BASIC ELECTRONICS enna [ Mooute - 4. Exeerromc Cigeuits: Powder Svperies: Block Mogae 1 Rectifiens , Reservetr, and Seapothang Crrontts, Fult- Wowe reifiers, Bi-phase en civeutts , Voltage x lator oudpuck yesistomcee ind “Vo © requlbion Vo e roonbip icon Aowuereas! Types of Ippo opin input ard Output vevisbonnce; Freqpumece verponse ; Bamduwidth, | Phare Shalt » Negative feedback, Mulkk- Stage amplifies OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Operadional Arnplifien poromneay Chavackeikics, Confiqrerationss, Operational amplifion OsciutAtoRS: Posttive fodback , Condition -for Oscillation, Ladder 1 i Osellatos, ween bridge OSsctllator, Maubtivibrator , % - € atalbte oscillator, Crystal Contovtled mat Ra PowteR SUPPLIES | om . Most of the vlechonie chrontte re a Aource of well x ed Ac ot voltages of typicalty | berocen 5V ond BoV. In Avme case, thy 4 Can be derived amar 4rom batlertes (eq: ev.av | and tov) | | The bavic dock dtrgram of a dc power ‘ ¢ below Supply ts Shown fy Syare . | rt en components of Power supply conside | oh Step-aevon -bromafermen » Rectifier, Reurmota, awd | a voltage reawlecios TEJASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE 4 SVIT, Bengaluru/ Hq. Block dioarronne oh ae |_ [Step don 4 ; fecal i, Reisen y Ciel saekornen AAAS near ; replae—> Hagroalag yet Caymastal aed hp Sime Bre impul mains an ot a retabs igh Vollag, % Mp clover. Kronnnfpuwen of, appropria, turns relic 22€LN14/24 * TER SER Le et Maen chy geld gt Mayes 44: Block diagno as a dc power amprly The above ees: componarts Cam be Wad in Ake religation of tu lsteds | Biogas. | TEIASHREES Asst. Prof., Department of ECE & ‘SUIT, Bengalurua BASIC ELECTRONICS 2aeLNia/24 —= The iron - cored Slep- down tromakprmen feels a TULA o tang vo them oppliud to a reo tapasiter . “thie capasiber Akers 6 | a peel es N dhaage amd a Soeing cooler Tho Capacitor olin ilps Bo Anneth out bat voltone Pury produted bao rkefior. /& +O abil prow provides o Lowa boty Veta - Z RECTIFIERS: a Gewwalondueror diodes aw ured te Lenved ode sunk oe duet Soummb (dec) ane ae . m & Ved oom ah me ive a Aivde ond, ak spake on vbr ‘porikiue ov age cycles of Sees ahov ov RL Solty 6a: A Single holt woawe baker eubput Modus (oro to dtov) A» applied Ao Hat primary eh ow sap tinon rowan (1H): ) Tha, Stesndary Unt rower (1) Atopy devon ayo Vrms Le la U ie TEIJASHREE.S Asst. Prof, Department of ECE a SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS 21EUN24/24 4) Boring posing of Su impud, Mu diode oe eT ee UN Voge MESS Je eel a4 hoon go Pals od Weds te att Se a vd, de diode < fg eet a ee al tse Uyeverat Iplaaid amd acts os timer ADL in on few of Unie: torind | x| The Ausitdninng oxtiven Dy reawbh im 0 pulroding a damaged over ae nl | Yeaintes eS | . Woot Ste DLLs nda ain oe sos vetting erutpud oe trombone’ Mahony ‘Abi wil) be ges Ag: Von The Perk voltage plied dy D, will Beara Se approxiing ty ie tet ie tal ya ws dad oy | ory f,. : eItV —OcWele. 0-4V- fomvand Peaks ourplitnde = |4V -0-1V 16-3V rn TEIASHREES Asst. Prof., Department of ECE SUIT, Bengaluru | l ail«& BASIC ELECTRONICS 2LELNI4/24 Problun > A sapima tromotonmin HA a dune odie of 44:1 Ae Aownchid ky a 220V Tm mans Mnupply . Me seoadaony eukput m applied fo a had - wows welicfien, es i Mae peak votlnae dod sill appean acawis Tem NE aT, Bee by Yr ON» Ve= Vpx Xs - 220%, Np 44 Vez 5V) a ee peas upline daveloped often vedi seation will pg = aig x5V =q.o4y Lrrusoieng Bod Ure diode dra Mliven due with o Jounsord dvep 0-6V, br acho peak voltaae ret teat ae al be: U,= F0FV -obv U=eutv - : Reservoir AND amareaca CIRCUITS = “BIE E iy tig: A Braple saab wave rediiyin Caenit voith TEJASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE SUIT, Bengaluru*« BASIC ELECTRONICS 211N14/24 | THe Ragan obove Mews a Ample hal, —wowe vedition vatuit bith rexomoix audar: The Copariter Cc, hor been odded to wmwou that | de moe de ae eee he 6 me ES Drs aa pat Blas peo, Sng. oe Got op Meonboig will the fuk Volab tern acres, iL Hemee Cy Jo W6.3V of the peak 4 Ma poribue Si tom aay tpt ores R will be Mu same o Lad 7 | | dina x requires! tor 0; to do Une Tain | Cpeak) Lunel vo At atentined by the ang, incrnrt [tov Constant The tw ied Sox C\to din fo) ditemined the Capa cikomce Vv Ch: Une ‘ad 1ruulonce R, | Hone Cy wo veered to on A YEH voir Capacitor . Tt aor change onic Use postive all Ole oy ee i danivnrg “dhe aes “aatea — fA uf \ ae Volkage criss ¢ + il * | L TEIASHREES Asst. Prof, Department of ECE SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS 2aELNI4/24 At Bar vipple Lo 1 Ly exwbitn a Woh v | dn tute et Cy arlibity a ne ve | ok Copocibime reackance . The LOwbinad phe me Laat om allomuator which orreaddey rede, Dae onpiitinde he ripple wile having a weavigilol. pret Om dite voltage. Problem. dad ThE LC broth ihe am a TD He owns oper hall -wowe moe tent Lowa Ly = 10H fd loca ‘UY tv of vipple Appears at inpud Hs citont , dobermins the owount 0} aipple oppensiing ok bun output. Golo: $= sot Cth) \ * & *« | _Smfe — atKsvxto00x6® | x = BABS XL = anfe =anx soo X= 3\40- TE omout of vi le ok the dubput ot the UIOtt WAL be opproxion | Vee Me 2 _ 318 Xe, Zl404 3-18 | | V2 pool | FULt wave. RECTIFIERS : x) The “wort rebiien rinaril an rola unelfrrient | | cman” Soko gla ory ‘deat tA ea a MAH vector owompmnt would Make oar of Si s TEIASHREES Asst. Prof., Department of ECE SUIT, Bengalurueasiceuecmones entaree | ovilwwe ond aking ~ cyan. Tha ful- wave toto. Growl nO re Lmpeoveranad even Ur hal - waue xowalerparbs * thor ow two bac fouw of -fubl- wave reckifien a) the bi- phase ruckifcer 2) The Bridge weckitien Bi- PHASE RECTIFIER CIRCUITS: mh D+ ot a. | le Vgg2!2V RL 44: Gi prank achiLunr ciatanit. + OT fae above snes o “uaple bi- phoar decker vn /) Med be Lhe primary ef x Mow vot (240V) wo appli prio Sop anon sesuant C1) which ox Aw idertical rendau vans | eo previdi VV ed x Be poribwe heh cycler, poral A uxthl be porttive | with Tuput de pod & Sindy pows Bo usilt br | Portier with sUpet to poimt ¢ ae otal x! In Dw peiteon p, will atlew rn uckon tae D2 wil not obbew Condweleon , Thos D, alone Lon | on pore hot} cys | TE/ASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE SVIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS 2AELNI4/24 [on neqatine half cysts, poiwk C wil be porbow wrt *) Om pe p w 8. skal, pit B wit be porte wrk pew A qn thw eondibien, Dd, wil allow condurion tole D, will mot alles conduachion. th D, alow. conduths on mugadunt athe le + A The igor Mews DAL i-phase Rarkibion sivack ith diodw Noead Awitedlios. 4X4 (a) zhows Di vil we toy iO figs) rows mg OD a pore = ayche 1 tad om f wget tel _| Bi-phase reckibien with reuiuein Capacitor T, Di + | " Da 44 akeove Wheves how a TRVIVEV. Capaciteo C, Caw be added ko ou Hod Be outpub yoltoge vena ot, [waar ) Was peak olka wun wh he di Let tonduchings _ SUIT, Bengolury TEASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE 6* BASIC ELECTRONICS 22ELN14/24 thin Aika tan AWAY rvistouee ines BAL Winding reriataner beget bith tn fosward rennaced ef ta ldiode comel webstart ating ond Covmeck oy - Heme Cr ¢ wv i as worn os Ler D oF D2 wee Se conde my maitly | The dime Teapuived for cr te discharge rode Great omd dishes bie ctonbraatl io det ined bus Capactomen Vala omd Bur Load veaistower RL- | S In Prockicr ; aL we nuh Langer tham de vuostomce | of WAL nine Omd Waren Cy takos om cppreciabls | | far be dia “ | | Rurimg Hore A Di amd Dy wilh be rwwme bared ond | held wm a yon- ma Atak. AS ao Conaequrmce , the only cinchorge path C\ io dhrowngh RL: | T, Scondosy anal / HV | Vollage | / \ [ \ ; t-\ \ Tames RU DMF re hot (7) Lintn| At /\ 416-34 usthout | /\/\i/ \/\'/ \/ \,/ \/ sek VV