COntenTS

Question Words and Noun Clauses

1. A TRIVIAL LOVE TRIANGLE ........................................................................... 2

2. CHINDOGU - THE ART OF THE "UNUSELESS" ...... . ......................................... 5

J. THE CITY OF KISH ........................................................................................ 8

4. A VACATION IN MONGOLIA ................................................................. . ....... 11

5. CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW ............................................................................ 14

6. LEARN THESE ............................................................................................... 17

EXAMPLES FROM ÖYS/YDS ..... . ....... . ................................................... ................. 19

TEST YOURSELF 1 ............................................................................................... 21

TEST YOURSELF 2 ................ .................. . ........................ . ....... . .......................... 52

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY .................................... . ............................................. 4Î

PRACTICE EXAM 1 .............................................................. . ............................ 47

BEDSIDE STORIES .............................................................................................. 62

 Question Words
and Noun Clauses

1. A TRIVIAL LOVE TRIANGLE

Three students - Tom, Neil and Deirdre - are sitting at Neil's apartment, bored, on a rainy Saturday
afternoon, so they decide to play a question-and-answer history trivia game just to pass some time.
As Neil is the owner of the house, he'll assume the role of the host of the game, using his
tremendous general knowledge to help him think up questions to stump Tom and Deirdre, who will
- be competing against each other as the contestants. Each correct answer will win that player one
point, but for each wrong answer, or each answer that the player doesn't know, the other player has
the chance to steal that player's point. The first contestant to reach ten points wins.

Tom: Okay, since we don't know (1) is going to play first, (2) shall we decide? By
flipping a coin? By drawing straws?
Neil: (3) the ladies-first rule?
Deirdre: Neil, you're such an old-fashioned gentleman that it sickens me sometimes. Okay, fire
away.
Neil: Alright. The first question's for you, then, Deirdre - (4) was the capital city of Brazil
before Brasilia?
Deirdre: You must be joking. It was Rio de Janeiro, of course.
Neil: Correct! That's one point for you, Deirdre. This one's for Tom - (5) . English king
presided over the signing of the Magna Carta?
Tom: Umm... just wait a second, be patient, give me some time... umm.. King John!
Neil: Yes, but to get the point, you have to say (6) - the first, the second or the third?
Tom: Don't even try tricking me, you scoundrel. Even I know that there was only one King John.
Neil: Okay, okay, you're right, one point for you. Now, Deirdre - can you please tell me (7)
the Taj Mahal was built?
Deirdre: Honestly, Neil, I have to admit that I have absolutely no idea.
Neil: Alright then, Tom, you now have the opportunity to steal Deirdre's point and take the lead...
Tom: Umm... to-tell the truth, Neil, I don't even know (8)
Neil: Oh, that's too bad, too bad. The correct answer is Arjumand Banu Begum, also known as
Mümtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan, the ruler of the Mughal Empire in India from...
Tom: You can stop the lecture, Neil, because we don't really care. Ask your next question, Mr.
Know-it-all.
Neil: Very well, then. Tom, this one's for you: (9) was the city of Kish located?
Tom: Let me think... I know it was somewhere in the Middle East... umm, let's see - was it
Egypt? Yes, Egypt!
Neil: Ooh, sorry, but it wasn't Egypt. Deirdre?
Deirdre: Kish lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in ancient Sumeria.
Neil: That's amazingly correct! Another point for Deirdre! And just for fun, (10) modern
country is that?
Deirdre: Iraq, of course.
Neil: You astound me, Deirdre dear. And look at this! The next question's for you as well - (11)
people died on the Titanic?
Deirdre: Exactly 1,515 people.
Neil: Three for Deirdre! She's really on a roll. Tom, you've got to catch up, and this question's
yours - (12) was the Babylonian ruler whose law code is the world's earliest
preserved law code?
Tom: Oh, come on! How come I always get the ancient history questions? I don't have a clue
(13)
Neil: Well, that's really a pity, Tom, because now Deirdre can steal your point ...
Deirdre: I have one word for you, Neil - Hammurabi.
Neil: Right she is! Deirdre's got four! And it's her turn again ...
Tom: Something certainly seems unfair here, you know.
Neil: No sir, everything here is perfectly on the level. And now Deirdre - (14) exactly, did
World War One officially end?
Deirdre: That was on November 11, 1919, at 11 in the morning.
Neil: Yes! Eleven, eleven, eleven! Not to mention five points for Deirdre. Come on, Tom, your
one point is starting to look lonely over there. This one's for you - will you please tell me
(15) Ottoman sultan died as a result of the wounds he suffered when, while quite
drunk, he slipped and fell in the bath?
Tom: You've got to be kidding. I don't have the foggiest idea (16) (17) I am, some
sort of genius or something?
Neil: Deirdre, do you by any chance know (18) ?
Deirdre: Actually, Neil, I do. It was Sultan Selim II, also known as Selim the Sot. Give me that
point, please, Neil.
Neil: Well there you are, that's two for Deirdre. And here's another question for you, my dear:
(19) wife was the famous Roxelana, also known by her adopted name, Hurrem
Sultan?
Deirdre: Why, that would be Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, also known as Süleyman the
Lawgiver.
Tom: Neil, (20) ...... on earth are you doing? This isn't fair at ail! You keep asking her questions
about the Ottomans and you know very well that Ottoman history is (21) in her free
time.
Neil: Tom, I'm deeply offended. (22) suspicious you are! These are merely the questions
that come into my head.
Tom: Yeah, but they only come into your head because (23) is to make Deirdre fall in love
with you! Look around you, Neil: (24) of us are there in this room?
Neil: Three, of course.
Tom: That's right: THREE! In other words, this is not your own personal dating service, Neil. I'm
a person, too!
Neil: Well, Tom, this may not be my own personal dating service; however, this is my own
personal house, and I think you'd better leave it now.
Tom: You want me to leave? Fine then, I'll leave, and I hope the two of you have a fantastic
time doing (25) together.
Deirdre: Wait, Tom! I'll come with you, I have never liked Neil anyway. Neil, do you have any idea
(26) a snob you are?
Neil: Of course I do - and that's exactly (27) perfect for each other, my darling Deirdre.

1. 4.
A) who B) when A) where B) how
C) what D) which C) who D) what
E) where E) which
2. 5.
A) what B) why A) who B) which
C) how D) who C) when D) whose
E) when E) whom
3. 6.
A) Why don't we follow A) how he was King John
B) How we can follow B) which King John was he
C) How can we follow C) how was he King John
D) When do we follow D) who was King John
E) Why we don't follow E) which King John he was
7. 18.
A) to whom B) by which A) how the answer is
C) about whose D) in which B) what is the answer
E) for whom C) which is the answer
D) how is the answer
8. E) what the answer is
A) how is the Taj Mahal
B) where is the Taj Mahal 19.
C) what the Taj Mahal is A) whom B) who
D) how the Taj Mahal is C) which D) what
E) what is the Taj Mahal E) whose
9. 20.
A) where B) who A) who B) how
C) in which D) why C) when D) what
E) to what E) which
10. 21.
A) whose B) in which A) where she studies
C) for what D) by whom B) what she studies
E) where C) how she studies
D) when she studies
11. E) that she studies
A) how often B) how many
C) how much D) how soon 22.
E) how long A) Which B) What
C)Why D) When
12. E)How
A) who B) whom
C) where D) what
E) whose 23.
A) why do you really want
13. B) what you really want
A) for whom it was B) whose was it C) whom you really want
C) who was it D) who it was D) which do you really want
E) whose it was E) how do you really want

14. 24.
A) where B) why A) how B) how many
C) whom D) when C) what D) who
E) what E) how much

15. 25.
A) which B) who A) whatever you are planning to do
C) when D) whose B) when you are planning to do
E) whom C) what are you planning to do
D) whichever you are planning to do
16. E) how are you planning to do
A) who could that be
B) how could that be 26.
C) who that could be A) who B) how
D) that could be him C) what D) how much
E) how that could be E) which

17. 27.
A) How you think A) that we would be
B) What do you think B) what we would be
C) What you think C) when would we be
D) Where do you think D) how would we be
E) How do you think E) why we would be
2. CHINDOGU - THE ART OF THE "UNUSELESS"

Read the passage below, and then try to guess the meaning of the italicized
words without using a dictionary.

For thousands of years, people have been inventing things. From the wheel to the printing
press to the lightbulb to the microchip, hundreds or even thousands of these inventions have
proven very valuable to mankind - but the same cannot be said of every innovation. Imagine, if you
will, the following: protective glasses for chickens (which do, after all, tend to try to peck each
other's eyes out); duster slippers for cats so that they can help with the housework; and an all-over
plastic bathing costume, to enable people who suffer from hydrophobia to bathe without coming into
contact with water.
These and thousands of other such inventions are examples of the art of Chindogu, the not-so-
ancient Japanese art of inventing ingenious everyday gadgets that, in theory, seem like ideal
solutions to particular problems but that, in practice, end up creating so many new problems or
causing such significant social embarrassment that effectively they have no utility whatsoever.
Thus, what chindogu are sometimes claimed to be is "unuseless" - that is, they cannot be
completely regarded as "useless" since they actually do solve a problem; but on the other hand, in
practical terms, they cannot positively be called "useful" either.
Literally translated, "chindogu" means "strange tool". The term was coined in the late 1980s by
Kenji Kawakami, an amateur inventor who discovered that a not-quite-usable idea for a new gadget
or product could nevertheless be enjoyable if one were to create a prototype and then take delight
in how it fails. Kawakami as so far invented more than 600 chindogu, among them the Portable
Zebra Crossing, a roll-up crosswalk that lets you cross the road wherever you want to, and the
Anywhere Office, a wooden desktop that hangs from the neck, redefining business mobility.
However, 55-year-old Kawakami has as of yet not made a single yen from his gadgets, because an
important principle of the art of Chindogu is that chindogu should not be used for profit. "Basically,"
explains Kawakami, "Chindogu is the same as the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The one big
difference is that while most invent'ons are aimed at making life more convenient, chindogu have
greater disadvantages than preceding products, so people can't sell them, which makes them,
fundamentally, invention dropouts." Rather than reaping great profit, chindogu are designed as not
only profound and often humorous contradictions, but also simple tools to awaken the heart and
mind.
Furthermore, it seems that they are also light-hearted critiques of society. Kawakami, who
studied aeronautical engineering before he took to lobbing Molotov cocktails at the police in the
early 1970s as a leftist radical, says the art of Chindogu is a rejection of the capitalistic notion of
utility, an anarchic antithesis to the soulless 21st-century consumer culture, and something that may
enrich people's lives and bring them closer together. "In the modern, digital world, everything is so
quick," says Kawakami, picking out paper and electronic dictionaries to illustrate his point. "With the
electronic dictionary, it takes only two seconds to find a word, but gives us no mental or spiritual
satisfaction. Yet if you use your own hands to find it, you can enjoy the process. It's a spiritual act."

1. valuable A) useful B) fascinating C) expensive D) worthless E) commonplace

2. enable A) deter B) authorize C) allow D) provoke E) activate
3. ingenious A) secret B) fake C) hazardous D) private E) clever
4. gadgets A) mistakes B) ideas C) assets D) instruments E) failures
5. utility A) extent B) hope C) presence D) usefulness E) taste
6. nevertheless A) consequently B) also C) afterwards D) therefore E) still
7. as of yet A) not only B) so far C) barely D) as usual E) not yet
8. preceding A) imaginary B) faulty C) pretentious D) former E) temporary
9. fundamentallyA)
'A) likewise B) essentially C) otherwise D) finally E) similarly
10. reaping A) bringing in B) showing up C) turning on D) dropping out E) looking through
11. furthermore A) in case B) as though C) in addition D) on the contrary E) in advance
12. lobbing A) constructing B) burning C) throwing D) selling E) delivering
13. rejection A) explanation B) reaction C) adjustment D) seizure E) refusal
14. picking out A) harvesting B) opening C) ignoring D) choosing E) understanding
15. illustrate A) regard B) exemplify C) ease D) hasten E) dispute
 g I Circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. Hundreds or even thousands of inventions have proven very valuable to mankind,

but the same cannot be said of every innovation.
A) Though not every innovation ends up being worthless to mankind, hundreds or even
thousands of them have been proven to be of no real value.
B) Every invention has the potential to be invaluable to humanity, yet hundreds and even
thousands of them never actually achieve this.
C) Not every innovation has proven to be of great use to humanity, although hundreds and
perhaps thousands have done so.

2. What chindogu are sometimes claimed to be is "unuseless".

A) On occasion, it is alleged that chindogu are "unuseless".

B) The term "unuseless" can only be applied to some of the chindogu.
C) Occasionally chindogu turn out to be "unuseless", or so it is claimed.

3. Kenji Kawakami discovered that a not-quite-usable idea for a new product could
nevertheless be enjoyable if one were to create a prototype and then take delight in
how it fails.
A) It was Kenji Kawakami who first came up with the idea for a rather unusable product,
but he was still able to take pleasure in it even after noticing how badly it had failed.
B) That a somewhat unworkable idea for a new product could still afford pleasure so long
as one created a model of it and afterwards enjoyed the way it failed was the discovery
of Kenji Kawakami.
C) When his quite unrealistic idea for a new product that many might enjoy was discovered
to be a failure, Kenji Kawakami was nonetheless delighted.

4. Kawakami has as of yet not made a single yen from his gadgets, because an
important principle of the art of Chindogu is that chindogu should not be used for
profit.
A) Because the things he invented have not yet made a single yen for Kawakami, he is
considering making the art of Chindogu into an important new non-profit venture.
B) As chindogu's not being used to make money is a crucial rule of the art of Chindogu, so
far Kawakami has not profited at all from the things he invented.
C) A basic principle of the art of Chindogu is that chindogu are not to be sold, though
Kawakami has so far managed to make some profit from what he has invented.

5. That chindogu have greater disadvantages than preceding products, making it

impossible for people to sell them, makes them, essentially, invention dropouts.
A) When people found that profiting from chindogu was impossible, since they had more
disadvantages than previous products, they called them invention dropouts.
B) Chindogu are basically invention dropouts because people cannot sell them due to the
fact that they give rise to more problems than do former products.
C) Invention dropouts is what chindogu fundamentally are, though many former products
actually have greater disadvantages.

6. Chindogu are designed as not only profound and humorous contradictions, but also
simple tools to awaken the heart and mind.
A) What chindogu are intended to be are both funny and yet wise contradictions and
uncomplicated instruments for enlightenment.
B) Though they were originally designed as uncomplicated tools for enlightenment,
chindogu also have wise yet humorous contradictions.
C) Those who designed chindogu used these simple instruments to awaken their hearts
and minds as well as to engage in profound and funny contradictions.
 Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. We learn from the passage that chindogu

A) do not number more than 600
B) have actually proven to be quite valuable to humanity
C) do not always bring large amounts of money to their inventors
D) were first used by leftist radicals in the early 1970s
E) are impossible to classify as either useful or useless

2. It is implied in the passage that Kenji Kawakami

A) is not a supporter of the capitalist system
B) is happy with the large amount of profit he has made from his inventions
C) regards electronic dictionaries as one of the greatest inventions
D) was once a leftist radical but has since become quite conservative
E) has failed in his attempts to criticize society

3. The passage makes it clear that

A) the art of Chindogu has been known in Japan for thousands of years
B) there is not much thought behind the concept of chindogu
C) chindogu give rise to more problems than they actually solve
D) there is a great need for protective glasses for chickens
E) chindogu provide practical solutions for particular problems

Complete the blanks with the correct preposition. Use the prepositions given m
the box below.
among in to |
as in under I
for of with 1
from of with 1
from to
__J
1. Mary's mother has been suffering influenza for about the past three
weeks, and Mary's really starting to worry about what might happen.
2. The Irish poet W.B. Yeats got the idea what is perhaps his most famous
poem, "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", while he was wandering homesick through the
streets of London one day.
3. Homelessness can certainly be counted the greatest problems that today's
society is confronted and unfortunately, it may also be one of the most
difficult to solve.
4. It has sometimes been said Albert Einstein that, because of the obscurity
of his theories, had he never been born, today's world would not be fundamentally
different; this is doubtful, however, as those theories led more or less directly
the creation of the atomic bomb.
5. If you ever see icicles hanging ; the eaves of a roof on a sunny winter's day,
you should be very careful when walking them, as they may fall.
6. I might need some help this luggage as it's very heavy and I'm feeling
absolutely exhausted.
7. Although Orhan Pamuk is often regarded perhaps the greatest modernist
Turkish author, I myself believe that Oğuz Atay is both a better and a more significant
writer.
8 theory, it seemed easy to follow the regulations imposed by the board, but
practice, the employees encountered quite a lot of unforeseen difficulties.
9. I hate to admit it, but my television is actually invaluable me, even if it is
mind-numbing, as I find it the most relaxing possible diversion after a long day's work.
10.My friend Oona is an outstanding example perseverance against the odds,
as she fought hard for a long time after her divorce in order to gain custody of her
daughter.
J. THE CITY OF KISH

Read the passage below, and then try to guess the meanings of the italicized
words without using a dictionary

Of the once-stately city of Kish, today only ruins can be seen. It lies between the Tigris
and Euphrates rivers, about 13 kilometres east of the site of Babylon in what is now Iraq.
Inscriptions in the ruins state that it was "the first city founded after the Flood." As the
traditional first capital of the Sumerians, Kish was an early centre of civilization. In ancient
times, the area was fertile, so wheat and other crops could be grown there. The Sumerians
settled around a bend of the Euphrates River, where they built a city more than 8 kilometres
long and almost 3 kilometres wide, which they fortified against their enemies. Until as late as
the time of King Sargon I, about 2300 BC, Kish dominated the Near East. Then it declined
because the Euphrates changed its course elsewhere, and when finally it was abandoned,
desert sand covered its ruins. Archaeologists were excavating the ruins between 1923 and
1933, when they dug into virgin soil and found, 18 metres below the top of the mound, remains
of several cultures, from Neolithic times* to the Christian era. A thin band of silt which had
accumulated about 12 metres below the surface indicated that Kish had been covered in water
in about 3200 BC and many think that this is evidence of the great Biblical flood. Astounding
also was the discovery, below the flood stratum, of a four-wheeled chariot, the earliest known
wheeled vehicle. Other discoveries showing the highly developed Sumerian civilization were
thick-walled temple towers, canals and a library with some of the earliest known writing.

