Atlas college of

Health science
Assignment for; kayzen 4
Subject name; continuous
improvement process

Name: haysem nesredin

Id : 1318/13

Submitted to :m.r abdu

1, What are the basic differences between Quality control and Quality assurance?
Quality control and quality assurance are both essential processes in ensuring the quality
of a product or service. However, they differ in their focus and scope.

Quality control (QC) is a reactive process that focuses on identifying and correcting
defects in the finished product or service. It involves inspection and testing of the product
or service to identify defects and ensure that it meets the desired quality standards. QC is
concerned with the operational activities that ensure the product or service meets the
specified quality requirements.

On the other hand, quality assurance (QA) is a proactive process that focuses on
preventing defects from occurring in the first place. It is concerned with the overall
process of creating the product or service, from design and development to
manufacturing and delivery. The goal of QA is to ensure that the process itself is capable
of consistently producing products or services that meet the desired quality standards.

2, Identified the nine most common Total Quality Management (TQM)?

QC vs QA Differences.

What are the basic differences between Quality control and Quality assurance?

Quality control and quality assurance are both essential processes in ensuring the quality of a product or
service. However, they differ in their focus and scope.

Quality control (QC) is a reactive process that focuses on identifying and correcting defects in the
finished product or service. It involves inspection and testing of the product or service to identify defects
and ensure that it meets the desired quality standards. QC is concerned with the operational activities
that ensure the product or service meets the specified quality requirements.
On the other hand, quality assurance (QA) is a proactive process that focuses on preventing defects
from occurring in the first place. It is concerned with the overall process of creating the product or
service, from design and development to manufacturing and delivery. The goal of QA is to ensure that
the process itself is capable of consistently producing products or services that meet the desired quality
standards.

In summary, quality control is focused on identifying and correcting defects in the finished product or
service, while quality assurance is focused on preventing defects from occurring in the first place by
ensuring that the overall process is capable of consistently producing products or services that meet the
desired quality standards.

Identified the nine most common Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach that focuses on continuous improvement
and customer satisfaction. Here are the nine most common principles of TQM:

Customer focus: Understanding and meeting the needs of customers is the central focus of TQM. All
employees should be dedicated to providing the highest level of customer satisfaction.

Continuous improvement: TQM requires ongoing efforts to improve products, services, and processes.
The goal is to continuously identify and eliminate waste, inefficiencies, and defects.

Employee involvement: Employees at all levels of the organization should be involved in the TQM
process. They should be empowered to make decisions and take ownership of their work.
Leadership: Effective leadership is essential for the success of TQM. Leaders must set a clear vision,
provide resources and support, and lead by example.

Process approach: TQM emphasizes a process-based approach to management. This involves identifying
and improving the key processes that drive the organization.

Data-driven decision making: TQM relies on data and metrics to make informed decisions. This involves
collecting and analyzing data to identify trends, track progress, and make improvements.

Continuous training and education: TQM requires ongoing training and education to ensure that
employees have the skills and knowledge necessary to support the organization's goals.

Supplier partnerships: TQM recognizes the importance of strong supplier partnerships. Suppliers should
be selected based on their ability to meet quality standards and should be integrated into the TQM
process.

Integrated system: TQM requires an integrated system approach to management. This involves aligning
all aspects of the organization, including processes, people, and technology, to support the goals of
TQM.

3, what does these terms refer? (ISO 9000) and (ISO 1400)?
Answer;

ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 are both international standards developed by the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) to promote quality management and environmental management,
respectively.

ISO 9000 is a series of standards that provide guidelines for implementing and maintaining quality
management systems (QMS) in organizations. These standards are designed to help organizations
ensure that their products and services consistently meet customer requirements and comply with
relevant regulations. The ISO 9000 standards cover a wide range of topics related to quality
management, including customer focus, leadership, process approach, and continuous improvement.
ISO 14001 is a standard that provides guidelines for implementing and maintaining environmental
management systems (EMS) in organizations. This standard is designed to help organizations reduce
their environmental impact and comply with relevant regulations. The ISO 14001 standard covers a
wide range of topics related to environmental management, including environmental policy, planning,
implementation, and evaluation.

Both ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 are voluntary standards that organizations can choose to adopt.
Implementing these standards can help organizations improve their operations, enhance their
reputation, and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

4, what are the seven elements of total quality managment (TQM)?

QC vs QA Differences.

What are the basic differences between Quality control and Quality assurance?

