ig. 7.11: Curved vane mounted radially on a wheel Let, R = radius of the wheel at entrance R, = radius of the wheel at exit © = angular velocity of the wheel V = tangential velocity of the vane at the inlet tip vi = tangential velocity of the vane at the exit tip W = weight of fluid striking the vane per second in the direction of motion of wheel as positive. momentum of fluid striking the vanes at the inlet Gy) 'oment of momentum or angular momentum at the inlet «(a Tangential momentum of fuid at Consider all vel Tange Tanger the outlet 5 (4) Tangential moment of ‘mome ( Wu” ot angular momentum atthe out! cs-nceay aan macro ser out any as tum, the wow 2 external tor € any axis is equal to the rate dn 6 von oat th Tate of change of angular wi yerefore torque on the wheel = Rate of change of moment of momentum .[™ Wa) rorave T= [Eve R= Mov »)| w : torque T= [Mv may, a] Work done on wheel/sec. = Torque x angular velocity of wheel = J ‘Work done on wheel/sec = [# Vw Rey Vina] w = 1G Mw: RO+ Vig Rr put Ro =v and Rw = y w Work done on wheel/sec = “(Vv + Viz (7.52) Nangle 'B' is obtuse angle, jet will leave the vane in the same direction as that of the motion of wheel. In this case Vw, will be in the direction of motion of wheel and hence it will be pasitive. In such a case w Work done on wheel/sec = “> (Vw Vu, ¥) (753) Combining equations (7.52) and (7.53), general expression work done on the wheel can bewritten as w Work done on wheel/sec = “5 (V+ Yin ¥ (754) This equation is known as “Euler's Momentum Equation” and is useful in fluid power Srgineering. W 4 otk ber unit weight of liquid can be written as 1 Work done/sec/unit weight = = (wv #¥in ¥2) (7.55) h - nga’ P® noted that if fuid leaves the vane in racial Mthe exit, B = 900 and Vw, = Oand we get rection at the exit or if the flow is Wy, y) (756) Work done on wheel/second = (“Vwacs - BEIM nos won smangies win <9, B= IP BSB = IP) cz types A cnstiet 1979) ee rs Typed: BOP or 2B Yon 0. 0F Va 7 Etfcency ofthe whee = 2a York done/ser = oe Type 2: B> 90 or ZB~Obtuse ange 758) Vay > OOF Vay is sve w work done/sec = M ayy, Nv Type: Jneii- 759) 5 = 90° or B is nght angle fer given value of jet velocity V and given angie a 7 will be maxim #V;'s minimum ft Vn, = 0 ‘rrot be zero because with V; = 0, fow i not possitle. However + ean be seen fom the v= Vy let tangle that smalier the angle 0 of vane at outlet. gaix 25" Se ew F; = 30.656 KN] F, = Pressure force on face at (2) = I Now ‘area of section (2) = Ce x Area at gate opering ext) = 06x 05 x) = garxo3r Re 2 aoa fF, = Reaction of the gat + grown in Figs 735. TIT te on the liquid mass asFLUID MECHANICS = (1 CIMILL Now, yy = 25m, Vi = o7sm/s, y2 = 03M Discharge per meter width of channel q =yiM = 25x075 gq _ 1875 Ve = y, * 03 ‘Applying momentum equation in X-diection, we get eS W.-W) = ivf Fe goles (625-075) = 30656-0.44-F, 10313 = 30.656-044-F =_19.903 kN since F; is + ve, assumed direction is correc. Force on gate per metre width vil 19.903 kN but in the direction of flow. Force on gate = Force required to lift the gate = 39.806 KN] in the direction of flow. Weight of gate + 1 (39.806) 25 + 0.5 (39.806) 22.403 KN =, [Force required to liftthe gate = 22.403 kN) ‘Example 7.4 : For laminar flow in a pipe, velocity distribution is given by ¥ f_(¥] i - ‘Juere v isthe velocity ata distance from the axis, Viper’ the velocity centre of the pipe and 'R' the radius of the pipe. Find ion factor eee pipe. Find the energy correction fe ‘deat radius’ Consider an annular ring of width sm the axis Area of the annular ring at distance r fro dA = 2nr dr The discharge through the annular ring is af) dQ = dA.v =2nrdr.v av at(3-(8) ~ ea ANIC pm But fogeimPle 7.5 A square plate 02 the top. A horizontal jet of wate? ity of 10 m/s. Find the f ry with a vel ‘oeep the =I CTE CIV 0 0 a z Ble ale eee ocr | hema wl zie MIR plate vertical. ole wrelhsjee 2h. Vioe Ef 74] = ae Qin terms of Vay is given by Q = aR. y, \R ° im = average vel = 3atb + 3.ab?—bi] spended vertically with 0 inges on the plate at the the [ower edge of the ing 100 Ni eter imi applied ‘m xozmwei "20 mm in da re requiredFLUID MECHANICS ~1 (Te CIVIL) Solution: =a.V Quantity of water striking the plates = 2 y Mass of water striking the plate/s = P@- 1 velocity of et normal to plate = V m/s =0 Final velocity of jet normal to plate , Rate of change of momentum = p.a.V' : 2 Force on plate due to jet = p.a-V’ z (wy : F = 1000x 5 x (i599) (doy F = 3142N Hinge | Jet 20 mm @ Plate Fig. 7.17 Let P be the force applied at the lower edge of plate to keep it vertical Taking moments of F and P about hinge, we get Px 02 =Fxo1 E3142 2= >” = 1S71N P= 1571N Sm in diameter having a velocity of 25 m/s ; the thrust when @ the plate stationary, P= @ smooth fiat plate. Determine MOWNG with a velocity of § m/s in What is the work done per 5 the direction of jet eC. by the ee nore done per sec. In each cose > a_i oF ser Fed pate I V=25 ms —Eoaee i det Som g Fired plate Fig. 7.18, 1. When the plate is stationary, force on pate no x 9 * og, * 2 *(O057x (25 Force on fixed plate = 1227.18N 2. When the plate is moving in the direction of plate, force on the moving pate as shown in Fig. 7.19 is given by Moving plate te is stationary. Work done in the first case is er since th Pa Work done in the second case ce xveocty of pate Work done = eens 12 3927 NSFLUID MECHANICS - (TE CIVIL) _—__—— Example 7.7: A jet of water, 10. diameter moves wi a series of flat plates fixed on the periphery ‘of wheel. If due f0 impact th a 1e Wheel ron 1 roan St, rpm, calculate tes (@ Force exerted by jet on the plate (i) Work done on the plate/sec. Gi Torque exerted on wheel if the ra of wheel is 1. Solution : Refer to Fig. 7.4 Velocity with which the plate moves dial distance at which jet strikes the pj late ang _ aDN _ 2x2x100 v= "60 ~ 60 [y= 10.47 m/s] () Force exerted by jet on the plate mv _ 9810 @ f= HP w- = gan <4* (100 % 25 x (25-109 = 2852.96 N c= FXY = 2852.96 x 10.47 = 2987048 N-m/s {iy Work done on the plate/se (ji) Torque on the wheel 7 = Fx Radius of the wheel = 2852.96 x1 = 2852.96 N-m A75 mm diameter jet having @ velocity of 30 m/s strikes the normal press! 