(* Neolithic times: The last phase of the Stone Age, commonly thought to have begun around 9000-8000
B.C. in the Middle East)

1. stately A) destroyed B) ancient C) plain D) abandoned E) majestic

2. inscriptions A) writings B) bodies C) variations D) predictions E) columns

3. fertile A) beautiful B) fruitful C) barren D) civilized E) marshy

4. bend A) curve B) mouth C) coast D) flood E) flow

5. fortified A) attacked B) battled C) strengthened D) afforded E) combined

6. dominated A) ignored B) demanded C) destroyed D) mastered E) observed

7. declined A) progressed B) expanded C) dropped D) tilted E) deteriorated

8. course A) nature B) force C) flooding D) direction E) flowing

9. excavating A) noticing B) burying C) exercising D) releasing E) uncovering

10. so/7 A) waste B) earth C) refuse D) pebbles E) remains

11. mound A) river B) desert C) hill D) soil E) cliff

12. silt A) fuel B) obstacle C) coal D) drought E) sediment

13. astounding A) hopeful B) relevant C) amazing D) predictable E) scary

14. stratum A) layer B) influence C) altitude D) damage E) threat

 Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1. We can infer from the passage that the excavation of the ruins at Kish

A) proved that the area was uninhabitable before the Sumerians arrived
B) revealed how the Euphrates River had changed its course in ancient times
C) provided evidence that the city was founded soon after the flood mentioned in the Bible
D) astounded the archaeologists because the city was so large as to take up 24 square
kilometres of space
E) changed the previously available knowledge concerning the age of wheeled
transportation

2. One can conclude from the passage that the city of Kish

A) was inhabited by several different cultures at the same period of time

B) was replaced by Babylon as the capital of the Sumerian civilization
C) depended on the river Euphrates both for irrigation and transportation
D) needed to be next to the river Euphrates in order to remain powerful
E) was the only city to be fortified by the Sumerians

3. It is clear from the passage that the Sumerians

A) remained unknown until archaeologists uncovered their capital city in the first half of the
twentieth century
B) changed the direction that the river Euphrates was flowing in
C) were the most powerful nation in the Near East for a quite a long period in ancient
times
D) used to build their fortified cities amongst hills or in the bends of rivers
E) built the first library in the world

4. It is understood from the passage that King Sargon I

A) was not the first ruler of the Sumerians in Kish

B) ordered the building of the 24-kilometre walls that surrounded his capital city
C) deserted the city of Kish when the Euphrates River changed its direction
D) conquered all of the Near East during his reign
E) built many thick-walled temple towers, canals and a library

5. It can be concluded from the passage that

A) virgin soil protects objects of archaeological interest far better than desert sand does
B) the archaeologists spent ten years .excavating the city of Kish because they wanted to
find evidence of the Biblical flood
C) cities which are built next to rivers are certain to be abandoned later on
D) civilized people were living on the site of the future city of Kish before it was founded by
the Sumerians
E) wheat and the other crops grown alongside the Euphrates in ancient times were
exclusive to that area

9
 Circle the choice which has the same meaning aş the given sentence.

1. The city of Kish lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, about 13 kilometres east of
the site of Babylon in what is now Iraq.
A) In present-day Iraq, approximately 13 kilometres to the east of where Babylon was situated,
and between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is located the city of Kish.
B) In modern Iraq, between the Tigris River to the east and the Euphrates River to the west,
Babylon and the city of Kish can both be seen 13 kilometres apart from each other.
C) The city of Kish is a modern Iraqi city which is located between the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers, 13 kilometres to the east of another major city, Babylon.
2. As the traditional first capital of the Sumerians, Kish was an early centre of civilization.
A) Although Kish, as an early centre of civilization, was a traditional city, the Sumerians still
made it their capital.
B) Traditional Kish was quickly civilized by the Sumerians after they had made it their first capital.
C) Kish was, traditionally, the first Sumerian capital city, which made it an early centre of
civilization.
3. The Sumerians settled around a bend of the Euphrates River, where they built a city
fortified against their enemies, which was very big for its time.
A) As the Sumerians wanted to build a city very large for its time yet easy to defend, they
chose to establish it in a bend of the Euphrates River.
B) Having chosen a curve of the river Euphrates as their home, the Sumerians founded a city
there, which was very large for its day, and walled it to protect it from their enemies.
C) Although the Sumerian city, built beside a bend of the Euphrates River, was extremely large
for its time, they still had to build walls around it to keep their enemies out.
4. The city declined because the Euphrates changed its course elsewhere, and when finally
it was abandoned, desert sand covered its ruins.
A) The city had lost much of its importance when the Euphrates changed to another direction,
and by the time the last person left, desert sand had already covered most of its ruins.
B) After the reduction in power of the city due to the Euphrates changing to a new direction,
people fled from the place as desert sand began to spread over them.
C) The new route of the Euphrates caused the city to lose its power and then its remnants
were buried under desert sand after it had eventually been deserted.
5. Archaeologists excavating the ruins between 1923 and 1933, when they dug into virgin
soil, found, 18 metres below the top of the mound, the remains of several cultures, from
Neolithic times to the Christian era.
A) Archaeologists had expected the ruins to contain the relics of many cultures from Neolithic
times all the way up to the Christian era, so between 1923 and 1933 they dug 18 metres
below the top of the mound into virgin soil in order to find them.
B) During the excavations from 1923 to 1933, items left by several cultures dating from
Neolithic times to the Christian era were discovered by archaeologists while they were
digging into previously untouched earth 18 metres below the top of the mound.
C) The soil 18 metres below the top of the hill had previously not been touched by people and
so contained the remains of several cultures ranging from Neolithic times to the Christian
era, but archaeologists had to work hard for ten years, from 1923 until 1933, before they
could reach them.
6. Other discoveries showing the highly developed Sumerian civilization were thick-walled
temple towers, canals and a library with some of the earliest known writing.
A) Thick-walled temple towers, canals and a library containing some of the earliest pieces of
writing, displaying the very advanced Sumerian civilization, were other things that were
found.
B) Although the Sumerians had thick-walled temple towers, canals and a library containing
some of the earliest pieces of writing, it was the other discoveries which truly showed how
highly advanced their civilization was.
C) It has been found that the Sumerians built thick-walled temple towers, canals and libraries
with the earliest pieces of writing, all showing how advanced their civilization was.
10
4. A VACATION IN MONGOLIA

Read the passage below, and then try to guess the meanings of the italicized
words without using a dictionary.

In Mongolia you will certainly find whatever you have been searching for, if you want to
combine your love of nature with adventure. Your horse will take you through thick forests,
over green meadows, across high mountain passes, and through grasslands with grass so
high above your head that it swallows you until you emerge safely on the other side. Perhaps
you'll even meet Mongolian hunters as they follow their prey high into the mountains. Your
local hosts know the true meaning of hospitality, and you will find their food is outstanding.
Entire feasts are prepared in the middle of the wilderness and spiced whenever they can be
with freshly gathered mushrooms and herbs. The program includes exciting river rafting on the
Siberian-Chinese river Katune. Several times along the way you'll spend several nights at one
location for more thorough explorations.
A horseback journey across the Mongolian steppe is an experience not available
elsewhere on Earth. Steppe habitats once made up 25 percent of the global land area, but
while the Pampas, the Puszta, the Prairies and the Ukraine have largely been developed for
agricultural output, the Mongolian steppes have managed to survive untouched. The high
elevation of Mongolia creates unusually clear air all year round. It is an overwhelming visual
experience of emptiness and vastness to ride across the completely silent treeless steppes.
Stretching away into the distance: not a fence, no trace of human activity except for the
pastoralist's, no telegraph poles, no haze whatsoever, and the horizon is sharp.
Medieval games still survive in Mongolia and are part of the living cultural heritage of the
country, with wrestling, horseracing and archery still being the most popular sports. In July, the
National Nadaam Festival is held all across the country, the largest being in the capital Ulan
Bator itself. Herdsmen arrive on horseback from distant provinces, simultaneously training their
horses how to run fast, with such a journey lasting for any time between one and three
months. A giant nomadic camp is set up on the Jarmag Steppe area by them every year,
between the city and the Bogd Khan Mountain Biosphere.
To see the Nadaam is to have a close encounter with the three Mongol "manly games" of
horseracing, wrestling and archery, which were skills required and practised by their forebears
during the medieval times of Genghis Khan and his armies, and perhaps as far back as the
time of the Huns.

1. meadows- A) canyons B) rivers C) fields D) deserts E) cliffs

2. prey A) seasons B) crops C) worship D) victims E) weaponry
3. hospitality A) kindliness B) prejudice C) medicine D) tradition E) loneliness
4. gathered A) bought B) collected C)saved D) eaten E) discovered
5. location A) interval B) steppe C) environment D) activity E) place
6. output A) protection B) reservation C) yield D) herding E) desolation
7. elevation A) population B) purity C) atmosphere D) altitude E) descent
8. overwhelming A) frightening B) resistible C) powerful D) boring E) desperate
9. vastness A) silence B) largeness C) peace D) detail E) interest
10. haze A) clarity B) land C) air D) mist E) humanity
11. simultaneously A) for the time being B) at least C) at once
D) for a moment E) at the same time
12. nomadic A) migratory B) military C) permanent D) adventure E) urban
13. encounter A) sympathy B) participation C) feeling D) understanding E) meeting
14. forebears A) descendants B) characters C) ancestors D) forecasts E) contestants

11
 Read the sentences below and decide whether the statement is True (T) or False
(F) according to the passage.

1. Although Mongolia is known as the last steppe in the world, it actually has a wide
variety of different natural landscapes.

. 2. A more agricultural lifestyle is rapidly replacing the traditional nomadic one in

present-day Mongolia.

. 3. Mongolia is a suitable place to visit for those who are interested in an adventurous
nature vacation.

. 4. The ancestors of the modern Mongolians include both the people of Genghis Khan
and the Huns.

. 5. The local population are so protective of their traditions that they don't like to have
any contact with foreigners.

. 6. When a person is invited to visit Mongolians in the places where they live, the visitor
can be sure of being treated well and receiving very nice food.

. 7. Mongolians from outside of the capital attach little importance to the Ulan Bator
National Nadaam, preferring those that are held locally.

. 8. The sports most favoured by Mongolians are of the kind that would have prepared
men to be good warriors in times past.

. 9. The herdsmen who come from faraway areas to the Nadaam have already trained
their horses to run fast before they set out on their journey.

. 10. A person who travels over the steppes of Mongolia will be overwhelmed by the great
number of things which can be seen.

. 11. The Pampas, the Puszta, the Prairies and the Ukraine used to resemble the present
landscape of Mongolia, although they don't any more.

. 12. This particular vacation in Mongolia, while full of different experiences, only lasts for
a few days.

- 13. Mongolia's air has managed to remain clear only because the country is empty and
large and populated mainly by nomads.

. 14. Even when the herdsmen come from faraway places to the capital city, they still
continue to follow their own traditional way of life while they are there.

. 15. Nowhere else in the world are the conditions for a horseback journey like the one
across the Mongolian steppe existent.

12
 Circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence.

1. Your local hosts know the true meaning of hospitality, and you will find their food is
outstanding.
A) The local people you will stay with think that being hospitable, actually, means nothing more
than serving their guest the tastiest food that they are able to prepare.
B) Not only will you think their food is delicious, but you will also find the local people who invite
you to eat with them to be really warm.
C) The local people whom you meet do understand what kindliness to guests means, but they
do no more than provide nice-tasting meals.
2. Entire feasts are prepared in the middle of the wilderness and spiced whenever they can
be with freshly gathered mushrooms and herbs.
A) Far away from human settlement, they prepare very rich meals and spice them, when
possible, with freshly found mushrooms and herbs.
B) Before they are able to get the enormous meal ready, they first have to go out to pick fresh
mushrooms and herbs to spice it with.
C) Without the freshly collected mushrooms and herbs to spice them with, it would be
impossible to prepare rich meals in the middle of the open steppe.
3. Steppe habitats once made up 25 percent of the global land area, but while those in
other places have largely been developed for agricultural output, the Mongolian steppes
have managed to survive untouched.
A) Though the land in Mongolia was intended to be developed for agricultural production, like
those found elsewhere, it has survived as the only remnant of steppe land, which used to
cover 25 percent of the surface of our planet.
B) Although steppe lands, like the ones still found undamaged in Mongolia, used to take up a
quarter of the Earth's land area, the ones found elsewhere have for the most part been
turned into farmland.
C) The Mongolian steppe lands have managed to escape being developed for farming, but
other similar places, which on their own used to comprise about one-quarter of the Earth's land
area, haven't.
4. It is an overwhelming visual experience of emptiness and vastness to ride across the
completely silent treeless steppes.
A) Those who travel over the treeless steppes in silence will certainly be overcome with strong
feelings of remoteness.
B) While travelling by horse silently across the steppes, where not even trees grow, you may
notice that the area is great in size.
C) Riding through the silent steppe, unobstructed by any trees, provides the amazing sight of
an enormous and empty area.
5. Medieval games still survive in Mongolia and are part of the living cultural heritage of the
country, with wrestling, horseracing and archery still being the most popular sports.
A) Wrestling, horseracing and archery are the most liked of Mongolian sports, which have
remained as cultural traditions since the Middle Ages.
B) In the Middle Ages people could only survive in Mongolia if they knew the traditional arts of
wrestling, horseracing and archery; these are still practised today, but only as sports.
C) Although games from the Middle Ages, like wrestling, horseracing and archery, have
survived in Mongolia as cultural traditions, they are today no more than popular sports.
6. Herdsmen arrive on horseback from distant provinces, simultaneously training their
horses how to run quickly, with such a journey lasting for any time between one and
three months.
A) Although the herdsmen have trained their horses how to run at high speeds, it still takes
between one and three months for them to ride in from the remote provinces.
B) One to three months pass before the herdsmen arrive from distant areas, riding their horses,
so they have to teach them how to run speedily during the journey.
C) During the one- to three-month journeys that the herdsmen take from faraway areas, they
teach their horses to run fast.
 5. CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW
Fill in the blanks in the passages below with the correct choice.

"THE CONTENT OF THEIR CHARACTER":

LEGENDARY BLACK AMERICAN SPORTS HEROES
1. JACKIE ROBINSON 2. ARTHUR ASHE
"A life is not important except in the impact it With a win in the men's singles event at the US
has on other lives," reads the tombstone of Open tennis championship in 1968, Arthur Ashe
Jackie Robinson, the first Black athlete (1) became the first Black American to win a Grand
in baseball's major leagues in the 20th century. Slam, one of the four major tennis tournaments.
By breaking the color barrier in 1947, Robinson Five years earlier, in 1963, he had broken the
made great strides (2} for black athletes color barrier in tennis when he became the first
for all concerned with racial justice. When Black man selected to (6) the United
Jackie, who had in high school excelled at (3) States as a member of the Davis Cup team. In
sport he played, began playing baseball his career, he used his grace and power to stun
professionally, he had to play with the Negro opponents, and racked up a total of 33
Leagues because the major leagues were professional tournament titles before his
closed to Black players (4) Branch Rickey, retirement in 1980. Ashe was much more than
president of the Brooklyn Dodgers team, thought (7) a tennis player, though: he was also an
that this was wrong, and wanted to find eloquent spokesman who worked to effect
someone who could successfully integrate the social change both on and off the tennis court,
sport. He met with Jackie and, impressed by using the wealth he amassed from tennis to
both his skill and his courage, put him on the champion and support (8) causes the
field with the Dodgers in April 1947. The chief antiapartheid movement in South Africa, the
problem Jackie had to overcome was controlling plight of inner-city children and Haitian refugees
his fiery temper in the face of continual racial in the United States, and the education of
slurs from the crowds and the other ballplayers, people about AIDS. Sadly, AIDS was (9)
including some of (5) teammates. Jackie
never broke his promise to Rickey to remain claimed his life in the end: he (10) the
silent, even though pitchers sometimes disease during double bypass heart surgery in
deliberately threw the ball at him, hotels often 1983, and he died on 6 February 1993, in New
would not accommodate him, and he and his York City.
family received death threats. Instead, he let his
playing speak for him, and went on to have a
fantastic first season and, in the end, a Hall of 6.
Fame career. A) rejoice B) renovate
C) represent D) remove
1. E) recover
A) playing B) played
C) being played D) to play 7.
E) play A) not only B) such
C) barely D) also
2. E) just
A) not only...but also B) either...or
C) so much...that D) such...that 8.
E) neither...nor A) either...or B) neither...nor
C) so...that D) as much...as
3.
E) such...as
A) all B) many
C) both D) every 9.
E) some A) that B) what
4. C) why D) how
A) in time B) at the time E) when
C) over time D) at times
10.
E) out of time
A) had contracted
5. B) was contracted
A) them B) his own C) was contracting
C) him D) himself D) had been contracted
E) theirs E) has contracted

14
3. MUHAMMAD ALI 4. TOMMIE SMITH AND JOHN CARLOS

"Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee." This is
how Muhammad Ali, one of the greatest boxers
in history, described his fighting style. Nearly as
famous (11) his poetic way with words as
his spectacular abilities, Ali was born with the
name Cassius Clay in Louisville, Kentucky. He
first gained the heavyweight championship belt
in 1964 with a surprise victory (12) then-
champion Sonny Liston. Around the same time,
he became known for other reasons (13)
he joined the Nation of Islam and adopted the
name (14) he is now remembered, and he
also refused to serve in the American army
during the Vietnam War. For this action he was
stripped of his championship belt, banned from
boxing and sentenced to five years in prison.
When he was finally allowed to fight again, he
soon managed to regain the championship belt,
and he would go on to win the belt twice more
before finally (15) in 1981. After his
retirement, he continued as a hero to millions
around the world: in 1985, he was asked to
negotiate for the release of kidnapped
Americans in Lebanon, and he also lit the
Olympic flame at the 1996 Summer Olympics in
Atlanta, USA.
Few people may remember the names Tommie
Smith and John Carlos, yet (16) they did
during the medal award ceremony for the 200-
meter race in the 1968 Summer Olympics in
Mexico City will never be forgotten. As the flag
rose up the pole and the American national
anthem began, Smith and Carlos closed their
eyes, bowed their heads and raised one black-
gloved fist (17) - a symbol of the Black
Power movement. The two athletes were
: protesting the failure of the United States
government to do anything to truly eliminate the
injustices Black Americans were facing. Smith
later told the media that his right, black-gloved
fist represented Black power in America, while
Carlos' left fist represented Black unity: together
they formed an arch of unity and power. The
black scarf around Smith's neck stood for Black
pride and their black socks (they wore (18)
shoes) represented Black poverty in racist
America. For their actions, the men were
rewarded by being stripped of their medals,
forced to leave Mexico and banned from ever
again participating in the Olympics. In the end,
(19) the event turned out to be (20)
one of the most memorable events in Olympic
history a milestone in America's civil rights
movement.

11.
16.
A) for B)in
A) that B) how
C) with D) about
C) when D) which
E)to E) what
12.
17.
A) around B)by A) each B) all
C)over D)for C) some D) none
E) towards E) either

13. 18.
A) despite B) as well A) all - B) no
C) therefore D) in addition C) some D) either
E) although E)none

14. 19.
A) though B) hence
A) to whom B) for whose
C) despite D) although
C) about what D) by which
E) moreover
E) the fact that
20.
15. A) so...that B) either...or
A) to be retired B) to retire C) such...that D) both...and
C) retiring D) retired 'E) neither...nor
E) retire
 5. BOB BEAMON 6. MICHAEL JORDAN

The fact that Tommie Smith, in winning the
200-meter race in 1968, had set a world
record is now largely forgotten as a result of
the medal ceremony protest, but not (21)
with the record of another American athlete -
Bob Beamon, who specialized in the long
jump. Beamon had considered taking part in
Smith and Carlos's Black Power protest, but
eventually (22) doing something just (23)
memorable. Prior to Beamon's long jump
in Mexico City in 1968, the world record in
that event (24) 13 times since 1901, with
an average increase of 0.06 meters and the
longest increase being 0.15 meters. As
Beamon prepared, the world record stood at
8.35 meters - and then he jumped 8.90
meters, shattering the record by 0.55 meters.
(25) the defending Olympic champion,
Lynn Davies of England, told Beamon, "You
have destroyed this event," and in track and
field jargon a new adjective - "Beamonesque"
- came into use to describe spectacular feats.
Beamon's record wasn't broken until 1991,
twenty-three years later, when Mike Powell
jumped 8.95 meters at the Track and Field
World Championships in Tokyo.
When we think of basketball legend Michael
Jordan, we think of a man soaring through
the air, his tongue hanging from his mouth in
concentration as he defies gravity to score
two (26) points for the Chicago Bulls.
His face is known throughout the world, from
Baltimore to Bangladesh, and the image of
him leaping upwards, basketball in hand, was
long used as a symbol for the Nike company.
He played college ball at the University of
North Carolina, (27) in 1982 he won the
championship game with a last-second shot.
Professionally, he played for the Bulls for
thirteen seasons and won numerous honors,
not to mention six NBA championships.
Though he was unstoppable on the court, he
was not immune to tragedy (28) it: in
August 1993, his father, James Jordan, was
murdered. (29) returning from the
funeral of a friend, he had decided to pull
over onto the side of the road to take a nap.
As he slept, two local criminals pulled up,
killed him, and stole his car - the car which
Michael had recently bought him as a gift.
The men were soon caught, but Michael -
understandably traumatized by the incident -
retired soon after. However, (30) a year
he was back on the court, dominating the
game as he had always done.

21. 26.
A) like B)so A) much B) most
C) what D) such C) so D) more
E) though E) same
22.
27.
A) cut into B) put off
C) broke in D) went down A) that B) which
E)ended up C) why D) what
E) where
23.
A)such B) when 28.
C) much D) like A) off B) from
E)as C) in D) with
E)upon
24.
A) had been broken 29.
B) broke A) Upon B) As well as
C) had broke
C) So that D) While
D) was being broken
E) was breaking E) During

25. 30.
A) After . B) While A) over B) within
C) By the time D) Afterwards C) through D) at
E) When E)about

1R
6. LEARN THESE
PHRASAL VERBS

Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs below. Pay attention to the verb
form.

