GRAMMAR NOTES =’ | Sissies Use the simple past to show that something happened and was completed in the past. The focus is on the completion of the action of situation, Now Past "fo, Ss. Future, .;, | Diego Rivera painted his first mural in 1922, : =e ; a4 (He completed his frst mural in 1922.) " Rivera and Kahlo met in that same year. 2a Use the past progressive to show that something was in progress at.a specific time in the past. The action or situation}began before the specific time and may have continued ‘after that time, The-foctss is on the duration of the action or situation, not its completion. * Past tee, Mw rue. ..| During 1992, Diego Rivera was painting murals for the Detroit Institute of Arts. (@uring 1932, he continued painting murals for the apa 1 3 . ’ Detroit institute of Arts.) Kahlo and Rivera were living in Detroit then. [SESIIS These action-verbs (come, do, get, go, __| What were Rivera and Kahlo doing in Detroit? look, make, say, try, and work) are the most They were working on their art. common verbs in the past progressive. They are common both in speaking and in writing, Non-action verbs are not usually used in| Kahlo had a terrible accident’ the progressive. . NOT Kahlo was-having a terrible accident. (gists esses Use the past progressive with the simple past to show that one action interrupted another action in the past. Use the simple past for the interrupting action. SG ‘it Now Lois Lane and Clark Kent met while they were EE RGN ATL SET working at the Daily Planet. Were work Use while to introduce the action in the White Kent was going to the Daily Planet, he saw a Past progressive. car accident, Use when to introduce the action in the Kent was going to the Daily Planet when he saw a simple past. g car accident, [SET We can also use when to introduce the _| The accident occurred while the driver Was making action in the past progressive. alleft tum, ‘The accident occurred when the driver was making aleft turn, Simple Past and Past Progressive 24 Scanned with CamScanner= LSS Use the past progressive with while or when to she ow two actions in ss. at the same time in the past. Use the past progressive in both clauses, ee ~ While Superman was helping people, Lois Lane = Future Saar ‘was talking to the police. When Superman was helping people, Lois Lane "as a9 ‘was talking to the police. SRI eet ‘Simple Past + Past Progressive aT I Ld A bentence with two clauses in the simple past has a very different meaning from a sentence with one clause in the simple past and one clause in the past progressive. + both clauses in the simple past When Kent arrived at the newspaper office, Lane re wrote a report about Superman. if (First he arrived. Then she wrote the report.) When Kent arrived at the newspaper office, Lane * one clause in the simple past, the other was writing a report about Superman. clause in the past progressive Now (First she started writing the report. Then he arrived fond cd Futue | at the office) mar wii een mck) ‘The time clause (the part of the sentence with when or while) can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence. The meaning is the same. « at the beginning White he was flying, Superman carried Lois Lane in his arms. ‘Superman carried Lois Lane in his arms while he was flying. + atthe end (EGU Use a comma after the time clause When they met, they were covering the news. ‘when it comes at the beginning of the sentence. | They were covering the news when they met, ‘Do not use a comma after the main clause when | NOT They were covering the news, when they met. the main clause comes first. REFERENCE NOTES For spelling rules of regular past verbs, see Appendix 24 on page 464. For a list of irregular past verbs, see Appendix 1 on page 453. For spelling rules on forming the past progressive, see Appendix 23 on page 463. For a list of non-action verbs, see Appendix 2 on page 454. Goto MyEnglishLab to watch the grammar presenta Unit 2 Scanned with CamScannerEXERCISE 1 DISCOVER THE GRAMMAR GRAMMAR NOTES 1-6 Read these people's descriptions of how they met important people in their lives. Decide if the statement that follows Is True (T) or False (F). 1, LUCKY: was riding home on my bike when I saw Elena on a park bench. —£_ Lucky saw Elena before he got on his bike. 2, ROD: Iwas climbing a mountain when I met my best friend, Ian. gets —— Ian was on the mountain. 