Mendoza, Carlin Josh ECE-2201

21-03396 02/16/2023

Exercise No. 1

1. Which of these sentences are propositions? What are the truth values of those
that are propositions?

a) Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.

b) Miami is the capital of Florida.
c) 2 + 3 = 5.
d) 5 + 7 = 10.
e) x + 2 = 11
f) Answer this question.

a) Yes, T
b) Yes, F
c) Yes, T
d) Yes, T
e) No
f) No

2. What is the negation of each of these propositions?

a) Mei has an MP3 player.

b) There is no pollution in New Jersey.
c) 2 + 1 = 3.
d) The summer in Maine is hot and sunny

a) Mei does not own an MP3 player.

b) There is pollution in New Jersey.
c) 2 + 1 ≠ 3
d) The summer in Maine is not hot and sunny.

3. Let p and q be the propositions “Swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed”
and “Sharks have been spotted near the shore,” respectively. Express each of these
compound propositions as an English sentence.

a) ¬q
b) p ∧ q
c) ¬p v q
d) p → ¬q

a) Sharks have not been spotted near the shore.

b) Swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed, and sharks have been spotted
near the shore.
c) It is not allowed to swim at the New Jersey shore, or Sharks have been spotted
near the shore.
d) If swimming at the New Jersey shore is allowed, then sharks have not been
spotted near the shore.

4. Let p, q, and r be the propositions

p: Grizzly bears have been seen in the area.

q: Hiking is safe on the trail.
r: Berries are ripe along the trail.

Write these propositions using p, q, and r and logical connectives (including

negations).

a) Berries are ripe along the trail, but grizzly bears have not been seen in the area.
b) Grizzly bears have not been seen in the area and hiking on the trail is safe, and
berries are ripe along the trail.
c) If berries are ripe along the trail, hiking is safe if and only if grizzly bears have not
been seen in the area.
d) It is not safe to hike on the trail, but grizzly bears have not been seen in the area
and the berries along the trail are ripe.
e) For hiking on the trail to be safe, it is necessary but not sufficient that berries not
be ripe along the trail and for grizzly bears not to have been seen in the area.

a) r ¬p
b) ¬p ∧ q ∧ p
c) r → q ↔ ¬p
d) ¬ q ∧ ¬p ∧ r
e) q → ¬r ∧ ¬p

5. Determine whether each of these conditional statements is

true or false.

a) If 1 + 1 = 2, then 2 + 2 = 5.
b) If 1 + 1 = 3, then 2 + 2 = 4.
c) If 1 + 1 = 3, then 2 + 2 = 5.
d) If monkeys can fly, then 1 + 1 = 3.

a) False
b) True
c) True
d) True
6. Write each of these statements in the form “if p, then q” in English.

a) It snows whenever the wind blows from the northeast.

b) The apple trees will bloom if it stays warm for a week.
c) That the Pistons win the championship implies that they beat the Lakers.
d) It is necessary to walk 8 miles to get to the top of Long’s Peak.

a) If the wind blows from the northeast, then it snows.

b) If it stays warm for a week, then the apple trees will bloom.
c) If the Pistons win the championship, then it implies that they beat the Lakers.
d) If you want to get to the top of Long’s Peak, then it is necessary to walk 8 miles.

7. State the converse, contrapositive, and inverse of each of these conditional

statements.

a) If it snows today, I will ski tomorrow.

b) I come to class whenever there is going to be a quiz.
c) A positive integer is a prime only if it has no divisors other than 1 and itself.

a) Converse: “I will ski tomorrow only if it snows today.”

Contrapositive: “If I do not ski tomorrow, then it will not have snowed today.”
Inverse: “If it does not snow today, then I will not ski tomorrow.”

b) Converse: “If there is going to be a quiz, then I come to class.”

Contrapositive: “If there isn’t going to be a quiz, then I don’t come to class.”
Inverse: “If I don’t come to class, then there isn’t going to be a quiz.”

c) Converse: “If it has no divisors other than 1 and itself, then a positive integer is
prime.”
Contrapositive: “If it has divisors other than 1 and itself, then a positive integer is
not prime.”
Inverse: “If a positive integer is not prime, then it has divisors other than 1 and
itself.”

8. Construct a truth table for each of these compound propositions.

a) p ¬p
b) p ¬p
c) (p ¬q) → q
d) (p → q) ↔ (¬q → ¬p)

a) p ∧ ¬p

p ¬p p ¬p
T F F
 F T F

b) p ∨ ¬p
p ¬p p ∨ ¬p
T F T
F T T

c) (p ∨ ¬q) → q
p q ¬q (p ∨ ¬q) (p ∨ ¬q) → q
T T F T T
T F T T F
F T F F T
F F T T F

d) (p → q) ↔ (¬q → ¬p)

p q ¬q ¬p p→q ¬q → ¬p (p → q) ↔ (¬q → ¬p)

T T F F T T T

T F T F F F T

F T F T T T T

F F T T T T T

9. Construct a truth table for each of these compound propositions.

a) (p ∨ q) → (p ⨁ q)
b) (p⨁ q) → (p∧ q)
c) (p ↔ q)⨁(¬p ↔ ¬r)

a)
p q p q p q (p q) → (p q)
T T T F F

T F T T T

F T T T T

F F F F T
 b.) (p⨁ q) → (p∧ q)

p q (p⨁ q) (p∧ q) (p⨁ q) → (p∧ q)

T T F T T

T F T F F

F T T F F

F F F F T

c.) (p ↔ q)⨁(¬p ↔ ¬r)

p q r ¬p ¬r (p ↔ q) (¬p ↔ ¬r) (p ↔ q)⨁(¬p ↔ ¬r)

T T T F F T T F

T T F F T T F T

T F T F F F T T

T F F F T F F F

F T T T F F F F

F T F T T F T T

F F T T F T F T

F F F T T T T F

10. Construct a truth table for each of these compound propositions.

a) p → (¬q∨ r)
b) ¬p → (q → r)
c) (p → q) ∨ (¬p → r)
d) (p → q)∧ (¬p → r)

a)
p q r ¬q ¬q r p → (¬q r)
T T T F T T
 T T F F F F

T F T T T T

T F F T T T

F T T F T T

F T F F F T

F F T T T T

F F F T T T

b.) ¬p → (q → r)
p q r ¬p (q → r) ¬p → (q → r)
T T T F T T
T T F F F T
T F T F T T
T F F F T T
F T T T T T
F T F T F F
F F T T T T
F F F T T T

c.) (p → q) ∨ (¬p → r)
p q r ¬p (p → q) (¬p → r) (p → q) ∨ (¬p → r)
T T T F T T T
T T F F T T T
T F T F F T T
T F F F F T T
F T T T T T T
F T F T T F T
F F T T T T T
F F F T T F T
d.) (p → q)∧(¬p → r)

p q r ¬p p→q ¬p → r (p → q)∧(¬p → r)
T T T F T T T
T T F F T T T
T F T F F T F
T F F F F T F
F T T T T T T
F T F T T F F
F F T T T T T
F F F T T F F