1ed at 45° to the axis of the jet. Find Example normal of which ‘hen the plate is stationary. i gm the jet [ecHANICS —1L(TE CI) 1 — solution — Pact oF et angle between the jet and the plate Cs a5 2 ass lore onthe plates gives , lee “eee 7 sno ae) = Bar XOOD4I8 x 30) sin 6 F = 281160N {iy When the plate is moving witha weloty of soymal pressure on the plates given by ty of 15 ms and away fom the je the wW-w 3 Fe sine velocity of [Note : I is as ifthe plate it stationary ard thet mova wn w-vl sa10 = BP onmmns 00-157 x54 F = 70290N ate = 702.90) ofthe jet the frce on the The normal force on the movins ut the power and efficiency rection has tobe found OM In order to find 04 the direction of motion ie. x i! fe = Fane = 70250xsin4s" ° f, = 49708 power of the et or work done/see © jven Y second = RXV wemcere 2 49703* 6 cond = 15545 wemisor wat or —s755FLUID MECHANICS — (TE CIV lta yecHANICS = (TE CL : 7 may Input power ie kinetic energy supplied by he et/Secondis given by, Raf eM ea force y ci Input = 29 yaw 0-y, 9810 x 0.004418 x (30)? eeiaeneo) = 2x 9.81 2 = 3B] 6 24sin gon Input = 59643 watts Output _ 7455.45 Eficiency 1 = “Input ~ "59643 = 0.125 Example 7.9: A jet of water stkes o stationary curved vane tangentially without the inlet tip with a velocity of 30 m/s, The direction of the jet is deflected through an on from the original direction and there is 20% reduction in velocity when the jet passer vane. Ifthe weight of water striking the vane is 20 N/s, calculate the magnitude and dex. r of the resultant force on the vane. ~ @ = tant Solution : Example 7.10 : A circular jet of water 60 mm diameter, impinges tonger ‘are with a velocity of 20 m/sec. The vane is so shaped 1s angle of 45° if tis held stationary. Determine The thrust on the vane in magritude and direction when Force on the vane in x direction, ® The angle through which the jet would be deflected wnen the vane s movig with 0 velocity of 10 m/sec in the direction ofthe jet nary inves (Pu. 1995) f= Mass of water striking the vane/sec x charge (@)_The work done by the jet/N of water of the jet in x-direction. Solution : aYyey g Vi- Va cos 8) w = 9 Vi-V2c0s 60") 20 ort = 931 (30-24 x cos 60") [V, = 0.8 V; = 08% Ch.7| 736 >0 Force in y-direction is, or Total thrust on vane, or 5, = mass of water stiking the vane/sec x change of jet in x-direction 5 ay IV-(Vcos 6)] vi = a-cose) 9810 » 3 x (0.06) (207 = “lt cos 5s) Fy = 33125 Fy = mass of water striking the vane/sec » change in xm of jet in y-direction Vv =O o-Wsino) v2 = sino 9810 =~ Bar” (0.06) (20) sin 45° Fy = -799.72N] or in downward direction = V(33125) + (799727 F = 865.61N Direction of total thrust : or 799.72 8 = tar z = — wr, = 8 33125 @ = 67°-39' . The total thrust is inclined downwards and makes #7 67° 30’ with the horizontal. oe osama" Mee When the vane is statonary the force acting on vane in x-direction er, © Fg. 724. torelative velocity at This relative velocity leave the vane without Further, velocity of vane at outlet [Draw dt = Vp, When the vane is moving tn * ve 88 on Th then de = V7; the absolute veocity at ent WO traeeten «, aa MIS Sr maven rare xe x5FLUID MECHANICS - TE CIMI)__— isan isosceles triangle and hence [Note : It may be noted that 5 dfe i 7 a le are equal and equal to$ = 22°-301 a 1 (ii) Work done/N of water/sec = g (Vw~ Vin) °¥ 1 = 981 = 2.986 N- 2.986 N-m/N) x (2017.07) x 10 m/N Work done/N of water/sec Example 7.11 : A jet of water 2 m in diameter having velocity of 30 m/s npn, ‘curved vane and is deflected through an angle of 150° Find @ The force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of motion when th, fixed | i The work done ifthe vane is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s, Gi). The maximum efficiency of the jet if the single vane is replaced by a series of the same type. fa Solution : v. Ving The vane is as shown in Fig. 7.2, (When the vane is fixed. Mass of water striking the vanes/sec = 12 9 Initial re vocty of jet in the direction of motion ie. x-direction = V Chan oe nthe direction of motion ie. x-direction = -V a '9¢ velocity in the direction of motion ie. x-direction = V-¥“ Vid + cos 6) SP, Ry guns tke e SQ Force in x-direction ——_ract of et AV Fy “ VE + cose = = 7 Or cose) ~ 28 fe 4 = bai * fxd) 3K + coxa) Fx = 0.53 kN When the vane is moving in x-direction with v we with relative velocity (V -v), locity v m/s, the jet will go over the (2+ c0s8) 981 (Rf = gat * (aX Gp) * G0-10%x (0 + cos 309) Fx = 0.234 kN Work done/sec = F,-v = 0234 x10 [Work done/sec = 2.34 kN-m/sec] or or ) When there are series of vanes, all the quantity of waters utiied and hence the fuceis given by Fy = ee (V-v-(1+ cos) 981 (B, a). 10) x (1 + cos 30") -# «Gm 30x (00 = 0352KN Work done/sec = Fxxv = 0352*10 [Work done/sec = 3.52 kN-m/set! sa 3st ec 3D N _Work donelse— = "yi) * ™ Efficiency = Energy suppled/see (nv 2g) 9 332 . 083 33 = ae gan)A 1p MECHANICS = (1 CMI)___— We, ans CTE CML) water having velocity of 45 my, _ s pone Example 7.12 : A 5 cm diameter jet of * an ‘0 velocity of 12 i ve - raving a deflection angle of 135° and moving at ity of 12 m/s in the oe , a on. “Assume no friction. Compute ne ; : (Forces exerted by the fluid on the vone {iy Absolute velocity of te jet when it leaves the vane. y = 33. mis (ai Power developed. vy Solution : a 4 Vey : f BV; ho 7 ed outlet triangle is sh ei et griarged outlet triangle is shown in ig. 727. v,,= 33-mi9 y,, Oust om 72 eg * 4 = Rms 3 Ve, €056 = +My Wa, = Ve, 080-% = 33 c0545"-12 = as mA =,sn = 33sinds* vs, = 23335ms Fig. 7.26 Force exerted on the vane inthe direction of motion , x (5 yaV=) (yeh Area of the jet asa J a asl 4*(9 5 ee) a = 196310? m? BIO ga 20 45-22) «(45 + 12335) The jet is deflected through 135° sal = 180-135 * Fy = 3649.38) or o = 45 The inlet triangle is a straight horizontal line as shown in Fig. 7.26. From inlet triangle, we have Vw = V = 45 m/s Ve=0 v = 12m/s Ve = Vi, = 45-12 = 33m/s (Ve =Vr, Force exerted on the vane normal to drectionof mote” 5 Bo) a0 orix3axe 0 3.968 = 981 23338) Ch. 71742ir ANICS —H TE Civ utlet whenitleaves the vane, Ty go _— sottion = Mi, _ 23.335 a Now, tanB =, = 1133s = 2059 1 . = 641° or Get! Fig, 7.28 Inet tangle or B= 64°-6' From inlet triangle, V=25m/s v=10ms a=30 or Angle made by absolute velocity with the direction of motion. Now. hy = 25.c0s 30° = 2165 mis 180-8 = 180° (64*-6') Vt = 25sin30" = 1250 m/s = 15-54 Angle made by V; with direction of motion othe vane angi ip, 1250 |The angle at which water leaves the vane at outlet = 115°- 54° 8 Ww Hies-10 74” (ui) Power developed by vane. or [Vane angle at inlet tip, @ = 47°-1" = xxv _— us = 3649.33 x 12 Further, Vr = no * sin(a7?