VV VV 1 ; ' { . ul Lp : : a ran an i var Vite 1, pruert y Moy yo ty §4: Wavefoarns tyr the Ei-phose rech ier. TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE SUIT, BengaluruA ae A BASIC ELECTRONICS 2aEUN4/24 Bridge Rechibien cianuits + | don altewcint Jo Ua wat the i-phaae init | bot wim a fpwr— diode bri Y ae. Am urrich Twas 0 avoids the ned to have two separste 4 Full woe bai rutin wrest. A bud wone bridge nection ar va Aba Moin (d4ov) pied) do Uae prin a Dap down, Kracctamon en my the Sumdosy windi vides J2V amt amok has wns ratio @ nid - . On posibue He pow A will be poritwe with rept ke pod 8. a thy Condibiou D avd B will alleve tonduction whil: Dz and Dy will mor allow Conduction] TEJASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE a SVIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS. 21ELN14/24 Con om Meaaline - Cys , ppt @ will be piece tact, pect hots A. Gn thie Cnditim , Dy od D, wilt ollow Conduction while D, od D2 will nol allow conduckion. tg (0) Di BOs Conducting 440 Ds & Dy Conducts Ps GD, Non. Condusclsiag De De Now Gorduching Trae Be toad an te Aawe divechion m Bridge reckigion with yeserveia Cxpacitor, : fie oN a aloe Mracwi low a reoewe Capor Ce) chad bee. added to mecwvdarn bs outpat vollegt SUIT, Bengaluru TEIASHREES Asst. Prof,, Department of ECE ga!BASIC ELECTRONICS, X We Lowponud opucdes aw trac We soveno way a Wt bi-phore onal, ie id Choages do Approximately [6.3V ad Ihe peak the Povilive holy - ~uycle and ideas the Vo. P ib © oF thw level urban dthe Aibdes wn im tis nom- Auching Alotes 5 ery | anv Voltage i >t ov t “Ww Volase across / / se3v Rud a [ \ ov Voltage acess i Ripple Prerevd oy Wouthoums dps Ht brides alifin Vortage REGULATORS Rs ——Wn_, ot Unrrtgdadad ke cased be yp Veoling Cra MA rinaple v ee ie haan 4 quae above Ry is nebded Linck De Zor Comet to a Anke Vals wham Hrs hood rv diisconnietd. whim a Loaal (8) a lerted , He Zany Cunent (1, will fall 8 Cumed % dived into thu Lood yuutomee Calteus ninimon turmt to Sm inn orden Ly emu Bhar He diode v | De” oubpud V Lo Ange Cu) wil? qemoin of Ho Zerg voltage TEIASHREES Asst. Prof., Department of ECE a SVIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS 216LN14/24 bt oe Pemt at whidy the Bovt ane iy 8 Ge mod 2, produces a lower eubp oe a ae ene oh Rs junk bey aa At the woh, Has Jt \ to La 7 “i eS RL + Rs WL Viv ia Hat Un sp Be noni value Ry tom be ulortoled brows + By toasey = Re x | Vow “1 sO Vn The ppwur diwipadad don Hao Zonet diode wilh be sa EST] nae “hp Sein Yeon for Cam be dskovmninea foam dha Off - load Condition use? Recminy = View - Ve Ve. Vive Vie 5 (Vie Vz) be te Po en (a Pr mex The , Rs tmn) = ViVi - Ve Cmax Tae gonin dink hes a marian yobs power dinipetiin of Sov: Bae diode ia te he uid in o damp 5V a wank be Aropply a vegulabed Ting a area doo: olekeuint a SUIT, Bengaluru TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE[ Anita ble Valu of Seve peoutor tes operation _ Rie ae with a rpply of av. | Soha” Given | Vz = 5V Vin = 4Y Re > 4002, Pe mace SOOMW) = 0-5W Rs nox = Re ® (Se 1 (Sei) = 400 * (4-1) Reide? 320 SL Ry nmin = Via Vz - Ve Pe max = Caxsy< 5" os Ro min 2402] Hence a “Arlette Value dor Rs woud be 150.2 Cooma erie - wou between dae tuo exbreamts) | | Output RESistANce AND VOLTAGE RecuLeTiont: wa Puper pow. pply 1 ths output Volbage Would renrrain| Cowbowtk ord Lens phe Cumuct Laken doy bar Load. W proctites owen, dar oudput Voltage as tu load wen Jawuoars, Jo amount fer thio 1 we how | ak ALL power upply hos intemal weoisamet Cid iso aewd be zero). Thy whena) seritorce appears TEIASHREES Asst Prof, Deportment of ECE 4 SvIT,Bengatura¥ BASIC ELECTRONICS ‘216LN14/24 ml ot Da oe of Ae Anup play wae Fan | mm cell vee divided tua conmeapording [fe =e) Whit ATs repreatids o Amal change vim oukput Cload’) crment avd AVos cae a Comesponding Small eae