1. fall behind lag behind, in pace or progress; fail to keep pace

2. run on continue without interruption
3. give out fail
4. let up slacken; diminish; abate
5. sell out betray an associate, one's country, a cause, etc.; turn traitor
6. kick in become operational; activate; go into effect; start
7. pull off perform successfully, esp. something requiring courage, daring or
shrewdness
8. turn in hand in; submit
9. wipe out eliminate, destroy or defeat completely
10. kick around consider, discuss, or speculate about (a proposal, project, etc.)

1. Kate thought that her spell of bad luck had to at some point because
things couldn't get much worse.
2. The thieves were doubtful that they would be able to the robbery since
it would be such a complicated operation, but they decided that it was worth the risk.
3. The disgruntled employee .- his company by giving business secrets to
their biggest competitor.
4. When Jenny became sick with the flu, she didn't want to in her
classes, so she asked her sister to bring home her homework and school books for her.
5. While the couple was eating a leisurely dinner at their favorite restaurant, they
the idea of starting a family within the next year.
6. The dodo, which was a flightless bid native to Mauritius, was by
Europeans in the 17th century after they had overhunted it and brought animals to the
island which ate its eggs.
7. The long, straight stretch of Texas highway seemed to forever since
you couldn't see anything else on the horizon.
8. Since time was up, Sandra was forced to her exam paper even
though she hadn't finished writing the essay.
9. Although increased government spending or cuts in taxation can help to cause
economic growth in a country, it is not easy for economists to predict when exactly their
effects will
10.The zipper of the actress's dress while in the limo on the way to the
award ceremony, so she had to suture up the dress herself with a safety pin.
Replace the italicized phrasal verb with a verb from the list. Pay attention to the
verb form.
fail lag behind abate
start submit destroy
1. The Great Fire of October 8, 1871 began in the barn of Patrick and Katherine O'Leary
and wiped out ( •.....) a third of the city of Chicago.
2. The interest of people from other countries in South Africa has let up
( ) somewhat since the end of apartheid and the first multi-racial
election in 1994, even though the serious problems of poverty, AIDS and crime continue
to plague the country.
3. I have always regretted that my strength gave out ( ) before I was
able to cross the finish line of the marathon.
4. When leading slaves to freedom on the perilous journey to the North, Harriet Tubman
maintained strict discipline, and if a runaway fell behind ( ) or wished
to turn back, she forced him on at gunpoint.
5. The teacher informed us well in advance that we would have to turn in
(. ) our research papers before the term break.
6. Since the law requiring that you wear a seat belt kicked in ( ), Ron
has gotten three tickets because he refuses to wear one.
17
 Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs below. Pay attention to the verb
form.

1. follow out carry to a conclusion; execute

2. show up come to or arrive at a place
3. get at reach; touch
4. occur to sb suddenly think of sth
5. let down betray
6. look up become better or more prosperous; improve
7. check out vacate and pay for one's quarters at a hotel or a
similar place
8. do without forego; dispense with
9. get back (at) be revenged on
10. bring about cause

1. Even standing on a chair, I couldn't quite the light fixture to change

the light bulb, so I had to borrow a ladder from my neighbor.
2. Gamze felt very when she learned that her boyfriend had lied to her
again after he had promised to be honest with her.
3. Because he was sworn to do so, the soldier his orders, even though he
thought that the operation was morally wrong.
4. As they were paying the bill, it her that her friend still owed her
money from the week before, but she didn't feel comfortable reminding her.
5. Earthquakes can be through the use of dynamite and atomic
explosions, which can trigger earthquakes by causing a change in the arrangement of
rock in the Earth's crust.
6. Although the war in Iraq was sold to the American people as a chance to
at al-Qaida for destroying the World Trade Center, no link actually
existed between the old Iraqi government and that terrorist group.
7. When we fifteen minutes late for the play, we weren't allowed to take
our seats and we had to wait for intermission before we could go in.
8. We overslept until two o'clock in the afternoon on the day that we were supposed to
of our resort at eleven o'clock in the morning, so we had to pay for
an extra day.
9. You aren't making as much money as you used to, so from now on you are going to
have to some things that you are accustomed to.
10.Brooke advised her friend to keep thinking positively because things were sure to
for her soon.

Replace the italicized phrasal verb with a verb from the list. Pay attention to the
verb form.
forego improve cause
betray reach execute
Shortly after she graduated from university, her parents were killed in a boating
accident, so she had to do without ( ) many things in order to care
for her two younger brothers.
A diet that is deficient in vitamin A can bring about ( ) loss of vision
in dim light, so it is good to include fish and carrots in your diet since they both have
high amounts of that vitamin.
Billy's mom tried to keep the cookie jar away from him by putting it on top of the fridge,
but he climbed onto the counter and was still able to get at ( ) it.
4. Many people in the nationalist movement in Ireland felt let down ( )
by Britain when they refused to grant Ireland its home rule as they had promised after
World War I, and this led to an increase in anti-British feelings throughout the country.
5. Parliaments pass laws or make decisions which are then followed out
( ) by the president of the state.
6. Ever since I found a new job that isn't as stressful as my old one, everything about my
life has been looking up ( ).

18
 EXAMPLES FROM Ov«s/YDS
1. The new secretary hasn't used this C) that the heating of most foods causes
type of computer before, so they are losses in the vitamin content
showing her to use it. D) if several friends will help me paint my
house
A) how B) why E) because Mark is so stubborn that it is
C) what D) which useless to try to convince him
E) who (ÖYS 7994)
(ÖYS 1990)
6. ......... I meet John he complains about
2. I'll be at home all day; so, you can the neighbours.
come and see me you want.
A) Whenever B) Whatever
A) whenever B) whichever C) Whereas D) Whichever
C) whoever D) whatever E) While
E) wherever (ÖYS 7995)
(ÖYS 1991)
7. I've brought two newspapers. You can
3. Genellikle mevsim değişikliklerinin
have ......... one you like.
üzerimizde belli etkileri olduğu kabul A) whenever B) whichever
edilir. C) however D) whoever
E) whatever
A) Obviously, seasonal changes will have (ÖYS 7996)
an effect on us.
B) Seasonal changes generally do not
agree with us. 8. I didn't realize it would take me to
C) Certain results of the seasonal get there on foot.
changes are quite agreeable.
D) As far as we are concerned, the A) so far . B) how much
effects of seasonal changes are C) how far D) so long
obvious. E) how long
E) It is generally agreed that seasonal (ÖYS 7997)
changes have certain effects upon us.
(ÖYS 7992)
9. Can you tell me this bicycle
belongs to?
4. I'm afraid I can't remember
A) what B) whose
A) if he would refuse to give any details C) who D) that
B) unless they worked late yesterday E) which
C) until we got to the nearest station (ÖYS 7997)
D) that I should finish it by lunch time
E) where Peter said he had put the files
(ÖYS 7993) 10. The Parents' Committee still can't
decide ....... the construction of a new
playground really is necessary.
5. It is well known

A) as mothers ought to be more patient A) despite B) so as

with their children C) in case D) whether
B) so you would save a great deal of E) so that
money (ÖYS 7998)

19
 11 broke the window will have to pay 14. A job interview is a chance for you to
for a new one. find out
A) Who B) Whoever A) since first impressions are of great
C) Anyone D) Someone importance
E) The one B) as if you really were the one they were
(YDS 2002) looking for
C) if you are going to prepare some
relevant questions
12. He adores his little granddaughter so D) whether you and the job are right for
he'll do she wants him to do. each other
E) so long as you are able to relax
A) all of them B) however
C) whatever D) most of all (YDS 2004)
E) the same

(YDS 2003)

13. His Collected Essays continues to

reveal .... George Orwell understood
the basic conflicts of the modern
world.
A) just as B) so well
C) if ever D) how well
E) even so
(YDS 2003)

20
 TEST YOURSELF 1
1 -45 Sorularda cümlede bırakılan 7. I'm not sure we will go to the
boş, , gun şekilde tamamlayan wedding, but we should still buy them
kelime ya da ifadeyi bulunu- a gift and send it to them.
1 he is the son of a wealthy A) whether B) whom
senator helped him get into the
prestigious university, because his C) when D) where
grades weren't good enough for him to E) which
qualify on his own.
8. Could you tell me I should
A) The fact that B) Whether or not speak to regarding the open position
C)How D) What advertised in yesterday's newspaper?
E) When
2. I'm not sure starter is the best A) how B) what
at this restaurant. Why don't you ask C) when D) why
the waiter for his opinion? E) whom
A) who B) when 9. I don't understand Mary was
C) which D) how complaining about since I thought that
E) whether
both the food and the service were
3. Many different species of plant and excellent at that restaurant.
animal have become extinct
mankind has been polluting the A) where B) how
environment and destroying natural C) what D) which
habitats in search of so-called E) why
"development".
A) how B) when 10. I love to travel and experience different
C) why D) until cultures, so I make a plan to visit a
E) since new place I have time off from
work.
4. I don't know I will be working
or not on Saturday. Can I let you know A) however B) whenever
on Friday night, or will that be too
late? C) whoever D) whichever
E) whatever
A) where B) that
C)if D) when 11. Didn't your teacher tell you yet
E) how books you are supposed to read over
the semester? Ask her for the list
5 we'll do about our pets while
we are gone is something we should when you see her at school tomorrow,
think about before we begin planning will you?
an extended holiday.
A) which B) whom
A) Which B) When C) where D) when
C) Where D What E) how
E) How
6. I can't remember it has been 12.1 can't imagine anyone would
since f last went to the beach, but it want to live in such a remote area so
was at least two or three years ago. far away from the city.
A) how often B) how long A) what B) how far
C) how far D) how many C) whom D) why
E) how much
E) which

21
 13. The museum curator explained to us 19. The recent report on areas will
they track down the source of be affected the most during an
each work of art before they even earthquake explains the
consider purchasing it. housing prices have dropped so
drastically in that area: it was on the
A) however B) whom top of the list.
C) how D) how far
E) what A) how long/that
B) which/why
14. Can you ask the salesperson C) when/what
the taxes are included in the price he D) where/how
quoted us for the car? E) what/where

A) how B) if 20. For my holiday destinations, I usually

C) when D) that choose may be thought of by
E) which some people as boring, but I prefer the
peace and quiet in such places.
15. You can't even imagine I miss
my children now they are studying at A) what B) how
university. C) that D) who
E) where
A) how much B) how long
C) however D) whomever 21 all drugs have the potential to
E) how many be both beneficial and harmful should
not be ignored when using them.
16. I could see proud my parents A) Whenever B) However
were of me by the looks on their faces C) Whether D) How long
at my graduation ceremony. E) The fact that
A) which B) that 22 the results of this study show is
C) when D) what happier people live longer,
E) how healthier lives; so it is important to try
to think positively about everything in
17 I accept the position offered to life.
me at the university depends on how
much the salary is and benefits A) What/that
they offer. B) How/who
C) That/when
A) How/however D) When/how long
B) Even if/which E) Which/how much
C) The fact that/why
D) Whether/what 23. The Internet has become so important
E) Whatever/whose in daily life that it is usually possible to
find an Internet cafe you are in
the world.
18. Everyone knows the politician
has been accepting bribes from the A) whoever B) wherever
Mafia, but no one is brave enough to C) however D) whenever
do anything about it because they E) whichever
know dangerous it is to cross
the Mafia. 24. I suggest that you go to the computer
centre on campus and just ask
A) which/that is there to help you get your laptop
B) how much/what running again.
C) that/how
D) when/the fact that A) whenever B) wherever
E) where/which C) whichever D) whoever
E) whomever

22
25. I don't know exactly it will take 31 TV show you choose to watch,
me to get to your house on Friday you will still have to miss out on one of
because I will be coming from work your favourite shows since they are
rather than home, and I am not familiar scheduled at the same time now.
with the route.
A) Whomever B) Whichever
C) Whenever D) Wherever
A) however B) how long E) However
C) what else D) what time
E) when 32 I wear tonight depends on
you're planning to take me to.
26. You shouldn't give your phone number Shall I wear something special, or
to you meet because they should I dress more casually?
could begin to harass you and then
you would be forced to change your A) If/what B) How/when
number. C) Which/that D) Whether/how
E) What/where
A) whenever B) wherever 33. The teacher showed the children
C) however D) whomever she wanted them to perform
E) whatever during the final show for their parents,
and they practised every day until it
27. When Shelly told me her phone was nearly perfect.
bill was last month, I was shocked; I
guess she has been making a lot of A) how B) since
long distance phone calls. C) whom D) which
E) when
A) how else B) where
C) whenever D) which 34. I like to stay at my friend's house
I go to Kuşadası because it is
E) how much more fun than staying at a hotel and I
don't have to worry about a check-out
28. Of course we would prefer you to time.
choose to study law rather than art,
but you choose to study, we A) whoever B) whichever
will support you in your decision. C) whenever D) wherever
E) however
A) wherever B) where else
C) however D) whichever 35. It was only after he was convicted of
E) how else the crime that he revealed he
had been able to break into such a
secure compound without being
29. I don't know exactly he lives, detected.
but I know the general area, so it
shouldn't be too difficult to find his A) which. B) how
address. C) whom D) where
E) what
A) whom B) when
C) where D) why 36. Fatma is feeling very anxious because
E) what she will learn university she
will be attending next year the
30. When Carmen found out she examination results are announced
next week.
was pregnant, she immediately went to
her husband to tell him the good news. A) what/where
B) that/how
A) why B) what C) where/whether
C) when D) that D) whether/if
E) how E) which/when
37. Airport security tried to find out 44. After two weeks of receiving
bag it was that had been left next to mysterious phone calls in the middle
the telephone booth before they had of the night, Margaret still couldn't find
the bomb squad come in to check it out was calling her.
out.
A) what B) why
A) whose B) who C) how D) who
C) what D) which
E) whom
E) how
38. I've lost count of times I have 45. Both Eamon and Paul are good at
had to ask Joseph not to leave the milk public relations, so I'm sure of
out on the counter, and he still did it them you appoint as head of the
again today. department will manage very well.

A) how far how often A) whoever B) whomever

C) how many how long C) whichever D) whatever
E) how much E) wherever
39. ! couldn't believe weight Pat 46-55. sorularda, yarım bırakılan
had lost after her surgery! I hardly cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan
recognized her because she looked ifadeyi bulunuz.
like a totally different person.
46. While we were touring the castle, the
A) however B) how few
C) how far D) how often tour guide showed us .............
E) how much
A) where can we take an interesting
40. Her recent behaviour should prove to photograph
you you can't trust her with B) how much he would love his job
anything that is important to you since C) which made me feel frightened
it is obvious that she doesn't care. D) where the torture chamber used to be
located
A) whom B) that E) whether we could take pictures or not
C) where D) which
E) what 47. Are you sure you perfectly understood

41. There used to be a park in is

now the new shopping centre, and I A) what was explained in chemistry class
would go jogging there every morning. yesterday
B) why did he give us such complex
A) where B) when directions
C) what D) how C) until he stopped shouting at the
E) that students
D) once all the speakers have used their
42. Sandra knows she should apologize allotted time
for she did, but she is just too E) since the chairman is speaking very
embarrassed to do so. softly to himself
A) how B) what 48. Since the food ran out, it appears that
C) whether D) whom
E) why Patrick did not correctly estimate

