HTCA 1.

LECCIÓN 10

Carlos Tapia

La complejidad de un individuo más su capacidad de anticipación

respecto del entorno es igual a la certidumbre del entorno más la
capacidad del individuo para cambiar el (o de) entorno.

1. London in the Blitz

2.Ford motor bombing factory (designed by Albert
Kahn), willow run, Michigan, view of the drafting
room, 1942
photography by Hedrich-blessing / © Chicago
history museum.

De la arquitectura para la guerra total a las arquitecturas

de fronteras exteriores, 5 décadas vertiginosas. 1945-2000
 Índice:

De la arquitectura para la guerra a la reconstrucción de las ciudades.

La forma de la hegemonía americana y la soledad de L. Kahn.
Hacia nuevas utopías/Entre el elitismo y populismo: arquitectura alternativa/Tras 1968:
arquitectura para la ciudad (Ver Clase 11).
Del Regionalismo al Internacionalismo Crítico.
Arquitectura más allá de sus fronteras (Ver clases de interpretación arquitectónica)

LECCIÓN 10
De la arquitectura para la guerra total a las arquitecturas
de fronteras exteriores, 5 décadas vertiginosas. 1945-2000
 The Lingotto in Turin, 1928

Giacomo Mattè-Trucco, Fiat Works, Race Track on the Roof, Lingotto, Italy, 1919- 1923
Hamburg. 1937. The German ‘Entartete Kunst’
exhibition, as a derogatory term coined by the ministry
of propaganda of the Nazi regime as the title of a 1937
exhibition of works deemed ‘an insult to German
feeling’. The verdict ‘degenerate’ applied to virtually all
German modernist art, but works by internationally
renowned artists such as Picasso were also seized.
‘Entartete Kunst’, held in Munich and with versions
shown elsewhere in the ‘Reich’, was the most
successful exhibition of modern art at the time, with
more than 3 million visitors attending across the
country.
 Kristallnacht or Crystal Night. Also referred to as
the Night of Broken Glass, or Reichskristallnacht.
Coordinated attacks against Jews in Germany and
Austria. 9–10 November 1938
Jean Prouve; Eugène Beaudouin; Marcel Lods-Suresnes-Ecole de
plein air Permanente-Une classe ouverte 5. 1932-35
Maison du Peuple in 1939, Clichy_Prouvé
Jean Prouvé’s International Exhibition Halls, Lille
Colonia_Meudon_1949_prouvé
Patrick Abercrombie+J.H. Forshaw's 'Social and Functional Analysis' map of 1943 showed the capital as a series of
communities and potential open space.
The MARS Group. Plan for London. 1942. Architectural Group (1933-1957)
Der "Kollektivplan" von Hans Scharoun aus dem Jahre 1946
Le Corbusier. Reconstruction Project. Saint-Dié. France. 1944
Le Corbusier. Reconstruction Model. Saint-Dié. France. 1944
Newton Aycliffe Town Centre. James Stirling PhD Thesis 1950
August Perret. 1944-45. Reconstructed city center. Le Havre, France.
Philip Johnson, Glass House, New Canaan, Connecticut, 1947
 49
Philip Johnson, Glass House, New Canaan, Connecticut,
1949
 Sign Posted Outside Philip Johnson’s Glass House, New
Canaan, Connecticut, 1949

Philip Johnson, Scheme XIII of the Glass House, New

Canaan, Connecticut, 1947
Frei Otto, Sketch for the roofing of a wide mountain valley
with cable netting, 1953
 Alison and Peter Smithson,
Golden Lane Housing (Project),
Smithsons Doorn. 1960 1952
 P.&A.Smithson. Urban Re-Identification Grid, 1953

