Def Stan 00-35 Part 1 (Issue 4) - Environmental Handbook

Ministry of Defence
Defence Standard 00-35
Issue 4 Publication Date 18 Sept 2006
Environmental Handbook for Defence Materiel

Part 1
Control and Management
DEF STAN 00-35 Part 1 Issue 4
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Contents
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO THIS STANDARD

Chapter 1-01 Content and Contract Use
Chapter 1-02 Scope and Application
Chapter 1-03 Related Standards
SECTION 2 CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT

Chapter 2-01 Control and Management Process
Chapter 2-02 Process Documentation
Chapter 2-03 Tailoring Processes
SECTION 3 PROCUREMENT OPTIONS

Chapter 3-01 Introduction
Chapter 3-02 Procurement against an Overall Technical Requirement
Chapter 3-03 Procurement against an Environmental Requirement
Chapter 3-04 Procurement against an Environmental Test Specification
Chapter 3-05 Procurement as an Off-The-Shelf Purchase
SECTION 4 RELATED TEST TYPES AND PROCESSES

Chapter 4-01 Related Test Types and Processes
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Foreword
AMENDMENT RECORD
Amd No Date Text Affected Signature and Date
REVISION NOTE
This standard is raised to Issue 4 to update its content.
HISTORICAL RECORD
This standard supersedes the following:
AvP35 - Environmental Handbook for Guided Weapons - 1966 to 1974
DEF 133 - Climatic, Shock and Vibration Testing of Service Equipment - 1963
DEF STAN 00-1 - 1969
DEF STAN 07-55 - Environmental Testing of Service Materiel - 1975
STANAG 2831 - 1977
Defence Standard 00-35 Issue 3
a) This standard provides requirements for the environmental conditions experienced by defence materiel
in service.
b) This standard has been produced on behalf of the Defence Material Standardization Committee (DMSC)
by the Joint Technical Requirements Committee (JTRC). The JTRC is composed of representatives
from the Ministry of Defence and industry. The principal technical contributors to the Environmental Sub-
Committee team were experts from the following organisations: British Aerospace Systems, CAe SST,
Defence Ordnance Safety Group (DOSG), INSYS (Lockheed Martin UK), Kent Engineering Services
(KES), MBDA (Stevenage), The Environmental Test Centre (QinetiQ), The MET Office, OB, DefPkg
(DLO) and SDE. A number of other individuals not represented by the principal companies have also
been involved and their work is also appreciated. The principal authors were DOSG, CAe SST, ETC,
INSYS and KES and the Met Office. Significant assistance was also provided by DStan to aid
publication of this substantial volume.
c) This standard has been agreed by the authorities concerned with its use and is intended to be used
whenever relevant in all future designs, contracts, orders etc. and whenever practicable by amendment
to those already in existence. If any difficulty arises which prevents application of the Defence Standard,
UK Defence Standardization (DStan) shall be informed so that a remedy may be sought.
d) Any enquiries regarding this standard in relation to an invitation to tender or a contract in which it is
incorporated are to be addressed to the responsible technical or supervising authority named in the
invitation to tender or contract.
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e) Compliance with this Defence Standard shall not in itself relieve any person from any legal obligations
imposed upon them.
f) This standard has been devised solely for the use of the Ministry of Defence (MOD) and its contractors
in the execution of contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the MOD hereby excludes all
liability whatsoever and howsoever arising (including, but without limitation, liability resulting from
negligence) for any loss or damage however caused when the standard is used for any other purpose.
Users of this Standard are reminded that it is their responsibility to ensure the safety of personnel and
equipment when using procedures or severities defined in this standard.
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Introduction
This Defence Standard contains environmental descriptions, a range of tests procedures and default test
severities representing conditions which may be encountered during the life of defence materiel. The
environmental descriptions can be used to aid the selection of test methods and test severities to simulate
the service, storage and transportation environments for the materiel. The results of trials incorporating
appropriate test from this standard will provide supporting evidence to be used in the assessment of the
ability of Defence materiel to meet the specified environmental requirements.
Defence Standard 00-35 is in six parts. More than one part may apply to the environmental requirement and
may cross reference to other parts of the Defence Standard. It is essential that all parts be considered and
used where appropriate. A brief description of the six parts to this standard is presented in Part 1
Chapter 1-01. The principal changes from the previous edition are as follows:
Part 1 has been updated to account for new procurement procedures implemented since the previous issue.
Some simplification and improved guidance on the remainder of the Standard has also been undertaken.
Part 2 is completely new and provides guidance on the derivation of environmental trials programmes to be
used in materiel type approval tests or assessment campaigns. It also presents a series of idealised generic
usage profiles to aid in the definition of user requirement documents and system requirement documents.
Part 3 now includes all mechanical and climatic test severities, including those previously presented in
Part 5 of this Standard. It has also been substantially updated and has a number of new test procedures.
Additional guidance has been added on jigs, fixtures vibration & shock control and failure modes, and a
glossary of terms has been included.
Part 4 has been modified to include updated climatic maps.
Part 5 has been simplified by the removal of test severities and updated to reflect new information and test
tailoring and assessment techniques.
Part 6 has not been amended at this time.
In accordance with HM Government policy the maximum use has been made in this Standard of information
published in British Standards and internationally agreed standards. Where these standards are suitable
they are invoked in this Standard. Many of the test methods contained in this standard are directly related to
those in CENELEC standard EN 60068 (IEC 68 series) via: BS EN 60068 (converted from BS 2011), which
are technically identical, or from STANAG 4370 and it’s associated AECTPs.
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Chapter 1-01
Environmental Handbook for Defence Materiel - Part 1 - Control

and Management
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO THIS STANDARD

Chapter 1-01
Content and Contract Use
1 Scope
The standard comprises six parts, with each part divided into sections and chapters. The six Parts are:
PART 1 - Control and Management
Part 1 contains the general introduction for the use of the complete standard. It also provides guidance on
the control and management of the total environmental engineering task. The focus of this guidance is a
process which can accommodate different procurement strategies and a range of test types including
acceptance, safety and reliability testing. The content and layout of the documentation that underpins the
control and management process is also explained.
PART 2 - Environmental Trials Programme Derivation and Assessment Methodologies
Part 2 provides guidance on the derivation of environmental trials programmes to be used in materiel type
approval tests or assessment campaigns for the purpose of demonstrating compliance against
environmental requirements. It includes a process for developing a sequential test programme and presents
a series of idealised generic usage profiles. It also provides links to related processes for evaluating the
ability of materiel to meet extended life requirements.
PART 3 - Environmental Test Methods
Part 3 provides a series of environmental test methods for use during the design, development and
acceptance of defence materiel. It includes sections covering test methods for mechanical, climatic, chemical
and biological, and accident and hostile environments. The test methods are presented in a prescriptive and
mandatory style so that they can be readily invoked by the user of this standard. As far as has been possible
the test methods included are those internationally agreed and published, such as those in CENELEC
Standard EN 60068 (converted from IEC 68) and NATO STANAG 4370.
PART 4 - Natural Environments
Part 4 provides guidance on the specification of natural climatic environments to be anticipated in Service. It
also provides general information and guidance on climatic conditions that occur naturally; that is, those
generated by the forces of nature, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, rain, dust and sand. As far as
has been possible the information included is internationally agreed and published in NATO documents,
such as AECTP 200 Leaflet 2311 (STANAG 4370).
PART 5 - Induced Mechanical Environments
Part 5 provides information on induced mechanical environments that materiel may experience as a result of
deployment on various host platforms such as ships and aircraft, and/or by its mode of transportation and
storage. It also provides guidance on data gathering techniques that can be used to characterise the
environment likely to be experienced by materiel. Guidance is also provided on test tailoring methods. As far
as has been possible, the information included is internationally agreed and published in NATO STANAGs
such as STANAG 4370.
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Chapter 1-01
PART 6 - Induced Climatic, Chemical and Biological Environments
Part 6 provides information and guidance on those climatic, chemical and biological environments that are
induced in materiel; that is, those generated by the materiel's exposure to climatic, chemical and biological
environments arising from its configuration, and/or its deployment on various host platforms such as ships
and aircraft, and/or by its mode of transportation and storage. As far as has been possible, the information
included is internationally agreed and published in NATO STANAGs such as STANAG 4370.
2 Warning
The Ministry of Defence (MOD), like its contractors, is subject to both United Kingdom and European laws
regarding Health and Safety at Work. All Defence Standards either directly or indirectly invoke the use of
processes and procedures that could be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. Defence
Standards or their use in no way absolves users from complying with statutory and legal requirements
relating to Health and Safety at Work.
3 Normative references
There are no specifically related documents. Related standards are the subject of Chapter 1-03. Some
interfacing Defence Standards are identified in Chapter 1-02.
4 Contract use of this standard
4.1 As a handbook this standard primarily contains guidance material. Nevertheless, when this standard,
or an extract of this standard, is invoked by contract, any content presented in a prescriptive or mandatory
style may not be departed from without the agreement of the procurement authority. Moreover, should a
particular contract require certain extracts from this standard to be made mandatory, those extracts are to be
specifically identified in the contract documentation. Recommendations are expected to be followed unless
there is a justifiable reason to do otherwise. If this standard is invoked by contract without reservation, then
the principles and recommendations contained in the control and management process set out in Part 1 are
to be followed. The use of any part of the standard implies the adoption of Part 1 Section 1 of this standard.
4.2 When specific parts of this standard are invoked by contract the following statements are deemed to
apply:
Part 1: The guidance in this part is to be used as the basis for undertaking the environmental engineering
aspects of the materiel project. In particular, the guidance is to be used to generate a control and
management strategy for conducting the environmental engineering tasks.
Part 2: The relevant processes in this part are to be used as the basis for establishing Service usage profiles
and test sequences.
Part 3: The environmental tests required to support the acceptance of the materiel into Service are to be
selected from the test methods provided in this part of the standard. The selection of the tests is to be based
on the guidance provided in Part 1 and also where relevant in Parts 4, 5 and 6 of this standard. The
selected tests are to be conducted strictly in accordance with the procedures specified in Part 3 of this
standard. In common with other standards defining similar procedures the tests are presented in a
prescriptive style.
Part 4: The guidance in this part is intended to be used as the basis for specifying the natural climatic
environments in which the materiel is required to survive and operate. The guidance is also to be used as
the basis for establishing the characteristics and limit conditions of the natural and induced environments for
materiel when subjected to transportation, storage, deployment and use conditions. Further, this guidance is
to be used to select the most relevant test methods from Part 3 of this standard and their associated test
severities.
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Chapter 1-01
Part 5: The guidance in this part is to be used as the basis for establishing the characteristics and limit
conditions of the mechanical induced environments for materiel when subjected to transportation, storage,
deployment and use conditions. This guidance is also to be used to select the most relevant test methods
from Part 3 of this standard and their associated test severities.
Parts 6: The guidance in this part is to be used as the basis for establishing the characteristics and limit
conditions of the climatic induced environments for materiel when subjected to transportation, storage,
deployment and use conditions. This guidance is also to be used to select the most relevant test methods
from Part 3 of this standard and their associated test severities.
4.3 It is recommended that for reference purposes all pages removed by amendment action should be
retained in numerical order.
4.4 In the interests of minimising the efforts required to trace the content of earlier versions of this
standard (e.g. when materiel needs to be tested to an earlier standard), amendments to test methods and
associated test severities will be kept to a minimum, consistent with the aims of this standard to provide
users with a comprehensive series of best practice and cost effective test methods.
5 Terms and Definitions