43. I'll decide to give him another

chance after I hear his side of the story A) if everyone had shown up
when he comes over tonight. B) whenever the guests began to leave
C) on condition that everyone has arrived
A) whether or not hungry
B) the fact that D) whether he would go to the party or
C) however not
D) what else E) how many people would turn up at the
E) whenever party
49. When he first visited Singapore, he
didn't know
A) by the time he was arrested for
speeding
B) ever since he had read the guidebook
C) why he has actually chosen to go
there
that it was illegal to spit on the street
which of the recommended hotels
should he stay at
50. Since the President's assassination,
everyone has been wondering
A) just when the Vice President was
making an announcement
B) whether the new President will be a
strong enough leader for the country
C) even though they still haven't caught
the assassin or assassins
D) the fact that the country has recovered
from its negative effects quickly
E) that the Vice President is incapable of
leading in these difficult times
51. Early circus performers went from
town to town exhibiting their acts and
animals
A) the most popular of them was the
performing horse
B) wherever they could draw crowds
C) their tents got larger with increased
public interest
D) so many great circuses were forced to
close during the Great Depression
E) which was at first mostly a family affair
52 ., so they must be getting ready
to close the restaurant.
A) They found the onion rings that we
ordered an hour ago
B) The people who were sitting outside
might have left
C) Whenever I sit down to eat here a
waiter never comes
D) Now that we finally have some peace
and quiet
E) They have just brought the tables and
chairs on the patio in
53 is the basic requirement for the
job.
A) Whoever can type fifty words per
minute
B) With a proper certificate for teaching
obtained from a decent institution
C) That the applicants can speak both
English and French
D) When you state which university you
attended
E) Which schools or companies have you
worked for before
54 is a long, story, but I'll tell you if
you want to hear it.
A) How I managed to escape from my
kidnappers without being hurt
B) Since I was kidnapped by guerrillas
while visiting Colombia
C) Whenever you want to hear an
interesting tale
D) When I have recovered from my
recent ordeal
E) Every time I travel around Latin
America .
55 the purpose is to get away from
ordinary life for a while and enjoy
relaxation and recreation.
• A) The fact that the winter resort is of
more recent origin
B) Whichever type of holiday is chosen
C) Since summer was the usual time for
holidays
D) If one finds arranging for a trip a
difficult task
E) Though tour operators arrange every
aspect of a travel package
56-65. sorularda, verilen cümleye
anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi
bulunuz.
56. British novelist lan Fleming is the man
who created James Bond, the best-
known hero of spy fiction in the late
20th century.
A) Ian Fleming was a famous British spy
late in the 20th century who created
and wrote about a fictional character
by the name of James Bond.
B) James Bond and Ian Fleming were
fictional British spy characters who
were both very famous in the late 20th
century.
C) Ian Fleming wrote extensively about
the British spy James Bond in the late
1900s, but most of what he wrote was
fiction.
D) James Bond, the most well-known
fictional spy character of the late
1900s, is the creation of the British
author Ian Fleming.
E) Ian Fleming is considered a British
hero for his creation of James Bond, a
fictional spy whom he wrote of in the
late 20th century.
 57. According to Greek mythology, the god
Apollo granted King Midas the gift that
everything he touched would turn to
gold, but since even his food did so,
he had to ask the god to take the gift
back.
A) According to Greek mythology, King
Midas didn't like to eat golden food, so
he asked the god Apollo if he could
take back his ability to turn everything
into gold.
B) Greek mythology tells us that Apollo
tricked King Midas when he gave him
the power to turn everything he
touched into gold because Midas
wasn't able to eat anything until Apollo
withdrew the gift.
C) In Greek mythology, the ability to turn
everything he touched into gold was
given to King Midas by the god Apollo,
but Midas was forced to give it back
when he found that his touch turned
even his food to gold.
D) In Greek mythology, King Midas had
the favour of the god Apollo, who gave
,him the gift of being able to turn
whatever he touched into gold, but
* Midas refused to receive this gift.
E) According to Greek myth, Apollo
thought that King Midas was too greedy,
so he taught him a lesson by making
everything he touched, including his
food, turn to gold, until Midas asked
him to withdraw the gift.
58. With his groundbreaking films of the
ocean, Jacques Cousteau revealed to
the world the hidden universe under
the sea.
A) Jacques Cousteau introduced the
public to the unknown world which lies
beneath the sea through his original
and innovative films.
B) Jacques Cousteau wanted to show the
hidden underwater ecosystem to the
general public, so he made films of it
for them.
C) Using special underwater cameras,
Jacques Cousteau was able to show
everyone what lies hidden beneath the
sea.
D) There is an unknown world underneath
the sea, and it was Jacques Cousteau
who first discovered that and shared
his information with others.
E) Jacques Cousteau was a passionate
filmmaker who loved to film the hidden
world beneath the sea and have
others watch what he had filmed.
26
59. Amsterdam has a reputation for
tolerance and individualism, so it is a
place where people of differing
religions and lifestyles have long been
welcome.
A) People with different religions and
ways of living have always been well-
received in Amsterdam because it is a
city known for being tolerant and
supportive of personal independence.
B) People love Amsterdam because of its
welcoming atmosphere towards
everyone, regardless of their religion
or lifestyle.
C) The people of Amsterdam have .always
been known for their tolerance of
people who have religions different
from their own as well as different
ways of living their lives.
D) Amsterdam is a very tolerant city
where individuals from ail different
backgrounds are welcomed and can
live whatever kind of lifestyle they
prefer.
E) People like to visit Amsterdam
because of its tolerant lifestyle and the
mixture of religions welcomed by all in
the city.
60. Some people feel that you can't
simplify grief by ignoring it, but that
instead you just have to acknowledge
it.
A) Even when they are sad, some people
are able to suppress their feelings and
go through life normally.
B) People who can get past their own
grief should still be acknowledged for
their efforts in grieving.
C) Being in grief can be a simple matter if
you have people around you to sit with
you and acknowledge your feelings.
D) That you have to grieve is an accepted
belief by those who have spent time
simplifying and acknowledging it.
E) According to some, with grief, you
should come to terms with it rather
than trying to turn away from it.
61. When she arrived in New York fresh
from college and a trip abroad, she
was broke but excited.
A) Her trip abroad cost a lot of money
and now she is broke, but she is
thrilled to be finally in New York after
graduating from college.
B) When she moved to New York, she
didn't have any money left because
she had spent it all on tuition and a
holiday abroad.
C) After she graduated from college in
New York, she was excited about
taking a trip overseas, but she was
running out of money.
D) She didn't have any money, but she
was full of enthusiasm at the time she
came to New York, having just
completed college and a holiday
overseas.
E) She took one last trip abroad after
college and before going to New York,
where she planned to make a new life
for herself.
62. During the early years of the American
Revolution, Britain controlled the seas
and its powerful fleet enabled it to
blockade much of the coast and to
strike wherever it chose.
A) It was only early on in the American
Revolution that Britain had control of
the seas, because eventually the
Americans were able to run the
blockades and make surprise attacks.
B) Since Britain had so many powerful
warships, it was able to maintain
control of the seas during the
American Revolution by blocking
access to the coast and making
attacks.
C) Since Britain dominated the seas at
the beginning of the American
Revolution, it was able to attack any
place it wanted as well as blockade
most of the coast using its strong fleet.
. D) Even though Britain had control of the
seas, the Americans were able to
defeat the British navy during the
American Revolution through
blockades and attacks.
E) Britain possessed such a powerful
navy during the early years of the
American Revolution that the
Americans stood no chance against its
blockades or the attacks made
wherever the British wanted.
63. A real-life suicide epidemic in southern
Turkey in the early nineties likely
inspired Orhan Pamuk's novel Snow.
A) The actual suicide cases in the south
of Turkey in the early nineties must
have deeply affected the author Orhan
Pamuk, since he dealt with this as his
theme in his novel Snow.
B) When Orhan Pamuk heard about the
mass suicides in southern Turkey
during the early nineties, he was
inspired to write the novel Snow based
on the events.
C) Orhan Pamuk was personally touched
by a suicide in southern Turkey in the
early 1990s and wrote about this event
in his novel Snow.
D) The novel Snow was inspired by
actual events in the author Orhan
Pamuk's life in the early nineties, when
there was a suicide epidemic in
southern Turkey.
E) It is probable that it was an actual rash
of suicides in the south of Turkey
during the early 1990s that supplied
Orhan Pamuk with the inspiration for
his novel Snow.
64. Charlotte loves the look of her white
wrought-iron garden chairs, although
she knows that they are very
uncomfortable to sit on.
A) Charlotte is thinking of replacing the
white wrought-iron chairs she is using
in the garden because, even though
they are pretty, they are not
comfortable.
B) It doesn't bother Charlotte that she is
uncomfortable while sitting on her
white wrought-iron garden chairs,
because she loves them so much.
C) Whenever Charlotte sits in the garden
on her white wrought-iron chairs, she
thinks that they look nice but that they
are pretty uncomfortable.
D) Even though she knows that they don't
look very nice and they are pretty
uncomfortable, Charlotte loves the
white wrought-iron chairs in her
garden.
E) Charlotte is aware that it is not
comfortable to sit on her white
wrought-iron garden chairs, but she
does love the fact that they look so
nice that she loves.
27
 65. NuKitchen is a New-York based
company that delivers wholesome
prepared meals, which they drop off
every morning in a cooler bag.
A) When you use NuKitchen in New York,
you will learn how to prepare healthy
foods out of the ingredients that are
delivered to you every morning in
cooler bags.
B) There is a company based in New
York called NuKitchen which will
prepare and deliver healthy foods to
you each morning in a cooler bag.
C) NuKitchen cooler bags are delivered
all over New York each morning with
healthy food for people too busy to
prepare their own meals.
D) You can only use NuKitchen if you live
in New York since they only deliver
their healthy, ready-made meals within
the city each morning using cooler
bags.
E) You can tell who uses NuKitchen in
New York by the cooler bags
containing prepared healthy meals
sitting outside some houses in the
mornings.
66. "That sounds like a wonderful idea! It's
a beautiful day outside."
A) Why don't we take a break and go for
a walk?
B) Aren't you warm wearing such a heavy
jacket?
C) You regularly jog in that park in the
mornings, don't you?
D) You're not going to work with that cold,
are you?
E) Is there something you have planned
to do after work?
67. "Yes, I stopped off at the bank on my
way home from work."
A) Did you receive your pay cheque
yesterday, or will they give it today?
B) Have you forgotten to check your bank
balance again?
C) What should we do in order not to
waste the extra money we were paid?
D) Did you deposit that money I gave you
yesterday?
E) Don't forget to pay the cleaning lady
this week, will you?
28
68. "Sure, how much do you need?"
A) Have you asked your boss for a pay
rise yet?
B) Do you think we have enough money
to do some shopping after work?
C) Can I borrow some money from you
until I get paid next week?
D) Don't you think we should take some
time off soon?
E) I am going to visit my parents this
weekend. Is that okay with you?
69. "Thanks! I will let you know on Friday
if we need you."
A) It seems that you'll need some
assistance preparing for your party on
Saturday, won't you?
B) Isn't it a little late to be asking for
help?
C) You wouldn't mind if I went out of town
this weekend, would you?
D) May I come to your house this
weekend?
E) Should you want any help moving this
weekend, don't hesitate to ask, okay?
70. "Yes, of course. Please help yourself."
A) Do you have any idea where the
waiter is?
B) May I. have some of your French fries?
C) Have you checked your e-mail?
D) Can you tell your boss that Ms. Jones
is here?
E) Don't forget to buy some milk, will
you?
71. "Is it, really? It doesn't feel like it to
me."
A) Why are you wearing a sweater? It's
such a warm day.
B) I feel like swimming this weekend.
Shall we go to the beach?
C) Did you happen to see my diary? It
isn't in its usual place.
D) Haven't you been to the pharmacy
today? We've run out of cough syrup.
E) Don't put on those jeans today, will
you? They look very dirty.
72. "Sorry, he's out of town until next
week."
A) Do you know why Mr. Landry hasn't
come back from lunch yet?
B) Whom do I need to see regarding this
issue?
C) Don't you think he should take less
time off?
D) Can I make an appointment with Dr.
Larson for this afternoon?
E) May I borrow the lecture notes from
you?
73. "Yes, we get together for dinner once a
month."
A) I can't believe he's stopped
corresponding with all of us, can,you?
B) How do you manage to keep in close
contact with your old friends?
C) You don't seem very keen to go to this
family reunion, do you?
D) Is your monthly meeting this weekend
or next?
E) Do you keep in touch with your friends
from university?
74. "Aren't they the ones on the kitchen
counter?"
A) There aren't any cookies left, are
there?
B) Have you seen my glasses anywhere?
C) Where did you put my glass of water?
D) Didn't you give her the gift you
bought?
E) Are these my keys here on the table or
yours?
75. "No, I don't have to work tomorrow, so
I can sleep in."
A) Isn't it a little late to be going out to
meet your friends?
B) Where do you usually go on Friday
nights after work?
C) Let's go out for a drink on Saturday,
shall we?
D) How often do you go to a club?
E) Do you get to go out with your friends
very often?
76. Yakın zamanda yayımlanan bilimsel
makalelerde, genetik olarak müdahale
edilmiş yiyeceklerin insan sağlığı için
tehlikeli olabileceği vurgulanmaktadır.
A) According to recently published
scientific articles, genetically modified
food may turn out to be hazardous for
human health.
B) That genetically modified food could
be hazardous for human health is
something that has been emphasized
in some scientific articles published
recently.
C) In recently published scientific articles,
it has been emphasized that
genetically modified food could be
hazardous for human health.
D) Recently published scientific articles
have all been emphasizing the fact
that genetically modified food might be
hazardous for human health.
E) The emphasis in some recently
published scientific articles has been
on the fact that genetically modified
food is hazardous for human health.
77. Senin hakkında ne söylemiş olursa
olsun, onun seni gerçekten sevdiğini
kabul etmen gerekir.
A) No matter what you have been told
about him, you must accept the fact
that he truly loves you.
B) Since I believe he really loves you,
don't worry about what he said about
you.
C) Whatever he said about you, you must
accept the fact that he truly loves you.
D) You must accept the fact that he truly
loves you, no matter what you think
about the comments he made.
E) It does not matter what he said about
you, because you know that he really
loves you.
29
 78. Keşfettiği şeyin aslında yeni bir kıta
olduğunu asla kabul etmemiş olması
belki de Kolomb'la ilgili en şaşırtıcı
olan gerçektir.
A) That he had discovered a new
continent was never accepted by
Columbus himself, and this is perhaps
the most surprising fact about him.
B) It is very surprising that Columbus
never actually realized that what he
had discovered was a new continent.
C) Perhaps what was most surprising
about Columbus was that he never
accepted the fact that he had
discovered a new continent.
D) That Columbus never accepted that
what he had discovered was actually a
new continent was perhaps the most
surprising fact about him.
E) It is very surprising that Columbus
never realized that what he had
discovered was actually a new
continent.
79. Sendika, işçilerin fabrikanın bazı
bölümlerine gidebilmek için neden
elektronik kartlar kullanması gerektiği
konusunda idareden bir açıklama talep
etti.
81. Before the spokesperson came out
A) The administration informed the union
that the workers were only to be
allowed to go into some sections of the
factory provided that they used
electronic cards.
B) The union demanded an explanation
from the administration about why the
workers had to use electronic cards to
be able to go into certain sections of
the factory.
C) The union was given an explanation
by the administration about why the
workers were unable to go into some
sections of the factory unless they
used electronic cards.
D) The workers were not allowed to go
into certain sections of the factory
unless they used-electronic cards, and
the union asked the administration to
explain the reasons for this.
E) The union demanded an explanation
as to why the workers were only
permitted to go into certain sections of
the factory without the use of an
electronic card.
80. Kendisine teklif edilen işi kabul etmeye
karar verdi ve kararını şirkete bildirdi,
ve maalesef bunu, benim onaylayıp
onaylamadığımı sormadan yaptı.
30
A) Unfortunately, he didn't ask for my
opinion about the job he was offered,
but he did let the company know that
he had decided to accept the position.
B) He decided to take the job they offered
him, regardless of whether I approved
of his decision or not, and unfortunately,
he has already let the company know
this.
C) He decided to accept the job offered to
him and let the company know about
his decision, and unfortunately, he did
this without asking whether or not I
approved.
D) It was unfortunate that, even without
asking whether or not I approved, he
let the company know that he had
decided to accept the job he had been
offered.
E) He just let the company know that he
decided to accept the job offered to
him, and he didn't even ask for my
opinion while doing so, which was
unfortunate.
and announced to the public that the
elections would be held early, no one
had any idea of what the ministers had
been discussing in the meeting.
A) Sözcü dışarı çıkıp seçimlerin erken
gerçekleştirilmesi yönünde karar
aldıklarını açıklamadan önce, herkes
bakanların toplantıda ne görüştüğü
konusunda fikir yürütüyordu.
B) Sözcü dışarı çıkıp kamuoyuna
seçimlerin erken gerçekleştirilmesi
gerektiğine karar verdiklerini
açıklayana kadar kimse bakanların
toplantıda ne görüştüğünü bilmiyordu.
C) Herkes bakanların toplantıda ne
görüştüklerine dair fikir yürütmeye
çalışırken, sözcü dışarı çıkıp
kamuoyuna seçimlerin erken
gerçekleştirileceğine dair alınan kararı
açıkladı.
D) Bakanların toplantıda ne görüşecekleri
tahmin edilse de, sözcü dışarı çıkıp
kamuoyuna seçimlerin erken
yapılacağını açıklayana dek kimse
kesin olarak bir şey bilmiyordu.
E) Sözcü dışarı çıkıp kamuoyuna erken
seçime gidileceğini açıklamadan önce,
bakanların toplantıda ne görüştüklerine
dair kimsenin bir fikri yoktu.
82. People use a different long-term
memory for storing information, such
as who the present prime minister is,
than they do for retaining skills, such
as how to ride a bicycle.
A) İnsanlar, mevcut başbakanın kim
olduğu gibi bilgileri saklamak ya da
bisiklet binme gibi becerilerini
kaybetmemek için uzun süreli
belleklerini kullanırlar. .
B) İnsanlar, mevcut başbakanın kim
olduğu gibi bilgileri saklamak için,
bisiklet binme gibi becerileri
kaybetmemek için kullandıklarından
farklı bir uzun süreli bellek kullanırlar.
C) İnsanların, mevcut başbakanın kim
olduğu gibi bilgileri unutmamak, ya da
bisiklete binme gibi becerileri
kaybetmemek için kullandıkları uzun
süreli bellekleri vardır.
D) İnsanlar, mevcut başbakanın kim
olduğu gibi bilgileri ve bisiklete binme
gibi becerileri, uzun süreli bellekleri
sayesinde korurlar.
E) insanlar, farklı uzun süreli bellekleri
yardımıyla hem mevcut başbakanın
kim olduğu gibi bilgileri hem de
bisiklete binme gibi becerilerini
korumaktadırlar.
83. He will phone us to confirm whether or
not there will be a meeting tomorrow
morning.
A) Yarın sabah bir toplantı olup
olmayacağını doğrulamak için bize
telefon edecek.
B) Yarın sabah bize telefon edip, toplantı
olup olmayacağı konusunda bilgi
verecek.
C) Yarın sabah toplantı olsa da olmasa
da, kesin bilgi için bize telefon edecek.
D) Toplantının yarın sabah olup
olmayacağını bildirmek için bize
telefon edecek.
E) Toplantının yarın sabah yapılıp
yapılmayacağını bize telefonla
bildirecek.
84. The detective asked him where he had
been when the little girl who had been
missing for five days was kidnapped.
A) Dedektif, küçük kız beş gün önce
kaybolduğunda onun nerelerde
olduğunu sordu.
B) Beş gündür kayıp olan küçük kız
kaçırıldığı zaman onun nerede olduğu
dedektif tarafından da sorulmuştu.
C) Beş gündür dedektif ondan, kayıp olan
küçük kızın nerede ve ne zaman
kaçırıldığını öğrenmeye çalışıyor.
D) Dedektif ona, beş gündür kayıp olan
küçük kız kaçırıldığında onun
nerelerde olduğunu sordu.
E) Dedektif ona, beş gün önce kaçırılan
küçük kızın nerede olduğunu sordu.
85. Two months ago, almost everybody
was certain that he would not win the
election, but recent surveys have
shown that he might yet come out
victorious.
A) İki ay önce neredeyse hiç kimse
seçimleri onun kazanamayacağını
düşünmüyordu, fakat son kamuoyu
anketlerine göre, o seçimlerden galip
çıkamayabilir.
B) iki ay önce neredeyse herkes seçimleri
onun kazanacağına kesin gözüyle
bakıyordu, ancak son kamuoyu
anketlerine göre, onun seçimlerden
galip çıkması çok zor.
C) iki ay öncesine kadar neredeyse
herkes onun seçimleri kazanamayaca-
ğından emindiyse de, son kamuoyu
anketleri onun galip çıkacağını
gösteriyor.
D) iki ay öncesine kadar herkes onun
seçimleri kazanamayacağını
düşünüyordu, ancak son yapılan
kamuoyu anketleri aslında kazanma
şansının olduğunu gösterdi.
E) iki ay önce hemen herkes seçimleri
onun kazanamayacağından emindi,
ancak son kamuoyu anketleri onun
galip gelebileceğini gösteriyor.
31
 TEST YOURSELF 2
In Greek legend, the people of Thebes
offered not only the throne but also the
hand of Queen Jocasta to
could answer the riddle posed by a
1. Obviously my remarks were not at all monster which was terrorizing the
she was expecting to hear from people.
me, so she was utterly shocked.
A) how B) what A) whichever B) wherever
C) why D) which C) whoever D) whomever
E) whose E) however

2 job I accept will offer a
significant increase over my current
salary as well as improved benefits.
A) Whenever B) However
C) Whichever D) Wherever
E) Whomever
3. You can only be a film director
you have learned to understand all
areas of the filmaking process, and
editing is by far the most important of
these.
Did you hear the flight attendant say
it is necessary to pull this cord
in case of emergency or not?
A) whether B) where
C) why D) how
E) that
The time that I like the smell of a wild
English country garden best is
the peonies, lilies, and sweet peas are
in bloom in early summertime.

A) why B) whom A) that B) which

C) which D) where C) where D) when
E) when E) how
4. We had no idea the conference 10. I hadn't realized easy the game
hall was from the city centre, so we of checkers was until my friend
hired a taxi.
explained the rules to me.
A) which B) how far
C) wherever D) how long A) how B) such
E) which C)so D) much
E) what
5. I am worried my son might be
exerting too much effort to catch up 11. Ancient people generally lived in fertile
with his class, after his lengthy illness valleys or on plains - they
that confined him to bed for ten days. could find plenty of water for irrigation.
A) how long B) whom A) whoever B) wherever
C) how much D) that C) whatever D) whichever
E) when
E) however
6. The committee is concerned about
they'll be able to raise enough 12 is urgently needed in our
funds to establish a child-care centre company is an effective advertising
in the inner city. campaign.
A) whether B) that A) Who B) Where
C) when D) why C) That D) What
E) which E) How

32
13. I don't care son you are; you' 20. As a guest, you must be content with
still have to see the headmaster about you are offered by the host or
your unacceptable behaviour. hostess.
A) whom B) who
C) whose D) that A) whatever B) however
E) what C) anywhere D) how many
E) so much
14 you are, I won't make an
exception for you but will send you to 21 an intelligent young woman
the headmaster, along with the others, your daughter has turned into! You
for punishment. must be very proud of her.
A) Whatever B) Wherever
C) Whomever D) Whichever A) How
E) Whoever B) What
C) What on earth
15 he was chief curator of painting D) Whatever
and sculpture at the Museum of E) How in the world
Modern Art, Kirk Varnedoe's brilliant
acquisitions and articulate lectures 22 horrible news it was that Susan
helped to reshape the museum's
collections and redefine its aims. gave us! I still can't get over it.

A) When B) How long A) So B) Whose

C) Where D) Which C) What D) How much
E) What E) How
16. Andre Gide once wrote the 23 freer Linda has been feeling
drawback to a journey that had been
too well planned was that it did not since she left the dormitory and rented
leave enough room for adventure. a flat of her own!

A) how much B) why A) How much B) What

C) who D) that C) Such D) How many
E) when E)So
17. If you issue a cheque in bearer form, it
means that the owner is considered to 24 could you afford such an
be possesses the cheque. expensive ring? Kate'll be very
surprised when you give it to her
A) whenever B) whomever tonight.
C) whoever D) wherever
E) however A) Why in the world
B) What in hell
18. In the end, she realized that it was not C) Where in the world
possible to escape from her troubles,
as they seemed to follow her D) How on earth
she went. E) When the hell

A) however B) wherever 25. My landlady is a greedy person!

- C) whenever D) whatever She wants to raise our rent by thirty
E) whichever percent even though the government
report shows the inflation rate at
19. Unfortunately, I haven't heard anything
good about this company from I somewhere below twenty.
asked for their opinion.
A) how B) such
A) whose B) which C)so D) what
C) where else D) how many E) who
E) whomever

33
39. Before I can start my geography 45 of you two will go and meet
project, I need to find out the our foreign guests, but someone has
height of Mount Everest is, since I to leave immediately for the airport.
need to compare it with that of K2.
A) Whichever B) However
C) Whatever D) Whenever
A) what B) how
E) Whomever
C) where D) how far
E) how much

40. Do you know high Mount

Everest is? I need to compare it with
K2 for my geography class.

A) what B) where 46 the possibility effacing the

C) which D) how death of a loved one is on the minds of
E) how much many people.