Quality control and quality assurance are both essential processes in ensuring the quality of a product or
service. However, they differ in their focus and scope.

Quality control (QC) is a reactive process that focuses on identifying and correcting defects in the
finished product or service. It involves inspection and testing of the product or service to identify defects
and ensure that it meets the desired quality standards. QC is concerned with the operational activities
that ensure the product or service meets the specified quality requirements.

On the other hand, quality assurance (QA) is a proactive process that focuses on preventing defects
from occurring in the first place. It is concerned with the overall process of creating the product or
service, from design and development to manufacturing and delivery. The goal of QA is to ensure that
the process itself is capable of consistently producing products or services that meet the desired quality
standards.
In summary, quality control is focused on identifying and correcting defects in the finished product or
service, while quality assurance is focused on preventing defects from occurring in the first place by
ensuring that the overall process is capable of consistently producing products or services that meet the
desired quality standards.

Identified the nine most common Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach that focuses on continuous improvement
and customer satisfaction. Here are the nine most common principles of TQM:

Customer focus: Understanding and meeting the needs of customers is the central focus of TQM. All
employees should be dedicated to providing the highest level of customer satisfaction.

Continuous improvement: TQM requires ongoing efforts to improve products, services, and processes.
The goal is to continuously identify and eliminate waste, inefficiencies, and defects.

Employee involvement: Employees at all levels of the organization should be involved in the TQM
process. They should be empowered to make decisions and take ownership of their work.

Leadership: Effective leadership is essential for the success of TQM. Leaders must set a clear vision,
provide resources and support, and lead by example.

Process approach: TQM emphasizes a process-based approach to management. This involves identifying
and improving the key processes that drive the organization.
Data-driven decision making: TQM relies on data and metrics to make informed decisions. This involves
collecting and analyzing data to identify trends, track progress, and make improvements.

Continuous training and education: TQM requires ongoing training and education to ensure that
employees have the skills and knowledge necessary to support the organization's goals.

Supplier partnerships: TQM recognizes the importance of strong supplier partnerships. Suppliers should
be selected based on their ability to meet quality standards and should be integrated into the TQM
process.

Integrated system: TQM requires an integrated system approach to management. This involves aligning
all aspects of the organization, including processes, people, and technology, to support the goals of
TQM.

what does these terms refer? (ISO 9000) and (ISO 1400)?

ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 are both international standards developed by the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) to promote quality management and environmental management,
respectively.

ISO 9000 is a series of standards that provide guidelines for implementing and maintaining quality
management systems (QMS) in organizations. These standards are designed to help organizations
ensure that their products and services consistently meet customer requirements and comply with
relevant regulations. The ISO 9000 standards cover a wide range of topics related to quality
management, including customer focus, leadership, process approach, and continuous improvement.

ISO 14001 is a standard that provides guidelines for implementing and maintaining environmental
management systems (EMS) in organizations. This standard is designed to help organizations reduce
their environmental impact and comply with relevant regulations. The ISO 14001 standard covers a wide
range of topics related to environmental management, including environmental policy, planning,
implementation, and evaluation.

Both ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 are voluntary standards that organizations can choose to adopt.
Implementing these standards can help organizations improve their operations, enhance their
reputation, and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

what are the seven elements of total quality managment (TQM)?

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management approach that emphasizes continuous improvement
and customer satisfaction. The seven elements of TQM are:

Customer focus: This element emphasizes the importance of understanding and meeting the needs of
customers. This includes gathering customer feedback, identifying their expectations, and ensuring that
all processes are designed with the customer in mind.

Leadership: This element emphasizes the critical role that leaders play in the success of TQM. Leaders
must set a clear vision, provide resources and support, and lead by example.

Employee involvement: This element emphasizes the importance of involving employees at all levels of
the organization in the TQM process. Employees should be empowered to make decisions and take
ownership of their work.

Continuous improvement: This element emphasizes the need for ongoing efforts to improve products,
services, and processes. The goal is to continuously identify and eliminate waste, inefficiencies, and
defects.
Process approach: This element emphasizes the importance of a process-based approach to
management. This involves identifying and improving the key processes that drive the organization.

Systematic approach to management: This element emphasizes the need for a systematic approach to
management. This involves aligning all aspects of the organization, including processes, people, and
technology, to support the goals of TQM.