—2) = 43792 N~ m/s or watts or Vp = 1709 mis Power developed = 43792 W or 43.792 kW] Now for outlet triangle, =: = ee Va, = Ve = 1709m/s, v= 1Om’s Example 7.13 : A jet of water having a velocity of 25 m/sec impinges on a cunes 7 angle p= 60" with a velocity of 10 m/sec. The jet makes an angle of 30° with the direction of moter ‘The outlet triangle is as shown in Fig. 7.28. 4 vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 120°. Calculate the angles of the vane tips. Ts “, ua ' <4 [important note : When we say that water enters or leaves a vane of @ ‘ub {iy understood that water enters or eaves with “Absolute velocity”. Ifwe v2", enters oF leaves with "Relative velocity’ V; or V,, then it is neces* m ‘hat water enters or leaves with relative velocity V; or Vey. When NO made, it must be understood as absolute velocity, The relative velocity V; makes the angle 8, the angle of vane at angle 6, the angle of vane at out yo aoe Jet tip and Vs ™ Fig. 729: 00 iP with the direction of motior Se th [var >FLUID MECHANICS ~ (TE CML) Mercy | ycrunteS =BTE cu _ From A def by sine rule, Land out Vi sin (180°-) ~ 17.09 sin 120° A 10 sin(B-9) = 7709 = 0.5067 Z(B-0) = 3044 Zo = 60-3044 = 29.55° or 29°- 33" series of vanes moving at velocity of 15 m/s. The direction of motion of van to that of jet. The relative velocit let and outlet are same. Absolute velocity at out! be normal to the direction of motion of vanes. Find vane angles, work done per newton wes: of water ad efficiency. (Pu, 208 Solution : eM, = vand Vy = Vd Y= 1902ms Vv, = 32.03 mis Vay = Outlet triangleFLUID MECHANICS ~ (TE CIVIL)__— te Work done/sec “a Now Efficiency = “Ke.ofjetisec ~ V/29 62.355 : = 0.6042 = asyn9e2 (icieney 1 = 604255) re ———_————__ oer impinges on cor a Example 7.15 : A jet of water moving at -20 m/s impinge cave shapeq one aa: deflected through an angle of 120? when the vane is stationary. Ifthe vane starts ma “ i ms determine the angles of the jet to avoid shock at the inlet assuming the "9 at Vane ty symmetrical 4 Also calculate the velocity of the jet at the exit both in magnitude and direction work done per newton of water per second. Relative velocity at the outlet is 90% oft, inlet due to friction of the vane. Solution : The jet is deflected through 120° when the vane is stationary. Further since the vane is symmetrical, the vane angles at inlet and outlet are 30° each. ond ty Therefore, when the vane is moving, the angle made by V, at inlet ie @ = 30° and angle made by V;, atoutlet i.e. @ = 30° (with the direction of motion of vane) The inlet triangle is as shown in Fig. 7.31. al v= 10 ms € pes Fig. 7.31 : Inlet triangle Now from A abc, we have by sine rule v v sin 150° ~ sin (30- a) on 2 _10 sin 150° = sin30-a) sin (0a) = 0.25 or 30-a= 14.48° @ = 15.52° or 15°-31' Now, it Ve = Vsin a = 20 sin (15° - 31') or [w= 535m] Vw = Vcos a = 20 cos (15° 31') o Wa = 3937 wr] SSS ese HANICS —1(TE CIVIL) yecHANICS IMPACT OF set ow from outlet triangle, from outlet triangle, or Vw; in = Vy €OS0-V = 963 cos 30¢— 19 Vos = 1.66 m/s shows that velocity Vw is in the same duecton as that of motion of vane and hence the outlet triangle is as shown in Fig. 7.32 Fig. 732: Outlet triangle Now from outlet triangle EEThe velocity of jet at ext will be 5.093 m/s and will make an angie with the direction of motion of vane. Work done/newtonfsee = 5 (w= Yn) ¥ gay [1927 1.66] x10 = 17.95 N-m/N ‘Work done/newton/sec = 17.95 N-m/N ee Example 7.16 : A jet of water having a velocity of 20 m/sec strikes vanes moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30° ‘motion of the vanes at entry and leaves at an angle of 150° Sketch the determine (@ The vane angles at inlet and outlet. and (Work done per second per unit weight of water, Solution : Fig. 7.33 : Inlet triangle shown in Fig. 7.33, The inlet triangle triangle is as Now from inlet triangle, Ww = Veosa = 20 cos 39° = 17.32 m/s 0 sin 30° = 10 m/s iven by Me Oe tai ony = tan Vi = Vsina= Now the angle of the van, at inlet ie. @ 10 = tanrt(1.366) Wa2-79 = emia or OF 209, On a series, With the velocity trang Pay) a poe gyecton of motion. MECHANICS ~ CTE CIVIL) Me = 20 8 ea EET Now for outlet triangle, Va = ‘he jet leaves at an angle of 150° ig IMPACT oF ser low ‘ = 1239 mye Ve= 1239 m/s andy 2 10 mys itis thea the angle made by absolute velocity withthe e B = 30° The outlet triangle is as shown in Fig, 734 b= v= t0 miso vy, f Vis. Fig. 7.34: Outlet triangle Now from outlet triangle, applying sine rule to A det we get vs A sin (30-) ~ sin 150° 10 1239 sin (30°—) * sin 150° 300-9 = 238° = 62 of 6-1" The (best) vane angle at outlet = 6°-12" a Vig. = Vy sin (624) = 1239%s0(627 * Vi, = 134m/s BL. 232m/s Therefore froma deh, Vy = = neeFLUID MECHANICS - I (TE CIM Work done/sec/unit weight of water is 1 Work done = (Ww + Von) 1 _— +232) +10 = Gai 0732 ) = 20.02 m [Note : Work done/sec/unit weight of water is output. The energy supplied, “ Marit ei isthe kinetic energy 2, . (input) tput 20.02 Efficiency = ay = Qoe = 0.982 or 98.2%] 19.62 Example 7.17 :A jet of ater impinges on a curved moving vane at an angle wana finally in the horizontal direction opposite