ww Oukpud Vol. | Tue “ * power Aupohy 0 a by the Regulation - Change vim sidpk Vobloge 5.7 4 Chamge fa Line inp vous mos dually, Be volo of Mrovid be Vey Small. Simple Auk quer arnt $ 4, Ba dap ne Men ane aloe. acing >, SZ be oH bree, sgl Arocabte Components oa bebwen % and 5%! awd goked Kix 7 aoe wh si ols, Spee oh | Proton hu The img deta war obtaruad obvuing a Comied ort Mm a dec power Au pply - load test Onkput Vi (no-load) = 1oy | output voltage (mains input, 220V) = 12V Output voltae (aA loa cused) = |1-5V TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof, Department of ECE Seendaw! BASIC ELECTRONICS 2LELN1a/24 gas Woot we Aten Lo Pa “by: Voltage doubler Oudpd Voltage (maim inpd, 200) hay Detownine (a) be tel ord pud dembanes. s power wepiny ome (by ae arn ob te S Toe abt noo cam be debormmined from the Roy = Chamge in owlput Volta. = I2-). mi > gem np lage « oy Vout = 0.259 Py foaled (cN be Adumined pom tla replat Repetition ~ aA pudput Vo 100%, Chang, dn Live - ae Capea = BEA 100% wot niee% | “9.20 -200 [Repsabion = = 05% | — MULTIPLIERS Anovd diode amd Copacites we com Sepet of tae abe Wetf woe veclifer | SUIT, Bengalurt& ac 2aEUN14/24 sasicrarcromes ik do He poritioe XY] Tr Maia dorronngematact Cy wi Peak Ateondary votkags wlile CG unl chasye de the $4 A Voltage Loigler do Bue poritrive perk serondarny Vong, to beth Bu pertirwe peok TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS 2aeunaa/2a TYPES OF AMPLIFIER 1 ac Wupld anmplibions: dn ac Coupled omplitio, stages are coupled Logethor se but vn toa ae oo ea natal avd nly War Oc Componids ef a migra Oe fb to skege 4) de Coepled euglifen + wn dc Coupled amplitiou, shagts axe Coupled “togethen | am bus a Rot ane net inclated to dic Potentials Both ac od dic aawel Componerds re Fromaused fprow kage ive nhags 5) Lage Sigual spliiers Laran- mM annplifiow ore denigned to oder Oppreridble vottagt and [ox tum levels ( Bypicatly Atm TV Av tooV KK Me) A) Srmsd- Signet auaplifsens : | Small. omphfov at devi ed to caten for | Low - oe dagwals (Tes tham 1V). Shal- signal annglifiers home Ay Ive Ageiially devgued to Combat Dae cheeks 1 Wei. s) Audio hy gpd onmplibeu: debe Peeguanay cmglifow oped Jn tte bomd af Aga. (eg. dott, do ont) amputedd with audfo €) Wideband omplifins: Wideband amglifio Ort Copable of amglilus ' omg 2 we ha Acorn res pore TOASHREES Asst. Prof, Deportmentof CEH —_ SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS 9) Radio -[veaue ys avg lifer : | © Redan fraqpane mie nH Yo =e 4, omotiakd with radio I | © com ort ta ob sa asglfiow : t) Low- noise zaeun4/24 | Low- nee fae wow du dr bod Hey owenpl moyen duigusd aie Gennes ar Vou small oe levels ad | lw thom tomy) | GAIN = Bre of tla mort smmportant ponamebou am Lifer ast ln pe aaa | x Goim ao rimply Ha vaio oubpuk vetlage to ca * at ceed b iba wuarruct er eudput Peover be npud pewer X) Thine tous vakios tae» Teapedly Waa veld gam, Curreadt gain Ar Power agin Nye ins | tee pao mB kau 8 ten on plttog. thot, SS A, = = Tou XVout = Jord Vod = Ag x | P if doo e x | fe TnxVin din Vin ee ae — TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof,, Department of ECE SUIT, Bengaluru& > BASIC ELECTRONICS 2x€UN14/24 Problem: Orr napecinly dma amd oom , deterwiine Volayt gain ') curmemt goin ©) power gown. * Given Vout = 2V , Vin = SOMMV, Tot = 2d0MA, Tin= 4d a) Av= Vou. 2V = 46 Nin Born b) Ay = Tod . QoomA . 