41. I'm not sure exactly I'm going A) When soldiers return after completing
to be here for, but I like it so much that their period of service
I want to stay for as much time as B) The fact that terrorism is the use of
possible. violence to achieve political goals
C) Among the notorious events of the
1970s and 1980s
A) when B) how long D) in a time of war or global terrorism
C) how far D) how much E) What the younger generation actually
E) why wants

42. Have they told you they are 47. The insurance company's experts are
going on holiday alone with still investigating
their children?
A) ever since the fire was put out and the
A) whether/or smoke cleared completely
B) why/such B) that the animals on the farm could
C) when/that have been rescued had the fire been
D) how long/so noticed in time
C) that the owner of the warehouse had
E) what/when
never been involved in such a swindle
before
43. I don't remember she said she D) whether the fire in the chemical factory
was going to pay me back the money started accidentally or was started
she borrowed from me. Was it at the deliberately
beginning of the month or the end? E) when so many houses in the area
were on fire at the same time
A) how B) what
C) where D) whom 48 why the concert was cancelled
E) when at the last minute.

A) The band's manager promoted the

44 thinner she's been looking ever idea
since she joined that new gym! I may B) It was only natural that everyone was
have to start going myself. very upset
C) There doesn't seem to be a problem
A) What with anything
B) How long D) The reason that the superstar did not
C) How much feel well enough
D) What on earth E) The angry fans in the arena demanded
E) Such to know
 49. As the house is in a very clean
neighbourhood with a good school, I'm
sure
A) so it will require you to pay less than
your neighbours
B) when the current tenants will be
moving out
C) that it will be worth the price that you
are paying for it
D) why you have been unable to find
something less expensive
E) how your children will overcome the
adaptation problems
50. His parents are wondering
A) whether he will ever be motivated to
study more and succeed in school
B) whenever he doesn't do very well in
school and gets in trouble
C) unless he spends more effort to get
better grades at school
D) that he is a lot lazier this year than he
has ever been before
E) with whom was he hanging around
after school every day
51. The team of researchers hope that the
results of their study will show
A) until they have completed all the tests
on the volunteers
B) how long has your liver been in such a
poor condition
C) with many more volunteers to become
part of the study
D) whereas in the next stage they will
need volunteers to eat different
vegetables
E) which vegetables are most effective in
repairing liver damage
52. What actually made the film truly
frightening
A) is the haunted house about which
hundreds of stories have been written
B) was the sound effects rather than the
scenes themselves
C) it is the belief that the dead can return
to haunt and even harm the living
D) is when the hero turns to a vampire all
of a sudden
E) didn't prevent us from being utterly
terrified
36
53. Whenever there is a traffic accident on
a busy highway,
A) the police were not able to determine
who was at fault
B) few people are expected to have
survived the crash
C) people can't help but slow down to
have a look at the wreckage
D) some people still haven't realized the
importance of wearing seatbelts
E) it won't be cleared off the road until
tomorrow morning
54 is a difficult decision for the
family to make.
A) For as long as he has been suffering
from Alzheimer's disease
B) Whenever he gets confused and
doesn't know where he is
C) If they weren't both working full-time
and trying to raise two children
D) Whether they should put their elderly
father in a retirement home or not
E) The fact that he is getting old and
becoming unable to look after himself
55 he claimed that his kidnappers
were actually aliens who performed
gruesome tests on him.
A) When the man was interviewed
following his alleged abduction
B) If only people didn't accuse him of
being insane and believed what he
said
C) Why the man didn't run away from the
unearthly light as it descended
D) On his brain and nervous system were
placed sophisticated devices
E) Ever since the old man managed to
escape from the mental hospital

56. Just before his death, George Plimpton
wrote an opera for children called
Animal Tales, and his widow is looking
for funding to get it produced.
A) The funding for George Plimpton's
children's opera, Animal Tales, ran out
before he died, so now his wife is
trying to get it produced.
B) George Plimpton's wife is trying to
raise money to produce her late
husband's opera for children, Animal
Tales, which he wrote a short time
before he passed away.
C) Since there aren't many operas for
children, George Plimpton's widow is
determined to find funding to produce
Animal Tales, which her husband had
written just before he died.
D) Just before he passed away, George
Plimpton had written an opera for
children called Animal Tales, and now
his widow has managed to raise
enough funds to get it produced.
E) George Plimpton's early death has left
his wife alone in the struggle to raise
funds for his children's opera, Animal
Tales, the last work he completed
before his death.
57. The easiest way to find any destination
in the city is to find the neighbourhood
you want and then ask someone on the
street.
A) Since it is so easy to get lost in such a
big city, rather than trying to find an
address on your own, you should ask
someone who is familiar with the
neighbourhood for directions.
B) If you are in a strange neighbourhood,
it can be difficult to find an address if
you don't have someone in the area
give you directions.
C) People on the street are usually very
helpful when you ask them for
directions in the neighbourhood where
you are lost.
D) When you are trying to find a certain
location within the city, it is best first to
go to the general area, and then ask
for directions from someone there.
E) If you end up in a different location
than you were trying to get to, just ask
the people on the street for directions;
this has always been the easiest
method.
58. In the early 1800s, American circus
men were wanderers who went from
town to town in wagons drawn by
horses and mules.
A) The circus first started in America in
the early 1800s when travelling men
went around the country putting on
shows using horses and mules.
B) The modern circus is very different
from that of the 1800s, when the circus
people and animals had to travel
around in wagons.
C) American circus men during the early
1800s travelled around the country
using wagons pulled by mules and
horses.
D) The life of a circus man in the 1800s
was very difficult since he had to travel
around the country in wagons pulled
by horses and mules.
E) In the early 1800s, the circus was
composed only of men, who travelled
in wagons from town to town and used
their horses and mules in their shows.
59. What makes English a very difficult
language for native Turkish speakers
to learn is its complete reversal of
sentence structure from that of their
own language.
A) Native Turkish speakers often have a
hard time learning English since they
change the sentence structure around.
B) For native Turkish speakers, English is
really hard to learn because the order
of an English sentence is just the
opposite of a Turkish sentence.
C) An English sentence is formed in a
different way than a Turkish sentence,
so it's one of the hardest languages for
native Turkish speakers to learn.
D) Since Turkish has a completely
different sentence structure than
English, it is very difficult for native
speakers of other languages to learn.
E) Native Turkish speakers find it almost
impossible to learn English because of
the differences between the word
orders of both languages.
 60. The opinions of the teaching staff were
divided as to whether they should
change the course book or follow the
old one.
A) Some members of the teaching staff
were in favour of following a new
course book, while others thought they
should continue with the old one.
B) In the end, the teaching staff decided
that some of them should follow the
old course book, while the others
could choose a new one.
C) The teaching staff could not agree
upon a new course book, so they
decided to continue with the old one.
D) There was no general agreement
among the teaching staff about which
they should choose as their new
course book.
E) There were different opinions among
the teaching staff about the new
course book, and in the end, those
who were against choosing a new one
won.
63. One-third of the babies born to
61. It was very important for Jill to go
home to see her sister's new baby girl,
whatever the cost of the ticket.
A) Even though Jill wanted very much to
fly home and meet her sister's baby
girl, the fare was too much for her.
B) Jill didn't care about the cost of the
ticket, since the only thing she wanted
was to get home to meet her sister's
new-born daughter.
C) Because Jill doesn't have a lot of
money, flying home to meet her
sister's new daughter was less
important to her than the cost of the
ticket.
D) Knowing how important it was for Jill to
meet her new niece, Jill's sister took
care of the cost of the ticket so that
she could fly home and do so.
E) Whenever Jill decided to go home to
see her sister's daughter, she would
see the high prices and so give up the
idea.
62. The office in which the American
President works is not located in the
White House proper, but is in the
building for executive offices,
commonly called the West Wing.
38
A) What is often referred to as the West
Wing is the part of the White House
proper where the executive offices,
including the President's, are located.
B) All the executive offices are located in
a separate building close to the White
House, while the President's office is
within the White House itself.
C) The White House proper is referred to
as the West Wing by the President
and those executives whose offices
are located there, and now this term is
commonly used.
D) The original name for the executive
and Presidential offices in the White
House was the West Wing, but now
this is just used for the executive ones.
E) The West Wing, as it is typically
referred to, is where executive offices,
including the American President's, are
found, and actually, it is not within the
White House.
mothers who drink heavily, especially
during the first three months of
pregnancy, have birth defects.
A) Alcohol can be fatal to an unborn baby
if its mother drinks a lot, and the risk is
one-third higher during the first three
months of the pregnancy.
B) If a pregnant woman drinks during the
first three months of pregnacy, the
risks are one-third greater that the
child will be born deformed than if she
doesn't.
C) It is only dangerous for a pregnant
woman to drink in the early stages of
her pregnancy because then the baby
would be likely to be born with birth
defects.
D) There is about a thirty-three percent
risk that the baby will have a birth
defect if a pregnant woman drinks a lot
of alcohol, particularly during the first
three months of her pregnancy.
E) Doctors have been able to prove the
link between pregnant mothers
drinking alcohol and a third of their
babies being born with birth defects.
64. Coral reefs create underwater habitats
that are essential for many species of
marine organisms, and there are also
some fish who use them as a refuge
from predators.
A) Coral reefs are very important for
many kinds of marine life forms
because they provide a place to live as
well as a place for some fish to hide
from their enemies.
B) Many fish tend to stay in coral reefs
because there they are both safe from
predators and supplied with a rich food
source.
C) Coral reefs provide a place to live for
many types of sea creatures, including
predators who use them as a place to
rest.
D) Predatory fish know that their prey like
to hide from them in coral reefs, so
they wait nearby for them to leave, and
then they attack them.
E) Coral reefs are becoming scarce and
this creates an important problem for
the many marine animals which use
them as a place to live as well as a
place of protection.
65. Communicating with locals in a foreign
country is a bit like becoming a mime
since you must often rely on hand
gestures.
A) In foreign countries, you will often see
local mimes who communicate solely
by using their hands so that everyone
can understand what they are trying to
say.
B) Locals in a foreign country who don't
know another language often
communicate with tourists by miming.
C) You often feel like a mime when you
are trying to speak to someone in a
foreign country because of frequently
having to use your hands to convey
what you are trying to say.
D) When miming, it is important to
remember to use your hands,
especially when you are speaking to
locals in a foreign country.
E) The mimes in foreign countries are
often the same as your own local
mimes since they all use their hands in
trying to communicate.
66. "Yes, there's one left on the one that
leaves in two hours."
A) Will you hold that reservation for me?
B) Why are you in such a rush to leave
the country?
C) Are there any seats on the next flight
to Paris?
D) What is the reason for your visit to this
country?
E) Are you going to London for a holiday
or on business?
67. "Yes, but sometimes it is difficult
because he is so secretive."
A) Do you approve of your son's present
intentions?
B) Why don't you let your son play
whatever he wants?
C) Does your son play any after-school
sports?
D) What kind of activities is your son
involved in?
E) You should monitor your son's
activities, shouldn't you?
68. "No, of course not. Get some rest and I
will see you tomorrow."
A) Would you mind if I went home? I am
feeling really nauseous.
B) Did you buy me any sleeping pills on
your way home?
C) May I take a nap before we leave for
the concert tonight?
D) Is that a good place for a relaxing
massage?
E) Would you mind turning down the
volume? It's far too loud for this time of
night.
69. "Lauren will be picking me up in the
morning at the corner."
A) Are you going to the company
reception with anyone?
B) Will you be leaving early for the party?
C) Who is going to drive you there
tomorrow?
D) Have you arranged for Lauren to .
accompany you to the party?
E) Is your car going to be in the garage
all week?
39
 70. "Usually just once a year - unless
there is a specific problem."
A) When did your doctor say he would
see you again?
B) Have you made an appointment with
your doctor?
C) How can you afford to pay for the
doctor to visit you?
D) How often do you normally go to see
the doctor?
E) A visit to the doctor has become very
expensive, hasn't it?
71. "Of course I will, and I hope it isn't
anything serious."
A) I'm not feeling very well. Will you
please tell my students that the class
is cancelled today?
B) Why are the students making so much
noise? Don't they know that I've got a
terrible headache?
C) Would you mind if I cancelled my class
today and went home? I feel terrible.
D) Did you manage to substitute for me
yesterday when I had to go home?
E) l don't think I'll be able to continue
teaching. Do you know if the
headmaster is in his room?
72. "No, but I'm sure if you ask a taxi
driver, he'll be able to tell you."
A) Have you ever been to the east side of
the city?
B) Do you think you could give us a ride
to the airport?
C) How can I find out how long it takes to
get to the east side?
D) Do you know the quickest route to the
airport?
E) Do you have enough money for the
taxi fare?
73. "Yes, please, it's delicious! I hope
you'll share the recipe with me."
A) What would you like to eat after you
finish your dinner?
B) Would you like another helping of
dessert?
C) I'm going to have a glass of wine later.
How about you?
D) Which would you prefer, the chocolate
cake or the raspberry tart?
E) Can I try a sip of the wine you are
drinking?
40
74. "It's only a five-minute walk, but it's
pleasant since the path goes through a
park."
A) Do I have to take a taxi to get to your
house from the bus stop?
B) Do you commute to work by bus or by
car?
C) Will you please explain to the driver
how to get to your house?
D) The house looks in good condition,
don't you agree?
E) How far is it from your house to the
main road?
75. "It can't be any fewer than 100."
A) How old do you think someone has to
be to get into an old people's home?
B) How's your thesis coming along?
C) How many pages do you have to write
for your thesis?
D) Have you decided what the topic of
your thesis will be?
E) How long have you been working on
your thesis?
76. Müdürün henüz bir önceki çeyrek yılın
mali kayıplarının nasıl telafi edileceği
konusunda bir plan bulamadığı çok
açık.
A) Obviously the manager has to come
up with a plan about how to make up
for last quarter's financial losses if he
wants to keep his post.
B) It's apparent that the manager needs
some more time to be able to come up
with a plan that will recover last
quarter's financial losses.
C) It's a pity that the manager hasn't yet
been able to work out a plan which will
recover last quarter's financial losses.
D) It's very obvious that the manager
hasn't yet been able to come up with a
plan about how to make up for last
quarter's financial losses.
E) Apparently the manager is still trying to
work out a plan about how to recover
last quarter's financial losses.
77. Sürücülerin kısa mesafe yolculuklarda
bile emniyet kemerlerini bağlamaları
çok önemlidir, çünkü pek çok kaza eve
yakın yerlerde meydana gelmektedir.
A) It is crucial that drivers fasten their
seatbelts even during short journeys,
because many accidents occur in
places close to home.
B) As many accidents occur close to
home, whether they are driving a short
distance or a long one, drivers should
always fasten their seatbelts.
C) Wearing a seatbelt is important even
during short journeys, since a lot of
accidents occur when drivers are
approaching their homes.
D) It is very important for drivers to fasten
their seatbelts no matter how short a
distance they are driving, as many
accidents occur around home. .
E) However short a journey is, it is very
important for drivers to fasten their
seatbelts all the time, as they might
end up in an accident close to home.
78. Beysbolün Amerikan karakterini ne
kadar doğru yansıttığını, gerçek bir
maç izlemeden anlayamazsınız.
A) Unless you have seen an actual game,
it is impossible for you to realize how
accurately baseball reflects the
American character.
B) You cannot appreciate how accurately
baseball reflects the American
character without seeing an actual
game.
C) How accurately baseball reflects the
American character cannot be
appreciated unless you see an actual
game.
D) You'll realize how accurately baseball
reflects the American character once
you have seen an actual game.
E) Until you've actually seen a game,
you'll fail to appreciate how accurately
baseball reflects the American
character.
79. Tekerleğin tam olarak ne zaman icat
edildiği kesin olarak bilinmemekle
birlikte, bu icadın eski Mezopotamya
uygarlıkları üzerindeki etkisinin çok
büyük olduğu tüm otoritelerce kabul
edilmektedir.
A) Exactly when the wheel was invented
is still unknown, but all authorities
recognize the fact that it had a great
impact on the early civilizations of
Mesopotamia.
B) Although exactly when the wheel was
invented is not known for certain, the
fact that its impact on the early
civilizations of Mesopotamia was great
is recognized by all authorities.
C) Even though its great impact on the
early civilizations of Mesopotamia is
recognized by all authorities, exactly
when the wheel was invented remains
unknown.
D) Most authorities credit the ancient
Mesopotamians with the invention of
the wheel and recognize its great
impact on this civilization, yet they do
not know exactly when this invention
was made,
E) Even though exactly when the wheel
was invented is not known for certain,
most authorities credit the ancient
Mesopotamians with this invention and
recognize its great impact on their
civilization.
80. 16. yüzyılın başlarında, İtalyan kaşif
Amerigo Vespucci, Kolomb'un
keşfetmiş olduğu yere gitti ve buranın
tümüyle yeni bir kıta olduğunu
duyurdu.
A) What Columbus had discovered was
not recognized as an entirely new
continent until the beginning of the
16th century, when Italian explorer
Amerigo Vespucci went there.
B) Until the beginning of the 16th century,
when Italian explorer Amerigo
Vespucci went there, nobody knew
that what Columbus had discovered
was an entirely new continent.
C) At the beginning of the 16th century,
Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci
announced that what Columbus had
discovered was an entirely new
continent.
D) It was only after the beginning of the
16th century that Italian explorer
Amerigo Vespucci realized that what
Columbus had discovered was actually
an entirely new continent.
E) At the beginning of the 16th century,
Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci went
to the place Columbus had discovered
and announced that this was an
entirely new continent.

