PRECIS WRITING

ONCEPT & UNDERSTANDING

SAMPLE PRECIS WITH SOLUTIONS
PRACTICE MATERIAL PDF
 PRECIS WRITING
Definition of Précis

A Précis is a clear compact condensed brief of a passage by exclusion of

unimportant text and filtration of key points in the writer’s own words.
Précis-writing is regarded as a very important kind of composition because it
develops one's capacity to discriminate between the essential and the non-
essential.
• Plan/outline of the original passage or article.
• Keep the abstract of the passage.
• Selection of the most prominent phrases and sentences.
• Form a chain of facts, Connect to make an organic whole.
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 Precis vs Summary

What is the Difference between Precis and Summary?

About Precis
A small miniature of any piece of writing which provides the absolute main point of that writing or
article can be defined as precise. It must consist of an appropriate heading and also maintains the
order of the original piece written. The essential points are usually mentioned here in precis. The
tone of the speech used is the same throughout the read. In precis, the conclusion is a must at the
end, which will justify the other main points described.

About Summary
The summary can be described as a brief of all the recorded points in any article. Any passage or
article with a shortened variation depicts a summary, where the headline is necessarily not so
important. The not only headline but also the order needs not to be maintained, covering all the
important points. The tone used in summary varies and necessarily is not needed to be in order.
The summary can also skip the conclusion, and mean the same.
 Difference between Precis and Summary

PRECIS SUMMARY
It must have a heading. A heading is not that required.

It is just a small replica of the article. It is a brief description of the article.

The order should always be maintained here. No need for maintaining the order

It contains the main or essential points. It covers all the important points.

The same tone is used throughout. It is expressed in terms of readers own words.

The idea is already extracted in the shortest form

The main idea has to be extracted.
possible.

It contains a conclusion as well. Not every time ends with a conclusion.

 Precis vs Summary

Similarities between Precis and Summary

•Both the precis and the summary provide the gist of the original work
in a shortened form. One may not contain the headings or the
conclusions, but the point remains the same.

•No addition of idea occurs. The facts remain the same all without
changing. No factual ideas slide into the article.

•If we see in a structured way, we can mark that one-third of both the
original texts, in precis and summary, maintain the order and
complete the sentences’ meaning.
 PRECIS WRITING
Key points of a précis
• Crux/Gist of the passage is the Title.

• Avoid Replication of Important Sentences.

• Have Brevity and Clarity.

• Avoid Direct Speech and Use Indirect Speech.

• Inclusion of Statistical Information.

• Observe Proportion.
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• One third of Original Passage. Code: NABARD50
 PRECIS WRITING
Do’s and Don’ts of Précis Writing

• Start the précis with the main idea so that reader can quickly understand the essence of the
précis.
• While writing a précis, make a suitable environment where all the points can be described
and discussed equally.
• As a précis is concise, compress it by using connecting words and make sure that space is
available for to retain the important data, keywords, and the concept.
• Removing the irrelevant data or sentence is as important as writing the relevant points.
Thus, identify the superfluous data and facts and keep the core idea of the work only in the
précis.
• Do not form personal opinions, remarks and criticism in a précis.
• Always take the fact and data that is given in the paragraph only.
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• Do not reuse text from the passage. Code: NABARD50
• Use Synonyms to present the sentence in own words.
Read the Passage and write a precis on the basis of the passage.
Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for about 58% of India’s population. Gross Value Added by agriculture, forestry,
and fishing was estimated at Rs. 19.48 lakh crore (US$ 276.37 billion) in FY20. Share of agriculture and allied sectors in gross
value added (GVA) of India at current prices stood at 17.8 % in FY20. Consumer spending in India will return to growth in 2021
post the pandemic-led contraction, expanding by as much as 6.6%.