to that of the vane. The angle of vane tip ating 103: Force exerted by the jet per unit weight of water in the direction of motion of thew 08 and the axial thrust per unit weight of water is 1.2. The vane moves horizontally wit} velocity of 21 m/s. Determine (a) Vane angle a (b) Velocity of jet at inlet, (c) Petey reduction in velocity of water while passing over the vane. Pu.) Solution : sO s a 10.57 m/s 10.43 mis y Le. Yoo ye | Fig. 7.35 é The vane angle at the inlet ot P is 103° it ces a0 103° withthe direction of motion of vn ris at vloty Vat inlet mak wt This shows that v i than Ww the inlet triangle ne. }ows that v is greater w outlet trargle wil beara ine asin the water leaves the vane hori 5 shown in the same fi igure. Ch. 7) 757 4 at EES 2 Y act oF ver Fy = im outlet triangle, vj, = aut fo ontally Fy= of 12= or Ves Ve v-Vw 11.772 or tan 77° = oe Solving we get, Vw = 18.28 m/s Vane angle a. um ar AZT O64 or Velocity at inlet : Ve = + (18.287) = 2174 m/s 1772 12.08 m/s =n Now we have "Oren the direction of motion 1 Fy = Ww Von) _ 9 a chet?‘uo wees =F) 204, = ay 1828+, NY or 08 = gay (18-2 Iw) or Vy, =~ 10.43 m/s which shows that Vw, is in the same direction as that of the motion of y, triangle is, therefore, as shown in the figure. Now, Absolute velocity at outlet Vy = Vay = 10.43 m/s ae. Thy Absolute velocity atthe inlet V = 2174m/s % reduction in absolute velocity 2174-1043 = 5r74 100 = 52.02% % reduction in absolute veloci Example 7.18 A jet of water of diameter 10 cm strikes a flat plate romaly | velocity of 15 m/s The pate moving with a velocity of 6 m/s inthe direction o way from the jet. Find: © The force exerted by the jet on the plate (i) Work done by the jet on the plate per second (id The power of the jet in kW (iy Effciency of the jet. Solution : (on 68 d= 10cm=01m a = Fd? =F (0.17 = 00078 m? v = 15 m/sec; u = 6 m/sec (0) The force exerted by jet on the plate, F, = pa(v—uj? = 1000 x 0.007 x (15 - 6)” 'e per second * Fixu = 636.176 (1) Work done by jet on pia Sie th vlrae » “ge “Se. ay 2 IMPACT OF ser jcHANICS = (TE CIMIL)_ ay the power ofjet in kW, p . et don pene 6 1009 EEE) {uv Efficiency of the jet, _ 381202 * 130536, Grample 7.19 A dichorge of 00% mh moves ou fareororee stiles ot one tip of a curved vane such tht itis defected trough an ange (Force exerted and work done by jet on vane inthe direction of mo fred. (G0 Work done when vane moves with velocity of 10 m/s (i Work done and maximum efficiency on a series of vane Solution : Q = 0.01 m*/s; V = 25 m/s:¢ = 120°. (May 16, 8) qe a Mass of striking water/sec * “fFUUID MECHANICS = HLT kb in the direction of motion ie, x-direction = y ee ¢ motion = = V cos @ ZL Final velocity o Change in velocity = V-(-V vos 8) = V(1 + cost) W Force in direction =F, = EY (1 + c036)-V 825x 4x 104. gq (2 * c0s8) = on = 375N 9810 F, = 0.375 kN As plate is fixed in case () work done = 0. When the vane in moving with a reduced relative velocit in x direction with velocity u (m/s) jet (v-u) 90 overt, (1 + cose) F, = 135 N = 0.135 kN) Work done/sec = F, x velocity of plate = 0.135 x 10 = 135 kN.m/s (ii) When there are series of vanes, uantity of water is utilized and hence theo given by, 3 (v-w) (1+ cos) F, = 225N = 0.225 kN Work done/sec, 0.225 x 10 = 2.25 kNm/sec Now, Efficiency (maximum) on series of vanes is; = —Work done/sec Energy Supplied/sec ~ yav ye *3, 29 = 072 ES Ch 756 fp the von angle at nt 5 that the water {g the absolute velocity ofthe water ater eving ty 'evane ond the work done on the vores per uit weigh of wt sapres solution: Given :U = 15 m/s,v = 30/5 a = 390 direction =i ute voloaty 4° tly Fig. 737 Int velocity triangle 30.cos30° = 15 +V,-cos® bo) 30sin 30° = V,-sin€ ‘ Solving equation (a) and (b)[@ = 53.799 Vv, = 18.59 m/s| (From Outlet velocity triangle o “Vy cos B = ~ 1859: cos 10" +5 ® Vi sin B = 1859-sin 10° en Vy, = 4622 mis Work done(4000 « 000785 x 30) 30! x jet having velocity of 30 m/s strikes q f axis ofjet Find the normal force on plate use ple 7.22 :A jet of water of diameter 75 om sites a caved plate centre with & pont m/s The curved plate & moving witha velocity of @ mis in the dvecaon ot 1s defected through an angle of 165° Assume te plate ismooth int (May 18, 6M) iency fet when plate is stationary and moving | me (May Force exerted on the plate inthe areton of et (ee. 1 Solution : Normal force when (Force exerted by the jet on plate, F, = paw-urd = 1000 x 0.00785 x 30? x sin 30° = 1000 x 0.0044 x (20- = N F, = 3532 N| F, = 1250.38 We je (i) Plane moves with velocity 10 m/sec ) Work done oe = arsoasxe ie u = 10 m/sec » yoo0304 Nmec F, = pa(v-u)*sin 1003.04 = 1000 x 0.00785 x (30 - 10)? sin 30 Power of jet = “1000 P= 10 kW) Work done Y fationary et} i Qutput __Work done he Efficien = etic energy 70. Since point of application Of od 11 = “Input * Kin sexs 125038%8, as038x8____ 2 fone _ 1250388. eo Gone is zero, effciency becomes zero - $1000 0004 loa When plate is moving, qpavxvLD MECHANICS —B (TE CNM) We example 23:4 jet of water having a velocity of 25 m/s impinging op wns mong th same ection 25 that ofthe with o vel 8 ym an angle of 20° with the direction of mation of vane at entry and leaves the yay ®t of 120% the water enter and loves the vane without shock find the vane ange outlet Also, find the work done per second per unit weight of water striking i vont friction. (ay Solution : The inlet triangle shown in Fig. 7.38. Pa feveemis | Fig 738: Inlet triangle Now from inlet triangle, Vw = V cos a = 25 cos 20° = 23.49 m/s Vi = V sin @ = 25 sin 20° = 8.55 m/s Now the angle of the vane at inlet ie, @ is given by aM 855 = tan? ES tary = 25°54" 8 = tant 7 = tan (85) = 28°54 Angle of vane at inlet, [9 = 28°54" v Ne - iow, Ve = Sage 1769 m/s For outlet triangle, v,, = V, = 17.69 m/s and V; = 8 m/s. nt The jet leaves at an angle of 120° “ velocity direction of motion, B = 20° ie. itis the angle made by absolute 9.7.39: Cute trlangle Ch.7 1760 yp suns _ wow. rom outlet tangle. ayn ne wyeys 5 ats - 3H sin 20-9) * Siniage 8 1769 sin (20-9) ~ Sin 20° sin 120° os Vy = at weget 3.06" 07 39936" Va, sin (3.065 = 17.69 sin (3.06% = 0.944 m/s Now, Yi os Mex * tan 20° * tan 20° = 259 is ., From Adeh. Now find workdone / sec. / unit weight of we workdone = 1 g et Ma) = ppy 2349 + 259-8 = 227m [Work done /sec / unit weight of water = 21.27 m THEORETICAL QUESTIONS chines ae based, fon a stationary fat 1.2006) a State the basic principle on which the turbo-macies a ss 2. Derive an expression for the force exerted by the jet Plate, held normal to the jet. Derive an expression for the f to the jet. How the magnitude oF Plates ? ya la ce exerted by ajet on 2 vale of force changes when 8 um Explain the principle of angular moment exerted by the jet on sit Pes Derive an expression for force ev the jet by 8 Derive an expression for force exete# 7 the je Derive an expression ae on a fixed fiat plate held incline’ ee’ of discharge tt ro the jet.— esc Ge Terted by jet on 2 Sees of fat plate spa <2 efficiency developed. sa, jo MECHANICS ~B "ECM _— 8 Denve an expression for force & determine the maximum : ren for force work done of et impinging a moving py me ocean same jet 8 IMPINGING A Series of my tfficiency in the latter case ? by the jet at centre on centre, Also 8. Derive an expres “4 ‘ What is the maximum Derive an expression for the force excited curved plate. oa ce exerted by a jet of water on a series of vanes reg 11, Prove that the fo efficiency of the wheel 12. Explain the principle of angular momentum and obtain the expression case of a single moving curved vane when the jet of water strikes a What willbe the change ifthe single vane is replaced by series of vanes? 13, In case of a jet striking symmetric moving curved vane at the ce maximum efficiency will be obtained at v = 2u, where vis velocity of velocity of vane. 14, Show that maximum efficiency developed by a jet striking moving symmeta (2.209 ‘Show that in case of curved moving vane, jet striking at the centre, the mai efficiency is just under 60%. 36 Show that the theoretical efficiency of a wheel having equiskt symmetrical semi-circular curved vanes fixed ery, can maximum as 100% when the jet of water strikes the vane normally att vu. 198 Obtain the expressions for the force acting, work done and efficiency in gle moving curved vane when the jet of water strikes and leaves th tangential 8 curved vane at its centre is given by > (1 + cos 8). eA 16. Draw the inlet and outet triangle of velocities when jet strikes a moving Coe vane and derive the expression of work done. eu. stow hat the maximum efficiency of a vane is 100%, when 2 i# a vineer way cmcular moving cuved vane fixed around the circum ent oe wy is efficiency never achieved in actual practice ? o jain the principe of angular me ; ion fort ean hI Te a \ aaa 1 he diameter Of & nozzle atthe eng the force trying to tear ous is 001 m/s fae: 2.807 KN} ‘AL m diameter pipe carrying wate 390 kN/m? is deflected the 90° bend. tans. : 440.38 kN} {A square plate 300 mm » 300 mm weighing 2 hinge at the top. A horizontal jt of water ag ooh under a pressure of the resutant force exerted by a water on ly with a upper edge. Find the force required to be apple st plate vertical. If the one edge to keep the hinge fing the angle =2 ‘em in diameter having velocity of 20 m/s, strikes normal thrust on the plate ionary, is moving with a velecity ofS m/sin the directon of thejet [Also find the work done/sec on the plate and the efficiency of the jet when the plate is moving. (Ans. : 785.40 N, 441.79 N, 2208.91 N-m; 28.12%} Aijet of water strikes with a velocity of 35 m/s a ft pate axis of the jet. If cross-sectional area of at is 25 cm*, determine (Force exerted by the jet on the pate (i) The ratio in which the discharge gets cided ate strkng the plate MMs. : 1531.25 N 13.92] 20908 iyona fiat a1 30° with the Determine resultant force and i's direction on the vane as shown si water jet of 50 mm diameter and 20 m/s velocity strikes the vane tangentaly 2 is deflected without friction Vezms Fg. 740 (pu. 1996)10. EES aS. - la, « water impinges tangentially on 2 curved vane and is TT ygo MECHANICS = CTE CL) 7. jet of water impinges agian city of 28 mi defected, assume sot tne Lo 32008 75 vane is smooth, The jt strikes the vane tangenaly at ane ens ana env ng a re c ea one end and leaving at the , , {Ans. :17° — 58, 3967 m/s, 10° 55'~ 7 40 mis 75 aA s, 55! - 48", 6538 N - m/N| (P.u. 2002) INE 13. A circular jet deiivers water at the rate of 60 it's a velocity of 25 mis. The jet Fig. 741, impinges tangentially on a vane moving in the direction of et wh a vel of w a 125 mis. The vane is s0 shaped that, when stationary, it would defect the jet fe 2 Vecsey» 2 40~32 08759 = a08s8 through an angle of 45°, Through whet angle would it deflect the jet wnen moving 0 8 7 Also find the work done per newton of water (Pu. 1987) Fy = -Vasin®) = gar (0-32sin 759) =~ 787 NU Ans, : 22° ~ 30', 4.665 N-m/N] (Ans. : 112.86 N, 44° - 16)) 14. A jet of water having a velocity of 30 m/s, impinges on a senes of fat pi Alt of water fr . moving with 25 mvs, Determine the force exetee wor Gone oer unt went ot Whi rs tangent ity of and lave tha velcty af 25 mos I the decharge though arene si® (Ans. : 2.548 N/N/s; 63.71 N-nV5/N/, 50%) . Calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant gh ete 15. A jet of water having a velocity of 20 m/simpinges ona curved wane ONG NE vane s stationary. fant fore: oust a velocity 9 m/s The jet makes an angle of 35° wth the dracon Tate (Ans. : 22.72 N, 51°~ 5° with horizontal vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 120" Calculate the 293 non izont -u. A circular jet of 40 mm diameter “ ved ve (Hint : Refer illustrative example 716) ‘ F impin a velcty of 3 m/s. The vane eo mpinges tangentially on 2 cured [ans.:@ = 57°-14,9 = 25-31 ses incio ot angle of 45° if it is h shaped that it would deflect the J 16. hock, a series of vanes. The jet! ‘ s held stationary, Determine