81. I wonder whether you have found our
city to be as you had always imagined
it to be.
' A) Şehrimizi daha önce hayalinde
canlandırdığın gibi bulmadığını
düşünüyorum.
B) Şehrimizi aynı daha önce hayal ettiğin
gibi bulman beni şaşırttı.
C) Şehrimizi hep hayal ettiğin gibi bulup
bulmadığını merak ediyorum.
D) Şehrimizi daha önce hayal ettiğin gibi
bulup bulmayacağını pek
kestiremiyorum.
E) Şehrimizi her zaman hayal ettiğin gibi
bulamaman beni hayal kırıklığına
uğrattı.
82. From the way she acted at our last
encounter, it was very obvious that she
had taken no notice of what I had told
her the week before.
A) Son karşılaşmamadaki davranış
biçiminden, önceki hafta ona
söylediklerimi hiç umursamadığı çok
belli oluyordu.
B) Son karşılaşmamadaki davranış
biçimi, bir hafta önce ona
söylediklerimi hiç dinlemediğini
gösterdi.
C) Önceki hafta ona söylediklerimi dikkate
almış olsaydı, son karşılaşmamızdaki
davranış biçiminden bu belli olurdu.
D) Önceki hafta kendisine söylenenleri hiç
dikkate almadığı son
karşılaşmamızdaki davranış
biçiminden açıkça anlaşılıyordu.
E) Bir önceki hafta ona söylediklerimi hiç
umursamadığını, son karşılaşmamızdaki
davranış biçiminden çok net
anlayabildim.
83. Seeing that the results have been
disastrous, he was clearly mistaken in
assuming that he could easily pass the
exams without putting in much effort.
A) Sonuçların bir felaket olduğuna
bakılırsa, sınavları çok çaba
sarfetmeden kolaylıkla geçebileceğini
düşünmekle belli ki yanılmış.
B) Berbat sınav sonuçlarını görünce, çok
çaba sarfetmeden kolaylıkla
geçebileceğini düşünmekle hata
ettiğini anladı.
C) Sınavları nasıl olsa kolaylıkla
geçeceğini düşünmekle büyük hata
etti, çünkü aldığı sonuçlar bir felaketti.
D) Belli ki sınavları çaba sarfetmeden
kolaylıkla geçebileceğini düşünmekle
hata etmiş, çünkü sonuçlar bir felaket.
E) Sonuçların berbat olması, onun
sınavları çok çaba sarfetmeden
kolaylıkla geçebileceğini düşünmekle
yanılmış olduğunu gösteriyor.
84. I can't decide whether to take my
vacation in July or to delay it until
September, so that I can save more
money.
A) Tatilimi Temmuz'da mı yapmalıyım,
yoksa Eylül'e erteleyip daha çok para
mı biriktirmeliyim, bilemiyorum.
B) Tatilimi Temmuz'da mı yapayım, yoksa
daha çok para biriktirebilmek için
Eylül'e kadar erteleyeyim mi karar
veremiyorum.
C) Tatilimi Temmuz'da yapmak yerine
Eylül'e erteleyip, daha fazla para
biriktirmeyi isteyip istemediğimden
emin değilim.
D) Tatilimi ya Temmuz'da yapacağım, ya
da daha fazla para biriktirebilmek için
Eylül'e kadar erteleyeceğim.
E) Tatilimi Temmuz'da yapabilirim, ancak
Eylül'e kadar ertelemeye karar
verirsem, o zaman daha çok para
biriktirmiş olurum.
85. Every dish my daughter cooks turns
out to be a disaster, even if she follows
the recipes in her cookbook to the
letter.
A) Yemek kitabındaki tarifleri uyguladığı
halde kızımın pişirdiği her yemek
nedense bir felaket oluyor.
B) Yemek kitabındaki tarifleri takip edip
etmemesi bir yana, kızımın pişirdiği
her yemek sonunda bir felaket oluyor.
C) Yemek kitabındaki tarifleri harfiyen
takip etmediğinde kızımın pişirdiği
yemekler bir felaket oluyor.
D) Yemek kitabındaki tarifleri harfiyen
takip etse bile kızımın pişirdiği her
yemek bir felaket oluyor.
E) Yemek kitabındaki tarifleri takip etse
de etmese de, kızımın pişirdiği
yemekler bir felaket oluyor.
 TEST YOUR VOCABULARY
1. Despite the tremendous number of The use of anesthetics since the
people killed, nothing was done to middle of the 19th century has been
stop the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. extremely valuable in preventing the
acute physical suffering of the patient
A) awful B)enormous during surgery.
C) extreme D) minute
E) intense A) admirable B) mediocre
C) unworthy D) perceived
2. After hearing the trivia question, I was E) significant
stumped because I didn't know
anything about Orthodox Christianity. 8. Power steering, power brakes, and
wraparound windshields, are among
A) perplexed B) surprised the innovations that have been
C) dismayed D) traumatized developed since World War II for use
with automobiles.
E) disappointed
A) incentives B) inventions
3. In the United States, the only official C) attractions D) fascinations
duty of the Vice-President is to preside E) debuts
over the Senate, though he does not
take part in any of its debates. 9. Sarah's little brother has quite a knack
for coming up with ingenious riddles
A) domineer B) boss that no one can solve.
C) discuss D) manage
E) watch A) modern B) fresh
C) imaginary D) clever
4. If you take up a hobby, you'll see that E) cunning
it'll provide you with a good diversion
from the ordinary routines of your life. 10. The remote-control for the TV is
perhaps the gadget most appreciated
A) reflection B) fund by those who can never find a channel
C)escape D) profit they want to watch.
E) contact
A) instrument B) ornament
C) plaything D) notion
5. In Homeric legend, Agamemnon's fleet E) invention
was delayed on it's way to Troy
because he had offended the goddess 11. According to Utilitarianism, actions
Artemis by killing a stag that was should be valued according to their
sacred to her. utility, and the best actions are those
that bring the greatest happiness to
A) demeaned B) enthralled the greatest number of people.
C) worried D) insulted
E) repulsed A) appraisal B) price
C) measurements D) dimensions
E) usefulness
I don't like to spend a lot of time with
Natalie because she is quite a snob 12. Steve Jobs and Stephan Woznick co-
and she is always talking down to founded the Apple Computer
other people as if she were better than Corporation in 1975 after they had built
them. the first prototype of the Apple I
personal computer in the Jobs' family
A) arrogant person garage.
B) humble person
C) laid-back person A) structure B) core
D) stressed-out person C) model D) system
E) selfish person E) pattern
 13. If you let me know when would be a 20. Although Tolstoy is perhaps most
convenient time to meet for you, I will famous for writing "War and Peace",
arrange my schedule accordingly. he later repudiated it on developing a
new philosophy on life and started to
A) productive B) suitable
C) pragmatic D) helpful write intensely moral tales instead.
E) worthy
A) accepted B) claimed
C) retraced D) withdrew
14. Concepts of teaching and learning
have changed more since the 1900s E) rejected
than in all preceding human history.
21. The notion that antiques must be more
A) previous B) descending than 100 years old and of Western
C) ongoing D) latter European origin does not apply to
E) continuous rugs, because Oriental rugs are the
most highly prized.
15. Sharks, which are among the oldest
living creatures, have remained A) reception B) belief
essentially the same since the first C) invention D) illusion
modern sharks appeared about 100
million years ago. E) wish

A) instinctively B) closely 22. Anglo-Saxon English was considerably

C) genetically D) fundamentally enriched by French vocabulary during
E) specifically the Norman-French rule of England in
the later Middle Ages.
16. After you retire, you deserve to reap
the benefits of a lifetime of hard work. A) serviced B) fertilized
A) turn out B) yield C) filled D)fed
C) round up D) come by E)enhanced
E) bring in
23. The professor used actual case files to
17 The 19th-century philosopher illustrate the theories she was teaching
Kierkegaard has since the middle of in her law course.
the 20th century come to be seen as
one of the most influential and A) exemplify B) draw
profound modern thinkers.
C) direct D) ornament
A) rational B) practical E) feature
C) wise D) experienced
E) logical 24. When he was confronted with no
evidence of any weapons of mass
18. There is a huge contradiction in going destruction in Iraq, the Prime Minister
to war to support human rights in one of Great Britain didn't apologize to the
nation while aiding and supporting British public or offer his resignation.
ruthless dictators in others.

A) discrimination B) contrast A) dared B) consulted

C) comparison D) argument C) attacked D) faced
E) parallel E) satisfied

19. During the demonstration the 25. In some parts of the world, wifehood
desperate mob lobbed rocks and other and motherhood are still regarded as a
objects at the advancing riot police.
woman's most significant duties.
A) threw B) submitted
C) exploded D)suspended A) acclaimed B) admired
E) rolled C) considered D) treasured
E) condemned

44
26. Some people think that the missile 32. Although the French had fortified their
strike ordered on Iraq by President border with Germany before World War
Clinton was really a diversion from the II, the Germans were able to go around
embarrassing revelations appearing in it, by invading through the Netherlands
the media concerning his personal life. and Belgium, and conquered France
within 7 weeks.
A) appointment B) game
C) errand D) distraction A) doubled B) renewed
E) duty C) stabilized D) supported
E) strengthened
27. Catherine's perseverance and positive
attitude, even when faced with great 33. Through their extensive trading
difficulties, won her the respect of her networks and their skills in navigation,
colleagues. the Arabs dominated the Indian Ocean
until the end of the 15th century.
A) innocence B) vigour
C) mastery D) momentum A) mastered B) divided
E) persistence C) exceeded D)surpassed
E) explored
28. During the divorce proceedings, the
most contentious question between 34. In the second half of the 19th century,
the separating couple was who would French archaeologists started to
get custody of the children. excavate the massive temple complex
at Angkor Wat.
A) authority B) guardianship
D) command A) reclaim B) mine
C) control
C) reconstruct D) uncover
E)usage
E) restore
29. The Rosetta Stone, which was found in
35. People who moved to the lowlands of
Egypt in 1799, bears inscriptions in the Netherlands built mounds of earth
three scripts - Greek, demotic and and debris on which they built their
Egyptian hieroglyphics. villages so as to protect themselves
from flooding.
A) writings B) chisels
C) stamps D) sculptures A) dumps B) hills
E) patterns C) stacks D) monuments
E)bunches
30. The eastern part of the state of Texas,
in the USA, is a productive farming 36. After the wedding ceremony, there was
region with fertile soil and ample an astounding display of fireworks
rainfall. which lit up the sky with an array of
colours.
A) fruitful B)abundant
C) desolate D) barren A) amazing B) aspiring
E) bare C) unceasing D) appalling
E) enlightening
31. After you pass the marina, you will see
a bend in the road; follow it as it turns 37. When Sarah planted her yard, her aim
to the left and then pull into the first was to make it look like a natural
parking lot you see. meadow full of wildflowers.

A) break B) split A) property B) territory

C) curve D) circle C) tract D) estate
E) crack E) field

45
 38. The black widow spider bites its prey 45. At the height of the Vietnam War in
when it is entangled in the spider's 1969, Jimi Hendrix gave a
web and injects it with a potent controversial performance in which he
neurotoxin that swiftly paralyzes it. performed the American national
anthem while simultaneously making
A) feast B) casualty sounds of bombs and machine gun fire
C) victim D) sacrifice with his electric guitar.
E) rival
A) at the same time
39. Hospitality towards strangers is much B) for the time being
less commonly found in modern urban C) at a distance
areas than in traditional rural ones. D) at a time
E) for a long time
A) Sensitivity B) Kindliness
C) Coolness D) Brotherhood 46. The people of Latin America reflect a
E) Hostility variety of ethnic heritages because
intermarriage among Indians, whites
40. When Flaubert wanted to write a novel and blacks has created a blend of
on the Carthaginians, he even went to cultures in the region.
North Africa itself to gather all the
factual information he could to use as A) traditions B) claims
background. C) cuisines D) estates
E) stations
A) harvest B) pile
C) collect D) mass 47. With the advent of oil money the
E) store traditional nomadic lifestyle has
practically disappeared from the
41. The elevation of Mount Everest, at Arabian peninsula.
8,846 metres, is so high that it is
extremely dangerous to attempt to A) hardy B) unpredictable
summit it without the aid of oxygen. C) purposeless D) migratory
E) irrational
A) altitude B) area
C) depth D) rise 48. After his tire blew while driving down
E) extension the country road, Jeff had to abandon
his car and walk to the nearest town
42. While the farms in New Jersey, USA, since he didn't have a spare.
are among the smallest in that nation,
they rank among the most valuable in A) surrender B) shut down
output per acre. C) terminate D) eliminate
E) leave behind
A) activity B) yield .
C) labour D) creation 49. I have not seen much progress as of
E) mission yet on the summer house, but the
contractor is still promising to finish
43. The novels of Russia's most famous on schedule.
writer, Leo Tolstoy, captured the
vastness of the Russian landscape and A) while .. B) so far
the complexity of its people. C) as usual D)so long as
E) not only
A)scope B) bulk
C) importance D) substance 50. In Verdi's Opera "Aida", Aida is an
E) largeness Ethiopian princess who is persuaded
by her father to trick her lover
44. There is often some haze in the Radames, commander of the Egyptian
morning over the Bosphorus, which army, into revealing his military
usually burns off by mid-morning if it secrets.
is going to be a clear day.
A) screen mist A) fool B) flatter
C) dimness shadow C) tease D) invite
E) smoke E) provoke

46
 6. The flight was empty, so we
were able to stretch out and get some
sleep.
1. A clerk who made a/an by
adding an extra zero to her A) practically B) rationally
calculations cost the company millions C) easily D) fully
of dollars. E) barely

A) confusion B) defect 7. The fans were furious when their

C) chaos D) error
E) injustice players lost the match to a team so
to theirs.
2. Some remain about the origins
of mankind, though most people agree A) Varied B) spectacular
that humanity originated in Africa. C) inferior D) distinguished
A) assurances B) certainties E) level
C) doubts D) agreements
E) intentions 8. After such a long semester, both the
students and the teachers are
3. If no one complains about the bad for the holidays to come.
service here, it will never

A) improve B) praise A) nervous B) concerned

C) criticize D) contrast C) hesitant D) irritable
E) enjoy E) anxious

4. Most new computer programs a

9. Scientists are warning that we have to
great deal of memory, which obliges
people to upgrade their computers focus on developing alternative sources
often. of energy, since we will fossil
fuels before the end of the century.
A) insist B) organize
C) arrange D) estimate
A) get out of B) run into
E) require
C) get up to D) run out of
5. Unlike those often years ago, which E) look over
would normally allow you to work on
only one thing at a time, today's 10. Many shoppers are every day
computers can do a number of tasks by dishonest salespeople.

A) previously B) simultaneously A) left out B) taken in

C) initially D) significantly C) filled up D) turned over
E) potentially E) broken down
 11. The government a way to 17. There are plenty of people willing to
enforce its building regulations so that participate in "extreme sports"
new buildings will be made in order to dangerous they may be.
withstand a strong earthquake.
A) as if B) however
A) must have found C) how much D) moreover
B) ought to find E) though
C) would find
D) might have found
18. Anyone applying for a US visa must
E) used to find
pay $100 whether they end up getting
12. Archaeologists many more a visa or not; there is no
remarkable artifacts since the Egyptian shortage of applicants.
Museum first in 1902.
A) even so B) in case
A) have discovered/opened C) just then D)such as
B) were discovering/had opened E) if only
C) discovered/has been opening
D) discover/has been opened 19. Because of the long-running separatist
E) are discovering/was opened war there, many tourists find the
southern Philippines to visit.
13. A planned economy is a system in
which the government what
A) such a dangerous
as well as supervising both
B) the most dangerous
production and marketing.
C) too dangerous
A) has decided/producing D) dangerous enough
B) decided/to be producing E) as dangerous as
C) was decided/produce
D) decides/to produce 20. During the 19th century, European
E) had decided/produced explorers risked their lives and
reputations to discover the Nile
14. With the measles, the rash quite River's source was.
faint and usually much longer
than a few hours or a day at the most. A| what B)that
A) has been/didn't last C) where 15) which
B) was/hasn't lasted E) when
C) can be/doesn't last
D) must be/wouldn't last 21. Both London and New York have large
E) could have been/won't last numbers of homeless people, but the
administrations of city seem to
15. There are not many parts the be doing to solve the problem.
world where you can go being
bombarded by advertising. A) any/something
B) anyone/everything
A) around/for B) at/about
C) for/throughout D) from/around C) other/nothing
E) of/without D) neither/anything
E) both/everything
16. There has been a great deal of conflict
India and Pakistan the 22. Everyone is getting fed up with the
dominance of Kashmir. winter weather in Istanbul, and

A) about/for B) of/about A) nor am I B) so am I

C) for/within D) among/at C)so do I D) I'm not
E) between/over E)ldo

48
The French playwright Pierre Corneille is Specialist medical research, free public health
known as the father of French classical treatment and retirement homes for the (28)
tragedy. In Corneille's time French dramatists were available in Baghdad and other
were bound by rules with the collective name parts of the Islamic world in AD 950, (29)
of "dramatic unities", which meant that (23) Britons were still in the Dark Ages.
action in the play (24) to one According to Islam, there was a moral
place and occur within 24 hours; plays were imperative to treat the sick (30) of their
to have five acts, and no violence could take financial status. Thus hospitals acted as
place before the audience. (25) by recovery and treatment centres, insane
these rules, (26) playwrights wrote asylums and retirement homes, and were
second-rate plays, but Corneille followed (27) open to male and female, rich and poor,
rules and produced masterpieces. Muslim and non-Muslim. The first (31)
place (32) In Baghdad in AD 850.
23.
A) both B)none 28.
C) either D) many A)aged B) developed
E)all C) immature D) deceased
E) live
24.
A) had to be confined 29.
B) could have confined A) until B) while
C) must have confined C) since D) before
D) can be confined E) during
E) used to confine
30.
25. A) whereas B) instead
A) Restricting C) despite D) regardless
B) To be restricted E) any time
C) Restricted
D) Having restricted 31.
E) To have restricted A) as B) like
C) some D) so
26.
E)such
A) whoever B)anyone
C) some of D) other
32.
E) how many
A) had been built
B) has been built
27.
C) should be built
A) similar to B)such as
D) was building
C) same as D) the same
E) would have built
E) much like

