TYPES OF POLYMER:

 Natural Polymers
- occur in nature and can be extracted
- are defined as materials that widely occur in nature or are extracted from plants or animals
- are essential to daily life as our human forms are based on them

Polymers Monomers Functions

Nucleic acids Nucleotides DNA carries genetic
information which is read
in cells to make the RNA
and proteins by which
living things function.
The primary function of
RNA is to create proteins
via translation.
Starch Glucose Starch is a carbohydrate
and a natural component of
most plants, including
fruits, vegetables, and
grains. Starchy foods are
an essential part of a
balanced diet, as they
provide energy, fiber, and a
sense of fullness.
Proteins Amino acids Proteins are responsible for
nearly every task of
cellular life, including cell
shape and inner
organization, product
manufacture and waste
cleanup, and routine
maintenance. Proteins also
receive signals from
outside the cell and
 mobilize intracellular
response.
Synthetic Polymers
- are derived from petroleum oil, and made by scientists and engineers
- can be classified as thermoplastics and thermosets

Examples:
Polymers Monomers Functions
Polyester 1,3-propanediol and The most common application
terephthalic acid of polyester is in fabrics. It is
an ideal fabric as it both
breathable and stain-resistant.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Vinyl chloride PVC helps conserve energy
and water by creating virtually
leak-free pipes that are not
prone to corrosion and resist
environmental stress.

Epoxy Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol Epoxy resin is for adhesive

A purposes.
Physical Properties

- As chain length and cross-linking increase, the tensile strength of the polymer increases.
- Polymers do not melt, and they change state from crystalline to semi-crystalline.

Chemical Properties

- Compared to conventional molecules with different side molecules, the polymer is enabled by
hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding resulting in better cross-linking strength.
- Dipole-dipole bonding side chains enable the polymer for high flexibility.
- Polymers with Van der Waals forces linking chains are known to be weak but give the polymer a
low melting point.

Optical Properties

- Due to their ability to change their refractive index with temperature, as in the case of PMMA and
HEMA: MMA, they are used in lasers for applications in spectroscopy and analytical applications.