Factual approach to decision making: This element emphasizes the importance of making informed
decisions based on data and facts. This involves collecting and analyzing data to identify trends, track
progress, and make improvements.

5, what dose "PDCL" cycle mean? explain in detail?

PDCA cycle, also known as the Deming cycle or the Shewhart cycle, is a continuous
improvement model that consists of four stages: Plan, Do, Check, and Act (PDCA). The PDCA
cycle is a key component of Total Quality Management (TQM) and is used by organizations to
improve their processes, products, and services. Here is a detailed explanation of each stage of
the PDCA cycle:

Plan: In this stage, the organization identifies a problem or an opportunity for improvement and
sets goals and objectives for addressing it. This involves gathering data, analyzing the situation,
and developing a plan for improvement.

Do: In this stage, the organization implements the plan by carrying out the necessary changes
or improvements. This involves putting the plan into action and collecting data to monitor
progress.

Check: In this stage, the organization evaluates the results of the changes made in the previous
stage. This involves comparing actual results to the expected results and identifying any
deviations.
Act: In this stage, the organization takes action based on the results of the check stage. This
involves either standardizing the changes made in the previous stage or making further
improvements based on the data collected.

The PDCA cycle is a continuous process, meaning that once the fourth stage is completed, the
cycle begins again with the first stage. This allows the organization to continually improve its
processes, products, and services over time.

Overall, the PDCA cycle is a powerful tool for organizations to identify and address problems,
improve their processes, and ultimately deliver higher quality products and services to their
customers.

. 6, other methods of continuous improvement process (CIP) are six sigma, lean
manufacturing and total quality management (TQM) , explain each methods in relation to kaizen
or continuous improvement process (CIP)?

Kaizen, also known as continuous improvement, is a philosophy and practice that involves
continually improving processes, products, and services over time. It is a key component of
many quality management systems, including Total Quality Management (TQM), Lean
Manufacturing, and Six Sigma. Here's how each of these methods relates to kaizen or
continuous improvement process (CIP):

Total Quality Management (TQM): TQM is a management approach that emphasizes

continuous improvement and customer satisfaction. TQM encourages organizations to involve
employees at all levels in the process of continuous improvement. By providing employees with
the tools and resources to identify and solve problems, TQM promotes a culture of continuous
improvement throughout the organization.
Lean Manufacturing: Lean manufacturing is a system of management that focuses on
eliminating waste and creating value for the customer. Lean principles include continuous
improvement, just-in-time manufacturing, and respect for people. By continuously eliminating
waste and improving processes, lean manufacturing helps organizations create more value for
their customers while reducing costs.

Six Sigma: Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to quality management that focuses on
eliminating defects and reducing variation. Six Sigma emphasizes the use of statistical tools and
techniques to measure and analyze processes. By continually monitoring and improving
processes, Six Sigma helps organizations achieve higher levels of quality and customer
satisfaction.

All of these methods share a common goal of continuous improvement or kaizen. They all
emphasize the importance of involving employees at all levels of the organization in the process
of improvement, and they all rely on data and measurement to identify opportunities for
improvement. By adopting these methods and embracing a culture of continuous
improvement, organizations can achieve higher levels of quality, efficiency, and customer
satisfaction

7, Why we use continuous improvement

process ( CIP)?
Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) is used to improve products, services, and processes
continuously. Here are some reasons why organizations use CIP:

Improve efficiency and productivity: CIP helps organizations identify and eliminate waste and
inefficiencies in their processes. By continually improving processes, organizations can increase
efficiency and productivity, which can result in cost savings and increased profitability.

Increase customer satisfaction: CIP helps organizations meet and exceed customer expectations by
continuously improving products and services. By understanding customer needs and preferences,
organizations can develop products and services that meet their expectations and improve customer
satisfaction.

Foster innovation: CIP encourages employees to identify and implement new ideas and technologies
that can improve products, services, and processes. By fostering a culture of innovation, organizations
can stay ahead of their competition and improve their bottom line.

Improve quality: CIP emphasizes the importance of identifying and eliminating defects and errors in
products and services. By improving quality, organizations can reduce costs associated with rework and
warranty claims, and improve customer satisfaction.

Increase employee engagement: CIP encourages employee involvement in the process of improvement.
By involving employees in the process, organizations can improve employee engagement, motivation,
and job satisfaction.

8, what are the advantages and disadvantages of kizen or continuous improvement

process (CIP)?