The terms in this standard associated with vibration and shock are derived from BS EN 60068, converted
from BS 2011, or BS 3015, except for those defined in Annex A to this chapter and those defined in
Chapter 1-06 of Part 3.
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Annex A
Annex A
Terms and Definitions
A.1 Environments
A.1.1 Environment: The aggregate of all conditions and influences to which materiel is subjected.
A.1.2 Natural Environment: Those environmental conditions which are generated by the forces of
nature.
A.1.3 Induced Environment: Those environmental conditions which are either man made or generated
by the materiel.
A.2 Description of Materiel
A.2.1 For convenience in this standard materiel may be subdivided into systems, subsystems, units or
assemblies and parts. However, in most cases it will be appropriate, because of the nature of the subject
being discussed, to use either materiel or equipment to refer to the complete entity.
A.2.2 System: A system is a combination of subsystems and/or items organised to perform a specified
function or functions.
A.2.3 Subsystem: A subsystem is defined as a group of assemblies, designed together to form a major
part of a system, complete in its own right performing a specific function or functions; for example a radar
scanner within a radar system.
A.2.4 Unit or Assembly: A unit or assembly is defined as any part which is less than a subsystem, but
whose performance can be independently assessed in terms of the overall performance of the subsystem.
A.2.5 Parts and Components: A part or component is any item incapable of useful function at a lower
level of assembly. Parts may be electronic, electrical, mechanical, explosive, optical, etc.
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Chapter 1-01
Annex A
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Chapter 1-02
Chapter 1-02
Scope and Application
1 Scope
1.1 The guidance and information contained in this standard is structured to cover environmental
conditions that are relevant to the complete life of an item of defence materiel; i.e. from leaving its place of
manufacture to the end of its Service use or disposal. Nevertheless, this standard cannot be expected to be
exhaustive in its treatment of all environments, some of which require considerably detailed analysis before
they can be characterised effectively. The depth of treatment for some environments or related matter may
have been determined by the availability of information on the subject, in conjunction with its importance in
the light of contemporary environmental engineering problems. Although environments and their effects are
covered in some detail in this standard, methods for minimising degradation of performance or reliability are
only specifically addressed in Part 4 for natural environments.
1.2 The guidance contained in this standard covers any method of procurement having an influence on
environmental engineering and testing between the two extremes given below:
a) The procurement authority specifies the host platforms, the regions of the world for operational use, and
the modes of transport and storage. In this case the supplier is required to determine and verify the
environmental conditions, and to select and conduct the relevant tests.
b) The procurement authority specifies the relevant test methods to be conducted, together with the
associated test severities covering, for example, temperature, pressure, humidity, vibration and shock
conditions. In these circumstances the procurement authority is responsible for the definition of the
environmental conditions.
In addition this standard provides guidance on environmental engineering aspects associated with the
procurement of 'off the shelf' materiel.
1.3 The guidance contained in this standard covers any environmental engineering control and
management strategy that falls between the two extremes given below:
a) The severities for the critical environments to which an individual item of defence materiel is to be
subjected are measured and the materiel is designed and tested to meet those critical and other
environments. This strategy is particularly suited to sensitive materiel intended for use on one platform
type or in one climatic region.
b) The materiel is designed and tested to a series of 'minimum integrity' environmental test methods and
severities quoted in this standard. This strategy is particularly suited to materiel where a significant
measure of over-design can be tolerated, and is usually applicable to materiel intended for use on
several host platform types and/or climatic regions.
1.4 Certain paragraphs in this standard may indicate situations in which an environment is likely to occur
and suggest possible applications for a test. The examples quoted therein are in no way mandatory.
2 Application
2.1 This standard addresses the needs of the following users of environmental engineering and testing
information. They are those users:
a) Involved in the preparation of the operational environmental requirements for the User Requirement
Document and/or the System Requirement Document.
b) Responsible for compiling Environmental Requirement documents or undertaking compliance

evaluations.
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Chapter 1-02
c) Responsible for specification of environmental testing to demonstrate compliance with the Environmental
Requirement.
2.2 The standard describes both natural and induced environments and related environmental tests for all
defence materiel with the exception of those associated with:
a) Electronic components which are subject to different testing concepts and are covered by British
Standard BS EN 60068 (converted from BS 2011).
b) Materiel for deployment in space.
2.3 British Standard BS EN 60068 (converted from BS 2011) contains environmental tests and is directly
linked to CENELEC Standard EN 60068. Where BS EN 60068 contains a test method which is suitable for
use with defence materiel it is invoked by this standard. Where a BS EN 60068 test method is generally
suitable but requires more guidance for application to defence materiel then this standard invokes the BS EN
60068 test method and provides the necessary information.
2.4 The application of this standard to certain types of materiel is governed by publications relevant to that
materiel. For such materiel the appropriate governing publications are to be read in conjunction with this
standard. These governing publications are:
a) DEF STAN 00-970 for aircraft equipment.
b) DEF STAN 81-41 for general packaging.
c) DEF STAN 07-85 for weapons and associated systems.
d) DEF STAN 08-8 for packaging of explosives and ammunition.
e) JSP 520 for ordnance, munitions and explosives.
2.5 This standard has been compiled for the derivation of environmental conditions and the specification of
tests for use during the design, development and deployment of defence materiel. Nonetheless, much of the
content of this standard may have application for the specification, development or production of equipment
outside the scope envisaged. However, no responsibility is implied or accepted for such use, and the Crown
will not be liable in any way whatever (including but without limitation negligence on the part of the Crown its
servants or agents) where the standard is used for other purposes.
2.6 When munitions or other devices containing energetic materials are subjected to the test methods
contained in this standard, they may react with violence, varying from burning to detonation, or some may
even become propulsive. When testing such munitions or devices, it is the responsibility of the Test Site
Safety Officer to ensure the safety of personnel before, during and after the test. In particular, the safety
precautions adopted shall provide adequate protection to personnel and, where appropriate, to buildings and
facilities in the vicinity of the test site.
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Chapter 1-03
Chapter 1-03
Related Standards
1 General
1.1 The related standards recorded in this standard are those applicable at the date of publication.
Reference in this standard to another standard implies the latest issue and latest amendment.
1.2 The procurement authority is responsible for the supply of information concerning any changes that
may be necessary following cancellation, replacement or amendment of related standards. Nonetheless, it is
recommended that all users of this standard check the status and application of any related standard that
they need to invoke.
1.3 For tender submission or contract acceptance purposes, the issue and amendment state of standards
to which the tender or contract refers is that current at the date when the tender was issued or the contract
offered.
1.4 It should be noted that each chapter lists the standards called up in that chapter. Moreover, Parts 4, 5
and 6 of this standard list other publications for further reference or reading at the end of each chapter.
2 Implementation of Agreements
This standard implements, or is in the process of implementing, appropriate ratified NATO STANAGs. These
documents are identified in Annex A to this chapter.
3 Acquisition of Related Standards
3.1 Standards can be obtained from the normal source, but certain documents are only released to those
who, in the opinion of the custodian, are required to have them. The majority of the related standards
referred to in this standard are Defence Standards and British Standards. These can be obtained from the
following sources:
British Standards British Standards Institution