A jet of water strikes, without shock 9 #5 yc 30 8. The () The thrust on the vane in magnitud , angle of 20" to the direction of moto” OES sof te value a to the ) The angle through wh ‘anitude and direction when it 9s" relative velocity of the jt a Out SOS ao ze avon of wares. the moving mth vse neh the Jet would be deflected whe”! absolute velocity of water at ents t0 PEROT i eee eee aa 'y 20 m/s in the direction of the jet. ars C77 - ie ha - aH oe a“FLUID MECHANICS — TE CIV of vanes is 75 m/s. determine vane angles at velocity le) + 22:9 = 68° - 51’, 46.98%] ing with a velocity of 25 m/s strikes a series of ma fsa velocity 10 m/s. Ifthe jet makes an angle of 2. rection of motion of vane, § for no shock, y [Ans.:8 = A jet of water movi The vane moves wit! i of motion of vane and leaves at 120°, to at inlet and ou Angle of vane Work done per N of water. lency [Ans, : 39° - 57'- 36°, 28° - 19" - 10", 27.71 N-m/N, 87%) 18. A jet of water having a velocity of 25 m/s impinges on a curved vane y, moving in the same direction as that of the jet with a velocity of 10 ny makes an angle of 20° with the direction of motion of vane at entry ang vane at an angle of 90° to the direction of motion of vane at out enters and leaves the vane without shock, find the vane angles at inlet ang Also find the work done per second per unit weight of water striking the va (Pu. Cum (Ans. :6 = 32°- 22’, = $1°~ 13'~ 53", 23.945 N-m/N] of water moving with velocity of 20 m/s impinges on a curved vane wt moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. The jet makes an angle of 20° with the de: let and leaves at an angle of 130° to the direction ofr: of motion of vane at of the vane at outlet. Determine : ()_ The angle of curved vane tips so that water enters and leave without Work cone per newton of entering the vane. [Ans. : 6 = 37° - 53'- 19", 0 = 6° - 31'- 48", 20.6 Nm/N) + Eipiann the importence of impulse momentum equation and its 2p! eld of hydraulic machines, (Ans. : Refer Article 71 i aot 2 A 2o om Gamer jt having velocty of 30 m/s sts a fat plate 1 1) Pate eae Bt 3010 the ai of jet. Find the normal force on Pat" onary ©) Pate moves with velocity 10/5 Determine the power and effic U “lency of tion ‘Ana, : Refer Example 7.21) cy of jet when plate is stati contest CML 1 erie the Work AONE A ecw, 3 tip, when moving ns. Refer Article 75,3) (ar Derive the expression f moving in the direction of jet of water of diameter 75 cm strikes ae 20 m/s. The curved plate is moving witha vine jets deflected through an angle of 165 ) Force exerted on the he direction of er Power of the jet Efficiency of the j [ans. : Refer Example 7.22) A jet of water of diameter 10 cm strkes mm/s. The plate is moving with a velocity ot from the jet. Find: The force exerted by the jet on tne date Work done by the jet on the plate per secone The power of the jet in kW Efficiency of the jet. (Ans. : Refer Example 7.18] one 0y 18° 2 Derive the expression for work done Pe” ‘Moving in the direction of the jet (Ans. : Refer Article 7.3.3] 7) om efhcoency ceveroned Oy # 2, workgore. fed 07 Derive the equation for foret Of water on a series of fat ates Ana, : Refer Article 732) thleDisadvantages of Hydraulic Ram : + Loto! 7 "thas ip oan fw rng ofhead speed and hence | st | easy tata hh speed and can ht stb hgh gos {Perey coupes he pnemove [Mean be used veo vate | PsA Maes, chica vie | 18798 offs) Put ow mana | i = Ory parade chek High maintenance cost. Fea SL rr, No external power is required to run the pump. jo exterFLUID MECHANICS ~ I (TE CL) SENTRA, a Now, discharge of the pump Q = KADY, = Lxnx 005% 03x 3556 = 01676 mi/s «+ [Discharge of the pump = 167.6 Lp.s. g Example 8.2 : The impeller of a centrifugal pump runs at 1440 rpm, and ho on beck at 30 The ada vlc of fow constant at 3m. the manometric efi ‘and the manometric head is 25 m, determine oom the vane angle at inlet (the diameters of the impeller at inlet and exit ‘Assume the rato of outlet diameter of runner to inlet diameter as 2. Draw the triangles, Solution : .u.1y — 4, —_ —— -—.—4 Get tangle (b) Outlet triangle fig 836 We have, Timano = A me, n Va genx 25 oF Ve Vos % = 30656 Further, from outlet triangle, oo chal are rerrr’'""=ee —it#*s substituting Ave Of Yom seston gyn ua %-52)-y © angs5 solving, we get, Tors = 16466" or 16*- 27°— 57" Direction and speed of water asit eaves the meee: © Torque exerted by the impeller on wot © Shapt power required. ‘ssume mechanical efciency = 95% "8° — SaarFLUID MECHANICS — (IE CIM) Solution: ig. 837 20 The discharge Q = Gy = 033 mis The tangential velocity, at outlet _ HON _ 2x 025% 1200 n= "60° 60 Me is7i mA Q 033 Veloci a 5 eocity of flow at outlets, = 25 = Gos cogs = B40 m/s Vi, = 840 m/s Now from outlet Vo, = Vi=Vy cot = 1571-840 cot 55° = 983 m/s (i) Absolute velocity at the outlet tip 7 Va = \VWVq, +My = V@83)" + (Baye = 12.93 m/s T= y9x(! a) 2 7'8) MVe20 tows aint = Bide033 981 (983*0125) = 405.49 Nm “Torque = 405.49 N-m] Shaft power required Impeller power, Now Shaft power = 53637 watt or [Shaft power required = 53.697 kW 1 [Shaft powerrequred= S87) in eam Example 8.4 : The static lift of a centrifugal pup is 40 m. Wate level he sump telow the axis of the pump. The diameter of suction and delivery Pes ‘fenergy head in these pipes are respectively 12. oF ler is 400 mm and width at outlet is 25 ™™ a 30° the tangent. 