Kaizen or Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) is a methodology used by businesses

to continuously improve their operations, products, and services. It involves making
incremental changes and improvements to processes and systems over time to achieve
better results.

Advantages of Kaizen/CIP:

Increased Efficiency: Kaizen helps to identify inefficiencies in business processes and

work to eliminate them. This leads to increased efficiency and productivity, as well as
cost savings.

Continuous Improvement: Kaizen promotes a culture of continuous improvement,

where everyone is encouraged to find ways to make improvements, no matter how
small.
Improved Quality: By continuously improving processes, products, and services, quality
is improved over time, leading to increased customer satisfaction.

Employee Engagement: Kaizen encourages employees to get involved in the

improvement process, which leads to increased engagement and a sense of ownership
in the business.

Cost Savings: By eliminating waste and inefficiencies, Kaizen leads to cost savings, which
can be reinvested into the business.

Disadvantages of Kaizen/CIP:

Time-consuming: Kaizen requires a significant investment of time and resources to

implement and maintain. It can be challenging to keep up with the constant
improvements.

Resistance to Change: Some employees may be resistant to change, making it difficult to

implement Kaizen successfully.

Lack of Direction: Without a clear direction or goals, Kaizen can become aimless and
lead to too many small improvements that do not add up to significant progress.

Overemphasis on Small Improvements: While small improvements are essential, too

much emphasis on them can lead to neglecting significant improvements that could
make a more significant impact.
 Costly Mistakes: Some improvements may not have the desired effect or could have
unintended consequences, which can be costly for the business.

Overall, Kaizen or Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) has many benefits for
businesses, but it requires careful planning, implementation, and monitoring to be
successful

9, state the role of just-in-time (JIT) in continuous improvement process (CIP)?

Just-In-Time (JIT) is a production strategy that aims to improve efficiency and eliminate waste in
the manufacturing process. It involves producing and delivering products only when they are
needed, which helps to minimize inventory and reduce costs. JIT can play an essential role in
the Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) by providing the following benefits:

Identifying Waste: JIT emphasizes the importance of eliminating waste from the manufacturing
process. This helps to identify areas where improvements can be made, leading to a more
streamlined and efficient production process.

Improving Quality: JIT also emphasizes the importance of producing high-quality products. By
reducing waste and improving efficiency, the manufacturing process can be optimized to
produce high-quality products consistently.

Reducing Lead Time: JIT focuses on reducing lead time, which is the time between when an
order is received and when the product is delivered. By reducing lead time, the production
process becomes more responsive to customer needs, which can lead to increased customer
satisfaction.

Continuous Improvement: JIT is a continuous improvement process itself, which makes it a

good fit for CIP. The focus on eliminating waste and improving efficiency leads to a culture of
continuous improvement, which can help to drive innovation and competitiveness.
Cost Reduction: JIT helps to reduce inventory costs, as products are produced and delivered
only when they are needed. This can help to reduce overall production costs, which can be
reinvested in the business or passed on to customers in the form of lower prices.

Overall, JIT can play an important role in CIP by providing a framework for identifying waste,
improving quality, reducing lead time, and fostering a culture of continuous improvement

10, are they similaror different both lean manufacturing and six sigma in kayzen philosophy
or continuous improvement process(C

Both Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma are methodologies that can be used in
conjunction with the Kaizen philosophy or Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) to
drive improvements in business operations. While they share some similarities, they
also have significant differences.

Lean Manufacturing is a production philosophy that aims to eliminate waste and

increase efficiency in the manufacturing process. It emphasizes continuous
improvement and involves the use of tools such as Value Stream Mapping, Just-In-Time
(JIT) production, and Kanban. Lean Manufacturing focuses on reducing waste in all areas
of the business, including production, inventory management, and process flow.

Six Sigma, on the other hand, is a data-driven methodology that aims to reduce defects
and variability in business processes. It emphasizes the use of statistical tools and
techniques to identify and eliminate the root causes of defects. Six Sigma has a strong
focus on measurement and analysis, and it uses a structured approach to problem-
solving called DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control).

While Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma have different approaches, they can
complement each other in the pursuit of continuous improvement. Lean Manufacturing
can help to identify waste and inefficiencies in the manufacturing process, while Six
Sigma can help to identify and eliminate defects that may be causing quality issues.
In summary, both Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma can be used in conjunction with
the Kaizen philosophy or Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) to drive improvements
in business operations. While they have different approaches, they can complement
each other to achieve the common goal of continuous improvement.