Try. 2 led 3-5 | 5 Chonan of uae Dee: +» Today Logarithm Wek Ss bet ont Wo ke Shee a)Properties of Exponents and Logarithms Exponents Let a and b be real numbers and m and n be integers. Then the following properties of exponents hold, provided that all of the expressions appearing in a particular equation are defined. 2. (a) =a™ 3. (ab)” ayn . 3)" =F. 40 6. om=,a40 #0 9. a® = Yar = (Ya) Logarithms Definition: y = log, 2 if and only if ¢ = a’, where a > 0. In other words, logarithms are exponents. Remarks: # logs always refers to log base 10, ie., log. = logye 2. « Ing is called the natural logarithm and is used to rey number ¢ * 2.71828. Therefore, In = y if and onl sent log, 2, where the irrational if e% = zz. ‘© Most calculators can directly compute logs base 10 and the natural log. For any other base it is necessary to use the change of base formula: logya = 1% or 1980. ind ™ Togied Properties of Logarithms (Recall that logs are only defined for positive values of z.) For the natural logarithm For logarithms base a 1 Ingy=Ine+Iny 1. log, zy = log, 2 + log, y 2 Ing=ing -Iny 2, Joe, 5 log, 2 — log, y 3. Ing =y-Ing 3. log, 2¥ = y--log, 2 4, Ine 4 log a® = 2 5. me 2 5. a% Useful Identities for Logarithms For the natural logarithm For logarithms base a 1 In 1. log, a= 1, for alla > 0 2. log, 1 = 0, for all a >0Cy Qoren anv Logac thm Vnks ——— n men Cpeean TD Qa tw Loy Los (man) 2 beg m+ boo O&O fe aLoy \ 2 O om Los ” ne Ow MEO > castechins oe my g Coot ™ wk te m gk’ ve i h fa 2 % 3 i yas % 1A. La 2 a. te —_—- 2a= .___Int3 Name ID:1 Expand and Condense Logs Date, Period__ Expand each logarithm. 1) n(x’ Re] 2) log, (xy’)* a alen(ey) ) a(lmy’ tiny 2(blax Remy ) = Bbny Fhing 3) log, (ab‘)* 4) log, Vx y-z y 2 bes, Gy?) 7 bos, (xy® ) 4 Curngx Magy > %,® ) 5) log, (x?- y)* 6) lo 2) 1g 5 bbe bs a1 art +7 \%,2 3 2 1) log, Vx+y-2 ny ve, Lo &, bos 2 se) Zhao r= 3 Leet 9) log , (a°- 5)” 10) log, (} 3Condense each expression to a single logarithm. Il) 3log, a+ 18log, b 3 s bes a # Los b Adve) Ley (o?-b* ) log, 11 log, 7 log, 12 2 2 * 2 15) log, 8+ log, 5 +3log, 11 17) 2In ee 2 3 19) 15log, x + Slog, y 12) 6log., w+ Slog, v 14) 3log, x-6log, y 2, & bos Ke bo4 y 4 (4, 16) Slog, 12-20log, 11 18) 2log,a+ Slog, b 20) Glog, a- 18log, 6Rewrite each equation in exponential form, 21) log, 81 =2 22) log, 27=3 23) log,, 196=2 28) log, L-=-3 D 86 a6 26) log, 3-2 1 28) 108 o56— ) IB a6 76 27) log, 125 =3 28) log,, 121=2 29) logy, 256=2 30) log, 169 =2Answers to Expand and Condense Logs (ID: 1) 1) in x+2iny 2) dlog, x+12log, » 3) 6log, a+ 240g, b log, log, y log,z 5) Slog, x+4log, y 6) 3log, 10-18log, 11 2 2° 2 4) 18 827 loss? 8) 2log,2-3log,7 9) 180g, a+ 3lop, b De 10) 4log, 8 - 16log, 3 11) log, (4°) 12) log, (»*u‘) 13) I 924 S 115) s ) log, V' 1) be, 15) Jog, (40 11°) 16) toe, 2 y 1 17) In (c?Va) 18) log , (o%a’) 19) Jog, (y°x") af 20) Jon 21) 97=81 22) 3°=27 23) 147 = 196 24) 682 216 4 21 27) 5° =125 28) 11? = 121 25) 256 2-1 26) 375 16 29) 167 = 256 30) 13° = 169