5% are of flow s Hecke “te pump is 82%. Ifthe pump rns at 12001em. dE Discharge through the pure (0 Pressure head on suction side of 4"? Pressure head on delivery side P47 15 150m and the losses= 2.0295 ge Bgic* 18m FF Frog: 167) = "yoay © 14m Fig. 8.38 : Outlet triangle {iy_ Let ps be the pressure on suction se We have, . RO,N _ xx04 1200 Bs vi = SAN een, Fe het hgest = 60 0 aes y Bethy +35 £46124 018 534m (vacuum) ‘The manometric head [Pressure head on the suction side = 534m Vacuum] Hm = Static lft + friction head loss in suction pipe Gi) Let pabe the pressure on delves, ion head loss in delivery pipe : + in deli Ps ¥ Velocity head in delivery pipe BE agen essen cout eat Va or Hos = (hs tha) +h + hs + 3g Pressure head on the delve side = 4414) Example 8.5 : Show that, pressure ris in the impel of a centrfugal pump hoving radi = 40+12+8 tntryisgiven by the expression or Hn = 432m Hm 7 >, 1989) Now, Timano = vy Fovided the frictional and other loses in teimpeler arenes ws her ot ° Solution : Let p and p, be the pressure intenstes at inlet and outlet of te ime en Ve, = Om _ 981x492 the pump, Mt © Amano “va ~ 0.82 25.13 ‘Applying Bernoulli's equation t0 Voy = 2342 m/s furbe, Ym eye ae “ tang or Vig = (-Vyy) tang = (2513 23.42)-tan 309 Bur wee] J che |878FLUID MECHANICS ~1 (1 CML) STG, ecranics Wr ¥ ve Ma 2.“ : Velocity of watering pressure rise in the impeller = 35 * gq 2g solution "the pipe ——erarucas sures Since the entry is radial, V = Ve. Gee any inlet triangle of centrifugal Pump) Ve eel 7 ; Fou] vio Vu Vi a eM, wy Mw re aay , toss of head due to ction in pipe Now, from outlet triangle, hy = Ou tha =f ¥ stexato 2267 Vor = vin Wa tO . are ‘ ick |“ and Vi = Vi, + Win = [i + 4 Vg cot o] 7 \ : en Vi = Vi + i - 2 Vy cot + Vi, corte C Vi = Vi (2+ cote) + v5 -2nVs, cote \eloety head in the delivery pipe 2, , vi on Vi = Vi, cosect + vi-2n Vy, cote n aa Bate Substituting values of Vw, and Vj; in the expression for pressure rise (), we get 2 br p Me MMA cote) Vi, cosecto + vi-2uVs cote yy = 2g* 9 - 2g 2 2 Mi a AVy cote Vy cosecto 2 = 29 * 2g 7 2g ~ Wg 2g * Ma ; : H = (hyehd + hatha 35+ ein suction ine 2 2M, a _ Ma cosect = 20+ 1041 +026 +033=31m coma cS = sin] oseci¢] Now hydraulic power = 1 Q:H = 9810 004x31 Press ~2Te. at = 12i6édwats ture rte in the impeller = 2 [vj « vi- Vi, cosec?¢] Hydraulic power = 12364 ee “Power required to drive the pump Hysol Example 8.6 : A centrifugal pump is delivering 0.04 mi/s to a height of 20 t™4 or y _ IGAA «part wats mae 150 mm diameter 10 mand friction is dosfens, pas et me If the inlet losses in suction pipe on (it pump as 70%. find the power required. Assume overall ef pus 9 E _ — oe Ch. 8] 880 an . Bo =r eee a—— SENTRY FLUID MECHANICS = Ih TE CI) centrifugal pump running gp Example 8.7 : Show that manometric head ofa giving discharge Q may be written os Hmano = AN?+ BNQ + ce where, A,B and C are constants. Solution : We know that the manometric head a mg ~ 29 converted into pressure head. ngle, —Frample 8.8 : A four stage centfugal pans n 8.8 : A four stage centrifugal pump bos four ence) ony provided nothing of V; But we have from out! Vay = (-Vq cot) > sere shaft The shaft iS running oto speed 4 cal impel, keyed to the and = Vi +Vin veloped by the multistage pump is 40 m, mee BM. andthe total manomerne head Substituting, vanes of each impeller are having outlet angie of pitas the pump is 02 mi/s. The Jel at outlet is 5 cm and 60cm respective, detemie pee in ameter of each a, = MMaotedy Vay 1 My cot or Solution : (manometric effciency.(P.U. 1996) ms 9 - 29 2 2 2 LM aVycote Vy at AAMycote Vee 29 2g 29 ~ 29 nr) > 2 “uM = 2g 2g At cote) iia? o = Coveney) ; the kn Thi in ene roesonis tei thee is no device provided in pump to conver leaving the impeller. If any device like volute chamber, chamber is used, part of et vi ressure " ofthe kinetic energy 5+ can be converted into pressure he# tat Portion of kinetic energy converted into Ma 8.0m ‘Gy converted into pressure head be K 3g Then, z The manometric head per stage * 4 7" 1 o Hm = Ry Mw let @ “8 2 (a 4 a) k a +K3q The peripheral velocity at outlet"! ——- cn 818 ch.8} 882“FLUID MECHANICS — (TE CIV) SEE Q = ky xB,0.V4, te or 0.2 = 1xnx005x 06x Vf, or the velocity of flow at outlet, [Vi = 2122 m/s Now, we have, : refore, the manometric head per Ya = ‘her Pe Sage of the pumps Hm; 2122 Timano = 7 = 1256 - Gage Vo : . Trsano Wo 1256 - 2122 Hm, = Men W047 1459 x tasns Sees . ae 981 = 2447 m or Mwy = 10.438 m/s Hence the total manometic head developed by vee stages Manometric efficiency Hm = 3x2447 or [Hm = 742m] 1m Power required by pump is given by _ 981x100 fn * 10438 x 1256 Power = 1a = Boose = 0.7482 or 74.82% - [Manometric efficiency = 74.82% Power = 59.21 kW Example 8.10 : Impellers of a 3 stage pump have ther extemal diameter and with os Example 8.9: A three stage centrifugal pump has impeller 425 mm diameter and 20% | 30mm and SOamn, respectively. The pump runs at 1000 cpm. 0 al head of 45 mf wide ot the outlet. The vanes are curved back and the outlet vane angle is 32. The | be one angle ot out v secre ‘manometric efciency i 80% Oe eel of occupy 5% of the outlet area. The manometric efficiency is 87% and overall efficiency 67 | water leaving the vane and it's direction and (i the discharge if 10% of Whot head will the pump generate when running at 850 rpm. discharging 3800 t/n@’ | tcked by vane thickness. Draw velocity triangles What is the input power required by the pump ? U3 I solution : Solution: We have, : vy BON _ x 0.425 x 850 BOF BO fT or My = 18915 ms i Further, Lo surther = KiB, D,vy [ where, Qs oan ed =n “ 4 0.0633 = 95x ®* 0.02 x 0.425 x Vi : Inlet triangle 30 ene Ch.8 | 8.84 a eee eeesup tne -t0b08 i “The manometric head pe stage of PUMP ‘The tangential velocity at the exit of UP HD.N | 3x035x1000 wo @ Now we have ate ne = Vag gn 9aix1s or ox * Gonmew 7183308 or We, = 1otm Further we ave, fom out ange M% Vn * arg o Vi # (4-Vq)- tam = 833-1004) -tan35* co Vi Sb Therefore the veloty of ater leaving the vane, fom outlet angles vs 2 Who, = VEEFFCOOR «160 ‘Velo of water leaving the vane._V, = 116 m/s % Fate, ang o Mi, 88 (nB = Gh = igog = 0577 Discharge, oe 7 @ = KxB,0,%, = 09 xn 005 x035%58 = 02 yeas 8 cy A centitgat nal diameter of the impeler on <°t Mate acing | tite Serpe ro et spat Ht 8 me ee a i Fed be inom saan: Mimum Sas edt ery, @u2013) Pump sone by equation 821) © N 8S * aa Bi-oF Visi 357-9923 pm Minimum satin speed fhe up ee Exomple 8.12 : A centage pump with exenal dane fob aoron ‘210!mm delivers S00 bsefwaterspantoneneysene 2 Op pedo te pa 8 SD re oe tre ec ae of 30"to the wheel angen