3, MARIE: How did I meet Philippe? I was sitting at home when the phone rang. When I answered, it was the wrong number, but we spoke for an hour! Marie knew Philippe before they spoke on the phone. 4, DON: When I first met Ana, I was working at the school library. Ana was there doing research. == Don started his library job after he met Ana. 5, TONY: How did I meet my wife? Actually, my cousins invited her to dinner while I was living at their place. After dinner, we started talking and never stopped! _—— Tony moved in with his cousins after he met his wife. 6, MONICA: I was taking an English class while Dania was taking Spanish. We met in the hall during abreak. ___ Monica and Dania were students at the same time. EXERCISE 2 SIMPLE PAST OR PAST PROGRESSIVE ee @ GRAMMAR NOTES 1-6 Complete the conversations. Circle the correct ver Conversation 1 JASON: Are you OK, Erion WE Did young)! ey? fn: Yes, but how were / did did you know ng / now? | was cyng/ di’ cry when you were coming / fame ln. 6 JASON: Your eyes are red. ERIN: ‘The movie Frida was on TV. It’s about the Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. I's so sad. When I was watching /-watched it, was thinking. / thought about her life. She had so many health problems and she never really was recovting / recovered from them. Conversation 2 Ut: You won't belive it I was seeing / saw David and Victoria Beckham in London last week. TONY: London? What were./ did you ig / do in London? Simple Past and Past Progressive 23 Scanned with CamScannerOvzce 24 ULY: Iwas there on a business trip, but of course I was finding / found some time for shopping When Iwas going / went into Harrods, the Beckhams were walking / walked inthe door right in front of me. Tow: ‘That’ awesome! You were asking / asked them if you could take slfe with them when you were getting / got inside the store, right? ULY: No, I wasn’t ansing / didn’t want to look like a crazed fan. TONY: OK, so what was happening / happened next? ULY: When Twas going / ‘went to the Women’s Department, Victoria was Joking Hooked at it jeans. I couldn't control myself anymore, so Iwas taking / took a photo. Here it is iB. Conversation 3 Yano: How were / did you hurting / hurt your foo? tage YosHt: It was an accident. L was fling / felon my way to clas yesterday. was slipping / sipped while was climbing / climbed the stair to the third floor TARO: That's toobad! ” Yost: Not relly. was feling / fle sory for myself when Iwas siting / satin the emergency room, + but suddenly things were changing / changed, Iwas meeting met a cool gisl who was at the hospital with her sister. We're going out for pizza tonight. @ LUSTEN AND CHECK Listen to the conversations and check your answers in A. EXERCISE 3 SIMPLE PAST OR PAST PROGRESSIVE @ GRAMMAR NOTES 1-6 Complete the conversations, Use the simple past or the past progressive form of the verbs in parentheses. See Appendix 1 on page 453 for help with irregular verbs. Conversation 1 Paz: What ___é lookit at were _ you _lokig_ at just then? You — eid ‘ parietal 1a the video of Nicole's wedding, She —_ so happy. PAZ: How —____ she and Matt. 2 Freeh Ev: At my graduation party. Matt almost 5 because he was out of town, He Fieoray ——2 big story for the newspaper. Luckily his plans ‘The rest is history. Unit 2 Scanned with CamScannerCen a ‘Conversation 2 Oe Te Si in website while a your Supermat ite while I Tea for some information online. It’s great. DEE: ‘Thanks. When ___ you _____a Superman fan? DAN: Ye » s ic book di hen I fears ago. ae aco ‘one day when —eexeg—— to marry Lois Lane! No, just kidding. 1 at to draw Lois Lane and Superman. DEE: TS career in graphic arts when I___ my Superman site. The website me get my first job. i DAN: So it looks like Superman was influential in both our lives! Si Conversation 3 LARA: __ Jason —__ you when he . to see you. I 1. (surprise) yet ene ‘2. (come) ue last night? ERIN: Yes!1_________."