Sales Department
389 Chiswick High Road
LONDON W4 4AL
Tel: 020 8996 9000
Defence Standards UK Defence Standardisation

Kentigern House
65 Brown Street
GLASGOW G2 8EX
Tel: 0141 224 2503
3.2 All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant MOD
Invitation to Tender or Contract Number and date, together with the sponsoring Directorate and the Tender
or Contract Sponsor.
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Chapter 1-03
Annex A
Annex A
Implementation of NATO STANAGS
A.1 Status
A.1.1 The following NATO STANAGs are implemented by this standard:
⎯ STANAG 4240: Liquid fuel fire tests for munitions
⎯ STANAG 4241: Bullet attack test for munitions
⎯ STANAG 4375: Safety drop test for munitions
⎯ STANAG 4382: Slow heating tests for munitions
⎯ STANAG 4396: Sympathetic reaction munition test.
A.1.2 The following STANAGs are in the process of being implemented:
⎯ STANAG 4370: Environmental conditions and test procedures
⎯ STANAG 4570: Ability of materiel to meet extended life requirements.
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Chapter 1-03
Annex A
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Chapter 2-01
SECTION 2 CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT

Chapter 2-01
Control and Management Process
1 Introduction to the Process
1.1 This chapter sets out a structured process for the control and management of environmental
engineering tasks including environmental testing. The aim of the process is to ensure that all environmental
aspects are properly identified and adequately addressed before the materiel is accepted for Service use.
The process is compatible with the MOD Acquisition Management System and is considered best practice
within the MOD and the UK defence industry.
1.2 Compliance with this environmental control and management process will ensure that the materiel
acceptance process takes full account of environmental considerations. The process should not impose any
additional constraints on an existing materiel acceptance process, provided that the existing process takes
reasonable account of environmental considerations. The process is deliberately structured to be part of the
broader based engineering integrity (or design certification) process.
1.3 The objectives of the environmental control and management process are those that can be adopted
for any task control and management process, and may be listed as follows:
a) Ensure that concise and unambiguous requirements are defined.
b) Ensure that a strategy is in place for undertaking the task.
c) Ensure that the task is adequately defined and managed.
d) Ensure that a mechanism exists for demonstrating compliance with the requirements.
1.4 These objectives are translated and developed to form the basic elements of the process. The
elements are described as follows:
a) Establish the environmental requirements for the materiel.
b) Formulate a strategy for demonstrating the adequacy of the materiel against the environmental
requirements.
c) Define the environmental tasks and the programme necessary to allow the strategy to be implemented.
d) Undertake the defined environmental tasks to the authorised work programme.
e) Demonstrate, through assessment of the reported information generated by the environmental tasks,
that the materiel meets the environmental requirements.
1.5 The environmental control and management process is supported by a series of documents. The
relationship between the process and the associated supporting documents is indicated within this chapter.
However, the purpose and content of each document is set out in Chapter 2-02.
1.6 The environmental control and management process and its documentation interface directly with the
overall engineering integrity or design certification process. In particular, the inputs to the environmental
control and management process are derived directly from requirements emanating from the engineering
integrity process. Moreover, the outputs from the environmental control and management process integrate
directly into the engineering integrity process evaluating the suitability of the materiel for Service use. The
relationship between the environmental control and management process and the engineering integrity
process is described in Annex A to this chapter.
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Chapter 2-01
1.7 Materiel development programmes are often segmented to reduce development risk. The
segmentation involves dividing the life cycle for the materiel into well defined phases. The segmentation
adopted by the MOD Acquisition Management System (AMS) is indicated in Figure 1. The environmental
control and management process is centred on the Demonstration phase but is adaptable in less rigorous
form to suit the Concept and Assessment phases defined in the AMS. The process is compatible with the
AMS overarching requirement and acceptance logic and is summarised in Figure 2.
1.8 The environmental control and management process is compatible with JSP 520 - Ordnance
munitions and explosives safety management system. It is also compatible with the lower level test and
assessment documentation defined in STANAG 4370 AECTP 100 Environmental Guidelines for Defence
Materiel. However, the culture reflected in the higher level documentation of NATO document AECTP 100 is
incompatible with that adopted for this environmental control and management process.
2 The Process and its Supporting Documentation
2.1 The basic elements of the environmental control and management process, as set out in sub-
paragraph 1.4, are shown in Figure 3. The figure also presents as a flow diagram the key environmental
documents that support the process. The process and its supporting documentation are closely related, such
that the steps of the process can be explained by summarising the aims of the key documents.
2.2 The process of defining the environmental requirements for the materiel involves the generation of an
Environmental Requirement document, which establishes the environmental baseline against which the
materiel will be designed and ultimately accepted into Service use. The environmental requirements are a
set of environmental characteristics representing each phase of the materiel’s life as defined in its
Manufacture to Target or Disposal Sequence (MTDS). The Environmental Requirement document is also
known as the Life Cycle Environmental Profile or the Environmental Definition Document.
2.3 The strategy demonstrating the adequacy of the materiel against the environmental requirements is
set out in the Environmental Management Plan. This plan uses the Environmental Requirement as the
primary input to set out how compliance for each major environmental requirement is to be achieved. The
Environmental Management Plan is linked to the overarching Integrated Test Evaluation and Assessment
Plan (ITEAP) and provides up-front visibility of the total acceptance task. The major features of the
Environmental Management Plan include the series of rationales to be adopted and descriptions of the major
tasks to be undertaken to achieve cost effective compliance with the requirements.
2.4 The definition of the environmental tasks and programmes that implement the environmental
management strategy results in two documents, namely, the Environmental Test and Compliance
Programme and the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification. The former defines the sequence
and timing of the environmental tasks to ensure that a Compliance Statement is available on time for each
condition specified in the Environmental Requirement, whilst the latter defines the environmental tests and
assessments that will provide the evidence for the Compliance Statements.
2.5 To ensure effective control and management of the individual environmental engineering tasks the key
documentation shown in Figure 3 generally requires to be augmented. The disposition of the subsidiary
documentation within the process is indicated in Figure 4. The subsidiary documentation includes
Environmental Test Instructions that expand and supplement for a specific test the broad requirements of the
Environmental Test and Assessment Specification. The outputs from a specific test are set out in Test
Reports and Test Assessments that report respectively, compliance with the requirements of the
Environmental Test Instruction, and the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification.
2.6 A feature of the process is that each requirement or specification document demands a reporting
document demonstrating compliance. For example, the Test Report responds to the Test instruction, the
Test Assessment responds to the Test Specification and the Compliance Statement responds to the
Environmental Requirement.
2.7 Assessing compliance against an Environmental Requirement may take one of several forms, but in
practice it is likely to take one of the four options depicted in Table 1. The four options are test only, test plus
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Chapter 2-01
supporting analytical assessment, analytical assessment plus supporting test or analytical assessment only.
A close simulation, often referred to as a tailored test, usually minimises the risk that the materiel will not
function in the operational environment. Nevertheless, there may be many reasons, such as cost
effectiveness, programme expedience, earlier precedents or engineering judgement that warrant the
selection of an alternative technically acceptable option. The outcome of this assessment process is a
Compliance Statement.
2.8 The environmental control and management process enables effective interfaces with the higher levels
of project specific documentation. This aspect is evident from the flow diagram in Figure 4 where only simple
links are necessary to describe the inputs to, and the outputs from, the environmental elements of the higher
level project specific documentation such as the System Requirement Document (SRD). Relationships with
the Integrated Test Evaluation and Acceptance Plan (ITEAP) and the Verification Validation Requirements
Matrix (VVRM) are indicated in Annex A to this chapter.
2.9 The process requires that the environmental conditions that could significantly influence the design of
the materiel are verified during the course of the development programme. This requirement is achieved with
the aid of an Environmental Verification Plan, depicted in Figure 4, which contains a strategy and
programme for confirming design related environmental characteristics and severities.
2.10 The extent to which each document depicted in Figure 4 will exist as a separate document is largely a
function of the scale and complexity of a specific project. For projects where there are few perceived
technical and programme risks, certain documents may be sensibly merged together provided that the basic
elements of the process, as set out in sub-paragraph 1.4, are fully embodied in any reduced set of
documents. However, it is strongly recommended that the key documents depicted in Figure 3 should exist
as separate documents even for relatively small projects.
2.11 The role of tailoring in the control and management process, to optimise and refine the environmental
tasks for the needs of a particular materiel, is presented in Chapter 2-03.
3 Impact of the Process on Related Issues
3.1 The basic elements forming the environmental control and management process are identical
regardless of the procurement strategy used to acquire the materiel. However, the procurement strategy
does affect the responsibilities of the participating agencies for the environmental engineering tasks. The
more commonly used procurement strategies and their influence on the apportionment of agency
responsibilities are addressed in Section 3.
3.2 As stated earlier, the environmental control and management process closely follows the materiel
engineering integrity or design certification process, and as such, tends to centre around Acceptance testing,
also known as type approval testing or qualification testing. However, other tasks also interact with the
control and management process, for example, tests in support of safety and reliability assessments. The
relationship between the environmental control and management process and the testing activities
undertaken for these other purposes is the subject of Section 4.
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Chapter 2-01
Initial Main ISD