Alison and Peter Smithson, Golden Lane, Floorplan, 1952

 Alison and Peter Smithson, The Golden Lane housing
Cluster city- Smithsons. Golden house competition system, applied to central coventry, plan, 1952
Alison and Peter Smithson, Garden Building, St Hilda’s
College, Oxford, England 1967
St James's Floors 16 53mAlison & Peter Smithson1964.
Office & residential
James Stirling, Leicester University Faculty of Engineering,
Leicester, England, 1959
James Stirling, Dorman Long Steel Headquarters,
Middlesbrough, England, 1965
Myron Goldsmith SOM, Steel Exhibition for the 1964
World’s Fair (Project), New York, New York, 1960
Charles W. Moore, Otus House, Berkeley, California, 1963
Charles W. Moore, Doll House (Castle), Project, 1974
Charles W. Moore, Fantasy with Fish, 1971
Frederick Kiesler, Eighteen Functions of One Chair, 1942
Frederick Kiesler, The Endless House, 1960
Variation on the theme -In response to Ch. Gwathmey’s
presentation for the proposal of an addition to the
Guggenheim Museum
Frank Lloyd Wright, Project for a sports club in the
Hollywood Hills, 1947
Oscar Niemeyer, Spherical Building in the Ibirapuera Park
near Sao Paolo, 1951
Casa_Ugalde1951_coderch
Casa_Ugalde1951_coderch
Richard Hamilton, Just what is it that makes today's homes
so different, so appealing? (1956)
Pier Luigi Nervi, Palazzo del Lavoro, Model, Turin, Italy, 1961
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Model for Wrapped Whitney
Museum of American Art, New York, 1967
Hans Hollein, Aircraft Carrier Projects, 1964
Hans Hollein, The Presence of the Past, Architecture Venice
Biennale, 1980
Hans Hollein, Transformation New York, 1962 Hans Hollein “Rolls Royce Grille on Wall Street” 1966
Paul Rudolph, Film and Action Theater, For Ford
Foundation, 1960
Paul Rudolph, Graphic Arts Center, New York City, New
York, 1967
Aldo Rossi, Residential Unit in the Gallaratese Quarter, Milan, Italy 1969-70
Aldo Rossi, Residential Unit in the Gallaratese Quarter, Milan, Italy 1969-70
Candilis, Josic, Woods, Bochum University Competition, 1962
Kevin Roche, Project for The Federal Reserve Bank of New
York, New York, 1969
Photo; ALVIN BALTROP_ matta Clark’s Day’s end. 1975-86
Photo; ALVIN BALTROP_ matta Clark’s Day’s end. 1975-86
 Frank O. Gehry, Hypotheses about the form of other
presumably postmodernist entires, Chicago Tribune Tower
Competition_Late Entries, 1980

Bernard Tschumi, Five Levels of
Interpretation (Vicious Logic), Late Entry
to the Chicago Tribune Tower
Competition, 1980
Alison and Peter Smithson, Late Entry to
the Chicago Tribune Tower Competition
(Firework display on the occasion of the
completion of the structural steelwork),
1980
Paolo Portoghesi, Apartment Tower, Saint Marinella, Rome,
Italy, 1966
Hans Kollhoff, Competition Project for Atlanpole, Nantes,
France, 1982
Venturi, Scott Brown, Frug House, A Garden Pavilion,
Scheme A, 1966
Pier Luigi Nervi, Roof Structure_Three Parabolic Vaults,
100’ High, Spanning 115’, 1959-61
Hans Kollhoff, Project for the Analogous City, 1976
Walter Gropius (TAC-The Architects Collaborative), German
Ambassador’s Residence, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1968
Charles W. Moore, MOMA Buildings for Best Products
Exhibition, 1980
Venturi Scott Brown, Vanna Venturi House, Early Schemes,
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1962
Cedric Price, Aviary, Plan, Zoological Gardens, London,
England, 1962
Fumihiko Maki, Spiral_Wacol Media Center, Montage,
Tokyo, Japan, 1982-1985
Denys Lasdun, Housing at Bethnal Green, London, England,
1960
Louis I. Kahn
Louis Kahn, Reformed Traffic Circulation Pattern,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1952
Louis I. Kahn, Design for an Office Tower, Plan,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1952-1957
Louis I. Kahn, A City Tower, “Tomorrow’s City Louis I. Kahn, Market Street
Hall Study for the Universal Atlas Cement East Redevelopment Project,
Company”, Tower and Plaza Detail, 1957 Traffic Pattern, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 1961

Louis I. Kahn,
Goldenberg House,
Rydal, Pennsylvania,
Project, 1959
Louis Kahn/Complesso dell'Assemblea Nazionale_1962-83
Louis I. Kahn, National Assembly Building, Dhaka,
Bangladesh, 1961-1982
Louis I. Kahn, National Assembly Building, Dhaka,
Bangladesh, 1961-1982
Louis I. Kahn, National Assembly Building, Dhaka,
Bangladesh, 1961-1982
Louis I. Kahn 1982 Dhaka, Bangladesh
Campo, Sienna, Italy (Drawing by Louis Kahn, 1951)
Louis Kahn, Hurva Synagogue, Jerusalem, Israel, 1965 2
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.
1959-1965. Architect: Louis I. Kahn
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.
1959-1965. Architect: Louis I. Kahn
Rem Koolhaas, Zoe Zengelis, and Elia Zengelis, Hotel
Sphinx, Planetarium with Swimming Pool. 1975
J.B. Bakema and J.H. van den Broek, Pampus Project,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1965
Pierluigi Nicolin and Italo Rota, Project for Piazza Stamira,
Ancona, Italy 1978
Le Corbusier, Villa Shodhan, Ahmedabad, India, 1951
Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, Las Vegas, Stip
Message Analysis
Leon Krier, House for Colin Rowe, Project, 1975
James Stirling, No. 1 Poultry, London, England, 1997
James Stirling, Science Library, University of California at
Irvine, Los Angeles, California, 1988
Hans Kollhoff, Competition Project for Atlanpole, Nantes,
France, 1988
Robert Moses and the Modern City Remaking the
Metropolis 1959
Architect & designer Frank Gehry jumping on a desk in his
line of cardboard
 Frei Otto, Project for Arctic Frei Otto, Project for a Missile Frei Otto, Project for
City Envelope, 1971 Installation Cover, 1959 Grain or Cement Silos,
1959