33. Since there has been no signal from
the Mars probe,
A) it is expected soon to be sending a
great deal of new information to
scientists
B) no one had expected this to happen at
all
C) scientists are assuming that it must
have been destroyed on landing
D) it was carefully designed to survive the
roughest of landings on Mars
E) all of the data it sends is being stored
in a computer
34 while almost all the profits go to
middlemen.
A) There arş a lot of interesting things for
tourists to buy in Bali
B) Farmers and craftsmen in developing
countries are often exploited
C) Developing countries are at a
disadvantage in international trade
D) Airline prices are much cheaper than
they were twenty years ago
E) The tourist industry has collapsed in
recent years in a number of countries
35 all of which could not help but
lead to a heart attack.
A) Having never taken care of himself
B) It is very important to have a healthy
diet and get plenty of exercise
C) He was rushed to the hospital after
suffering chest pains
D) He was over-weight, had an unhealthy
diet and smoked
E) It was obvious that he should have
given up smoking long ago
36 ; otherwise, we would be
worrying about our safety.
A) I had told you that we ought to stick to
the route recommended by the locals
B) At least the car hasn't broken down in
the middle of nowhere
C) You never listen to my advice though
I'm more experienced than you
D) There seems to be a war going on in
every corner of the world
E) I'm glad that I remembered to take my
CD player at the last moment
5O
37. It seems to me that biographies are
sometimes written solely
A) in order to damage the reputation of
their subject
B) until the subject has died
C) unlike novels, however, they are non-
fiction
D) that the subject has died only recently
E) in case they have not attracted a wide
readership
38. Flying has changed our lives so much
A) whereas it is so much faster to fly than
to go by bus or train
B) even though they are the most
expensive way to travel
C) that it is impossible to imagine the 20th
century without air travel
D) in case you need to get somewhere
quickly no matter how much it costs
E) since no one had ever flown, before the
early 20th century
39. There are quite a few foreigners in
Istanbul
A) that they live on foreign compounds
and have no interaction with locals
B) some even have bought their own
houses
C) which means that it is no longer the
capital of Turkey
D) whether they like the city itself or its
.people
E) who have been here for years and
speak good Turkish
40 wherever they have been offered
to the public.
A) Lotteries have proved quite popular
B) There is such a small chance of
winning a lottery
C) A lottery is actually a form of gambling
D) Gambling addicts will bet money on
anything
E) In gambling, the longer the playing
time
41 but it does not have many special
features either.
A) This machine may not be expensive
B) The cost of flat-screen televisions is
coming down
C) Integrated circuits are extremely
versatile
D) That CD player will probably not last
for long
E) Electronics plays a central role in
transportation
42. The university has been trying to
recruit more qualified personnel,
A) such as offering higher salaries and
several fringe benefits
B) as if they already have the best
possible teachers
C) unless they decide to pay a better
salary
D) though more and more students are
enrolling, especially in engineering
E) but the salary is too low to attract the
best teachers
43-46. sorularda, verilen cümlenin
hangi sorunun cevabı olduğunu
bulunuz.
43. "Not really, but it is the next best
thing."
A) In your opinion, was Laurence Olivier
the best actor of his generation?
B) Do you find learning a language with
cassettes is as effective as living in the
country where it is spoken?
C) A new Italian restaurant has just
opened down the street. Do you want
to go and try it?
D) Why didn't you do the job the way I
told you to?
E) Now that you have been divorced
twice, do you really think that you
should get married again?
44. "Because the only way to make sure
things are done right is to do them
yourself."
A) Isn't it about time that you cleaned up
your room?
B) Why are you walking? Is there
something wrong with your car?
C) Why are you painting your apartment
yourself instead of hiring a painter?
D) l left you lots of messages. Why didn't
you call me back?
E) Your phone isn't working. Did you
forget to pay the bill?
45. "Yes, there is. It's on page 3."
A) There isn't anything in the paper about
yesterday's murder, is there?
B) Did you find anything in Newsweek
about the slowdown in the US
economy?
C) There wasn't anything on the morning
news about the new law being
debated in parliament, was there?
D) Why do they always put the crime
news on page 3?
E) There is nothing interesting in today's
paper. You haven't read it, have you?
46. "Definitely Phil. He hardly has to work
at all."
- A) 'He's been looking for a job for months.
Hasn't he had any luck?
B) Who's got the best job of all the people
we know?
C) Whose flat would be best for the
party?
D) Why doesn't he get up earlier if he
doesn't have enough time?
E) Who's the best boss you have ever
worked for?
47-50. sorularda, verilen Türkçe
cümleye anlamca en yakın olan
ingilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
47. Yağmur yüzünden ertelenen maçın ne
zaman oynanacağını öğrenmek için
bize telefon etti.
A) He called to ask if the match had been
put off because of the rain or if it was
going to be played.
B) He phoned us and asked when we
were going to play the match that had
been put off due to rain.
C) When he phoned us and learnt that the
match had been put off because of the
rain, he asked when it was going to be
played.
D) He called to ask if we were putting off
the match due to rain and, if so, when
we were going to play it.
E) He phoned us to find out when the
match that had been put off due to rain
was going to be played.
51
48. Birçok anne-baba çocuklarının ergenlik
çağında yaşadıkları değişimi
kabullenmekte zorlanır.
A) For parents, it is hardly possible to
believe the change their children
undergo during adolescence.
B) Many parents hardly notice the change
their children have undergone during
adolescence.
C) For most parents, it is hard to
acknowledge the fact that their
children will undergo great change in
adolescence.
D) Most parents find it difficult to understand
why their children have undergone
changes during adolescence.
E) Many parents have difficulty
acknowledging the change their children
have undergone during adolescence.
49. Mahallede tek bir kişi bile soygunun
tam olarak ne zaman meydana geldiği
konusunda bir şey söyleyemedi.
A) Only one person in the neighbourhood
noticed when the robbery was actually
taking place.
B) No one in the neighbourhood could
say anything about the exact time that
the robbery had taken place.
C) Not many people in the neighbourhood
were able to remember exactly when
the robbery had taken place.
D) Not even one person in the neighbour-
hood was able to say anything about
exactly when the robbery took place.
E) Nobody in the neighbourhood noticed
when the robbery was actually taking
place.
50. Birkaç hafta önce başvurduğu tarih
yüksek lisans programına kabul
edilirse, en az dört yıl ABD'de okuyacak.
A) She will be in the USA for four years if
she should be accepted to the history
master's program that she applied for
a few weeks ago.
B) Had she been accepted to the history
master's program she applied for, she
would have been studying in the USA
for at least four years.
C) She will be accepted to the history
master's program provided that she
has been studying in the USA for four
years.
D) If she is to be accepted to the history
master's program she applied for a few
weeks ago, she has to stay in the USA
for at least four years.
E) If she is accepted to the history
master's program that she applied for
a few weeks ago, she will be studying
in the USA for at least four years.
51. Whatever might have happened
between us, I still consider him my
best friend.
A) Aramızda geçenlere rağmen ben hep
onu en iyi arkadaşım olarak
düşüneceğim.
B) Aramızda geçen her şeye rağmen, ben
hâlâ onu en iyi arkadaşım olarak kabul
ediyorum.
C) Aramızda ne geçmiş olursa olsun, ben
hâlâ onun en iyi arkadaşım olduğunu
düşünüyorum.
D) Aramızda ne geçerse geçsin, o her
zaman benim en iyi arkadaşım olarak
kalacaktır.
E) Sanırım aramızda geçenler onun en iyi
arkadaşım olduğu gerçeğini hiç bir
zaman değiştiremez.
52. You can act however you like, on the
condition that you follow the rules that
have been established by the
administration.
A) İsteseniz de istemeseniz de ancak
idare tarafından belirlenmiş kurallar
çerçevesinde hareket edebilirsiniz.
B) İdare tarafından saptanmış kurallar
çerçevesinde, İstediğiniz gibi
davranmakta özgürsünüz.
C) İdare tarafından belirlenmiş kurallara
uymak, koşuluyla, istediğiniz gibi
davranabilirsiniz.
D) isteseniz de istemeseniz de, idarenin
belirlemiş olduğu kurallara uygun
hareket etmek zorundasınız.
E) İdare tarafından saptanmış kurallara
karşı gelmemek kaydıyla, istediğiniz
gibi hareket edebilirsiniz.
53. Whether or not the patient trusts his
therapist is very important to the end
result of the therapy.
A) Hasta, terapistine güvense de
güvenmese de, asıl önemli olan
terapinin sonucudur.
B) Hastanın terapistine güvenip
güvenmemesi terapinin sonucu
açısından çok önemlidir.
C) Hastanın terapistine güvenip
güvenmemesi önemlidir, çünkü bu
terapinin sonucunu etkiler.
D) Terapinin sonucu önemli ölçüde
hastanın terapistine güvenip
güvenmemesine de bağlıdır.
E) Önemli olan hastanın terapistine
güvenip güvenmemesi değil, terapinin
sonucudur.
54. One of the best academic libraries in
Africa today is that of al-Azhar
University, founded in Cairo in about
970.
A) Bugün Afrika'daki en iyi akademik
kütüphanelerden biri, 970 yıllarında
Kahire'de kurulmuş olan al-Azhar
Üniversitesi'nin kütüphanesidir.
B) 970 yılında Kahire'de kurulmuş olan al-
Azhar Üniversitesi'nin kütüphanesi,
Afrika'nın bugün sahip olduğu en iyi
akademik kütüphanedir.
C) Bugün Afrika'nın sahip olduğu en iyi
akademik merkezlerden biri olan
Kahire'deki al-Azhar Üniversitesi'nin
kütüphanesi, 970 yıllarında kurulmuştur.
D) Kahire'deki al-Azhar Üniversitesi'nin
kütüphanesi 970 yıllarında kurulmuş,
bugün Afrika'daki en iyi akademik
merkezlerden biri olmuştur.
E) Kahire'deki al-Azhar Üniversitesi'nin
970 yılında kurulmuş olan kütüphanesi,
bugün hâlâ Afrika'nın en iyi akademik
kütüphanelerinden biridir.
In recent years, visitors to Japan have often
been baffled by a paradox. On paper, the
country has spent the past decade entrapped
in economic gloom. But despite the grim
statistics, everyday life on the streets of
Japan reflects an almost contented air. Unlike
Britain in the 1970s, for example, economic
decline in Japan has not produced dramatic
riots or strikes. Nor has there been a repeat
of the political violence and obvious social
discontent seen in Japan itself in the 1920s.
Instead, Japan's citizens have remained
polite and its cities orderly, filled with busy
shops and well-heeled shoppers. Indeed,
places such as Tokyo, look so calm that a
casual onlooker might wonder whether there
has really been any recession - or even any
problems - at all.
55. The passage emphasizes the point that
A) Japan is deep in an economic
recession
B) Japan's recession has had little visible
effect
C) Britain had an economic decline in the
1970s
D) the Japanese are rebelling because of
the recession
E) Japan has no economic problems
56. As we learn from the passage, over the
past ten years
A) Japan has kept up a steady growth
rate
B) there has been social discontent in
Japan
C) political and social conflict have been
making a comeback in Japan
D) Japanese economic statistics have
been continually unfavourable
E) Japan has become noticeably poorer
57. In the passage, Britain and Japan are
compared because
A) they have had similar economic
experiences during the previous
decade
B) they reacted in a similar way to
economic recession
C) their economies are similar in size
D) of their differing reactions to economic
hardship
E) they are both currently enjoying a
fresh period of growth
53
 While Beagle 2 - commemorating Charles
Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle that led
to the publication of On the Origin of Species
- was the first space mission to carry the
name, two other missions have used it as
well. One was fictional and the other came to
nothing. The science fiction writer AE van
Vogt titled his 1950 Star Trek-style novel The
Voyage of the Space Beagle. Travelling from
galaxy to galaxy, its crew visited a number of
planets and encountered the remains of past
civilizations. They found that life forms existed
in space itself. Then, in 1963, NASA initiated
a study for a mission to land on Mars to
search for life. To avoid confusion with
projects already in development, the code
name Beagle was suggested, derived from
the ship which took Charles Darwin around
the world.
58. We understand from the passage that
Beagle 2 took its name from
A) the title of a famous book by Charles
Darwin
B) the ship that Charles Darwin had
sailed on
C) the first space mission to carry that
name
D) the title of a science fiction book
E) a galaxy discovered in the 1950s
59. As is pointed out in the passage
A) the Space Beagle was an imaginary
space ship
B) a number of planets have been
discovered in different galaxies
C) a NASA mission called "Beagle"
landed on Mars in 1963
D) there was a space ship called the
Beagle on Star-Trek
E) the original Beagle discovered life in
outer space
60. It's obvious from the passage that
NASA's 1963 mission named "Beagle"
A) inspired Charles Darwin to write his
famous book
B) resulted in spectacular achievement
C) failed to achieve successful results
D) was not a real space mission
E) has been confused with the ship on
which Darwin sailed
54
"Piltdown Man Hoax Is Exposed," announced
the New York Times on November 21, 1953>
"Part of the skull of the Piltdown Man, one of
the most famous fossil skulls in the world, has
been declared a hoax by authorities at the
British Natural History Museum," the article
said. The Piltdown fossils, including a portion
of the skull, a jawbone and a few teeth, were
found in 1911 and 1912. This "Piltdown Man"
was believed by many to be "the earliest
Englishman," and in fact, the missing link
between apes and humans. But in 1953, the
jawbone was found to be that of a modern
ape - an orangutan, most likely - that had
been treated with chemicals to make it look
as though it had been lying in the ground for
hundreds of centuries. The cap of the skull
was still thought to be a genuine fossil, but far
more recent than originally believed.
61. We can conclude from the passage
that the "Piltdown Man"
A) was the nickname of the discoverer öf
a famous fossil
B) was the missing link between apes
and humans
C) was the oldest Englishman
D) lived in the early part of the 20th
century
E) turned out to be an elaborate
deception
62. It was only after about 40 years that
A) the New York Times dared to reveal
the truth about the Piltdown Man
B) the Piltdown Man was proved to be not
what he was claimed to be
C) the fossils of the Piltdown Man were
fully excavated
D) the chemicals used to treat the skull
became effective
E) the missing link between apes and
humans was found
63. We understand from the passage that
whoever planted the Piltdown Man
A) used a human skull
B) treated the jawbone of an elderly
Englishman with chemicals
C) worked for the New York Times
D) combined ancient and modern bone
parts
E) worked for the Natural History Museum
By 1967, when ne performed the first
successful heart transplant, Dr. Christiaan
Barnard was senior cardiothoracic surgeon at
the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town,
where he had introduced open heart surgery
and other pioneering surgical procedures. He
had spent many years experimenting with
heart transplantation, mostly with dogs. The
first successful kidney transplant had been
done in 1954, opening up this exciting
surgical frontier. Barnard had a patient - 55-
year-old Louis Washkansky - who had
diabetes and incurable heart disease.
Washkansky could either wait for certain
death or risk the dangerous transplant
surgery. He chose the surgery. Dr. Barnard
compared his patient's decision to that of a
man who must either run from a lion or jump
into a river filled with crocodiles.
64. As we learn from the passage, Dr.
Barnard
A) performed the first kidney transplant in
1954
B) knew that his first heart transplant
patient was certain to survive
C) performed the first heart transplant on
a healthy patient
D) practised with dogs before performing
a human heart transplant
E) had no experience when, he performed
the first heart transplant
65. From Dr. Barnard's comment about his
patient's decision, it would be safe to
say that he
A) was trying to change the patient's mind
B) was certain that the operation would
be successful
C) was expressing the patient's fear of
animals
D) believed that the patient definitely
wouldn't survive
E) thought the operation would be risky
66. According to the passage, Louis
Washkansky chose to have a heart
transplant
A) because he had confidence in Dr.
Barnard
B) because he did not want his dog to die
C) since it would give him a chance of
surviving
D) in order to advance medical science
E) because he was sure that he would
survive
Vesuvius has a rather uneven eruptive
history, at times rumbling away almost
continuously for decades, at others standing
utterly silent for centuries before blasting into
life with dreadful consequences for those
living on its flanks. The volcano is currently
well into another of these rather threateningly
quiet periods, following years of activity that
ended with the 1944 eruption, which
contributed to the general mayhem of wartime
Italy. Since then, the entire Bay of Naples
region has been a hotbed of construction -
much of it unplanned and illegal - that has
hugely increased the number of people living
in the danger zone of the volcano. As a
result, an estimated 3 million people may be
affected by the next eruption.
67. As is clear from the passage, Vesuvius
has historically erupted
A) according to a quite regular pattern
B) irregularly and unpredictably
C) almost constantly for centuries
D) more often than most volcanoes
E) almost incessantly since 1944
68. We can conclude from the passage
that, within the danger zone of
Vesuvius
A) construction has been strictly
forbidden by the government
B) the population has increased almost
threefold since World War II
C) safety measures have been taken
more seriously in recent years
D) there are about three million people
living under potential threat
E) there used to be more people before
World War II
69. We understand from the passage that
at the present time, Vesuvius
A) has completed quite a large part of its
quiet period
B) is a profitable tourist attraction
C) is believed to be almost extinct
D) is coming to the end of a period of
activity
E) no longer poses any threat
 In 1928, W. H. Auden published his first book
of verse, and his collection Poems, published
in 1930, established him as the leading voice
of a new generation. Ever since, he has been
admired for his unsurpassed technica virtuosity
and an ability to write poems in nearly every
sK^^^:ss3±r° 'ri^^.*****,*,**»*.
and vernacular speech; and also for the vast
range of his intellect, which drew easily from
an extraordinary variety of literatures, art
forms, social and political theories, and
scientific and technical information. He had a
remarkable wit, and often mimicked the
writing styles of other authors such as Emily
Dickinson and Henry James. His poetry
frequently recounts, literally or metaphorically,
a journey or a quest, and his extensive
travels provided rich material for his verse.
_ _ ... . . ., ., ., . (Adapted from The Towers of Silence, by Paul Scott)
70. We understand from the passage that
Auden's poems are admired
A) because they are so easily accessible
B) although they are plagiarized from
other poets
C) for the way in which they influenced
other poets
D) because he was'the leading voice of a
new generation
E) for his mastery of style and his
covering of a wide range of ideas
71. It is pointed out in the passage that
Auden
A) was essentially a political poet
B) was inspired by a remarkably wide
range of influences
C) was not involved in the political or
social movements of his time
D) did not appeal to his own age group
E) never attempted to imitate other
writers
72. According to the passage, Auden's
verse
A) benefited greatly from his travels
B) was mostly written during his travels
C) can be claimed as quite original
scientific work
D) acted as a means to reveal his political
thoughts
E) inspired almost every aspect of
popular culture
56
Sfi
Miss Bachelor, christened Barbara (Barbie for
short), knew she had many shortcomings,
most of which were due to two important
fau|ts Sne se|dom stopped talking and was
indined to act wjthout thinking. Sne had often
d t b b)essed witn a more cautious
b
Y fallin9 enthusiastically to her knees and
speaking to God aloud, which may have
accounted for the fact that her prayers were
never answered. Her other attempts to reform
herself were also unsuccessful. When she
held her tongue, people asked rather
anxiously about her health - not without
cause, because the stress of keeping quiet
gave ner headaches and the headaches
didtVt get any better with her constantly
worrying about work pi|ing up if she put it off.
?3 We understand from tne passage that
Barbie Bachelor
A) talked too much and acted impulsively
B
) never made anY attempt to change her
character
c
) managed to overcome her faults
through her religious beliefs
£) w a s a careful and methodical worker
E rare
) V approached any task without
analysing it first
74. It can be inferred from the passage
that Barbie's attempts to correct the
flaws in her character
A) improved her health as well as her
character
B) were successful in the end
C) only made things worse for her
D) impressed her friends
E) helped her to work more efficiently
75. According to the passage, Barbie
sometimes suffered from headaches
A) sjnce she nad SQ shortcomings
B) whenever she had a pile of work
waiting for her to do
c) since God never spoke to ner
Q\ because it was so difficult for her to
keep q u j et
E) without any apparent reason

76. It does not seem very probable that
Emre will be able to find a new
apartment before he has to leave his
old one.
A) Emre doesn't think he will be able to
find a new apartment before he is
thrown out of his old one.
B) Emre's search for a new apartment
while there is still time may well succeed,
but only if he works really hard at it.
C) After all, had Emre only looked harder,
he would have been able to find an
apartment before the deadline for
leaving his old one came.
D) It is hardly likely that Emre will be
unable to find a new apartment before
he is out on the streets.
E) That Emre's search for a new apartment
will be successful before he has to
vacate his old one appears highly
unlikely.
77. The police know who they are looking
for, but he seems to have disappeared.
A) Although the police have identified
their suspect, he is still at large and
they cannot find him.
B) Since the police know who they are
looking for, it is only a matter of finding
him.
C) The police have no clues as to the
whereabouts or the identity of the
suspect.
D) Once the police had arrested him, no
one ever heard from him again.
E) If only the police knew who they were
looking for, they would be able to find
him.
78. You can never be sure about the
accuracy of TV weather reports.
A) If you want to know how the weather is
going to be, you should watch TV.
B) There are more accurate ways of
learning how the weather will be than
watching TV.
C) Weather forecasts on television are
notoriously unreliable.
D) TV weather people often seem unsure
of themselves.
E) If I were you, I would rely on the TV
weather report.
79. A new shopping mall has just opened
in our neighbourhood, so the traffic is
certain to get worse.
A) Although we needed somewhere to
shop in the neighbourhood, the
increase in traffic is certainly a
disadvantage.
B) There is a lot of opposition to the new
shopping mall because of the traffic
problems it will cause.
C) Because of the new shopping centre in
our locality, traffic will definitely become
more congested.
D) An increase in traffic is a small price to
pay for the convenience of a new
shopping mall in our neighbourhood.
E) Had it not been for the new shopping
mall, traffic in our area would not have
become so bad.
80. I don't think much of her new song, but
I suppose it could have been worse.
A) When I think about her new song, I
always wonder how it could have been
improved.
B) While I do not particularly like her
latest song, I felt it was not as bad as
it could have been.
C) Even if her new song were better, I still
don't suppose I would like it much.
D) I wish her new song was better; then I
would listen to it more enthusiastically.
E) I do not think that her new song is very
good, but her last one was even
worse.