Gate Gate
Concept Assessment Demonstration Manufacture In-Service Disposal
User Reguirements
System Requirements
= Main effort
= Effort
Figure 1 Materiel Programme Segmentation adopted by the MOD AMS
User Verification
Requirement Acceptance
Criteria into Service
Integration into
Operational Environ
System Acceptance System
Requirement Criteria Acceptance
Trade
offs
System Integration
Feedback on
cost, risk,
feasibility & time System
Design
Figure 2 Summary Requirement and Acceptance Logic adopted by the MOD AMS
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Chapter 2-01
Environmental
a: Establish Requirements Requirement
b: Formulate Strategy Environmental

Management Plan
Environmental Test Environmental Test

c: Define Tasks & & Compliance & Assessment
Work Programme Programme Specification
Acceptance
Tests
d: Undertake Defined Tasks
Test Assessments
e: Demonstrate
Compliance
Compliance
Statements
Figure 3 Basic elements of the environmental control and management process
17
Chapter 2-01
System Requirement
a: Establish Requirements Document (SRD)
Environmental Requirement
Environmental
Verification Plan
Environmental
b: Formulate Strategy Management Plan
c: Define Tasks and Environmental Test and

Work Programme Assessment Specification
Environmental Test & Environmental Inputs

Compliance Programme to Design Specifications
Environmental Test Functional

Instructions Performance Test
Specifications
d: Undertake Defined Acceptance Tests

Tasks
Design Process
Test Reports
(Against Test Instructions)
Test Assessments
(Against Test Specification)
Compliance Statements
(Against Environmental
Requirement)
e: Demonstrate Compliance
System Acceptance
(Compliance with SRD)
NOTE Dotted boxes indicate items that are not directly part of the process.
Figure 4 The complete environmental control and management process
18
Chapter 2-01
Table 1 Assessment options
Option Typical applications
Test only Applicable, for example, when the test is a close (or tailored)
simulation of a specific environmental requirement.
In such cases an assessment should already have demonstrated

that the test is a good simulation of the characteristics defined in
the environmental requirement.
Test plus supporting assessment Applicable, for example, when the test is a minimum integrity test.
In such cases an assessment will explain to what extent this

elementary test encompasses the characteristics defined in the
environmental requirement, and how any deficiencies have been
rectified.
Assessment plus supporting test Applicable, for example, when the results from testing coupon
specimens can be extrapolated to encompass an entire item of
materiel.
In such cases the assessment will provide the evidence that the
environmental requirement has been met.
Assessment only Applicable, for example, when testing is impractical or very

expensive and where safety aspects do not predominate.
In such cases the assessment will constitute the only evidence

that the environmental requirement has been met.
19
Chapter 2-01
Intentionally Blank
20
Chapter 2-01
Annex A
Annex A
Relationships between Environmental Control and Engineering Integrity
Processes
A.1 Introduction to the Engineering Integrity (Design Certification) Process
A.1.1 The environmental control process is structured to interface with the broader based engineering
integrity or design certification process. The purpose of this annex is to set out the basic elements of the
process commonly adopted for engineering integrity and to relate them with those for environmental control.
A.1.2 The objectives of engineering integrity are identical to those listed in sub-paragraph 1.3 of this
Chapter for environmental control. The corresponding set of basic elements for the engineering integrity
process is listed below:
a) Establish the overall technical requirements for the materiel.
b) Formulate a strategy for demonstrating the adequacy of the materiel against the overall technical
requirements.
c) Define the design and development tasks, and compile and authorise work programmes, that allow the
strategy to be implemented.
d) Undertake the defined design and development tasks in accordance with authorised work programmes.
e) Demonstrate, through assessment of the reported information generated by the design and development
tasks, that the materiel meets the overall technical requirements.
The elements are directly comparable with those in sub-paragraph 1.4 of this chapter for environmental
control.
A.2 The Engineering Integrity Process and its Supporting Documentation
A.2.1 The engineering integrity process (as reflected in Defence Standards 05-123) requires the
generation of specific documentation, the contents of which are required to demonstrate that sufficient
integrated test, evaluation and assessment work has been undertaken to permit the materiel to be accepted
as suitable for Service use. The strategy behind the process is that the overall technical requirements for the
materiel are fully specified, which permits an evaluation of the evidence to ensure that the materiel is
compliant with these requirements. Demonstrating that the materiel conforms with the requirements is
usually achieved by a series of compliance matrices and an acceptance procedure. A strategic plan and a
programme are also required to control and manage the tasks leading to compliance and acceptance.
A.2.2 The basic elements of the engineering integrity process are shown as a flow diagram in Figure A1.
The following statements summarise the aims of the key documents supporting the process:
User Requirements Document (URD): The URD is prepared and owned by the MOD Capability
Manager and consists of a complete set of individual user requirements. URDs are the means by which
the MOD Capability Manager develops, communicates and maintains the user's requirements
throughout the life of the materiel.
Systems Requirement Document (SRD): The SRD is prepared and owned by the MOD Integrated
Project Team (IPT) and defines what the materiel must do in terms of system engineering requirements
to meet user needs as stated in the URD. Together with the URD, it provides the basis for advising
21
Chapter 2-01
Annex A
industry of MOD's requirements. The SRD contains important technical details of the Service
requirements, Service life requirements, safety requirements and reliability requirements. For example, it
contains logistics and mission information, and details of the operational conditions in which the materiel
is to be stored, transported and deployed. The SRD is updated as required to reflect trade-off decisions
and approved materiel enhancements in response to changes in the URD.
Invitation-to-Tender (ITT): Depending upon the scope of the proposed contract on industry, the ITT will
reflect most if not all of the engineering requirements stated in the SRD.
Overall Technical Requirement: The Overall Technical Requirement is essentially the selected
contractor's response to the ITT and consequently can be considered as the contract version of the
SRD. This document is sometimes known as the System Technical Requirement Specification and is
often used to generate sub-system technical requirements and interfaces.
Integrated Test Evaluation Acceptance Plan (ITEAP): The ITEAP is a strategy document. It is
developed, owned and maintained by the IPT Leader, but elements may be contracted out to a supplier.
The ITEAP is the means by which the IPT develops, communicates and maintains the test, evaluation
and acceptance strategies.
ITEA Task Schedule: The ITEA Task Schedule is based on the strategy contained in the ITEAP and the
content of the System Requirement Document (or the Overall Technical Requirement). The Schedule is
compiled by the supplier and contains the major tasks that lead to the acceptance of the materiel. In
particular, it details the content of tasks that terminate in major achievement milestones, such as the
completion of an analysis, or a trial, or an assessment.
Engineering Test and Assessment Reports: These reports provide evidence that the engineering design
of the materiel is fit for purpose. A report contains an assessment, or a theoretical analysis, or an
engineering design validation test against a particular requirement.
Compliance Statements: Compliance Statements are compiled by the supplier against the Verification
Validation Requirements Matrix, also known as the Compliance Matrix. The statements demonstrate
compliance of the materiel with the System Requirement Document (or the Overall Technical
Requirement) and are usually based on summaries of the Engineering Test and Assessment Reports.
Acceptance Off-Contract: Prior to System Acceptance the contractual commitments on the supplier
need to be satisfied. This is often accomplished by means of a Design Certificate that acknowledges
that the materiel is fit for purpose and that contractual commitments have been met.
System Acceptance: The point at which the materiel is deemed to satisfy the requirements in the
System Requirement Document, including those that are independent of contract.
A.3 Comparison with the Environmental Control and Management Process
A.3.1 The basic elements of the environmental control and management process, in terms of the key
documents supporting the process, are shown as a flow diagram in Figure A2 alongside their equivalent
elements for the engineering integrity process. The figure demonstrates the similarity between the two
processes. For example, the key documentation for one process is either totally mirrored by the other, or it is
common to both processes. For many unsophisticated materiel development programmes, the
environmental documentation may simply form an integral sub-set of the engineering integrity
documentation.
22
Chapter 2-01
Annex A
System Requirement Document

(SRD)
a: Establish Requirements
Invitation-to-Tender
(ITT)
Overall Technical Requirement

(Contract based on ITT)
Integrated Test Evaluation

b: Formulate Strategy and Acceptance (ITEA) Plan
(Strategy document)
ITEA Task Schedule

c: Define Tasks and
(The basis of compliance evidence) Networked programme of
Work Programme
tasks & associated
resources
Engineering integrity Engineering Integrity

(design) reviews Process
d: Undertake
Engineering Test and
Defined Tasks
Assessments Reports
(Against ITEA tasks)
Compliance Statements -
as per the Verification
Validation Requirements Matrix (VVRM)
e: Demonstrate
Compliance
& Certify
Acceptance Off-Contract
(eg: Issue of Design Certificate)
System Acceptance -
Compliance with the SRD
Figure A1 The Engineering Integrity Process
23
Chapter 2-01
Annex A
System Requirement
Document
Invitation to Tender
a: Establish Requirements
Overall Technical
Environmental Requirement
Requirement
Integrated Test Evaluation Environmental Management

b: Formulate Strategy
and Acceptance Plan Plan
c: Define Tasks and Environmental Test and

