CDI:

FUNDAMENTA
LS OF
CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATIO
N AND
INTELLIGENCE
Historical Beginnings of criminal Investigation
1248, China
  A Chinese book HIS DUAN YU (The Washing Away of Wrongs) was written containing a
description on how to distinguish drowning from strangulation. This was the first
recorded application of medical knowledge to the solution of crime.

1720s, England. Jonathan Wild

 A reformed criminal, became London’s most effective criminal investigator. He Became
the most famous thief- catcher in 1720s. His methods popularized the idea of employing
a thief to catch a thief. He introduced the idea of charging a fee for locating and
returning stolen property to its rightful owners.
 Henry Fielding
 an Englishmen who wrote a novel entitled “Tom Jones”, was appointed as
magistrates (sheriff) for the areas of Westminster and Middlesex in London. While
he was the magistrate, he performed a group of non- uniformed thief- catchers
attached to the Bow Street Court whose function was to detect and watch criminals.

SIR John Fielding

 The younger brother of henry fielding, took control of Bow Street Court, His investigators
were then called Bow Street Runners (bow street runners is the 1st active police force in
London) and they were quite effective because of his personal guidance although he was
blind. He introduced the practice of developing paid informants, and also printing
wanted notices employing criminal raids and bearing firearms and hand cuffs

Patrick Colquhoun
 A prominent London resident proposed the unique idea of creating a sizable uniformed
police force to secure the city of London as an answer to the alarming increase of
criminality
EUGENE ‘Francois’ VIDOCQ

 A former convict who became a Paris investigator founded BRIGADE DE LA SURETE (now
known as Surete Nationale) Which became the national detective agency of France,
Vidocq popularized the principle of “set a thief to catch a thief”. He also introduced the
concept of “trade protection policy”, which became the forerunner of our credit card
system.

SIR ROBERT PEEL

  Founded the London Metropolitan Police called the SCOTLAND YARD. He reiterated the
idea of creating a sizable police force in his recommendations, which lead to the passage
of the Metropolitan Police Act.
 He introduced the techniques of Surveillance such as detectives concealing themselves,
and such as detective concealing themselves, and secretly photographing and recording
conversation.
CHARLES DICKENS

 Through his story entitled BLEAK HOUSE, introduced the term “detective” to the English
language
ALLAN PINKERTON

 America’s most famous private investigator. He is considered as the founder of American

criminal investigation system. He established the practiced of handwriting examination
in America courts and promoted a plan to centralize criminal identification records.
FRANK PLEDGE SYSTEM

 During the Norman Conquest in 1066, king William instituted a form of community
policing referred to as the “FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM”.
Tithing- communities subdivided to smaller group consisting of ten family responsible for
detecting and controlling any negative behavior on the part of group member
1066-the duke of normandy conquered england, that criminal detection and public protection
would shift back to the government
1700- duke of normandy reigh in this early era, what we know as criminal investigation was
largely unknown, efforts aimed mainly at crime prevention.
Tail buzzers- individuals who search their coat pockets for pocketbooks and snuff boxes
Wires- those who pickpockets (this term is still in use today)
Snoozers- those who sleep at railway hotels, and decamp with some passenger’s luggage in the
morning
Star glazers- those who cut the panes out of shop windows