81. Ever since the continents had been
completely mapped, people had been
noticing that many coastlines, like
those of South America and Africa,
looked as though they would fit
together if they could be moved like
puzzle pieces . Though trained as
an astronomer, he was a specialist on
Greenland. He noticed that, based on
nineteenth-century longitude
determinations, it appeared that
Greenland had moved a mile away from
Europe over a hundred-year period.
A) Paris and Washington, D.C., seemed
to be moving apart by about 15 feet
each year
B) San Diego and Shanghai got about six
feet closer
C) On top of that, related species, too
small to swim the oceans, were found
on different continents
D) Alfred Wegener was one of those
people
E) Opponents of the drift theory proposed
counterarguments for each line of
evidence
82. At the heart of the concept of a space
elevator would be a cable reaching up
as far as 100,000km from the surface
of the Earth. The earth-bound end
would be tethered to a base station,
probably somewhere in the middle of
the Pacific Ocean The momentum
of this orbiting object would keep the
cable taut and allow vehicles to climb
up and down it. A space elevator
would make rockets redundant by
granting cheaper access to space.
A) The creation of a space elevator would
deliver satellites, spacecraft and.even
people into space along a vertical
track
B) The concept has been around for at
least a century
C) Arthur C. Clarke once said a space
elevator would only be built "about 50
years after everyone stops laughing"
D) NASA is putting several million dollars
into the project
E) The other end would be attached to an
orbiting object in space acting as a
counterweight
83 They can, for example, smile,
blink and cry weeks before they are
born. The pictures of foetuses about
26 weeks after conception have been
captured by the latest scanning
equipment. Experts can now debate
whether the apparent expressions
reflect an emotional response or are a
simple physical reaction, helping
prepare the baby for the outside world.
A) Most newborn babies do not seem to
react to very much
B) Parents are always quick to point out
the facial expressions on their babies
that other people cannot detect
C) Images recently published suggest that
unborn babies can perform certain
actions before they leave the womb
D) General anesthesia is seldom used for
normal births because of the risk to
both mother and child
E) To nourish the growing fetus, the
woman's total blood volume increases
by 25 percent
84. There are already over 100,000 tonnes
of nuclear waste in the UK, most of it
stored on the surface, and the risk of
an accident, terrorist attack or some
other kind of incident mounts with
each year Of more concern,
though, are intermediate-level wastes
such as cladding from the spent
uranium fuel rods, and high-level
waste, which is a concentrated nitric
acid solution of materials produced
during fuel reprocessing and is so
radioactive that it spontaneously heats
up. It has to be continuously cooled,
and it will take decades for this high-
level waste to cool sufficiently for it to
be even considered safe for permanent
storage.
A) Some of the waste will remain
dangerously radioactive for up to
225,000 years
B) Terrorist attacks have become a
feature of the early 21st century
C) New nuclear power plants are no
longer being built in most countries
D) Britain is reprocessing nuclear
materials from other countries as well
E) Some is low-level radioactive waste
such as soil, metals and discarded
clothing
85. Strictly speaking, feudalism involved
only the noble classes. The system
rested, however, on the work of the
serfs, who supported the lords and
their knights. Officially the serfs were
"unfree", yet they were not the
property of other people, like slaves.
They were bound to the land and not
to any particular lord ; but neither
could the lord send them away.
A) They cultivated the lord's land, but
they could also work on their own land
B) They could not leave the place where
they were born
C) Unlike slaves, serfs could work their
own land and live in their own huts
D) They could pasture their cattle and
other livestock in the meadow
E) They could not use the woodland for
their own benefit
86. A friend has been staying at your
apartment while you are away for a
couple of months. When you return,
you discover that none of the bills
have been paid and that the phone and
the water have been cut off. Angrily,
you phone him and say forcefully:
A) I hope everything went well for you
while L was away; by the way, when
was the water cut off?
B) Leaving me with all these bills is a
horrible Way to treat me for me letting
you have my apartment for free.
C) I hope you were not inconvenienced
by there being no water or phone, I'll
take care of it as soon as possible.
D) I was wondering if we could share the
bills since I'm having a little bit of a
cash flow problem.
E) The water and the telephone have
been cut off, but there is no problem
with the electricity. Isn't it strange?
87. One of your friends, Alan, has formed
a band, and they have just got their
first gig. You have heard them play,
and they aren't very good, but you
want to encourage them, so you phone
a mutual friend and say:
A) What did you think of Alan's group? I
thought they sounded as if they had
never played together before.
B) What excuse can we use for not going
to hear Alan and his group play again?
C) Congratulations. I thought you would
have needed a lot more practice
before anyone offered you a gig.
D) We should go and support Alan and
his group, or they might get
demoralized.
E) They were a bit nervous about playing
in front of people, so it would have
been nice for them to have friends
there.
88. You and your sister have been invited
to dinner by a married couple.
Knowing that you should not go
empty-handed, you say to your sister:
A) We should pick up some flowers or a
cake on the way.
B) It was really rude of them to have
shown up without a bottle of wine or '
something.
C) We really should have taken them
something.
D) Do you think we should go a little early
and give her a hand with the cooking?
E) She's a good cook, so dinner should
be something special.
89. You show up for a job interview at a
publishing company, and are surprised
to be interviewed by an old friend from
school, who seems to have concentrated
on getting ahead, while you have spent
several years travelling around Asia
and Africa. You feel that your
experiences have been invaluable, so
when he asks what qualifies you for a
job in publishing, you reply:
A) You seem to have done very well for
yourself white I've just been wasting
my time.
B) I'm just glad I've been spending my
time building up experience rather than
sitting behind a desk all these years
like you.
C) If I were you, I would do some
travelling. It is much less stressful than
working all the time.
D) You don't seem to think that the
position is suitable for me.
E) I've learned several languages and my
knowledge of the world can help me to
evaluate the writing of others.
90. You have decided to cook dinner, but
the fridge is empty. Since your
roommate is just finishing a lecture,
you phone her on her mobile and say:
A) Tell me where you are going after the
lecture and I'll join you there.
B) I'll pick up some things to eat on the
way home as long as you can cook
them.
C) How was the lecture? Sorry, I missed it.
D) If you pick up some food on the way
home, I'll cook dinner.
E) Don't be late. Dinner is almost ready.
91. Frank:
* Who is your favourite among the
Romantic poets?
Will:
I don't think anyone can compare to
Lord Byron.
Frank:
Will:
- I don't know how you can say that.
He is much better than the others.
A) I agree. I really love his poems.
B) Didn't he write a long poem called
Childe Harold?
C) He had an interesting life, but I think
he is overrated as a poet.
D) The Romantic poets are so out of
fashion that I don't think I have read
any of them.
E) I'm sure you must be right because
you have the best tastes of anyone I
know.
92. Onur:
- How is your new English writing
teacher?
AN:
- He tells good jokes, but most students
think he talks too fast.
Onur:
Ali:
- Of course not. I've been studying
English since I was in primary school.
A) Have any of the students asked him to
talk more slowly?
B) Don't you have any trouble
understanding him?
C) They say the best way to learn is to
hear a language spoken at its natural
speed.
D) Can you tell me one of his jokes?
E) I hope they can understand him
enough to make some progress.
93. Melissa:
- Do you know anything about the
story of Atlantis?
Angela:
Melissa:
- Oh, everyone knows that. I mean do
you know any of the theories about
what the truth behind the legend
might be?
Angela:
- I'm afraid not.
A) I met an American archaeologist once
who had some very interesting ideas
on the subject.
B) I've got a good book which hypothesizes
on what might have actually happened,
if you would like to borrow it.
C) Isn't that the lost continent that is
supposed to have sunk into the
Atlantic Ocean?
D) Not really. Why do you need to know?
E) One supposition is that it might have
been ancient Crete.
94. Colin:
- I'm thinking of getting a cat.
Jake:
- Don't you think dogs are better
company?
Colin:
Jake:
- That's true. And at least you don't
have to take them for walks.
A) No, I like cats because they're
independent but also affectionate.
B) Now that you mention it, not only are
they better company, but they are
good for security as well.
C) Not really. It's so hard to catch them
when you want to give them a bath.
D) My landlord wouldn't let me have one
anyway.
E) Actually, I've been afraid of dogs since
I was a child.
95. George:
- I've heard that you are studying
mineral engineering.
Alice:
- Yes, it really interests me.
George:
Alice:
- Not really, but I've always wanted to
study it.
A) Does that mean that someday you
might be an astronaut?
B) Are there many jobs for women in that
field?
C) I had always thought you were going
to study social sciences.
D) It must be mostly guys studying in your
department.
E) Have you ever considered what you
are going to do after you graduate?
96. (I) Artur Rubinstein was a virtuoso pianist
who attained international acclaim. (II) He
reached a wide audience through his
concert tours and numerous recordings.
(Ill) The musician was known especially
as an interpreter of the works of Frederic
Chopin. (IV) Chopin, often called a "musical
genius", was perhaps the greatest of all
composers for the piano. (V) In addition to
Chopin, his wide-ranging repertoire also
included the works of Beethoven, Mozart,
Debussy, Ravel and Stravinsky.
A) I B) C) III D) IV E) V
97. (I) Forgetting is usually considered to be
something undesirable. (II) In actual fact,
. it serves several important functions. (Ill)
Forgetting generally occurs when a
person's memory is not used or activated
for a long period of time. (IV) Most
obviously, it allows people to discard data
that is no longer useful. (V) Also it makes
it easier for them to orient themselves to
the present.
A) I B) II C)lll D)IV E) V
GOOD LUCK
98. (I) E.M. Forster was an English author
and critic, member of the Bloomsbury
group, and a friend of Virginia Woolf. (II)
Virginia Woolf, dissatisfied with her first
books, began to experiment with the
stream-of-consciousness style. (Ill) Of
Forster's five important novels, four
appeared before World War I. (IV) After
gaining fame as a novelist, he spent his
46 remaining years publishing mainly
short stories and non-fiction. (V) In his
work, Forster's major concern was that
individuals should "connect the prose with
the passion" within themselves.
A) I B) II C) D) IV E) V
99. (I) British rule had brought internal peace
and some economic development to
India, but Indian intellectuals still dreamt
of a free India. (II) One day in 1852 in
British-ruled India, a young man burst into
an office in the northern Dehra Dun hill
town and announced to his boss: "Sir, I •
have discovered the highest mountain in
the world!" (Ill) Radhanath Sickdhar, a 39-
year-old mathematician from Calcutta,
was not quite off the mark. (IV) After four
years of unscrambling mathematical data,
Sickdhar had managed to find out the
height of the mountain that was called
Peak XV at that time. (V) Later it was
renamed Everest, after Sir George
Everest, the British surveyor general of
India from 1830 to 1843.
A) I B) II C) D) IV E) V
100. (I) The UK uses 5.5m tonnes of glass a
year but recycles only 750,000 tonnes of
it. (II) The UK is also not very good at
recycling paper. (Ill) The problem is that
half the glass is green from imported wine
and beer bottles. (IV) Green bottle glass
is worth only £15 a tonne because of the
surplus. (V) Clear glass, which is melted
down and used for whisky bottles, mainly
for export, is worth double that amount.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
61
 STORIES

MONKEYS (1)
When Zeynep and Dilek get back to the hotel, anxious to tell Fatih and Alper about their new
friends, they are surprised to see a small crowd in the lobby. Norbu is there, along with one of
the painters, who is waving a towel at a figure lying on the couch being attended by Tsering. As
they come up to the couch, they see that the figure is Alper, and-that his arms and face are
covered with small abrasions* and bruises.
"What happened?" asks Dilek.
"Oh man, what a bummer*!" moans Alper.
"Can't you ever speak proper English!" scolds Dilek.
"Keep still," orders Tsering. "Let me put this disinfectant on your cuts."
Taking a second look, Dilek can see that Alper does not really look badly hurt, and she
suspects that he is just pretending for the sake of the attention he is getting from Tsering.
"Ouch!" he screeches as the disinfectant stings.
"Now, now, be brave," admonishes* Tsering, which shuts him up right away.
"I guess it's my fault," says Norbu, looking guilty.
"No, no," disagrees Fatih. "He deserved it."
"But what happened?" demands Dilek, beginning to lose patience.
"Well," begins Norbu, "I asked the abbot..."
"The little one?" asks Zeynep.
"Well, yes, but his guardian was there as well. Anyway, I asked for permission to come and
show my new Turkish friends Swayambhunath."
"What's that?
"It's another big stupa," explains Fatih. "Smaller than the one we saw yesterday, but of
particular interest due to its mythical and historical associations ..."
"Oh, get to the point," demands Zeynep.
"Well," continues Norbu, "it is one of the most beautiful spots in the valley, high up on a hill
and not very far from here, so I thought you should see it. If you two had been here, I would
have taken you as well, but you'd already left, so ..."
"We're still waiting," interrupts Zeynep again, tapping her foot impatiently on the ground.
"Oh, sorry. Well, we climbed up the steps..."
"Hundreds of them," interrupts Alper from the couch..
"365 to be exact," corrects Fatih.
"We walked around and I explained about all the different deities, then we went into the big
temple to listen'to the monks chant. After that we went down the back way and walked right
around the hill."
"You can't imagine how many prayer wheels there were," says Alper from the couch.
"Kilometres of them."
"The people from Manang-that's where my family comes from-put them up," interrupts
Tsering.
"We even saw a cremation* ground," adds Alper, who suddenly seems much better than he
has been.

62
 ELS-YDS
"Which is where we almost had to leave you," said Fatih.
"I'm a Muslim. You can't cremate me!" objects Alper.
"You wouldn't have had much choice."
"Anyway," continues Norbu, "foreigners usually call Swayambhunath 'the monkey temple1
because of all the monkeys living on the hill."
"And guess who thought he could play with them?" asks Fatih.
"Well ... they were kind of cute," says Alper, defending himself.
"After Norbu warned him that he shouldn't look-directly into their eyes, especially the ones
with babies, he behaved a little better. But we had already walked almost all the way around the
hill and back to the bottom of the steps, when Alper saw a man with a cart selling bananas."
"If only I hadn't been so hungry!" whines Alper.
"Anyone," begins Fatih in the tone he always uses when he is about to embark on a lecture,
"with the slightest knowledge of the habits of primates ..."
"To make a long story short," interrupts Norbu, "In spite of my warnings, he bought a big
bunch of bananas."
"With entirely predictable results."
"They weren't bothering the guy selling them," objects Alper.
"The pigeons don't bother the people selling bird-feed at the mosques back home, either,"
Dilek reminds him.
"As soon as he bought them," puts in Fatih, "a whole crowd of monkeys charged at him to try
to get the bananas."
."I would have shared the bananas with them ..."
"They didn't bite you, did they?" asks Dilek, horrified and thinking of rabies shots.
"In fact, he threw the bananas at them, and ran away as fast as he could without looking,"
Fatih tells her.
"That's when he ran into the tree," adds Norbu.
"Head first."
By this time both Fatih and Norbu are laughing at the memory, and so is the painter, for
though he does not speak English, he has been following the story from the gestures. Even
Alper looks like he is having trouble keeping a straight face*.
"Well, I'd say you got what you deserved," says Zeynep. "But I'm sorry we missed the place,"
she adds, turning to Norbu. "What was it called?"
"Swayambhunath," replies Norbu. "It's still early. We can go back."
"I'm going to stay and send some e-mails," says Alper.
"It's hard to say where you'll get into more trouble," says Zeynep as they all leave.
It is about a 20-minute walk to Swayambhunath, which they can see clearly most of the way,
on its hill overlooking the valley. As they walk Fatih tells them the legend which he has learned
from Norbu that morning, and for once, no one cuts him off* or tells him to be quiet.
"Long ago, the Kathmandu valley was a lake, and in the lake there was a colourful flame that
came out of a lotus flower. It was called Swayambhu, which means 'the self-born, self-existent
one'. There is a Buddhist deity called Manjushri who symbolizes wisdom, or some say he was a
Mongolian holy man. You see pictures and statues of him everywhere with his sword of wisdom
and book of knowledge. He wanted to be able to worship the flame, so he used his sword to cut
a gorge at the southern end of .the valley where the water drained out."
By this time they have arrived at the bottom of the hill, where there are three statues of the
Buddha, and just like at Boudhanath, there are people burning incense, prostrating and chanting.
"Are you ready?" asks Norbu. "If you can go up all 365 steps without taking a breath, we believe
you will reach enlightenment." They don't get far before they have to take their first breath.
It is a long climb past statues of different animals-horses, peacocks, elephants, and a lion -
but Norbu hasn't got the breath to explain them. It is his second climb of the day. Monkeys
chatter and play all around them as they climb. They are careful not to look them in their eyes.
Then, near the top where the steps get steeper, there is an iron handrail. Zeynep is just about to
take hold of it when a monkey slides quickly down past her. Everybody laughs and then they
continue to the top.
 They are all out of breath when they reach the top.
"Why are there so many monkeys?" asks Dilek, fumbling for her notebook. "There must be a
legend." They all take a rest where they can look out over the city.
"Well," answers Norbu, "they say that when Manjushri came here after he'd let the water out
of the valley, he cut his hair. Each hair became a tree, and each of the lice* became a monkey."
"Can a deity have lice in his hair?" asks Zeynep.
"I guess it's the version where he's a Mongolian," answers Norbu a little unsurely. "Let me
show you some of the deities." The base of the stupa has a large number of deities, each in a
little niche, and their names are helpfully written beside them in Nepali and English. Worshippers
leave offerings of rice and fruit, which the monkeys sneak in and steal whenever no one is
looking.
On the northwest side of the stupa is a pagoda temple. "This is Hariti Ajima," explains Norbu.
"She is a Hindu mother goddess, the goddess of smallpox*, and people worship her to keep
smallpox away. Of course we worship her, too."
"Of course," comments Dilek, who is getting used to the idea of everything being shared by
two religions. The little temple is so popular that they cannot get near it.
Near the top of the stairs is a Tibetan temple with a huge golden statue of the Buddha
looking out. Next to it is something that looks like a building site.
"What happened here?" asks Dilek.
"There was a stone temple here, just like the one on the other side of the stairs," explains
Norbu. "But about a year ago, it caught fire."
"If it was made of stone, then how did it catch fire?"
"No one knows. And what's even stranger, the temple hadn't been opened for hundreds of
years. Maybe the god was angry over something."
Zeynep and Dilek are getting tired, for they have had a long and interesting day. When they
get back to the hotel, they all thank Norbu for taking them to Swayambhunath.
"By the way," says Zeynep. "The girls we met this morning told us about a big festival going
on in a few days. It's the biggest one of the year for Kumari, the living goddess, and it sounds
really exciting. Why don't you join us?"
"I'll try," says Norbu. "It's not really part of out Tibetan culture, so I've never seen it." The
painter says something to Norbu in Nepali.
"He says if you want to see village life, he would like to invite you to his village. It's not too
far. Only a two-day walk from the nearest road."
"That would be interesting. We should see something of the countryside. It looks as if we'll be
busy for the rest of the time we're here."

GLOSSARY

abrasion (n.): a slight wound that might draw blood

bummer (n.):
admonish (v.):
cremation ground (n.):
a straight face (idiom):
cut someone off (phr.v.):
lice (n.pl.; sing, louse):
smallpox (n.):
a slang term meaning a bad experience
rebuke or scold
a place where dead people's bodies are burned, a practice common
to both .Hindus and Buddhists
a serious expression
interrupt someone
small insects
a very contagious disease that causes fever, rash and blisters and
can be fatal

64
 ELS 2004/6 ANSWER KEY
1. A TRIVIAL LOVE TRIANGLE

1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.E 7.E 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.E 19.E 20.D
21.B 22.E 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.E

2. CHINDOCU-THE ART OF THE "UNUSELESS"

A. 1.A 2.C 3.E 4.D 5.D 6.E 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.E 14.D 15.B
B. 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A
C. 1.E 2.A 3.C
D. 1 from 2.for 3.among/with 4.of/to 5.from/under 6.with 7.as 8.In/in 9.to 10.of

J. THE CITY OF KISH

A. 1.E 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.E 8.D 9.E 10.B 11.C 12.E 13.C 14.A
B. 1.E 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D
C. 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A

4. A VACATION IN MONGOLIA

A. 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.E 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.E 12.A 13.E 14.C
B. 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.F 11.T 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T
C. 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C

5. CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW

1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.E 8.E 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.E 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.D
21.B 22.E 23.E 24.A 25.D 26.D 27.E 28.A 29.D 30.B

6. LEARN THESE (PHRASAL VERBS)

A. 1.let up 2.pull off 3.sold out 4.fall behind 5.kicked around G.wiped out 7.run on 8.turn in 9.kick in
10.gave out
B. 1.destroyed 2.abated 3/failed 4.lagged 5.submit 6.started
C. 1.get at 2.let down S.followed out 4.occurred to 5.brought about 6.get back 7.showed up 8.check out
9.do without 10.look up
D. 1.forgo 2.cause 3.reach 4.betrayed S.executed 6.improving

EXAMPLES FROM ÖYS/YDS

1.A 2.A 3.E 4.E 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.E 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.D

ELS 2004/6 TEST YOUR VOCABULARY

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. E 8. B 9. D 10. A
11. E 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. E 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. E
21. B 22. E 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. E 28. B 29. A 30. A
31. C 32. E 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. E 38. C 39. B 40. C
41. A 42. B 43. E 44. B 45. A 46. A 47. D 48. E 49. B 50. A
ELS 2004/6
: --. ^ •"? .V:..*"-" - .4.-.W -, . .-,-- v£«4*a$g§gy^y£tt3i«&^^
YÖUMSELM •' .
1. A 2. C 3. E 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. E 9. C 10. B
11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. E 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A
21. E 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. E 28. D 29. C 30. D
31. B 32. E 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. E 37. A 38. C 39. E 40. B
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. E 49. D 50. B
51. B 52. E 53. C 54. A 55. B 56. D 57. C ,58. A 59. A 60. E
61. D 62. C 63. E 64. E 65. B 66. A 67. D 68. C 69. E 70. B
71. A 72. D 73. E 74. B 75. A 76. C 77. C 78. D 79. B 80. C
81. E 82. B 83. A 84. D 85. E

İELS 2004/6 TEST WtflKSELF 2

1. B 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A
11. B 12. D 13. C 14. E 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. E 20. A
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. E 30. E
31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D
41. B 42. A 43. E 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. D 48. E 49. C 50. A
51. E 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. B 60. A
61. B 62. E 63. D 64. A 65. C 66. C 67. E 68. A 69. C 70. D
71. A 72. D 73. B 74. E 75. C 76. D 77. A 78. B 79. B 80. E
81. C 82. A 83. A 84. B 85. D

ELS 2004/6 PRACTICE EXAM I

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. E 9. D 10. B
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. E 16. E 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C
21. D 22. B 23. E 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D
31. E 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. E 40. A
41. A 42. E 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. E 48. E 49. D 50. E
51. C 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. B 56. D 57. D 58. B 59. A 60. C
61. E 62. B 63. D 64. D 65. E 66. C 67. B 68. D 69. A 70. E
71. B 72. A 73. A 74. C 75. D 76. E 77. A 78. C 79. C 80. B
81. D 82. E 83. C 84. E 85. B 86. B 87. D 88. A 89. E 90. D
91. C 92. B 93. C 94. A 95. B 96. D 97. C 98. B 99. A 100. B