ITEA Task Schedule
Work Programme Assessment Specification
Engineering Acceptance Tests

Integrity Process
d: Undertake Defined
Tasks
Engineering Test and
Test and Assessment Reports
Assessments Reports
e: Demonstrate Compliance Statements

Compliance
Acceptance Off-Contract
System Acceptance
Figure A2 Comparison of the Engineering Integrity and Environmental Control Processes
24
Chapter 2-02
Chapter 2-02
Process Documentation
1 Introduction
1.1 This chapter sets out the purpose and content of the project specific documents that support the
control and management process for environmental engineering tasks. The documents are shown in
Figure 4 of Chapter 2-01 as a process flow diagram. Additional guidance is presented in Annex A of this
chapter for users confronted with compiling one or more of these documents.
1.2 Documents such as the System Requirement Document or those covering System Acceptance are not
addressed in this chapter, because their content is not normally the responsibility of the environmental
engineering function. Nevertheless, the purposes of these documents are summarised in Annex A to
Chapter 2-01.
2 Environmental Requirement
2.1 The purpose of the Environmental Requirement document is to identify and define the characteristics,
severities and occurrence rates of all significant natural and induced environments and their combinations to
which the materiel may be subject during its Service life.
2.2 Environmental requirements are derived from the Manufacture to Target or Disposal Sequence
(MTDS), which in turn is an expansion of the materiel life cycle defined in the System Requirement
Document (SRD), see Chapter 2-01 Annex A. The MTDS is often linked to the Overall Technical
Requirement (sometimes produced as the System Technical Requirement Specification). The MTDS will
usually include transportation, storage, installation, deployment, maintenance, operation and
decommissioning of the materiel. Extensive guidance on generating environmental requirements from the
MTDS requirements is given in Parts 4, 5 and 6 of this standard. For relatively unsophisticated materiel the
environmental requirements may form part of the Overall Technical Requirement. However, the inclusion of
the environmental requirements within the Overall Technical Requirement is only recommended when the
environmental descriptions are unlikely to change during materiel development.
2.3 The Environmental Requirement document forms the environmental baseline for System Acceptance.
The document may form part of the contractual requirement for the materiel development programme and, in
such cases, it is particularly important that this document is both technically sound and complete. As such
the Environmental Requirement document will attract a wide range of users. The content is used by
designers to establish the extent to which the materiel is to be hardened against particular environments,
and by environmental engineers for setting environmental test requirements. It is used by project co-
ordination engineers involved in materiel acceptance to form the base line against which environmental
compliance assessments are undertaken. Information from the document is also used for reliability and
safety assessment purposes.
2.4 The compilation of the Environmental Requirement document should be completed during the materiel
Assessment Phase. It is important that the Environmental Requirement document is prepared in good time,
so that it can form the major input to the Environmental Management Plan which is used to control and
manage the total environmental engineering task, leading to acceptance for Service use. The document may
undergo a number of revisions as materiel development proceeds, because the precise definition of
environments induced in the materiel or initiated by the materiel may not be possible in the early stages of
materiel development. Consequently, initial estimates of these environments may need to be revised as the
design develops and when more detailed information becomes available from the environmental verification
programme.
25
Chapter 2-02
3 Environmental Management Plan
3.1 The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan is to set out how compliance with the
environmental requirements is to be achieved. This plan is a key strategic planning and control document for
the total environmental engineering task. The Environmental Management Plan is linked to the Integrated
Test Evaluation and Acceptance Plan (ITEAP); see Chapter 2-01 Annex A. For unsophisticated materiel the
two documents may be combined.
3.2 The Environmental Management Plan should be used by design engineers when compiling
environmental design specifications, systems engineers when compiling performance specifications and by
project engineers when setting up sub-system requirements specifications. It should also be used by
environmental engineers as the key strategic planning document when compiling the Environmental Test
and Assessment Specification, and when generating the Environmental Test Programme.
3.3 The Environmental Management Plan should be generated during the materiel Assessment Phase. As
the Environmental Management Plan is a strategy document, and is principally a statement of intent, it
should not require major revision at a later stage.
3.4 Knowledge of the ITEAP's content and the procurement strategy (addressed in Section 3), enables
the Environmental Management Plan to define the controls necessary for the identification and quantification
of any remaining environmental engineering risks, and the strategies required for their elimination. The
document should also contain the strategies necessary to deal with, for example, the selection of test types
and the major tests within each type, the derivation of test severities, the hardware assembly levels to be
tested, and the requirements for specialist test facilities.
4 Environment Verification Plan
4.1 The purpose of this document is to define a plan and programme for the confirmation of the
environmental characteristics and severities that are considered to be critical to the design of the materiel.
4.2 In most cases it is possible to specify the critical environments for design purposes at the start of the
development programme. However, as these estimates are usually based on data available from earlier
similar systems they may require verification for materiel acceptance purposes.
4.3 A plan to confirm severities is often necessary where the environment is influenced by the design of
the materiel itself. In such cases a project specific measurement programme will be required, particularly
where environmental characteristics may change as the design proceeds.
4.4 The Environmental Verification Plan is generated during the materiel Assessment Phase. For less
sophisticated materiel, it may be expedient to combine the Environmental Verification Plan with the
Environmental Management Plan.
5 Environmental Test and Compliance Programme
5.1 The purpose of the Environmental Test and Compliance Programme is to present details of the
sequence and timing of environmental engineering tasks to be undertaken as part of the materiel
Demonstration Phase. This programme often takes the form of a series of logic networks and provides the
basis for optimising testing and assessment tasks for maximum cost effectiveness.
5.2 The programme tasks and their sequence are derived from the control and management statements
contained in the Environmental Management Plan. The programme timescales should interface with those
for the overall project programme. The programme should encompass both the tests and the assessments
that must be completed to achieve compliance against the Environmental Requirement document.
26
Chapter 2-02
5.3 The programme should also include tests to be undertaken specifically for reliability, safety and life
assessment purposes (see Section 4). Encompassing such tests in the programme is encouraged as it
provides improved visibility of the complete programme and the activities leading to materiel; acceptance.
This visibility in turn provides further opportunity to optimise the test programme for improved cost
effectiveness.
5.4 Users of the Environmental Test and Compliance Programme include environmental engineers when
planning the sequence of tests; also the project management team when optimising test programmes. Other
users of the document include materiel designers, who need to supply hardware for testing purposes, and
test engineers who need to supply performance test equipment and test facilities.
5.5 The Environmental Test and Compliance Programme is generated during the materiel Assessment
Phase. The early generation of the Environmental Test and Compliance Programme is essential as the
document allows the cost estimates to be compiled for environmental (as well as reliability, safety and life
assessment) testing and associated assessments. The Environmental Test and Compliance Programme is
usually re-issued at regular intervals during the materiel development programme to reflect evolving project
progress. However, the logic of the programme usually remains essentially the same throughout.
6 Environmental Test and Assessment Specification
6.1 The purpose of the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification is to provide, in summary form
and in one document, the set of tests and assessments on which the acceptance of the materiel will be
based.
6.2 The content of the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification sets out the purpose and
objectives description of each test and assessment needed to provide evidence for the acceptance process.
The Environmental Test and Assessment Specification should also include summary descriptions to related
tests for reliability, safety and life assessment. It should also expand the rationales contained in the
Environmental Management Plan into specific task requirements. The test and assessment severities are
derived from information contained in the Environmental Requirement document.
6.3 The Environmental Test and Assessment Specification is used by the test specifier as the basis for
compiling individual Test Instructions. Wherever possible the test methods called up in the document should
be selected from those contained in Part 3 of this standard. The document will also be used by the project
management team to confirm that the strategy set out in the Environmental Management Plan has been
implemented.
6.4 The summary description for each test will include the test method to be adopted, the severities to be
applied and any other special requirements considered necessary, eg: the functional state of the materiel
during the test. Some of the tests may involve the application of combined environments.
6.5 The Environmental Test and Assessment Specification should be generated preferably prior to the
start of the materiel Demonstration Phase, when the Environmental Requirement document and the
Environmental Management Plan become available. As the Environmental Test and Assessment
Specification is the implementation of the strategy set out in the Environmental Management Plan, the
content of the document is unlikely to require extensive updating during the development of the materiel.
7 Environmental Test Instruction
7.1 The purpose of the Environmental Test Instruction document is to set out the precise and detailed
instructions necessary for laboratory staff to conduct a particular environmental test.
7.2 The content of the Environmental Test Instruction is based on the summary description for the
particular test contained in the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification.
27
Chapter 2-02
7.3 Guidance on the details to be specified in the Environmental Test Instruction, relating to the manner in
which the test is to be conducted, is given in the relevant test method such as that given in Part 3 of this
standard.
7.4 Users of the Environmental Test Instruction are laboratory staff conducting a particular environmental
test.
7.5 Where relevant the Environmental Test Instruction should reference its associated Functional
Performance Test Specification.
7.6 The Environmental Test Instruction should be generated well in advance of the scheduled date for the
test to permit any difficulties to be resolved prior to testing. It is recommended that this document is not
combined with other environmental control documents.
8 Functional Performance Test Specification
8.1 The purpose of this document is to provide specific and detailed instructions for conducting
performance tests on a particular test specimen. The tests could involve functioning the test specimen
before, during and after being subjected to environmental conditioning.
8.2 This specification is complementary to the Environmental Test Instruction and is usually compiled by
design engineers.
9 Environmental Test Reports
9.1 The purpose of the Environmental Test Report is to record observations, data and results of an
environmental test conducted in accordance with the Environmental Test Instruction. In particular, the
content of the Environmental Test Report must respond to each requirement detailed in the Environmental
Test Instruction. Where possible the Test Report should present data confirming that the test requirements
have been met. In addition, any deviations from the Environmental Test Instruction observed during the test
must be reported.
9.2 Additional guidance on the details to be included in the Environmental Test Report is given in the
relevant test method such as those included in Part 3 of this standard. Environmental Test Reports should
also contain statements on appropriate aspects of calibration and traceability.
9.3 The Environmental Test Report is the formal output from the test laboratory. It is not, unless combined
with the Environmental Test Assessment document, expected to comment on the success or otherwise of
the test, or on any implications arising.
9.4 For maximum effectiveness, the Environmental Test Report should be generated, approved and
issued as soon as practicable after the test is completed.
10 Environmental Test Assessment
10.1 The purpose of an Environmental Test Assessment is to report objectively an evaluation of the test
observations, data and results provided by the test laboratory and recorded in the Environmental Test
Report. These observations, data and results are evaluated mainly in terms of the materiel’s ability to survive
without degradation the test conditions specified in the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification. A
separate assessment is normally required for each test listed in the Environmental Test and Assessment
Specification document.
10.2 An Environmental Test Assessment is expected to state the adequacy of the materiel to withstand or
function in the test conditions specified in the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification. Should any
28
Chapter 2-02
materiel inadequacies be apparent, then the assessment should include recommendations for their removal.
These recommendations could take the form of further evaluations, analyses, laboratory tests, or data
acquisition trials.
10.3 Information contained in the Environmental Test Assessments may be used some considerable time
after the report is written. For example, Environmental Test Assessments are used to support Compliance
Statements. Consequently, the assessments need to be comprehensive, particularly when evaluating any
materiel defects arising from a test.
10.4 An Environmental Test Assessment is generated as soon as possible after the Test Report. It is not
normally amended after publication.
11 Compliance Statement
11.1 The purpose of the Compliance Statement document is to summarise and record the means by which
the environmental requirements have been successfully demonstrated. A separate Compliance Statement is
required for each requirement detailed in the Environmental Requirement document.
11.2 The content of the Compliance Statement document relies heavily on the evidence recorded in the
Environmental Test Assessments and also on supporting analyses and evaluations. Consequently, the
technical quality of those assessments is key to the successful acceptance of the materiel.
11.3 Compliance Statements are referred to when certifying and accepting the materiel for Service use.
Users of the Compliance Statements are the materiel Design Certification Authority and the Integrated
Project Team.
11.4 Compliance Statements are generated towards the end of the materiel Demonstration Phase.
12 Environmental Inputs to Design Specifications
12.1 The purpose of these inputs is to identify the environmental conditions which require specific
consideration in the design process of the materiel. For example, these inputs may take the form of