55 Tin Ami D Ay= Gna wad - QoomAxal ods \ Unk, AmA X NV oop = 2000 (or) Ape AV Ai = AX So Aye 2000) | Tupur pup Qurrut Resistance: Uput radsbowts eM robin of dmpud Voltage to ingud Urerundt amd ik io Urprened im ohn. The ruput + an ouaplifion An onohneably pusalyy relative im Har noiddle of, ik doonkinng » farspantes Tonge Opprectable LA. Audk cao we would do input pom voll tam input resistouee Owpd sreaitome do be tablo of opon—cinouit ouput VPage Akert- Cnet cubpub wand amd oA An amplifivt produc am eutput vottage of OV for om in ob anne He imput omd putput cube Pure ee | Te Bows teats, Bat veachowee of Het inpud meaty become TEIASHREES Asst. Prof, Department of ECE 1a ‘SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS nema Lorn amapli tien quubut ond wl Cam *vadphy ua | reaching Comportud AL Unis vo nol tle Cour, we weld emer again mid le tabin do oubpud irnptdarets vothr thon eutpul roulamee 255 with impud Teintawt, bt ouput © Ay DI. Tiuguonty Bispowat : Th firey wuapense Choraclowmbesr tor Varrou tives Geant fediofeayiuey — Pitted 9 4. CSC ae v Fraps b-<-/ - - 7 /, Die Coupled i" “ste too ts 0K WOR ttm Freqprarcers (A) Sy Freqnnesny vurpomae awed Bawdeoidth The fiugyort rtrpewar ef am Lyford vawally aguifd ann Seu of UPC oma Louse cad - off cfrugranesy saa anaes TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof, Department of ECE ' tom 1g SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS 2aeunia/2a x [than froapunctes on Beer at which the ondput ponser has dropped to 50% (othewue known as -3de poink) o whew te Voltaas am has dawpped te 10.77 of ik mid band Value. a * | the Le belew shew how tu bandwidth cam be Cxpremed dm dew eter power os Voltage Voltas gaan Ay ~ pF 107K, fo 1 3\ / \ (Gao Probar: 9) Potvin HL naid-boad | vetlage asin amd Upper ond | Lower cut-offs fvysueies ul ier wslreae. EE, ms 4 beet ai Ab Avmay™35 — do etomese gf Ty - any 8 /t \ / ! fo" / : | \ uy 10 too 1K 10K Took IM fem ' 1 resy Freqpsuey (4) GeSronty . TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE 13 1 4 de Frequn ti Pe Aran | 4400) Buta power plotted ; se eg 4 apt pl a a a Midbamd SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS aueunn4/24 Ads The vetlage qaim wb Bas bore Cub off -froyuntiss Cam be Cadoudaded eb | Dy cat-og = O-101X Ayana = 0-101 X35 Avaat-off = 44 ) Bonnwiot: $ The bamduridth of am onuplifior as wanally taken os | tere Cie &-h9 * crowns ae shane Git mk Be auiicand ie Nay a tevdern haswenit componsrtle Cie signals | atop lt wc wlan fe Bs Feo of the. \“Jondanunbt } x 0 rrodace a IOUKL, RK Le eoteed| owplifier uit 0 vou wide. ide ban Su dd bed Te net fowslel de p Tnproduer sud a wave beeause & ie Wore Campings ok an ar Anes of Pose a SHEL: _ | +] phase ve the plore Myebveen bre tnpud | ond wait wag op dim degat. The | Nastuponk ww wand Lomried out in wt wid-bamd | a Nsat con tek pe te phone Mik vowels | 4) Alo Bae a w dromitter onmplifens Provide Phare angi Pesca! Leo’ pr B60" THASHREES Ast Pro, Department of ECE SUIT, Bengatur eg ; :* ~ ae basic ELECTRONS aenner2s NEGATIVE FEEDBACK + bive M wackial amnplifiew Woe alive ferdback in orden’ to prétiely Conbet ter gain reduc’ distortion amd ipence bomdwsiotth: volue of The gain (om be reduced to a moragrabte 4 back a Stoll Propootion of EUs eritput- qs ommont of udback dadeninas He BOE | Cos closed-loop) Qoan: : cS ana nme et or tre eurnall qoim of Har cient, Uria fom ef bock dn Known 0S raachoe feedback. . du abiemalive fom of atk volun Hat oukyet Jed bce ian Auch a way ay bo ingests (Strengthen) the iaguk Aquel vis tnown on ‘positive padkack” TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE in SUIT, Bengaluru) BASIC ELECTRONICS Now, Vin! = U,,- be — Chpply kv) Ulin = Vin + Pret 2aeunia/24 and oa = Ay ¥ Vin @) { Ay -intermal qos) Hower , ural que wr aun by G+ Mont 2 Ay. Vin Vin Vin! +B Vout : Vin +B CU By) G- Av: Ui a We | Vin! + Bin Ue (re pay) Pry Un {Sab Vout} TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS q lowp voltage gar pat (i-e Boo). Betoun the Jo Ta aa val Of wong. ge wot Be gama by 2aEUN14/24 mie ack applied has am opem— au caption with mae * fedboat opel of ub oulput with magecive feedback opplied. Cura a ella: qo Av-bo, B=ol \+ BAv \40-1X50 a © kf ey: TH, by groblom D , Be aruplitions open - ome isistale