The Indian food industry is poised for huge growth, increasing its contribution to world food trade every year due to its
immense potential for value addition, particularly within the food processing industry. Indian food and grocery market is the
world’s sixth largest, with retail contributing 70% of the sales. The Indian food processing industry accounts for 32% of the
country’s total food market, one of the largest industries in India and is ranked fifth in terms of production, consumption,
export and expected growth.

Principal agricultural commodities export for April 2020 - January 2021 was US$ 32.12 billion.

The Economic Survey of India 2020-21 report stated that in FY20, the total food grain production in the country was recorded
at 296.65 million tonnes—up by 11.44 million tonnes compared with 285.21 million tonnes in FY19. The government has set a
target to buy 42.74 million tonnes from the central pool in FY21; this is 10% more than the quantity purchased in FY20. For
FY22, the government has set a record target for farmers to raise food grain production by 2% with 307.31 million tonnes of
food grains. In FY21, production was recorded at 303.34 million tonnes against a target of 301 million tonnes.
Production of horticulture crops in India was estimated at a record 326.6 million metric tonnes (MMT) in FY20 as per third
advance estimates, an increase of 5.81 million metric tonnes over FY20. India has the largest livestock population of around
535.78 million, which translates to around 31% of the world population. Milk production in the country is expected to increase
to 208 MT in FY21 from 198 MT in FY20, registering a growth of 10% y-o-y. Area under horticulture is projected to rise by 2.7%
in FY21.
Sugar production in India reached 26.46 MT between October 2019 and May 2020 sugar season according to Indian Sugar Mills
Association (ISMA).India is among the 15 leading exporters of agricultural products in the world. Agricultural export from India
reached US$ 38.54 billion in FY19 and US$ 35.09 billion in FY20.

The organic food segment in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10% during 2015-¬25 and is estimated to reach Rs. 75,000
crore (US$ 10.73 billion) by 2025 from Rs. 2,700 crore (US$ 386.32 million) in 2015.

The processed food market in India is expected to grow to Rs. 3,451,352.5 crore (US$ 470 billion) by 2025, from Rs. 1,931,288.7
crore (US$ 263 billion) in FY20 on the back of government initiatives such as planned infrastructure worth US$ 1 trillion and
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojna. The food processing industry employs about 1.77 million people. The sector allows
100% FDI under the automatic route.

Between April 2020 and February 2021, the total value of processed food products exports was Rs. 43,798 crore (US$ 6.02
billion). India exported key processed food products such as pulses, processed vegetables, processed fruits and juices,
groundnuts, guar gum, cereal preparations, milled products, alcoholic beverages and oil meals.
Agrarian Economy - Potential drivers of Indian growth story

Although agriculture sector employs more than half of India's population yet it only contributes a little less than
one fifth of India's GVA. But, surprisingly, India's agricultural sector, especially the food processing industry is on
the cusp of dynamic growth in both domestic front as well as exports. Every vertical including food grain
production, government procurement, horticultural production, milk production and sugar production is
expanding at a good pace. India which is already a major exporter of agricultural produce and that position is set
to improve. Even the organic food sector is expected to grow at a very good pace and reach ten billion dollar
valuation in a few years which is a further pointer to the overall growth in the agriculture and food sector. The
processed food market, a major employment generator is set to almost double on the back of sustained
government support and our processed food export is also clocking impressive numbers in broad agreement with
the robust growth trend of the whole agriculture sector.
 PRECIS WRITING
Read the Passage and write a precis on the basis of the passage.
Nearly six decades ago, a professor in a Walt Disney comedy bequeathed immortality to a mental failing that has been a
recurring cause of red faces.
The professor was bright and brainy but so single-mindedly focused on high matters of science that he could never remember
the more mundane “asides” of life — including his forthcoming wedding. The Absent-Minded Professor may have been a
laugh riot, but absent-mindedness is no laughing matter.
At work, if you misplace a file or stand up to make a presentation only to realise that your notes are in the drawer at home,
you will be deemed slack and clearly unfit for what HR departments describe as “higher responsibilities”.
Present day society with its fetish about practical efficiency does not readily forgive us — the serial forgetters. Word goes
around that our memory has more holes than a mosquito net. The extended family will then stand on the sidelines and
snigger while the spouse, out of wifely concern, suggests consulting the friendly, neighbourhood neurologist, just in case it’s
an early warning sign of dementia. Relax, it’s nothing of the sort.