Frei Otto, Project for a Large-Scale

Frei Otto, Project for a Factory Frei Otto, Project for a Offshore Envelope for Agricultural Use, 1959
Roof, 1959 Storage Facility, 1958-1959
Frei Otto, Tree Structures Project, 1960
Raimund Abraham, House for Euclid
 Frank Lloyd Wright, St. Mark’s Frank Lloyd Wright, Price Tower, Under Construction,
Tower, Project, New York, New York, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, 1952-1956.
1929
Frank Lloyd Wright, Price Tower, Bartlesville, Oklahoma,
1952-1956
Leon Krier, Homo Americanus, Portrait of Peter Eisenman, 1977
Bernard Tschumi, Parc de la Villette, Paris, France, 1983-1998
Bernard Tschumi, The Virtual Grids - Follies, Permutations
of Cube, 1983
Folly, Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture, Edited by Cyril M. Harris
Diana Agrest and Mario Gandelsonas, Architecture
Between Memory and Amnesia, A Project in the
Minneapolis Grid, 1976
The-function-of-the-oblique-Paul-Virilio-1966
Walter Gropius. The Architects Collaborative, Flexible
Elementary School, System Building, 1954
Arata Isozaki, Gunma Perfectural Museum of Fine Arts,
Japan, 1974
Fazlur Khan and Bruce Graham_SOM, John Hancock Center,
Photography by Ezra Stoller, Chicago, Illinois, 1968
John Hejduk, “Fabrications”, A Collection of Twelve Projects, 1974
Charles Jencks, Evolutionary Tree of Post-Modern Architecture, 1960-1980
Yona Friedman, Plan for Tunis, Tunisia. 1959
Peter Eisenman, House II, Carboard Architecture, 1969
Peter Eisenman, House 10, 1976
Le Corbusier, The Secretariat, Chandigarh, India, 1958
Pierre Jeanneret, Punjab University, Student Center, Chandigarh, India. 1960
Alison and Peter Smithson and The Independent Group. "Parallel of Life and Art". ICA, London, 1953
Alison and Peter Smithson, CIAM Grille, Prepared for CIAM
meeting at Aix-en-Provence, 1953
Hunstanton school exterior, by Alison & Peter Smithson. 1954
Alison and Peter Smithson, The Economist Building (The hall of the bank
building seen from the office tower), London, England, 1959-1965
Alison and Peter Smithson, The Economist Building. London, England, 1959-1965
Alison and Peter Smithson, Haupstadt Berlin, Berlin,
Germany, 1957-1958
Alison and Peter Smithson, Robin Hood Gardens, London,
England, 1966-1972
Alison and Peter Smithson, Cooper-Hewitt, Swag
Decoration, 1978
Louis I. Kahn, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad, Louis I. Kahn, Design for an Office Tower, Section,
India, 1966 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1952-1957
Louis I. Kahn, Dominican Sisters’ Convent, First Floor Plan,
Media, Pennsylvania, 1965-1968
Marcel Breuer, Ariston Restaurant, Diagram Showing Steel
Reinforcement in Floor Slab, Mar del Plata, Argentina, 1947
 Casa Kauffman. Fotografía de Julius Shulman. Obra de
1956-House Chuey. R. Neutra photo by Julius
Richard Neutra
Shulman
Neutra’s Case Study House number 20, Los Angeles. 1948
Richard Neutra. Pencil Point 18 July 1937 p423
Floorplan for Case Study House number 16, Los Angeles.
Salzman House. Craig Ellwood, 1947
 Plan of Case Study House 20, Los
Angeles. The Baily House designed by
Richard Neutra in 1948.
 Case Study House 20, Los Angeles. The
Baily House, designed by Richard Neutra
in 1948. Photo by Julius Shulman
Hans Scharoun, State Theater, Kassel, Germany,
Competition Model 1952
The opera house under construction,
Sydney. 1957-73. Jørn Utzon
Saarinen’s Dulles Airport in 1957
Saarinen’s TWA Terminal, JFK Airport, New York. 1962
Arne Jacobsen 1956-Rodovre-Radhus
Charles and Ray Eames, House of Cards, 1952
Frank Lloyd Wright. Eddie's house 1956 plan
Glimpses of America, American National Exhibition,
Moscow World’s Fair. 1959. Ray and Charles Eames
koenig-Case Study House 21, 1958 Los Angeles koenig-Case Study House 22, 1960 Los Angeles