ty vo adem fan pigetage ncnsnn bn prealt Ay = Av 4 o-nAy = 50 +0-2x50) Ay = 60. hy 6 pusatl daim Ce fv 60 = bo om 4 Bay Teox60) 7 veliags gain, &yprowed §.4=83 yin / = 86 £33 . abd Grout that produces an oprn Loop gain af (00 Bn 3 8 ity be dea ay the basis am owmplyier rh ON reine yottagt aun Delumire Se cmount © | Rultboa venjaed! * . TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE 16 SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS, 21€LN34/24 MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS : | #) Gn order do poouide aufdicit boat Values ain, it | |e 4 Tee is wel eso aon ete voit om annpl fOr: +) The rua om amplifier with Awol | Cit, egy me Meee Bar product of the | Indivsdud 4 ‘ | | A Hower, Bownduidth Retains amplifer wilt be Lew | Ham tr bowduuidth of tach indsvidircl Ty otharusds, om jaderuset ou gaim rreauld om Am duertoss | a» bomdusidth. ¥} fe com Loe Coupled bebwoon Baa individual stages of a rast shag onoplifion by using diffeumt nesthods ay) RO Coupling math. ty Sul R dye zi ee rp ¢ Vin R Sege “ef Uoud | ° J coh R-C Coupling betwen Hoge TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof,, Department of ECE SVIT, Bengaluruw BASIC ELECTRONICS 2AEUN14/24 owd rerio. LC Coupling Metived ° veil Suery c L3H © Teed +3 Fist : feco " L. | (Se ry tt Vout I pl pique nos ye oy deg = ory uakd sw RE owd peste amp fitrs: Tetpoinatn, Coupling Mashed. Supply . 4 can Dideer- Coughing Mathod | Supt e es A cond . a Ui rat 7 Vout $4" Typical diaweh — Couplinng between tages TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof, Department of ECE ig SUIT, Bengaluru* S k ae BASIC ELECTRONICS on tee 'h Vou Av(ou) = Mesr opel ah “Sign wdicols Zoe wee whale’! “eo indices tgo prore obit . Sinee go phase aha produces on Amurksd womeloum, tu '—? ingul 0 often arpowed do NAAR knew ay He ren-i Vour & Uns = tbat amd Jinpus voltoy ir: ns te = c ol jo @ Lu Baia Paes Ulasta a at ™ V(OL) ~ 21eLN14/24 OpeRationaL AmpLipiers: ON Dpratronal Ithouw aw onl i ircentl dara jo ido ss Gadioe “ak Sion ida Cheveetioshen apply Non —Tnweabsng 1+ > Bata | imp ve " Cirmilawly the '4 danput 4 es bpom - Loop vallane qoin Uno 3 Voor ® “te | anuplition Wowe open-loop vollogs ab ‘SUIT, Bengaluru TEJASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECEBASIC ELECTRONICS [ ba sat &| eee eae Aan meorused with a A eae Vo Avec = cy ava © Voor 8 Vay — tulkpat ond impub v | Pheblunn: dee ppowdionsl avg lifes operating x dav Si Vor = ok = Sle Avew = 5000 @) Input Rewiatomee : | The imput “npud Tabskonnen an oprational amplitin +o defumed an bbe 4 ue +o urd | Qepremed “Tee ai “hes my mee Ri - pobiays Gaim om operakional onmplitn ho Y sand bil of 4 f De inp | DO Ww owed ogain the vabio do ut bat with odie eats ric my "4 whine, Agen ~ Spar laep voltagr gonn Produ jem nl vatbng Gy tla Pope eat Vw aooxi® 400 bee to ley (seep) = 90 x3-4 22ELN14/24 propeotien of the out TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof, Department of ECE it SUIT, Bengaluruwhe Rig - input yeaislante in ohm BY Un - input vallogt el ~ input Current - Prsbbein : aaeinna/24 - | | | 4] ds Gpeatiound anuplifies has om input veeistomer of AMD. Beowing Hue Amput wrwr whi an inpud Vella of Smy vn preanud Qoly: Rn > Vow Gian: Qy, -2M0- Tn Vin = omV : Rin Ay = Ro = bach Ry ' n Rin fp = looxloko- , 4 0. ite - ols R= 10K 9- 4 Rin Deoxe1ox10™ Voltpae gn” Ly by ial BM tl oitnad A prot gme ft . id ima fo, 0454 Hy eet of aad Cpa Takin “Cin Rin Cis omnal Cy te modi feel _ orn AA] Op brie ef > QTE Ry eG oprakonuod amplifier Prvbtenw: an inuerbing voto operdte aceon tle | Ick Proiag a civil 2 lik bur above speripaion PO we epee ale ihe Rin > tok “The nominal snmpub resistance Ao Hue Cin = G3xi” => (Gq = Gane | TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE 4 SUIT, Bengaluru2ieini4/24 asic etecrnonics 7 a 4) 2 0-164 3 