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 PRECIS WRITING
Listen to the experts. George Grossberg, Director of Geriatric Psychology at the St. Louis University School of Medicine, says:
“Someone who misplaces his keys, gets frustrated, and runs around looking for them is (just) absent-minded. On the other
hand, a person who misplaces his/her keys, doesn’t know that they are lost, and after they are found, forgets what they are
for, that’s cause for concern.” If you haven’t gone that far, you are in safe territory. We of the forgetful fraternity also have
historian-cum-philosopher Yuval Noah Harari on our side. He says that the human mind is not designed to “think like a filing
cabinet”. A normal mind does not move like a regiment on parade. Rather, like a Jaspreet Bumrah run-up, our line of thought
hops, stops, and pops as memory surrenders to our poet-like imagination.
There are many ways of polishing a rusty memory. These range from regular meditation to de-clutter your top storey to
eating brain food like almonds every morning. If you tend to forget the names of people you have met, you are told to repeat
the name under your breath till your mind has got it pat. More discretion is advised. Suppose you are repeating ‘Rooprani’,
make sure your wife is not within earshot.
If none of this works, do not despair. Not everything in this world is of lasting significance. Why carry around the burden of
unpleasant remembrances or the overhang of guilt? As Khalil Gibran said: “Forgetfulness is a form of freedom.”
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 PRECIS WRITING
THE CASE OF FORGETFULNESS

A popular character in a Walt Disney film puts forward the issue of forgetfulness in a funny manner. However, this
forgetfulness can cause great professional damage to a person at the workplace. The present day society does not tolerate
forgetfulness as an ailment and recommends one seeks professional help. Experts from the field of medicine attribute
forgetfulness as not serious if it is a case of absent-mindedness but warn against the extreme one. Philosophers have agreed
that human mind is not designed like a filing cabinet for memories. There are many methods to improve one's memory
ranging from meditation, eating almonds and de-cluttering one's mind. However, one must not have guilt over the issue of
forgetfulness as there is not much of great significance in the world.

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LETTER & APPLICATION WRITING

SAMPLE LETTERS WITH SOLUTIONS

PRACTICE MATERIAL PDF
 Points of Discussion

1.Types of Letters.
2.Formats of Letters.
3.Sample formal & Informal Letters.
4.Application Writing.
 Types of Letters

1. - Formal Letters 2. - Informal Letters

 Complaint letters  Request Letters

 Inquiry letters  Invitation Letters

 Business Development letters  Regret/Apology Letters

 Information/Query letters  Congratulation Letters

 Claim letters  Letters of Advice

 Request letters  Acceptance Letters

11 Step Letter Format for formal Letters:-
1. Sender’s address
2. Date
3. Receiver's Title/Designation
4. Receiver’s Address
5. Subject
6. Salutation
7. Introduction
8. Body
9. Conclusion
10. Complimentary Close
11. Name of the Sender/Designation of the Sender
Letter Format:-

 1. Contact Information (Your contact information)

Your Address/ Your Designation
Your City, State
Your Email Address

 2. Date

 3. Contact Information (The person /company / organisation you are writing to)
Title
Company/Organisation Name
Address
City,
 4. Subject- Mention the purpose of the letter in a sentence.

 5. Greeting /Salutation
Respected/Dear Sir/Mam.

 6. Introduction
The first paragraph of your letter should provide an introduction as to who you and why you are writing this letter
so that your reason for contacting the person is obvious from the beginning.

 7. Body of Letter
In the following paragraph, provide more information and specific details about your request or the information
you are providing.

