CHAPTER 8 – THE POLITICAL SELF
Also, they’re
Filipino Values, Traits, Beliefs and Practices
Filipino value system or FILIPINO VALUES refers
to the set of values that a majority of the
Filipino have historically held important in their
lives.
It includes their own UNIQUE assemblage of
consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical
practices, etiquette and cultural and personal
values that are promoted by their society.
It is rooted primarily in personal alliance
systems, especially those based in kinship,
obligation, friendship, religion (particularly
Christianity) and commercial relationships.
Social
Behavior
FILIPINO VALUES
Family - The family is at the center of the
Filipino community. Children are not expected
to leave their parents’ house until they
themselves get married; and even after then,
many couples opt to stay with or close to their
or their spouse’s parents.
expected to care for their ageing parents
instead of sending them to a retirement home.
This is why it’s common to see different
generations or multiple families living in a single
residence. The value that Filipinos put into
caring for one’s family can also be seen as one
of the reasons why nurses and caregivers from
the country provide their patients and clients
with a high level of care.
Humor and Positivity - Optimism, humor, and
positivity are valued traits in the Philippines.
The country has a long list of national holidays,
and many provinces and cities have their own
sets of local holidays. At the same time, in the
face of difficult or challenging situations,
members of the community are encouraged to
look at the brighter side of things.
The inclination for finding the good in the bad
can be traced to the country’s location, which
lies in the path of typhoons and sits along the
Pacific Ring of Fire. In a place where natural
calamities are commonplace, humor and
positivity work as a coping mechanism, much
like how some children laugh to hide their
embarrassment after slipping or falling.
Flexibility and Adaptability - The term bahala
na, which can be translated to whatever
happens, happens, is one of the more familiar
phrases used in the country and is perhaps the
most representative of how Filipinos value
adaptability and quick thinking. It exemplifies
one’s belief in a higher power and submitting
one’s fate to elements that cannot be
controlled.
People who use the term bahala na do not see
anything wrong with it, as it serves as a sort of
positive affirmation that allows them to deal
with a problem right then and there. However,
those who do see it negatively often view it as a
form of fatalistic submission or a way to absolve
one from the responsibility of their actions.

Faith and Religion - Spirituality is deeply
ingrained in Filipinos. A form of animism was
already being practiced in many pre-colonial
societies and Islam has been firmly established
in the southern islands even before the Spanish
brought Catholicism to the country. These days,
religion still plays a big part in society and in the
everyday lives of Filipinos.
The Catholic Church’s views still affect the
passing of some laws, most towns still hold
fiestas to honor their patron saints, and many
regular non-working national holidays are
dedicated to celebrating various religious
activities and events. To many Filipinos, religion
helps shape their values and principles.
- Mahirap gisingin ang nagtutulog-
tulugan.
- Kung may tinanim,may aanihin.
- Ang magnanakaw ay galit sa kapwa
magnanakaw.
- Ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggalingan,
hindi makakarating sa paroroonan.
SUPERSTITIONS
- Belief, or practice with no rational
substance.
- Assumption that a connection exists
between events.
- Knowledge for their own philosophical
or religious convictions.
- It may be classified roughly as religious,
cultural, and personal.

Hospitality - Filipinos in the country and around POLITICAL SELF

the globe can be expected to extend a warm
Democracy
welcome to their guests regardless of where
they come from, how well they know their host, - Rule by the people
and why they’re visiting someone’s home.
Philippine Democracy
Hosts typically provide their guest with food
and entertainment and, if there’s time, a tour - Southeast Asia’s oldest democrac
around the local destinations. Before they Strong Democracy
leave, guests are entreated to take home
pasalubong or souvenirs, which often come in - Equality and everyone’s enjoyment of
the form of delicacies and local sweets. human rights tend to be strong.
- Stability and security
SURFACE VAUES