mechanical or thermal dynamic loadings. Generally, the inputs should supply the materiel designer with
information that can be used directly in the design process, e.g. for sizing purposes.
12.2 The document comprises a series of inputs each describing a particular environmental condition.
These inputs may also be appropriate for subsystem designers where the overall system environmental
requirements may not be specific enough for design purposes.
12.3 The Environmental Inputs to a Design Specification should be generated at a convenient time for
incorporation into materiel system or sub-system design specifications, typically at the beginning of the
materiel Assessment Phase.
29
Chapter 2-02
Intentionally Blank
30
Chapter 2-02
Annex A
Annex A
Compilation of the Environmental Documentation
A.1 Introduction
The additional guidance contained in this annex should be read in conjunction with the document
descriptions given in the main text of Chapter 2-02. The guidance is provided for users confronted with
compiling one or more of the listed project specific environmental documents.
A.2 Compilation of the Environmental Requirement Document
A.2.1 Although the information in the Environmental Requirement document can be presented in several
ways a particularly convenient approach is that suggested below. The logistical and operational
requirements should be broken down into their major phases. The phases will differ for each type of materiel
but typically will consist of the following, which reflect the layout of Parts 5 and 6 of this standard:
a) Delivery and transportation: This phase may need to be further subdivided into the types of
transportation and world wide regions in which the materiel may be transported. Delivery and
transportation to the forward depot is usually undertaken with the materiel packaged. The most common
form of transportation is by road but air, rail and sea transportation may also be required. A precise
definition of each transportation environment is not always possible and, in such cases, a more general
approach may be required. Both approaches are addressed in this standard.
b) Storage and handling: The main environments of concern during storage are climatic and
contamination. Storage may be within conditioned or unconditioned buildings, or under temporary cover
such as a tarpaulin. Handling using forklift trucks, and also manhandling for low mass materiel, needs to
be considered. The use of cranes, particularly in dockyards, may need to be addressed.
c) Transportation beyond the forward depot: The environments experienced during delivery beyond the
forward depot are generally more severe than those during delivery to the depot. In addition to road, air
and sea transportation the materiel may experience parachute drops or carriage as an underslung
helicopter payload. Materiel packaging may be the same as for transport to the forward depot, although
it may be degraded or even removed.
d) Installation and/or deployment: The environmental conditions induced during this phase are frequently
severe and also unique to the materiel. In addition the materiel may experience these environments
during lengthy periods of deployment.
e) Operational use: The environmental conditions induced in the materiel during operational use are likely
to be severe and also unique. They may occur in conjunction with those of deployment. Alternatively,
the deployment environments may form the starting conditions for the conditions arising from
operational use.
f) Materiel return: Materiel may need to be returned to the forward depot for storage, repair, upgrade,
disposal, etc. Returned materiel may have been 'broken out' of its packaging and consequently may
have become contaminated.
g) Materiel disposal: The environmental conditions imposed on the disposal of materiel are stringent.
Particular concern is for the health hazards related to the safe disposal of hazardous components within
the materiel.
A.2.2 Defence Ordnance and Safety Group (DOSG) Form 41 is useful for ensuring that commonly
encountered operational conditions are considered. This form comprises a questionnaire formulated to
provide DOSG with the planned Service environment of the materiel. The form contains many of the
31
Chapter 2-02
Annex A
questions a compiler needs to ask when generating an Environmental Requirement document. Although
specifically intended for munitions, this environmental questionnaire has application to a wider range of
materiel. This form is the UK implementation of AOP-15 Annex A.
A.2.3 For each phase of the operational requirements identified, the individual environmental conditions
are specified in detail. The information should indicate the conditions causing the environment (especially for
self induced environments), a description of the environment and quantifiable values. In some cases
reference to other documents may be required where such information is likely to become extensive.
Information on environments for each operational phase can be found in Parts 4, 5 and 6 of this standard.
Typical environmental conditions are:
a) Mechanical Environments: These environments include acceleration, vibration and shock as well as
acoustic noise, impact (drop and crane swing), bounce, etc. The environments may also include the
mechanical loading environments associated with handling packaged materiel.
b) Climatic Environments: These environments include temperature, humidity and pressure and may
include kinetic heating, rapid or explosive decompression, icing, thermal shock, winds, solar radiation,
etc.
c) Chemical, Biological and Contamination Environments: These environments include fungal growth,
salt atmosphere, acid corrosion, dust and sand, mist and fog, driving rain, immersion, and a whole range
of potential chemical and biological contaminants.
d) Electrical Environments: These environments include electrostatic, magneto-static, lightning strike and
electro-magnetic environments and may need to include radiation in ultra-violet, visible and infra-red
wavelengths.
A.2.4 Combined Environments: For each environment it is necessary to indicate whether they occur in
conjunction with other environments and, if appropriate, the probability of their joint occurrence.
A.3 Compilation of the Environmental Management Plan
A.3.1 The Environmental Management Plan constitutes a series of strategies setting out how compliance
with each environment within the Environmental Requirement document is to be achieved. The following
information for each environment should be included:
a) The environment should be identified, and referenced to the Environmental Requirement document.
b) A rationale should be set out indicating how compliance with each environmental requirement will be
demonstrated; demonstration of compliance may be by test alone, test supported by assessment,
assessment supported by test or by assessment alone. In a number of cases compliance with a
particular requirement may be indicated as adequately encompassed by the demonstration planned for
another environment.
c) When the demonstration of compliance is by test, or test supported by assessment, the statement
should include information about the type of test to be used and, where necessary, the tests within each
type. Often more than one type of test is acceptable as a means of replicating a particular environmental
condition.
d) The statement for each environmental requirement should indicate the method to be used to derive test
severities. This may be by the use of generalised fallback severities, by derivation of levels more closely
tailored to the real environment or levels derived from measured data. In the last case it may be
necessary to cross reference the appropriate paragraphs of the Environment Verification Plan.
e) A statement should be included on the hardware standards to be tested, the number of test items and
the hardware levels to be tested, (e.g. unit, sub-assembly or complete system).
32
Chapter 2-02
Annex A
f) The requirements for any specialist test facilities should also be indicated.
A.3.2 The Environmental Management Plan should include a list of references setting out the project
documents, and national and international standards, that this document has invoked.
A.3.3 The scope of the Environmental Management Plan will be related to the strategies laid down in the
Integrated Test Evaluation and Acceptance Plan (see Chapter 2-01 Annex A), the scale and technical
complexity of the materiel under development and the chosen procurement strategy (see Section 3). When
materiel is procured against an Overall Technical Requirement, the contractual derivative of the System
Requirement Document, a comprehensive Environmental Management Plan is required.
A.3.4 Where other types of tests are required, such as life assessment, safety, reliability, and
environmental stress screening (described in Section 4), then the content of the Environmental
Management Plan should be extended to include appropriate environmental engineering statements for
those activities. It is important that the Environmental Management Plan contains the additional statements,
so that plans for integrated tests and their assessments can be generated and scheduled into an efficient
project development programme.
A.3.5 The Environmental Management Plan may also need to include statements on life extension testing
and In-Service Surveillance testing.
A.4 Compilation of the Environmental Verification Plan
A.4.1 This plan normally constitutes a series of statements setting out how each potentially critical
environment within the Environmental Requirement document is to be verified. The following information for
each environment should be included:
a) The environmental condition should be identified and referenced to the Environmental Requirement
document.
b) A rationale should be provided on how the characteristics and the severity of each environmental
condition are to be verified. Verification may be attained through a measurement programme, by the use
of existing data for similar materiel, or by the use of existing published information. In practice most
environmental conditions are likely to be known with sufficient confidence such that additional
verification is unnecessary.
c) The statement for each environmental requirement should indicate whether it is intended that any
derived test severities are to be enhanced during the materiel development programme.
d) A statement should be included on the hardware standards to be used, the number of items and the
hardware levels, (e.g. unit, sub-assembly or complete system).
e) The requirements for any specialist facilities should also be indicated.
A.5 Compilation of the Environmental Test and Compliance Programme
A.5.1 The programme normally constitutes a series of time-based charts setting out the required tests and
the sequence in which they are to be undertaken. The following information should be included:
a) The tests to be undertaken, preferably displayed in a time-based chart format.
b) The purpose of the test, e.g. environmental, safety, reliability, life assessment, etc.
c) Whether the test is stand alone or part of a sequence, (in the latter case the position of the test in the
sequence should be indicated).
33
Chapter 2-02
Annex A
d) The type and standard of test specimen required and the number of items to be tested.
e) The test facilities required, including any major fixtures and functional test equipment.
f) A calendar estimate of when the test is to start and its anticipated duration.
A.6 Compilation of the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification
A.6.1 The Environmental Test and Assessment Specification will normally consist of a series of
statements setting out the requirements for each environmental test. The following information for each
environmental test includes:
a) The purpose of the test (environmental, safety, reliability, life assessment, etc.) and its objectives (eg:
demonstration of compliance with the environmental requirements).
b) Whether the test is part of a sequence or not; if it is part of a sequence, an indication of test item 'flow'
should be given.
c) The test method to be used for undertaking the test; (wherever possible the test methods called up in
the document should be selected from those contained in Part 3 of this standard).
d) The information required to specify a test of that type (i.e. the relevant information set out in Part 3 for
each test method); including the severities to be applied and any other special requirements considered
necessary.
e) Whether the test involves the application of combined environments.
f) Whether any special safety procedures are required and a statement indicating whether the test item to
be used constitutes any health or safety risk.
g) Requirements for any specialist test facilities.
h) The role and anticipated extent of the associated assessments to demonstrate compliance.
A.7 Compilation of an Environmental Test Instruction
A.7.1 The content of a typical Environmental Test Instruction includes the following:
a) The objective of the test.
b) Information identifying the test number, title, trial venue, hardware build standard.
c) Test procedure(s) in the form of a set of detailed instructions to be undertaken by the laboratory staff.
(Recommended procedures for most environmental test types are presented in Part 3 of this standard.
Each procedure in Part 3 lists the information that needs to be specified to utilise that procedure and
should be repeated in the Environmental Test Instruction.).
d) A test plan, when a significant series of activities are required, leading up to the test, or when the tests
have to be undertaken in a particular sequence.
e) Associated test equipment and instrumentation requirements.
f) The associated Functional Performance Test Specification, which is usually compiled by the design
engineering staff.
34
Chapter 2-02
Annex A
g) Data processing and assessment requirements.
h) Security classifications as relevant.
i) Inspection requirements.
j) Personnel responsibilities.
k) Safety hazards and associated precautions to be taken.
A.8 Compilation of a Test Report
A.8.1 The content of a typical Test Report includes statements on the following:
a) Whether or not the test objectives were met.
b) The observations, data and results obtained from the test.
c) The conduct of the test, including comments on the suitability of the facility for undertaking the test.
d) The quality of the data obtained from the test.
e) The calibration and functional performance of the instrumentation system.
f) Recommendations for improvements that could be made to the test set up, instrumentation or
procedures.
A.8.2 Additional guidance on the details to be included in the Test Report is given in the relevant test
method included in Part 3 of this standard.
A.9 Compilation of an Environmental Test Assessment
A.9.1 The content of a typical Environmental Test Assessment includes statements on the following:
a) The adequacy of the design of the materiel to withstand the specified test.
b) The cause of any shortfall in the performance of the materiel against the requirement.
c) Any implications where appropriate on materiel life, reliability or safety of test failures.
d) Any recommendations where appropriate for further evaluations, analyses, laboratory tests, or data
acquisition trials.
A.9.2 An Environmental Test Assessment contributes to the compliance documentation ultimately used
for materiel acceptance. To enable traceability it is important that Environmental Test Assessments
reference the relevant paragraphs of the Environmental Test and Assessment Specification against which
the test and/or assessment has been conducted. They should also reference the appropriate Environmental
Test Reports and any functional test reports.
A.9.3 Environmental Test Assessments should also include or reference any relevant data or analyses
relating to the performance of the materiel not included in the Test Reports.
35
Chapter 2-02
Annex A
A.10 Compilation of a Compliance Statement
A.10.1 The content of a typical Compliance Statement includes statements in summary form on the
following:
a) The adequacy of the materiel to meet the relevant environmental requirements.
b) Any shortfalls in the performance of the materiel.
c) The validity of the conditions defined in the Environmental Requirement document to represent actual
Service conditions. If differences are noted, then any implications on the adequacy of the materiel
should be addressed.
A.10.2 For the particular environmental condition under consideration, the Compliance Statement should
reference the relevant portion of the Environmental Requirement document addressed by the Compliance
Statement.
A.11 Compilation of Environmental Inputs to a Design Specification

