Indig Gurty Garthous , ,

Law of indices
anx9" am
+
n Example : -

it
21a(a ] Cae
=

3a 3)
<
+

2a
1) 39
-

G-3
:
m - n x
a"= 9 " =

9 + * 2 =3
q 29 39
-

= =
+

G -2
=

=
a
a
+

x
-

=
·

am * d 2x 39-
( ]
2
(2)
95
-
-

+ - =

2 C
+ =
=
-

I -> -

a
..
a 2
3
=

=29
+ -

:
*

am = an m = n ....
Example
n
an A amx an 2 0 : -

= .

show that

3439
4

2) 73
- -

qca-
1 =

Ca
-
-

2401
-

-
7
=

739
① understanding the problem 74
initial investment , p
=
RM1000000 7 =

79 74 :

%
k 6 per annum
72 7
= .

:
-
"

n 20
7 (shown)
years
=72
=
-

(shown)
Equation
"
; 1 =

P(1 +

k)

3
integers 2
+

② 3 za 41 zn by 25 for all positive

+

substitute value formula 3 is divisible

.
.

K into
of p n +
,
,

34.3" 3.3 3 3
I P(1 k)
-
+ +

= +

Factorize =

32/3" 3 3 +

(It
+

I =

1000 000

3"(325]
=

I 06) 3 ++ 3"
+* *
=

1000000 ( 1 +

0 .

: Since 325 is multiply of 25 thus

,
3 + is divisable by 25 by
all positive integers 2 .

7 3207 135
=

Example 30 .
: -

: Husna's total investment is

solve equation
RM 3 207 135
ga3= 4
, , .

a) 27(812) =

1 bl

33(z4x3) 3 =

3(n-3)
64
*

64
3)(z) 2 4
:
=
=
=

3
3(n 3) -

33
+
12x
=

30 2 =

24 2 :

in -g
6

24
-

3 12x 0
2
=
+

12x
=
-
3

x
-
=

30-9 =

4x 6 -

12
x 3
=
-

=
..
x
.. x = -

3
 Indig Gurty Garthous , ,

Law of Surds .

Example 1 O
:-
Rational numbers
.

decimals to fractions
convert the following recurring
symbols
4
· Radical :
-
3 S

a) 676767. . .
/ /
0 .

Recurring decimals : -

54 965656
.

x =

0
176767
- ...
- Q

surd is
positive integer 1004 67 6767 -
=

:
-a
· .
...

it has infinite decimal places

:
② D
-

·
na : -

"Surd a order n" -

-> 100n =

67 676767
.

676767]
fa =
0 -

Example of surds :
-

992 =

67
surd
I cannot be simplified therefore 2 is a
17
,
:: n =

4 can be simplified as 2 , therefore I is not a surd .

99

b) 12 . 645645645 ...

n
=

12 645645645
. ...

n
=

12 +

y
0
y 0645649
-
= ...

-
1000y 645 643645
=
. ...

② N -

645 645649
...

-100%
0 = .

0 645643 ]
na
.
...
- =

In a
9994 = 645

b ab 645
A X
y
-
=

⑰
999
a b
b
= =

y I
=

1
numerators denominator conjugate 215
of with x 12
multiply the
=
+

33
ma
.:x
surd surd be aliminated from denominator 12
=

m a so that can .

numerator b denominator of main

with
· multiply the
b

surd be aliminated from

conjugate surd m a
-

nb so that can

denominator .

I
denominator of with
·
multiply the numerator
ma+ n b
surd be aliminated from
conjugate surd m a
-

nb so that can

denominator .

·
multiply the numerators denominator of a -

b with a

W
fraction in the form
a
C
+

I
to eliminate the grd from denominator
 after Byak

Indig Gurty Garthous

E aRunee
,
alime e

⑧
,
S

Law of Surds .

2 0
Enample .

:-
·
Rational numbers

1 2
2 x 7 2x7 39 Sa
. =

x Sa
3a
symbols
x
.

4
Radical 3 S
=

:
·
- / /

=14
1592
I

Recurring decimals : -

54 965656
.

·
surd :
-a is
positive integer 3 24

24
,
.

: - it has infinite decimal places 8

·
na : -

"Surd a order n"

->
-

-
3
·

Example of surds :
-

surd
I cannot be simplified ,
therefore 2 is a
simplify
4 can be simplified as 2 , therefore I is not a surd
18 2
.

