had invited c. invited d. would invited
3.We’d better take an umbrella with us because it looks as if
it……………………..
a. is going to rain b. would rain c. is raining d. rained
4. It’s time we all…………….now.
a. had gone b. go c. should go d. went
5. It’s high time you…………………the tea ready.
a. have got b. got c. get d. had got
6. I don’t like Nick. He talks as if he………………..everything.
a. knew b. had known c. knows d. will know
7. I’d rather you……………me now.
a. had paid b. is paying c. paid d. pay
8. You’re very selfish. It’s high time you…..…..that you’re not the most
important person in the world
a. realize b. had realized c. have realized d. realized
9. When I told them my plan, they looked at me as if i……………mad.
a. was b. am c.had been d. will be
10. Jack spent his money as if he……………….a lottery.
a. won b. had won c. has won d. wins
11. Peter would rather………………on a mattress than on the floor.
a. to sleep b. sleeping c. sleep d. have slept
12. The medicine made me feel dizzy. I felt as though the
room…………….around and around.
a. were spinning/had been spinning b. will spin c. spins d. is spinning
13. It’s time for everybody………………..to bed.
a. go b. to go c. goes d. went
14. Did you go to the concert last night? – Yes, but I’d rather ……………..to the
concert.
a. not go b. haven’t gone c. not have gone d. not had gone
15. It was so quiet that it seemed as if the earth………………..
a. had stopped b. would stop c. stopped d. had been stopped
Có 1 S
S + would rather + (not)Vo to (than+ Voto)-> hiện tại
+ (not) have Vpp (than + Vpp)-> Quá khứ
Có 2 S
S1 + would rather S2 + (not) Vo to -> cầu khiến
+ V qkđ/be: were -> trái vs hiện tại
+ V qkht-> trái vs qk

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