 8. Conclusion
The last paragraph of your letter should reiterate the reason you are writing and thank the reader for reviewing
your request. If appropriate, it should also politely ask for a written response or for the opportunity to arrange a
meeting to further discuss your request.
 9. Closing Salutation

Sincerely/Regards/ Yours sincerely

 10. Name/Designation(If required)/ Contact details

ABC Bank
16 Ring Road
Delhi – 01

November 30, 20xx

The Manager
XYA Agency
35 Patel Street
Delhi − 18

Sub.: Reminder for paying dues.

Dear Sir,

This is to remind you that your organization has taken a loan of Rs. 2 crores two years back on June 18. As per the agreement and
loan guidelines, on completion of one and a half year, you would need to pay back the 80% of the principal amount with the
appropriate interest.
Since now we have received just 50% of the principal amount. As the payment is due since long, we would appreciate if you send
the cheque immediately.

I request you to kindly look into the matter within the next six working days. Otherwise, strict legal action will be taken. Kindly
acknowledge the matter.

Thanking You.

Yours Sincerely
FMG
Manager
ABC Apartments
Lodhi Road
New Delhi

Sep 29, 2019

The Editor
PQR Times
New Delhi

Subject : Poor condition of infrastructure.

Respected Sir

Through the esteemed column of your prestigious newspaper, I would like to draw your kind attention towards the
poor health of roads and public parks in our area.
Poor conditions of roads has led to increased number of road accidents. Uncountable potholes are very dangerous to
people’s safety. We are afraid to send our children outside because of uncovered manholes. Speed breakers are also
not in good conditions. Instead of preventing mishaps they are becoming a cause of injury. Broken condition of
roads leads to traffic jams which cause wastage of time and resources. Traffic jams have also become a cause of
aggressive arguments and street brawls.

Public parks’ maintenance is not done properly. They are not cleaned regularly. Piles of garbage are growing in the
corners of the parks. They have become the breeding ground for mosquitoes and flies. Some unsocial elements have
also been reported and so are the incidents of eve-teasing and kidnapping. Old people, children and women do not
find it safe inside the parks. This needs to be acknowledged as soon as possible.

Your support regarding this would be highly appreciated.

Thanking You
Yours Truly
XYZ
7 Step Letter Format for Informal Letters:-

1. Sender’s address
2. Date
3. Greetings
4. Introduction
5. Body
6. Complimentary Close
7. Name of the Sender
QUES 1) You are mahima/jaspreet a resident of New delhi. Write a letter in to your younger brother convincing him that if he
wants to build a good career for himself/ herself then he should leave all the things that are distracting him from his goal
and suggest him to focus on his studies only.

ABC Apartments

Lodhi Road

New Delhi

Sep 29, 2019

Dear brother,

It has been a while since I have heard from you. How have you been? I hope this letter finds you in the best of your health and
cheerful spirits.
Recently I came to know about poor performance in your examinations, from Dad. He was concerned about your studies and
career. I know you are an ambitious child with big dreams. You have always made us proud. But your recent response has not
been satisfying. Now a days you are spotted in a company which is neither good for you nor for your future.

You should know that time going on now, is the most crucial time regarding your future. If you are distracted now by any
means like your recent online game addiction, you are killing your time and destroying your shining future. I know you are a
responsible being. You should analyse the ongoing situation. Our parents have invested their lives to see us successful. I hope
you will take the right decision as this concerns not only you but also the people belonging to you.

Hope to see you soon.

Yours lovingly

Mahima
Ques 2) Write a letter to your cousin who is going through a depression.

ABC Apartments

Lodhi Road

New Delhi

Sep 29, 2019

Dear Kanika

It has been a while since I have heard from you. How have you been? I hope this letter finds you in the best of your health and
cheerful spirits.
I came to know that you are going through tough times. Aunty told me that your are really affected as you haven’t got
admission in the medical college of your dreams. I know it can be quite depressing that after dropping a year it has not
surfaced as it was supposed to be. I know you gave your best but I also know one more thing which is more important- You will
make it one day.