I : =

9x2 .
2 x 3
+

9 X 2
=
=

2x3 +

.. =

32
=6 +

6 (calculator]
..
26
=

3 .

(6 22) (i 52 I
+
+

na In a
=

6 +

632 + 122 +

2232

6 +
182 +
22 +

64
A X b - ab
6 6(2)
=

202 +

a b 18 207
b
=
=
+
=
..

4 .

427 5 .
518 =

59x2
1
·
multiply the
numerators denominator of
ma
with conjugate =

49X3 =

59 x 2

surd be aliminated from denominator

surd so that
3]
m a can .

49
=

532
=

· multiply the
numerator b denominator of
main b
with =

4(355] =
152
surd be aliminated from
conjugate surd m a
-

nb so that can : =

123
denominator .

I 5

=x
denominator of with

~a
the numerator
.

·
multiply ma nb
-

53
-

surd be aliminated from

conjugate surd m a a b so that can
+

=55
denominator .

55 x 555
·
multiply the numerators denominator of a -

b with a
-
55 - -
3
a -

b
fraction in the form C to eliminate 259 75
the surd from denominator
a +

I
 Indig Gurty Garthous , ,

Law of Surds .

snample 2 O .

:-
·
Rational numbers
I
6 1 7
.

255 3/7
symbols
4
Radical 3 S
-

: need to
·
- 71 +

553 multiply
/ /
*
-
↳ C-)

Recurring decimals 54 965656 555 I

I'+
72

+
· : - .
-

x =

x
s 782-55
25 5/7
integer
-

is
·
surd :
-a , positive
=

75 -

555
it has infinite decimal places 215 5/7
(darab dua)
+

: -
- =

(75 55) (752-55) +

-

(25 5/7)(25 57)

>
Kalis ·e
"Surd a
- +

-
·
na : -
order n" -

-
-

75 55 SF
= 25
-

98 75
Example
12 175
-

of surds
-

· -

7 53
surd
25
- -

simplified
=

therefore
.. =

be 2 is a
.

I cannot ,
23

4 can be simplified as 2 , therefore I is not a surd .

I
8 .

=
1 +

55 1 +
15
the
change time
meet
x

1 -
5 1 +
55 surc
-
(atas darabnormal)
=(1 5) (1 5) +

-
+

+5) (barrb"duakali)
-

1 +
5 +

53 +

3
na I na 1 -

=
4 +
25
b ab
-

A X -
2

.
.

2 55
=
- -

a b
=
1
=

b 9 .

5+ 7
+
4 - F

1 1 55 1 55
numerators denominator conjugate
+ -

of with
·
multiply the
-
ma -
=

S + F 1- 5 4 F 1 +
B
surd
-

surd m a so that can be aliminated from denominator .

-
X t -
X

1 +

⑮ 1 -

55 1 -

55 1 +
53
-
the numerator denominator of with -
- -

· multiply ma+ n b =

5 553 7 4 455 /7 ()
surd
-
-
+ -
-

conjugate surd m a
-

nb so that can be aliminated from +

1 -
3
1- 3
denominator .

I
denominator of with
multiply the numerator

-read en
·

ma+ n b
surd be aliminated from
conjugate surd m a
-

nb so that can

denominator .

·
multiply the numerators denominator of a -

b with a

fraction in the form

a
C
+

I
to eliminate the grd from denominator
 Indig Gurty Garthous , ,

Law of Surds .
Example 3 0 .

·
Rational numbers
:- e
Exami n

symbols
4
· Radical :
-
3 S

/
/

Recurring decimals : -

54 965656
.

① understanding the problem

is
positive integer
(203
surd -a
-4)
· :

m
,

area =

: - it has infinite decimal places

base
length (4 45) yes
"Surd a n"
->
m
order
=
+

·
na : -

Example of surds :
-

formula of triangle
surd
I cannot be simplified ,
therefore 2 is a

be simplified therefore is not a surd

4 can as 2 , I base height
·
I x
.