Pierre Koenig. Case Study House 21. frontal view, 1958
Ludovico Quaroni. Quartiere CEP, Mestre. La Città satellite vista dall’entrotrerra, 1959
The Chemosphere, octagonal house in LA built by architect John Lautner 1960
 Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis, Standing on a specially Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis, Plan of a Typical
contrived platform discusses the scale model of Pakistan’s Community, Class V, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1962
new capital Islamabad with aides., LIFE Magazine, October
7th, 1966
Craig Ellwood. Weekend House Project, 1964
Hans Scharoun, Berlin Philharmonic Hall, Floor Plan, Berlin,
Germany, 1960-1963
Torres Blancas building, Madrid. 1964. F.J. Sáenz de Oíza
Aldo Rossi, I Love This Dog, 1990
Aldo Rossi, The Analogous City, Collage, 1977 Aldo Rossi, Roma Interrotta, 1977
Aldo Rossi, Competition for the Monument to the
Resistance in Cuneo, 1962
Llegada_teatro_flotante_Venecia_agosto_1980
Aldo Rossi. Teatro del Mundo
Aldo Rossi, Teatro del Mondo, Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy, 1979
Aldo Rossi, Town Hall Square and Monument to the
Resistance, Segrate, Near Milan, Italy, 1965
Aldo Rossi, Domestic Architecture, 1974
Aldo Rossi, The Labyrinth, 1972 Aldo Rossi, “Some of My Projects
with a Figure of a Saint”, 1972
Denys Lasdun1967-Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
James Stirling, Runcorn New Town Housing, Alternative
Layouts, England, 1967
Morris Lapidus and Associates, Olympic Tower, DoubleTree Metropolitan Hotel, New York (1960). Design
Model, New York, New York, 1970 by Morris Lapidus. Originally The Summit Hotel.
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty with Sun, 1970
Robert Smithson, Floating Island_to Travel Around Robert Smithson, Entropic Landscape, 1970
Manhattan Island, 1970
Aerial view of the World Trade Center under construction in september
1971, New York
Minoru Yamasaki. Twin Towers. NY. 1973
twin towers NY
Trellick Tower, North Kensington. Ernő Goldfinger. 1972
Trellick Tower, North Kensington. Ernő Goldfinger. 1972
Lautner-Arango House, John Lautner Acapulco
Mexico 1973
Daniel Libeskind. Axonometric Crystal New York 1970 –
London 1975
Inside the Windows of the World restaurant on the 107th
floor of the World Trade Center in 1976, New York
C. Rowe, J. Di Maio, J. Hartley, S. Potters, and M. Kleinman,
Minneapolis Renewal Project, Island Plan, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, 1976
James Stirling, Olivetti Headquarters, Milton Keynes,
England, 1971
James Stirling, Cornell University Performing Arts Center,
Perspective Construction Sketch of Loggia and Entrance
Hall, Ithaca, New York, 1983-1988
James Stirling, Neue Staatsgalerie, Site Plan, Stuttgart,
Germany, 1977-1983
James Stirling, Neue Staatsgalerie, Site Plan, Stuttgart,
Germany, 1977-1983
Franco Purini, After Modern Architecture, 1977
Roberto Burle Marx, Centro de Exposicoes e Convencoes do
Estado de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil, 1977
Roberto Burle Marx, Plan, Parc Zoologique et Botanique de Brasilia
Roberto Burle Marx, Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, 1981
Dan Graham, Alteration to a Suburban House, 1978
Bernard Tschumi, The Manhattan Transcripts. 1976-81
Philip Johnson, AT&T Building, Series Of Alternative Facade
Studies, New York, 1984
Johnson’s AT&T Building under construction in 1982, New
York
Peter Eisenman and Jaquelin T. Robertson, Fin d’Ou T Hou S. 1983
John Hejduk, Victims, 1986
Frank O. Gehry, BBKS&M Law Office, Los Angeles,
California, 1978
Frank O. Gehry, Vitra Factory and Museum, Weil am Rhein,
Germany, 1987-89
Rem Koolhaas_OMA, Agadir Convention Center, Morocco,
1990