Module 2: Lesson 1: LABORATORY REPORT

LABORATORY ACTIVITY #2 A) Test for Cations

Name:Ivy Mae I. Canunayon Date Submitted: September 1, 2023

Subject: Analytical Chemistry Time Frame: 5 hours

Introduction:

Sodium hydroxide can be used to test for cations. This study emphasizes this approach. Each Cation
sample can produce a precipitation when sodium hydroxide is added, or it can dissolve the precipitate and
make the solution clear, or it can take on a different hue.

Objectives:

•To be able to know how to test Cation using the addition of Sodium Hydroxide.
• Understand how different concentration of Sodium Hydroxide can affect the Cation.

Materials:

•Lab gown •Test Tubes

•Surgical gloves •Cations samples

•Pipette •Sodium Hydroxide Solution

•Beaker

Results and Discussion:

Lithium No formation of Sodium hydroxide

precipitate

Potassium No precipitate Soduim hydroxide

Sodium No precipitate Soduim hydroxide

Calcium White precipitate Soduim hydroxide

 Magnesium Gelatin white Sodium hydroxide
precipitation

Volume No precipitation but Sodium hydroxide

cloudy

Aluminum White precipitate Sodium hydroxide

Lead White precipitate Sodium hydroxide

Iron 2 Fe 2+ Greenish liquid form Sodium hydroxide

Iron 3 Fe 3+ Dark brown liquid forms Sodium hydroxide

Copper Dark blue precipitate Sodium hydroxide

Zinc Brown to gray Sodium hydroxide

Silver Brownish to gray Sodium hydroxide

Cobalt Dark blue precipitate Soduim hydroxide

Table 2 :

Magnesium Did not redissolved /became more gelatin-like

Aluminum Redissolved

Barium Did not redissolved

Calcium Did not redissolved

Zinc Redissolved

Lead Did not redissolved

Conclusion:

•As I watched this video I learn that when sodium hydroxide and various cations are combined, different
cations will react in various ways. Lithium, sodium, aluminum, and zinc cations were able to create a
transparent liquid. Some of them initially create a white precipitate, but as the sodium hydroxide
concentration is increased, the precipitate dissolves. Lead, calcium, barium, and potassium combine to
generate a hazy solution and a white precipitate. Some Cations result in a completely distinct color of
solution. The experiment's most obvious conclusion is that different cations react in different ways, and
that the concentration or amount of sodium oxide is a crucial consideration because it can change the
solution.
References:

https://youtu.be/F7cSlwKfoHw; https://youtu.be/VAy76V4THIY;

https://youtu.be/VAy76V4THlY?si=8FfsprzhrNL4pfrH

LABORATORY ACTIVITY #3

Module 2: Lesson 1: B) Flame Test

Name:Ivy Mae Canunayon Date Submitted: September 1, 2023

Subject: Analytical Chemistry Time Frame:5 hours

Introduction:

The flame test is used to visually determine the identity of an unknown metal or metalloid ion based on
the characteristic color the salt turns the flame of a bunsen burner. This test will emphasize this approach.
Each ion sample will be burned, and the type of ion will be determined by the color of the flame.

Objectives:

•To learn to identify Ionic compounds using flame test.

•Observe the color differences of the flames in each ions
•To be able to understand the purpose of flame test

Materials:

•Boron •Soduim •Bunsen burner

•Beaker •Lighter •Test tubes

•Lab gown •Lab googles •Test tube rack

•Lithium •Copper •Wire loop

•Metal salts •Potasium •Methanol

•Water

Results and Discussion:

Ion Flame Color

1. Lithium Red

2. Sodium Bright yellow Orange

3. Copper Green

4. Potassium Lavender

5. Boron Teal Green

Conclusion:

•At first I was bored watching on this video but it was just in the beggiging but when I proceed in the
second video I was amaze seeing the Rainbow flame. I also learn that different ions will respond to fire in
different ways , some will burn with a distinct color of flame. Since ions emit varying amounts of heat
and light energy. The resultant variation in light's wavelength and color is what gives flames their many
colors. The same thing occurred in this experiment: Copper produces distinctive green flames while
Lithium produces red flames.

References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsvsptBQUVQ&t=226s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOyDzOc2AaI&t=33s