↓x (4 45) x 205 4
= -
+
+

(2 +

255) x + =
2055 -

+ =
2055 -

2 +

255

t =

2055-4 2 -
25

na
x

In a
2 255
+ 255 2 -

- -

+ 405-120 8-855
b ab
=
-

A X -

4 -
12

a b
b
= =

t =
-

128 +
3255

: t =

16 455
#
-

1
·
multiply the
numerators denominator of
ma
with conjugate

surd m a so that surd can be aliminated from denominator .

Example 4 8 .

the numerator denominator of with

· multiply ma+ n b
x -

45 +

3 =
0
surd be aliminated from
conjugate surd m a
-

nb so that can

factorize
(a- 3) (F-1)
denominator
0 =>
.

I
denominator of with
·
multiply the numerator
ma+ n b
surd be aliminated from
conjugate surd m a nb so that can
F
-

denominator .
-
3
=

0 or -1 =

-
x = I
·
multiply the numerators denominator of a -

b with a A ⑮ =
3
x =

12
a
32
b
-

fraction in the form C to eliminate x

surd from denominator
=

the
a +

I x =

1
#
x
=

9#
 Indig Gurty Garthous , ,

G of Larthing .

I 2 "
Example 10

of Hi
· :

E N =

9
a

log E, 3
into indea form
I convert
1 Es
log
=

·
a =
,
,

logal 0
3
=

:
27 =

1
·

10gaa
=

2) Determine the value of a

N
log N 2
antiloga
=

lOYsA 3
=
·
, ,

x
=

93
:
x =

125

Example 2 0 .

logacy logan log Y 1 Given 1

,15 1 6826
b 14 0 8614
.
· = +
=
.
:
.

>
-

60
loga G logax-loga logs
- >

Y a)
=
·
and
x try error based on
question given .

x"
log n
log an -log (15x4) c) log 100
· =

, , ,

loga b log b
15
log 4
-log (25 x
4)
"log
·
=

,
,
, ,

log a
25 4
-log log
,
+ ,
,
=

1.6826 +

0 .

8614
·

logab =

logbb =
1
=log ,
5 +

0 .

8614
2 544
=

log A
logb 9
5'

1)
.
.

,
-
=2109 ,
+

08614

log 10 1
log 12 2 8614
=

0
antiloy symbol
+
· .

i
=
: -

,
:
2 861
=

calculator
by using
.

Ine
-109s(6, )
,

·
=

1 press shift then

log / 100
In e
· "
x
bwe
=

e
104 60-10g
=

,
· ein =

2
2 544-1
=

10109
.

x
=

·
-
2 861
=

:
.
 Indig Gurdy I
ogarithms , ,
.

G of Larthing .

logatHi= 2 sample 3 0
"
N a
.

·
>
=

6
·
a =
1 Es
log , ->
1.
log ,
750
, 109 ,

logal
(5)
0
-log
·
=

1
·

10gaa
=

log ,
N =
2
,
antiloga
=

N =log ,
125

5
=log ,

/
=3109s5
3
=
.

I
2) 8
log 210g 6-log
+

, , ,

logacy logan log Y =log 8 +

10g 6"-log ,
· = +

a ,
,

>
=

loga G logax-loga Y =log

(8 9]
=
·

,
x 36 =

x"
log n
log an
· =

=109 27 ,
·

loga b log b
=

-log 3
,

log ,
a ,

3033
:

logab =

logbb =
1

logb 9 3
=

..

log ,
A

Example 4 .
0
log 10 1
antiloy symbol
· =
: -

I
loga Y b) 2 logan 109 Y
109ax + 3
-

calculator I a
by using
Ine
,

·
1 press shift then =
=109ax-loga
=

log / 100 =109a x +

loga y' y
In e
"

=10ga()
·

x
=109a (ny'
=

eenn
· =
2
· 10109 =

x
 Indig Gurty Garthous , ,

G of Larthing .

2 c) 210g
I log y-1
"
x+
of Hi
· :

E N =

9 , ,
a

=) log +logsy- log 3

=

a 1 Es
log ,
·

,
=

logal 0
109 , (1)
=

·
=

...