CF 6189 = OTF Cy 2, 0iy — 1Sxi8x 100x108" = o-l0eytb" [Gye toenF | | choose preferred vaburs Cy a Gane & G =lOopF. | Dperarioner AMELIFER CIRCVITTe VI), Voltage Fotlewer ° Time ,t | Voor ' ' ‘ | \U \ or - Tins, £ sh) 0 x Thi ateeuit jo oonbially a ; | % ‘ ber in ul oo / fire output jo fedback | stn, seo tm ll Go? Oe om oamaplitien Ino om it vertnge jin, Uy bialn inp} The, F volkngt v7 Gps An tee tots Channa iy inpud. Wo Cajuorr home input Lonmatd to a fradn of phos! dana, whe oF The owlpat- i Bengakery TEJASHREES Asst. Prof., Department of ECE ee*« * & « aasic ELECTRONICS / Troregearoes ? A Vin — k Vi Vour Vi ay dn Udugrotor ~~ Unuit providy Ue opporite WD ov dwoum aceo Compa kerors : L hao Item applied tars reat Vo A VAs Bae mrax (am, aim of AV, Hu haa natpad vols eae Aig Kompacalnt i Giner To —mgakine fodback e t T Tine t . er i 2aeuN14/24 i> Se Sina Function tp Hut Ail fronbiodes . Te Oudpuk vethag, som var te He wed 4 ae input YN Pa v + Ls oe fro re eiond oo ier ay vall Huw dine to He cee Qorrbh. yale SUMMING AMPLIFIERS : sts Aihuit products an swbpud that wo input uabkoges « Hower , Sina tho | | % Han Cum Of) Me operational armplifioy | TEJASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE ao SUIT, BengaluruBASIC ELECTRONICS 2aeuna4/24 is pometel in inweding mods, the butpud vollage 13 goon _b tote », bal B, are np veltages Se bh i 4 Stantniug ee fa by ja. fF SVIT, Bengaluru TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECEASIC ELECTRONICS : - ener OSCILLATORS : Positive FEEPBACK : Aw allommline foun of; feedback , whi te ordlpud | do fed back im Auth o wou Ou do reinhowe De inp Xu knew 04 perilous feodbacls Lat? mtd] amgttfion } |, Spot me] ky [° wk (V4 " ik is fee ial 3) mes ce) Sat ea neh Ata, Awglifivr with posihire fedback applied The Dee Shows le dnock Aogpavn a am anngl s woth poribare feudback “applied . Not, LUrot fn np hifie prowds oO phase wir of \80 cud Baa Yadbor network prewids o -porther (80° Thus ey Pre Araby do Othe sural voltage gain ais pun , Sunadl ain G- Voud Vin / by appa, Ki > votlag ¢ Lows Vig = Wins Poa] a, Vin _ Uy — PYout | owed Vout # hy Vin who Ay — intemal qen a4 Ds ansplifon "TEASHREES Asst. Prof, Department ofcE ~~) sa aenoaiorsBASIC ELECTRONICS & * Dal pe Aa Daly 2aeun14/24 Un - Pout Vin'- BIA, *Vin') Ths [G = Av (Bay) thin Loop qaim Bay approaches Unily, the daneminatos C1-BAv) Usill” Jeeome clo to Lew. The will have the het of imcusaing Bo eutrell gan The owroll qa with Porites feedback applied will be feedback _ pets Hon Bae geen withent T ConDITIONS FOR OSCILLATION: eevee eee (The tendilion ter orcillaiion arc: He didback met be poritve (ie, Be marl eae Jonpuk) De eurall Lt qu must be pute than 4| pomerranrn oan wat be Aubkicionh to overcome | | tee Lever omoricted with omy fiagpeimcy A Aer dbork netvsorb). | A nanboy egret (om be ured tp prods \go" Phase | Wey, re of Moa cfoglest bering a Arne Stage CR ladder) network thot we Muth moot wort. | Lover NETWORK OSCILLATOR” A Minaplt lroat - alabt datillady based on 4 three Stage CR Ledde network vo rhvown below, ete | TR oprsds a a Comuonbional common -enitten omg Pex! tags with Rod Ke Providing bose bias poteudial anol fa omd (1 Prowiding emiblen Ha bilipation TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof, Departmer nt of ce V ~ SVIT, Bengaluru+ 4 BASIC ELECTRONICS 2AELNI4/24 Vee | Vour 6 » a ov ={9. Sine wawe OGUator based on three S| CR | ( Laddun network fg “the AotaL phere adult pronidd a c-R ladder honk (covmttad betwen (elluehry ond boat) ar 180 ot ts ¢ | ® osutation 2%. droits peowds Lue other igo phot whip vow ord Lie qealin om Clad phast Abilt of eo" or 0° ¥ pre fo tle opctlccon of the one! va | ‘ AW, | nef’ is 24, thw | the Lew anor tid twit sm Loddon * 4 ve the ow] Lifer walk prowds 0 qo +t dost ¢ . x to pa orert do odcillade Crete Suroumins Bef