_ my apartment when he i ‘on the door. When I co) 6c) , We __to Fishbone Café. While we ny % wor ‘me to marry him! SS i a) 7 LARA: Congratulations! knit, Hiow much __-_ you already _\ 5 -_abour tis? uA Tall the details.But_ ). (not have) his plans Neel Ti. (mention) : when I him a) yesterday afternoon. @ usteN ano cHECK Listen to the conversations and check your answers in A. Simple Past and Past Progressive 25, Scanned with CamScanner26 ~ EXERCISE 4 CONNECTING CLAUSES WITH WHEN OR WHILE GRAMMAR NOTES 3-6 This timeline shows some important events in Monique's life. Use the timeline and the words in parentheses to write sentences about her. Use when or while and the simple past or past progressive. There Is more than one way to write some of the sentences. starts finishes ‘book starts gets gets practice has son; book, becomes borin movesto’ meets medical medical first atLenox starts does TV a success; Canada Austaia Paul school mares degree © job ‘Hospital«—book interview quits job Sn (oe irc): 1 (oS 1, She met Paul when she moved to Australia ‘(moves to Australia / meets Paul) ied while she civing. medict 2, She got married while she was studying. mediine 3. ‘ves in Australia gate mared) 4 Tromipltes har medleal Georeo 7 gets @ 08) ‘Gracices medicine at Lenox Hoephal7 has her 0°) ‘rites @ book 7 works at Lenox Hospital ‘Goes a TV wine frien her Book) [eaves Far Job her BOOK Bocornes 6 success) Unit 2 Scanned with CamScannerEXERCISE 5 EDITING GRAMMAR NOTES 1-6 Read Monique's email to a friend. There are eleven mistakes in the use of the simple past and the past progressive. The first mistake Is already corrected. Find and correct ten more. Hi Crystal, thought I was writing Chapter 2 of my new book when I was-thinking of you. The last time I saw you, you walked down the aisle to marry Dave. That was more than two years ago. How are you? How is married life? A lot has happened to me since then, While I worked at Lenox Hospital, I decided to pursue a career in writing. In 2014, I was publishing a book on women’s health issues. It was quite successful here in Australia. I even had several interviews on TV. When I was receiving a contract to write a second book, I decided to quit my hospital job to write full-time. That's what I'm doing now. Paul, too, has had a career change. While I was writing, he was attending law school. He was getting his degree last summer. Then Paul and his father established their own law firm. Oh, the reason I thought of you while I wrote was because the chapter was about rashes, Remember the time you were getting that terrible rash? We rode our bikes when you were falling into a patch of poison ivy. And that's how you met Dave! When you were falling off the bike, he offered to give us a ride home. Life's funny, isn’t it? Well, please write soon, and send my love to Dave. I miss you! ‘Monique Goto MyEnglishLab for more focused practice, ‘Simple Past and Past Progressive 27 Scanned with CamScanner32 UNIT 2 REVIEW Test yourself on the grammar of the unit. © Circle the correct words to complete the sentenc 1. [first met /_ was meeting my wife in 2007. 2, She worked / was working at the museum the day I went to see a Picasso exhibit. 3. saw / was seeing her as soon as I walked into the room. 4. She had / was having long dark hair and a beautiful smile. 5. While / When I had a question about a painting, I went over to speak to her. 6. The whole time she was talking, I thought / was thinking about asking her on a date. 7. When I left the museum, she gave / was giving me her phone number. © Complete the conversation with the simple past or past progressive form of the verbs in parentheses. when you first___ Bd? 1 eo inset 8: We _____, for a bus. We started to talk, and, as they say, “The rest is history.” ‘What about you? How did you meet Karl? What you A: Oh, Karl andI___ in school while we ___ English. 4. (meet) ‘5. (study) him as soon as1__ the room on the first day © aliee Terie of class. 8; It sounds like it was love at first sight! @ Find and correct six mistakes. Te was 2005. I studied French in Paris while I met Paul. Like me, Paul was from California. We were both taking the same 9:00 a.m. conversation class, After class, we always were going to a café with some of our classmates. One day, while we was drinking café au lait, Paul was asking me to go to a movie with him. After that, we started to spend most of our free time together: We really got to know each other well, and we discovered that we had a lot of similar interests. When the course was over, we left Paris and were going back to California together. The next year, we got married! Now check your answers on page 475. Unit 2 Go 18 MyEngshlah a complete a eviow ont. Scanned with CamScanner