Environmental inputs to a design specification typically include a series of inputs each describing a particular
environmental condition. As the environmental requirements and the definition of the test methods are often
not in a format suitable for design purposes, the aim of these inputs is to provide a set of 'designer friendly'
information. Such inputs may also be appropriate for subsystem designers where the overall system
environmental requirements may not be specific enough for design purposes.
36
Chapter 2-03
Chapter 2-03
Tailoring Processes
1 Introduction
1.1 The term 'tailoring' is often used to mean the process by which test methods and particularly their
severities are adapted to improve the simulation of specific environmental conditions. 'Tailoring' in this limited
sense is an accepted environmental engineering process. Its development was stimulated by the realisation
that conservative test methods and excessive test severities can result in increased materiel development
costs with no compensating increase in materiel performance or reliability.
1.2 The tailoring process has broader application to materiel development programmes. Therefore, for the
purpose of this chapter 'tailoring' also covers the optimisation or refinement of the environmental engineering
task to meet the specific needs of a particular materiel development programme.
1.3 It should be noted that although the application of tailoring to environmental testing programmes can
provide significant benefits with regard to materiel development costs, it can also restrict the user’s
operational flexibility to those Service environmental conditions originally specified.
2 The Use of Tailored Test Methods and Severities
2.1 Tailored environmental test methods and severities are adopted to permit a more accurate simulation
of the anticipated Service environments and allow the performance and integrity of the test specimen to be
examined whilst being stressed only to representative Service environments. Such tailoring reduces the
probability that the test specimen will incur unrepresentative failures.
2.2 Although the use of tailored test methods is technically preferred, alternatives, known as minimum
integrity test methods, are often acceptable. These alternative test methods are generally relatively
unsophisticated tests that can be adopted when a precise simulation is not necessary to establish suitability
for Service use and when a degree of over testing can be tolerated.
2.3 To encompass all levels of materiel sophistication, test methods of both types, ie: tailored and
minimum integrity, are needed. Technical advice on the selection of an appropriate test method for a
particular application is presented in Parts 5 and 6 of this standard. Both tailored and minimum integrity
environmental test methods, covering all significant and relevant environments to which materiel may be
expected to be subjected, are contained in Part 3 of this standard.
2.4 The increasing complexity and availability of advanced laboratory test equipment provides the test
specifier with a choice of tailored and minimum integrity test methods for accommodating a particular
environment. Tailored test methods are generally no more expensive to conduct than minimum integrity test
methods. However, they usually require more sophisticated test equipment which may limit the choice of
available test facilities. It is also often more difficult to reproduce the test results should a repeat test be
required at a later date. Repeatability is an important consideration should the test be undertaken for
Environmental Stress Screening or In-Service Surveillance purposes.
2.5 The adoption of tailored test methods and severities is usually essential for materiel whose
performance, cost, reliability, mass or configuration could be adversely affected by tests which significantly
exceed the stresses produced by the related Service environments. The degree or extent to which tailoring is
to be applied should be agreed with the materiel designer, who is usually the best placed to quantify the
consequences of overtesting.
2.6 In the earlier phases of a materiel development programme, adequate information may not be
available to allow the use of project specific tailored tests. Therefore the suitability of a design may need to
37
Chapter 2-03
be evaluated using minimum integrity test severities from national or international standards, or from
applicable data derived from similar earlier programmes. However, during Type Approval the minimum
integrity tests should be replaced with tailored tests derived from project specific data. If this is not possible,
project specific data should be obtained at the earliest opportunity and an assessment made of whether the
tests performed during Type Approval adequately enveloped the Service environment.
2.7 The adoption of minimum integrity test severities throughout the development programme may be
acceptable and possibly advantageous where the deployment, location or usage of materiel is difficult to
quantify. It is also relevant when the intended usage or role may be expected to change during its Service
life.
3 Tailoring the Environmental Test and Assessment Requirements
3.1 The aim of this aspect of tailoring is to generate an Environmental Test and Assessment Specification
that provides sufficient evidence for materiel acceptance together with a cost effective series of tests and
assessments. To this end the tailoring process involves making decisions on which environmental tests can
be merged together or even eliminated. It also includes making decisions on the balance to be achieved
between testing and assessment for demonstrating compliance.
3.2 A reason for merging environmental tests is that collectively they exercise the same potential failure
modes of the materiel when it is in the same operational state. A reason for eliminating tests is that the
materiel exhibits no failure modes associated with that environmental condition.
3.3 Tailoring the environmental test and assessment requirements involves knowledge of the likely failure
modes of the materiel associated with its exposure to specific environmental conditions. In general, tests
should concentrate on the environments to which the materiel is sensitive rather than those to which it is
likely to be robust. This advice would not apply to safety tests which are undertaken to demonstrate that a
munition is not sensitive to an environmental condition.
4 Tailoring the Environmental Test and Compliance Programme
4.1 Tailoring the Environmental Test and Compliance Programme develops further the tailoring process to
address sequential testing and combined environments testing.
4.2 The purpose of sequential testing is to replicate the cumulative ageing and degradation that the
materiel would experience as a result of exposure to the environmental stresses arising from its planned
Service life. In particular the environmental stresses induced by sequential testing should be representative
of the conditions set out in the Manufacture to Target or Disposal Sequence (MTDS). Sequential testing
should not induce in the materiel any excessive environmental stresses that could cause unrepresentative
failures, but should include environmental stresses that exercise long term damage mechanisms. There is
always some risk that sequential testing will induce excessive overtesting, resulting from the cumulative
effects of the marginal overtesting that arises from each test within the sequence.
4.3 Sequential testing is usually adopted for ordnance and one shot devices, even though it is only at the
end of the test sequence that satisfactory operation can be demonstrated. For these applications sequential
testing can be relatively costly and time consuming, because the test sequence may take many weeks to
complete. Also, because a failure during the test sequence usually means starting all over again, it imposes
a significant risk on completing the materiel development programme on schedule. To minimise this risk, an
approach known as 'cascade' testing is often adopted, where a relatively large number of test specimens are
subjected to the test sequence, and where after each appropriate test stage a number of items are
withdrawn for functional testing.
38
Chapter 2-03
4.4 During Service use, the materiel will be subjected to several environmental conditions simultaneously,
but few environmental tests replicate simultaneously more than one environment. Combined environment
testing is necessary when the damaging effects of two or more environments applied simultaneously are
envisaged to have greater damaging effects than when the environments are applied separately. The
deterrent to undertaking combined environments testing is, almost always, cost. For effective decisions to be
made regarding the inclusion of combined environments testing into the Environmental Test and
Assessment Programme, the Environmental Requirement document should identify when environmental
conditions occur simultaneously or when they are expected to do so at a credible level of statistical
probability. Based on this information the sensitivity of the materiel to combined environments can be
evaluated and suitable tests incorporated into the programme.
39
Chapter 2-03
Intentionally Blank
40
Chapter 3-01
SECTION 3 PROCUREMENT OPTIONS