Don’t get disheartened at this failure. Failures are the stepping stones of success. Shutting yourself from the world and
isolating you is not the answer. You should interact with your closed ones and relieve yourself from all the stress you are facing.
Prepare yourself again and get ready for the next year. That was definitely not the last chance. You are a fighter. Fight for your
dreams. Keep in touch.

Hope to see you soon.

Yours lovingly

XYZ
 APPLICATION WRITING

Definition of an Application
a formal request to be considered for a position or to be allowed to do or have something,
submitted to an authority, institution, or organization.
"an application for leave"

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 APPLICATION WRITING
Types of Applications
 University Application Letter  Application Letter to Bank Manager

 Science Teacher Application Letter  Transfer Application Letter

 Newspaper Correspondent Application Letter  Change in Address Application Letter

 Teacher Application Letter  Job Application letter

 Loan Application Letter  Business Application Letter

 APPLICATION WRITING
10 Step Letter Format:-

1. Designation of Addressee
2. Address of the Addressee
3. Date
4. Subject
5. Salutation
6. Introduction
7. Body – Content of the scenario
8. Complimentary Close
9. Name of the Sender
10. Designation of the Sender
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 APPLICATION WRITING
Application Format:-

 Contact Information (The person /company / organisation you are writing to)
Name
Title
Company
Address
City,

 Date

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Code: NABARD50
 APPLICATION WRITING
 Subject- Mention the purpose of the letter in a sentence.

 Greeting /Salutation
Respected/Dear Sir/Mam.

 Introduction
The first paragraph of your letter should provide an introduction as to who you and why you are writing this letter
so that your reason for contacting the person is obvious from the beginning.

 Body of Letter
In the following paragraph, provide more information and specific details about your request or the information
you are providing.

 Conclusion
The last paragraph of your letter should reiterate the reason you are writing and thank the reader for reviewing
your request. If appropriate, it should also politely ask for a written response or for the opportunity to arrange a
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meeting to further discuss your request. Code: NABARD50
 APPLICATION WRITING
 Closing Salutation

Sincerely/Regards/ Yours sincerely

 Name
Designation(If required)
Contact details

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 APPICATION WRITING
Mr. Raza Anand
Human Resources Officer
Mumbai School
Dadabhai Road, Andheri West
Mumbai – 400 058

December 16, 2011

Dear Mr. Anand,

I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed last week in the newspaper about a job vacancy. I am greatly
interested in applying for the position of school teacher and I have attached my resume with this letter. My recommendation
letters are available at your request.
I am a graduate of a Bachelor’s degree in Education from a reputable school where I graduated with excellent grades. I took
up my practicum at a local school and I have been given a good review by my colleagues, the students, and the school
principal. I believe that I have the qualities of a good teacher. I have a passion for teaching and I work well with children. I
am very patient and I can also deal with different kinds of people.
I hope I can discuss with you more of my credentials through an interview.
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Thank you. Code: NABARD50
Sincerely,
Ms. Adrika Ghouse
 APPICATION WRITING
Mr. S. Koteeswaran, Manager
ICUI Bank
# 780, Lakshmanapuram
Chennai

August 7, 2010

Ref: Advertisement in the Hindu dated August 1, 2010.

Sub: Application for the post of accounts assistant.
Dear Sir,
As per your advertisement in the Sunday classifieds of the Hindu , I would like to apply for the post of Accounts assistant in
your bank.
I graduated in Commerce from the Madras University and have worked as an accounts assistant for about 8 years in 2
different companies. A good working knowledge of auditing, income tax procedures, and all that is required of an accounts
assistant is my USP. The experience to take independent charge of accounts maintenance if at all required. My attached
resume with testimonials will provide you with a detailed description of my qualifications and experience.
I have great regard for the ICUI Bank and I shall be grateful to you if you give me the opportunity of an interview.
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Yours Sincerely, Code: NABARD50

Celine Thomas
 THANKS

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