at cute The vet of fom onern Shep rade serine cesta ey Power required (a) fciency and (Minin starting speed Solution : Refer to Fig, 835 (PU. 2001; Now. 16,069 Veto « EM, xt Nor tom ove re Mare wien 5 1985-2cot 30" «1885-2466 Power requires Va PQ sages = 981x059 * p = s4sa2kW)svoaacunes neta) a “The manometric head per stage of UP s tg = Setsm sage ae ED,N _ 1x035% 1000 4 Bee Now we hve Stn swe * eo atin | 98x15 7 Mi Vy Mmano ~ 183308 ° Va = Om Further, we have, rom outlet tangle, Ys Me Ve. = pes bal Vi, = = Vwy) tan = (1833-1009 tan 35" 7 Vi = Sams "Tt tty teeing teva om out ange WGA, «VERTED «16m % (Wetec of water leaving the vane_V, = 16 mia ate np ath se = Gh eos Kon, 0,Vq ee 19 x xx 0.05 x 0.35 x 58 = 028! ata | oe acme ynacs TEC ameter fe iroeteroe se M pn race NS te wae wae won aor (PL. 2013) ona) PRES 2, Ceo 045) 257 = 95923 rom Minimum starting speed ofthe pump ~ trample 8.12 : A certge pure wth enema denen fab oo 200 mm delivers 500 ps of water agcinsta agate The speed ofthe pump is 600 rpm. The vane fing a ane och Je of 30" to the whee! tangent rete The vel af foe cn Fe eee oeemin iy fom content 2 me fhe ey (@ Power required (@ ffeiency and (GW Minion starting speed Solutio (200; Now 36, 86) Weave, vy = SR, maageste Now rom outlet triangle Ving # ve -W4ect 1885 -2cot T= 1885-3464 o [a= Ban (0 Power required0 ENGEL: Luo mecrovacs ncn) can, | omens (i) etceney : §] Psion 509 ag, gu _98tnis_ vibe the some guar Nimano = Yq, vy 7 153865 1885 pout Given by Wey + 0507 oF 07% \ Raa «2 a {id Mim stating speed, Fr minimum speed, ‘Te tanget veces oxen i wy = DN 2x05 1609 oe B70ms ROB xeoy be 0 * 785ms we Now, fom ouvet ange 7 Vw, = Mi ~My cote = 1570-25 ev? = 204m MMe 80-251 be = 1962%15 CEE] BO (0 Manometicefceny But, y- a oH oo Timano = Tao, or = 60658 Giewee = 735) 7 wy = Sasso 6 Vane angle aint o eeean Mle, N = s7939¢0: tang =. 2s osus reer rt ee Pampte£18 A ces sane aches 00 ps of wan agi WS] i The pump runs at 600 rpm. The outer and inner clameters of the impel ae 5. e cr respectively and the vanes are setback at 45 othe tangent ont tte © lose inet ‘enor 008m fenitecutetcacne aT He Vonaecae = sx02 +02 () Manometi ficiency ofthe pump, Theda lel the @ Vane ange at inet and iw See ce erg Aid L085 of head ot itt to the impete js yawn ota eee eo! impeller ifthe discharge is reduced bY = 008 = rath eracs mre cry Loss due to change in discharge, ner. 82001 (v= Wycot or “8 85-15 xcot A766)P - 1962 (0503 m 10 reduction in decharge = Toss of ead 3 ml empl 8.14: Dig tt en ets ruining en wera 1 Vacuum gauge reading on scion se ~ 295 mmofmecay 2. Presure gouge reading on delve ie ~ 18motwater 3 Distance Beveen the gauges delve above suction) — 05m 4 Power required by pump = ow 5 Duchargeofpump ~ 0195 & Diameter ef ston pice ~ 200m 7 Diameter of celvey pie = 35cm Fate marae san onl efi of eu, bake Solution Wee, = he Se Pressure hed on suction side (23s, hse 7 + -(px28) = -4om WSL ® 2 he 2 B oh Jad o-aysasa¢ Lr=-*0n} ae Presue head on delve oe * = 180m Velocity in suction pe x02 AOE, «203m pusouMis HITEC oatyin delivery pipe Ys Bernoulli's equation to suchen seh 8 yg = 4 ORF + korg 21% Be ay ey t Dg tHe = 26 04) 0408+ Hy «05s 28 caste = Pott doped sump Tut per Qin inputpowe saxon cz29e 70 or 38 Manometric efficiency, = 068 meme oem wef Example 8.15: Two geometrcaly similar pumps or ran ot the sen of 0 ‘8m. One pump has an impeller cimeterof 025 and its wee fe ae 20 St head of 15 m Demi ed pa doe fae 2 ru. 208) pune? i = oocem pe?FLUID MECHANICS — (rE cry 1000 x: [oo2 _ aye Hp = jad of the second pump = 9.45 m| [ab] ~ [ab ce SE, ey 1000 x-J0.01 HP 9.45 m (ii) Now, oz _ _0.01 1000 x (0.25) ~ 3900 x b Dz = 0.198m or 19.8¢cm Diameter of the second pump = 19.8 cm| Example 8.16 : A centrifugal pump supplies water to an head of 38.5 m. Hower: was required to supply water against head of 35 m. Find the necessary reduction ining, diameter if itis required to reduce the original diameter of 500 mm without reducing thee of impeller. (PU. 200) Solution : Refer article 8.17. H We have, = ies] 35° 7 N3 x (0) But Ni = Nz 35 Jeg * (0.57 0.477m or 477mm Reduction in diameter = 23 mm —2__[Reductionindiameter = 23mm) 4 Example 8.17 : The diameter of a centrifugal pump which is discharging 003 Le water against @ head of 20 m is 0.4 m. The pump is running at 1500 rpm. Find te discharge and ratio of power of geometrically similar pump of diameter 0.25 ™ wal running at 3000 rpm. What will be specific speed for the second pump ? ee Solution: We have, Head 5 DN “LON by —\20_| vin fa] . [H5| Head of second pump = 31.25m Sa - Ch. 8 | 892 yechaNtes =I. CM) Ui, - [9 —_ 0.03 [ees] (0.25) 20003 =u. Power ratio = 131 = Ny No, = Na = pe = Specific speed : Ns = 2747, nee 8.18 : Determine the least number of stages for a multistage pump for following 1. Discharge = 60lps 2 Head = 15m 3. Speed = 1440rpm. The specific speed ‘per stage should not exceed 20 sn Teer the minum ead” Solution : specific speed per stage is liited 10% "atis given by, Ns oi wt 2 Heag H = 459m Per stage, Mm" eeends le wa en mae he um he de Example 8.19 : A double acting reiprocating pump running ot 30 rpm. j ne pich the PUMP should ea” Pero very 7S mf wete per minute Te pun has a stoke of 40m anddameterg yey. |e Pett eo AO ey \ The delivery and suction heads are 22 m and 5 m respectively. Find the slip of rye” 2 solution ry Pui \ the power required to drive the pump. ‘ear, ‘ Solution : Slip: For double acting pump Ly, 2AIN a =o 2 Fx (02)2x (04) x30 a = 0.01257 mi/s | Hoag = Hy == Actual discharge of the pump isa eae J q = 2 FA: Scone "60 Suction side : AS can be seen fom Fg Bato ac fon Side the mamum speed = 00125 m/s panes wher Heep = Ha-by~ has Actual discharge, Qs = 0.0125 m’/s or has = Oya) =hy but Ha-Ha = 78m Slip of the pump = Q-Qa o has = 78-35 = 001257 - 00125 o Tas = 43] = 0.00007 m/s Now Slip of the pump = 0.00007 m/s Power: Power required to drive the pump * = 1QH =7Q (hs + hg) or = 981 x 001257 x (22 + 5) = 3329 kW o Ne = 38855 cuales