Dacllation of a treo-s Ladder network “Seatbate a wich whe ond 2 ag Glu Ce tone , K=tokK 2 1 = 10” oNCR = one XVOKI0 kLox 0! Js.286 TEIASHREES Asst. Prof., Department of ECE 2k ‘SUIT, BengaluruEE oOOOO-UlU!lUlU WEIN BRIDAE OSCILLATOR - Aw allumntioue approowh to (revi din thes plows. at aeapuired in Wo wae 4, a wen baidgy. osctlades nthook _ Ch ga “ahs A Xe \ _ > | Ae MK ee ee ty A wein Bridge nchwork, 6 Like Wat CR lodden Lie nerwok poowds o Pron shift which orits with frvapuncy. The tpud Harsh p appied ds A and @ whol (ba odput : hans hase malt producad bt Ot ponkialon 4 » te p iA poo ae ee will Sely Zeov. (input amd Oubpud Signed will be san- plant). . wt Cond Ma nehowk ke am onmuphifion producing 0 prow allt which be» itivat ge hu ows of Hat wiein bridge, oscillation will reault tute The Minin omarion goin regpiived Ay Arstoan oscilla Aye | + Oi 4 Re Cy R, Gn pamsle Wa , CC, dmd R,-Ras emer the amsphificy qo will be fAy=3 the Yreqpooay ok which ke proar att ustll be Zoasc execrRontes nears [ae ua bo Ik Ret ond Qt a TaGee Hum « : 4d nite Tec wohne BRR amd C2 -G Drygblun ¥ Pre below rlows a wow bei Obutbptoy baad em ona anaplifier - Y cys ty eloone. Deon te “dup Pre propend ft, tun anew R=, = 6K 1) wham B= R= IKE Wola K=R,=R ond $. INE > wl CHC yg HAC CX 100K To XI xi0# b) aol 8, R= RD oe ge 1- \ ec re 3 DARE C.2Rxtoor XSI iT, Bengalura TEIASHREE S Asst. Prof,, Department of ECE B eeeBASIC ELECTRONICS x | | x *| + Siuguc- Stage Asrrere OSciuaroe: | Koning foun vf onkabe osc Wale Wat produces 21eun14/24 MULTIVIBRATORS | Fi ; ‘ Thane pccaviens whua wl Tepe o fqj1094 wort ovdput om oadltatos sath thon a sine woud eutput / hia tivibrators OAL fomnily a obiblates crasile thot ProdurL eulpuk wout-foure Cowarsing of OuL pr More lars muh aT ye yioilrote' Mong ly oni ginales Grom ae foot thot Ww beype of, wouthginn dn vie “vin hana (6 Talila Vibrakeons ) Mubkuibrators use mananadive Cie, pontive) feedback. “he principal bypes ct nuulbi vibrators ore ddable ubhivibrabot: Yat pronide a Coninucws train 4 pues (free - rumning rwukkcwibradors) | Lawottabl mubbivibrolin: dad pimdust a ainote subpud palne (hot tut ababte make omd xtperred ty as | fous - thot) Birdable awlhivinators: Wrst hae Awo stable sb aren wre a FAgger Pubasr ov cowbe) pi a ete donation Tel ie Cony Aqpusre wore output Cam Joe Joule ar jue owe operations) awaglifion as Moun below. Baa nee aos ver 1 — 3 Single-sta | Re $a cg ease ——— OV Weng op~ Amps oa sur, TEIASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE* & * asic ELECTRONICS +s Hae non -inusbg impu- Via the potewk of hs tiaawk Um Moke “eg ln 4 with a Hat tom be made ada & with 4 Variable H preck veors lor Tnwubing, inpuk is slightly lew thom Hw Wo TEJASHREE.S Asst. Prof., Department of ECE 2y The Crunk eraploys posilane Sedback wilh He oudput fedbact fume that C is imbatly wm owd the Volo. ad feo. | impulse wp. The ‘vudpub vd Lat will rise rop' ty Vee ond Vo of Hao tnusla input vill begin wn ain expo 5 as Caparitsr ¢ malady opt R 5 ut & Volar Cou © the dp Fog Bs Bet ei le allot piewnna/2a divider formed wom. Sourw. pals be replacing al tke non— wilt Wane reo chad | ‘SVIT, Bengaluru& & asic ELECTRONICS pewua/24 Cryst Controiien OSciLLAToRS: A num hone odtillatoy, ro bot ant eh om ewort 4 ok baad uebion In Audh Caan, a quit, Caystal com be vod os Bae | 4 dakovenining Unend The Quay Crystal | vibrates fi a Potential di dn applied Acer, Ub for. The oadlhation ar detonimad b' Wy Caystal's cared Agha sige d Most Quark, Crptats tom be epecbd to stabilize the b osetUtion oo circuit +o usiftin a fow parts wm a malion red akien in fudomunts fgets os Be nee Ne rently Frow lookt; te ammund domly od wuttewr oprstion from domly Fave Jselous ghews 6 aan lo. tryed Oseilator Creit Ry ee -oV Ay A Gorge Jeet D&allater - TEJASHREE.S Asst. Prof, Department of ECE SUIT, Bengaluru