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LABORATORY
OBJECTIVES:
After this lesson, you will be able:
3). To study the relations between line to line parameters and phase parameters.
KEYWORDS:
Δ-connection, Y-connection, voltage ratios, current ratios, voltampere capacity and short-
circuit currents.
1.1) INTRODUCTION:
Generally, in electric power systems the loads are distributed as evenly as is practical
between the phases. It is usual practice to discuss a balanced system first and then
describe the effects of unbalanced systems as deviations from the elementary case.
Since we have shown that the neutral current is zero we can see that removing the neutral
core will have no effect on the circuit, provided the system is balanced. In reality such
connections are generally used only when the load on the three phases is part of the same
piece of equipment (for example a three-phase motor), as otherwise switching loads and
slight imbalances would cause large voltage fluctuations.
Practical systems rarely have perfectly balanced loads, currents, voltages or impedances
in all three phases. The analysis of unbalanced cases is greatly simplified by the use of
the techniques of symmetrical components. An unbalanced system is analyzed as the
superposition of three balanced systems, each with the positive, negative or zero
sequence of balanced voltages
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2.0) EXPERIMENT 1
2.2) Measure the current and the voltage in a balanced star connection with resistors and
without neutral conductor connected.
2.3) PROCEDURE
V LL IL VP IP P P =V P x I P P tot = P P x 3
V A V A W W
L1 – L2 L1
L2 – L3 L2
L3 – L1 L3
Average
3) Calculate the individual phase powers PP and the total power Ptot for the resistors
in star connection. Enter the values on the chart
V LL IL VP IP P P =V P x I P P tot = P P x 3
V A V A W W
L1 – L2 L1
L2 – L3 L2
L3 – L1 L3
Average
6) Measure the voltage between the star point St and the neutral conductor. Enter the
values on the chart.
7) Calculate the individual phase powers PP and the total power Ptot for the resistors
in star connection. Enter the values on the chart.
9) Compare the phase-current value with the line-current value of a balanced star
connection without neutral conductor connected.
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3.0) EXPERIMENT 2
3.2) Measure the current and the voltage in a balanced and in unbalanced delta
connection with resistors.
3.3) PROCEDURE
1) Establish the connection according to the current diagram.
3) Calculate the individual phase powers PP and the total power Ptot for the balanced
delta connection of resistors. Enter the values on the chart
5) Measure the conductor currents, the phase voltages and the phase currents one
after the other. Enter the values on the chart.
6) Calculate the individual phase powers PP and the total power Ptot of the
connection. Enter the values on the chart.
7) Give the ratio of the line-current value and the phase-current value in a balanced
delta connection with resistor.
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1. A balanced three phase load with 223 Ω per phase in delta connection is
connected to a 230 V (Δ) three phase transformer, what is the phase current that
flows through each load.
2. A balanced three phase load with 450 Ω per phase in wye connection is connected
to a 415 V (Y) secondary winding transformer, VL. What is the voltage across
each load?
Explain the results obtained from modified circuit in Star and Delta connection.
(20 MARKS)