UNIT II - Chapter 6

Carbon Compounds
Exercise 6.1

Do the following.

1. Which of the following hydrocarbons contains single, double, or triple bonds? Draw
the structural formulas to support your answer.

a. pentane

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b. pentene

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c. pentyne

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2.Are butane and cyclobutane isomers? Use diagrams and molecular formulas to
support your answer.

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3. Draw the structure of the following compounds:

a. 2-methyl-4-ethylhexane

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b. 3-methyl-2-hexene

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c. 1-penten-3-yne

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Exercise 6.2

Answer the following:

1. Classify each of the following compounds as hydrocarbon halogenated compound,

alcohol, organic acid, or anime.

a. C⁴H⁹C1 - _____________________

b. C³H⁷OH - _____________________

c. C¹⁰H²² - _____________________

d. C⁴H⁹NH² - _____________________

e. C²H⁵COOH - _____________________
2. Explain why organic compounds with similar structures usually have similar uses.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Redraw the given compound then identify it by encircling each type of functional
group.

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4. Name the following compounds

a. CH³ — C — CH²CH³ _____________________

OH

b. CH² = CHCH²C1 _____________________

c. CH³CH²OCH²CH³ _____________________

d. CH³CHCH³ _____________________

e. CH³CHCH²CHO _____________________

CH³

5. Explain why alkenes and alkynes contain functional groups but are not substituted
hydrocarbons.

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6. Ethylene glycol is used as antifreeze in car radiators. It has two hydroxyl groups, as
shown. What can you infer about the boiling point, freezing point, and solubility in
water of this compound based on its structure?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Cadaverine (1, 5 - pentanediamine) and putrescine (1, 4 - butanediamine) are foul-
smelling compounds formed by bacteria in rotting flesh. Draw their structures. What
group organic compounds are these chemicals?

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8. Benzene is a poisonous compound and causes cancer. Yet many of the food we eat
can contain benzene rings such as benzaldehyde. Why are some organic compounds
with phenyl group safe to eat?

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____

Exercise 6.3

Answer the following.

1. What are the different types of hydrocarbons?

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2. How do the different types of hydrocarbons differ from one another?

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3. What are the properties of hydrocarbons?

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4. How are organic compounds classified by functional groups?

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5. What are the general structures of functional groups?

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6. What are the general properties and uses of the different functional groups?

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7. What do organic acids and alcohols have in common?

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Exercise 6.4

Multiple choice. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. How many hydrogen atoms will an alkane with twelve carbone atoms have?

a. 13

b. 14

c. 24

d. 26

2. What are isomers?

a. compounds with the same structure but different molecular formulas

b. compounds with the same molecular formula but diffetent structures

c. compounds with the same number of carbon but different types of bonds

d. compounds with the same number of carbon atoms and the same structures

3. Which hydrocarbons contain double bonds?

a. alkanes

b. alkenes

c. alkynes

d. isomers

4. Which molecule contains a triple bond?

a. C²H²

b. C²H⁴

c. C³H⁶

d. C³H⁸

For items 5-7, refer to the table below.

Name Molecular formula

 methane CH⁴
ethane C²H⁶

propane C³H⁸

butane C⁴H¹⁰

pentane C⁵H¹²

5. What information does the table provide about the hydrocarbons?

a. shape

b. number of branches

c. number of isomers

d. number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule

6. What is the relationship between the number of carbon atoms and the number of
hydrogen atoms in each hydrocarbon?

a. There are twice as many carbon atoms as hydrogen atoms

b. There are twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms

c. The number of hydrogen atoms is twice the number of carbon atoms plus two.

d. The number of hydrogen atoms is three times the number of carbon atoms minus
two

7. Butene is an alkene with eight hydrogen atoms. From the organic compounds in the
table, what is the subscript of carbon in butene's molecular formula?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

8. Petroleum is a natural source of which compounds?

a. alcoholw

b. esters

c. ketones
d. hydrocarbona

9. Which formula represents an alcohol?

a. CH³C1

b. CH³COOH

c. CH³OCH³

d. CH³CH²OH

10. What type of compound does the molecule NH²COCH²CH represent?

a. amine

b. amide

c. ester

d. aldehyde

Exercise 6.5

Questions. Answer the following questions thoroughly.

For items 1-4, refer to the following structural formulas:

compound A

H H H

| | |

H – C — C — C — OH

| | |

H H H

compound B

O H H
H- C — C — C —H

| | |

H H H

1. a. Which types of substituted hydrocarbons are compounds A and B?

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b. How did you arrive at your answer?

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2. What is the molecular formula of compund a? of compound b?

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3. Are compounds a and b isomers? Justify your answer.

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4. Would you expect the two compounds to have identical properties? why?

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5. What is petroleum? Where is it found? What are some useful products derived from
petroleum?

________________________________________________________________________________________________
____

6. The non-stick coating found in pans is made of tetrafluoroethylene, a halogenated

hydrocarbon. In this compound, all four hydrogen atoms of ethylene are replaced by
fluorine. What is the structural formula of this compound?

_____________________

7. How would you classify each of the following compounds?

a. CH³CH²C1 _____________________

b. C¹²H²⁰COOH _____________________

c. C⁹H²⁰ _____________________
d. C⁶H¹³ _____________________