- CORE VALUE KAPWA

 HINDI IBANG TAO
 IBANG TAO
- Hiya (propriety/dignity)
- Pakikisama (companionship/esteem)
- Utang na loob (gratitude/solidarity)
FILIPINO PROVERBS - KASABIHAN
- Hangga’t makitid ang kumot, matutong
mamaluktot.
CHAPTER 7 – SPIRITUAL SELF
DEFINING SPIRITUALITY AND SOUL
Spirituality
Sense of connection to something bigger than
ourselves.
Search for meaning in life.
Spirituality involves exploring certain universal
themes- love, compassion, altruism, life after
death, wisdom and truth.
Spiritual or transcendent beliefs can refer to a
benevolent or to an indifferent force.
Ethos reinforces the benevolence
Spiritual development requires successive
degrees of freedom based on the realization
that thoughts are not facts but simply transient
mental phenomena, as indeed are our
emotions.
Soul
Immaterial aspect or essence of human being
Part of the individual which partakes of divinity
RITUALS AND CEREMONIES
A ritual is a ceremony or action performed in a
customary way
Ritual means ‘conforming to religious rites”
Ceremony can be also called a ritual
RELIGION, CULTS, MAGIC AND WITCHCRAFTS
Religion and spirituality are both rooted in
trying to understand the meaning of life and, in
some case, how a relationship with a higher
power may influence that meaning.
RELIGION is an organized, community-based
system of beliefs, while spirituality resides
within the individual and what they personally
believe.”
Both religion and spirituality can have a positive
impact on mental health.
In modern English, a CULT is a social group that
is defined by its unusual religious, spiritual, or
philosophical beliefs, or by its common interest
in a particular personality, object, or goal.
According to Siena Fontanesi, a lot of the
recruitment process is about convincing a target
that they are loved and that any questions they
are seeking answers to can be addressed by
belonging to something that is bigger than
themselves.
WITCHCRAFT is the practice of what the
practitioner (“witch”) believes to be magical
skills and abilities, and activities such as spells,
incantations, and magical rituals.
WITCHCRAFT is a broad term that varies
culturally and societally, and thus can be
difficult to define with precision.
Historically, the most common meaning is the
use of supernatural means to cause harm to the
innocent.
Belief in WITCHCRAFT is often present within
societies and groups whose cultural framework
includes a magical world view.
LOGOTHERAPY
Viktor Frankl was born March 26,1905, and died
September 2, 1997, in Vienna, Austria.
Frankl believed that humans are motivated by
something called a “will to meaning,” which
equates to a desire to find meaning in life. He
argued that life can have meaning even in the
most miserable of circumstances and that the
motivation for living comes from finding that
meaning.
“Logos” is the Greek word for meaning, and
logotherapy involves helping an individual find
personal meaning in life.
Core Propertis
1. Each person has a healthy core.
2. One’s primary focus is to enlighten
others to their own internal resources
and provide the tools to use their inner
core.
3. Life offers purpose and meaning but
does not promise fulfillment or
happiness.
Finding Meaning
 1. By creating a work or doing a deed.
2. By experiencing something or
encountering someone.
3. By the attitude that we take toward
unavoidable suffering.
Basic Assumptions
Body, Mind, and Spirit
- The human being is an entity that
consists of a body (soma), mind
(psyche), and spirit (noos). Frankl
argued that we have a body and mind,
but the spirit is what we are, or our
essence. Note that Frankl's theory was
not based on religion or theology, but
often had parallels to these.
Life Has Meaning in All Circumstances
- Frankl believed that life has meaning in
all circumstances, even the most
miserable ones. This means that even
when situations seem objectively
terrible, there is a higher level of order
that involves meaning.
Humans Have a Will to Meaning
- Logotherapy proposes that humans
have a will to meaning, which means
that meaning is our primary motivation
for living and acting and allows us to
endure pain and suffering. This is
viewed as differing from the will to
achieve power and pleasure.
Freedom to Find Meaning
- Frankl argues that in all
circumstances, individuals have the
freedom to access that will to find
meaning. This is based on his
experiences of pain and suffering and
choosing his attitude in a situation
that he could not change.
Meaning of the Moment
- The fifth assumption argues that for
decisions to be meaningful, individuals
must respond to the demands of daily
life in ways that match the values of
society or their own conscience.
Individuals are Unique
- Frankl believed that every individual is
unique and irreplaceable.
Techniques
Dereflection - Dereflection is aimed at helping
someone focus away from themselves and
toward other people so that they can become
whole and spend less time being self-absorbed
about a problem or how to reach a goal.
Paradoxical Intentions - Paradoxical intention is
a technique that has the person wish for the
thing that is feared most. This was suggested
for use in the case of anxiety or phobias, in
which humor and ridicule can be used when
fear is paralyzing. For example, a person with a
fear of looking foolish might be encouraged to
try to look foolish on purpose. Paradoxically,
the fear would be removed when the intention
involved the thing that was feared most.
Socratic Dialogue - Socratic dialogue would be
used in logotherapy as a tool to help a patient
through the process of self-discovery through
his or her own words. In this way, the therapist
would point out patterns of words and help the
client to see the meaning in them. This process
is believed to help the client realize an answer
that is waiting to be discovered.