1
·

10gaa
=

N Example 5 0 .

log N 2
antiloga
=

=
·
, ,
write in terms and r
log , 5
of
109 , 3 p g
-

2 0 ,

log
,
1.
=

p 9
=

If
=

, ,
> ,

b) 45
a)
10936 log ,

2) (5 x
9)
-log(3 -log
x
,

=109 , 3 +

1092 =109 , 5
+

109,9
3
..
=

q
+

P
=+ +

log ,
logacy logan log Y +
log 3
·
=r 2
= +

a >

->
..
29
-

r
=
+

loga G logax-loga Y
=
·

x"
) logb (S)
log n
log an
· =

log , 555-109 >

- 2
·

loga b log b
=

log ,
a
-109(3 5) P x -

*
3
logab logbb 1
=log > 5
log -P
+

,
=

log A
logb 9 3-p
!log
, =
+ +

>

log 10 1
antiloy symbol
·

1q
=
: -

:
r
p
=
+

calculator
by using
Ine
,

·
=

1 press shift then

log / 100
In e
· "
=

· ein =

2
· 10109 =

x
 Indig Gurty Garthous , ,

G of Larthing .

snample 60 .

log Hi 2
"
·
> N a
bases
=
=

by changing
a
values to 10
Determine
following
·

bewert
bawah - atas
1 Es
log b) 1096 0 49
=

a
logb 4D-atas
· =

a)
.

logal 0
=

45
=109104 =109 06
.

1
·

10gaa
=

log,o
2
1091030
N
log N 2
antiloga
=

3468
=
0
=

6021
·
0
-

, ,
.

= .

1 4771
.
0 3010
.

: .. =

- 1 152
0 408
=
.
.

Example 7 O
loan= In
.

them
convert the following to
remlogarithms and evaluate
- 4- atas
1 .

log g b) 109 304

logacy logan log log
254

=HugeSe
Y
· = +

a
,

> 109e6
-

loga G logax-loga
- >

Y
=
·

-In 254
x"
log n
log an
·

In 6
=

, - =

0 4US
.

3 090
=

loga b log b
I
.
.

·
=

log
log ,
a
Example 8 0
.

laws
·

logab =

logbb =
I solving problems involving hog ·

a) In (4x-2) = 5

34
4
logb 9
3

log 1
58a e
-
-

A
4n
.

,
2
=
- =

3 (n-3) log SO S

log 10 1 (x-4) log 4x

=

e 2
antiloy symbol
= +
· =
: -
,
,

50
by usingshichatn 3 alog 50-310g n e2

Ine 210g 3 - 4log

=

1
,
=

·
, , ,
press
=

4
log / 100 2109 03 -2109 050 =-3109 ,
50 +
4log 03 ,

In e
· " , ,

x x 37 603
=

4 log 03
=

factories (109
.

50
00) -3109
+

=
, ,
,
eenn
· =
2 x -
=

310g 050
,
+

4109 03 ,

· 10109 =

x 109 03-109
, , 050
..
n =

2 610
.
 Indig Gurty Garthous , ,

G of Larthing .

2 Example 8 0 .

log
"
·

Hi > N a
=
=

·
a =
1 Es
log ,
=

"10e= 35

logal 0

zen=
·
=

1
·

10gaa
=

log ,
N =
2
,
antiloga
=

N e24 =

3 5 .

Ine*= In 35 .

zade= In 35
.

2x
=

1735
..
x =

0 6264
#
.

logacy logan log Y

· = +

->
-

loga G logax-loga Y
=
·

x" the problem

log n
log an ① Understanding
· =

formula T 30 (1 .

2)"
given
=

I
·

loga log
,

·
b =
b
from 30° T°C
,

log temperature
·
rises to .

log ,
a
·
Determine T When x =
10 4s .

block rises from 30°-1500°

Determine of
.

2 temperature
·

when
·

logab =

logbb =
I
"
b) T 30 (1 2)
log logb 9 "

Mai
A
.

a) T 30 (1 2)
=

, = .

when T =

1500 °
when x
=

10 45 ·

log 10 1

-must a
don't
antiloy symbol forget
·
: "
(1 2)
= -

4
1500 30
2)
=

T 30(1
.

to put
=

by using calculator unit = (1 2)

Ine
-
,

·
1 T 199 8 ° unit
=

press shift
then 30
= .

2 C+ mark)
/
1 1
log 50
= .

In e
"

.. 2
·

x
19 Ig
=

50 =

..

eenn
1y
50 x 19 ! 2
=

· =
2 ,

· 10109 =

x
a
=