Chapter 3-01
Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 This section addresses the impact of the procurement strategy adopted by the procurement authority
on the responsibilities for the control and management process of the environmental engineering task. The
overall approach for the management of environmental aspects, as set out in Section 2, is essentially
independent of procurement strategy. However, different procurement strategies do vary the apportionment
of responsibilities.
1.2 Progressive changes in MOD procurement policy have in general shifted the balance of responsibility
for the performance and integrity of materiel from the procurement authority to the supplier. In effect this has
led to the increased usage of procurement strategies that demand compliance evidence for environmental
aspects based on operational or environment requirements rather than simply on test results. Because each
procurement strategy imposes a different set of roles and responsibilities on those involved in undertaking
the environmental engineering task, it is necessary in this section to address their impact. Consequently the
treatment of procurement strategies is more extensive than for earlier defence publications dealing with
environmental engineering matters.
1.3 The following four chapters in this section are allocated to each of four procurement strategies. The
information and advice presented on the four procurement strategies is primarily intended to inform the
parties involved of their roles and responsibilities so that the total environmental engineering activity
associated with a particular procurement contract can be structured, programmed and controlled in a cost
effective and unambiguous manner. The procurement strategies addressed in this section are:
a) Materiel procured against an Overall Technical Requirement.
b) Materiel procured against an Environmental Requirement.
c) Materiel procured against an Environmental Test Specification.
d) Materiel procured as an 'off-the-shelf' purchase.
1.4 In practice considerably more than four procurement strategies are in current use. However, the
majority of the other strategies are either variations or hybrids of the four addressed. Since system
acceptance requires the necessary evidence to be available from the entire trials programme the
procurement strategy used must make this evidence and supporting data available to the MoD procurement
agency.
1.5 The process for the control and management of the total environmental engineering task is addressed
in Chapter 2-01. Control and management aspects are largely achieved through the documentation
supporting each task. The purpose and content of the documentation is addressed in Chapter 2-02. The
usual responsibilities for the documentation and associated tasks relating to the above mentioned four
procurement strategies are indicated in Table 1. However, it should be noted that the assignment of
responsibilities may differ from Table 1 and so it is important that each party is formally notified of their
responsibilities.
41
Chapter 3-01
Table 1 Indicative documentation responsibilities
Procurement Strategy
Document Procurement Procurement Procurement Procurement as

against an against an against an an 'Off the Shelf'
Overall Environmental Environmental Purchase
Technical Requirement Test
Requirement Specification
System Requirement Procurement Procurement Procurement Procurement

Document Authority Authority Authority Authority
Overall Technical Procurement Procurement Procurement Procurement

Requirement (OTR) Authority Authority Authority Authority
Environment Supplier Procurement Procurement Procurement

Verification Plan Authority Authority Authority
Environmental Supplier Procurement Procurement Procurement

Requirement (ER) Authority Authority Authority
Environmental Supplier Supplier Procurement Procurement

Management Plan Authority Authority
Environmental Inputs Supplier Supplier Procurement Not Applicable

to Design Authority / Supplier
Specifications
Environmental Test Supplier Supplier Procurement Supplier

and Compliance Authority
Programme
Environmental Test Supplier Supplier Procurement Supplier

and Assessment Authority
Specification
Environmental Test Supplier Supplier Supplier Supplier

Instructions
Functional Supplier Supplier Supplier Supplier

Performance Test
Specifications
Test Reports Supplier Supplier Supplier Supplier
Test Assessments Supplier Supplier Procurement Supplier

Authority
Compliance Supplier Supplier Procurement Procurement

Statements Authority Authority
(Against the ER (Against the ER)
(As per Compliance
and OTR)
Matrix)
System Acceptance Procurement Procurement Procurement Procurement

Authority Authority Authority Authority
42
Chapter 3-02
Chapter 3-02
Procurement against an Overall Technical Requirement
1 General
1.1 This chapter sets out relevant important features of the procurement of materiel against an Overall
Technical Requirement and addresses the responsibilities on the procurement authority and the supplier.
When materiel is procured against an Overall Technical Requirement, the supplier is obliged to ensure
satisfactory, reliable and safe operation during all specified Service conditions.
1.2 Procurement against an Overall Technical Requirement is particularly effective, and often adopted, for
procurement of materiel between a procurement authority and a prime contractor. This procurement method
is especially appropriate where significant 'self induced' environmental conditions are anticipated, or where
certain environmental conditions cannot be readily established prior to contract award.
1.3 Although this procurement strategy can also be used for the procurement of subsystems between a
prime contractor and its supplier, it is not often adopted for that role, because procurement against either an
Environmental Requirement or an Environmental Test Specification permits a better defined contractual
arrangement. However, where major subsystems generate significant self induced environmental conditions,
procurement against an Overall Technical Requirement may offer distinct advantages to a prime contractor.
1.4 Acceptance of the materiel by the procurement authority when adopting this procurement strategy
usually includes some form of operational demonstration. The acceptance criteria for a successful
demonstration are usually set out by the procurement authority, although they may be based on some
agreement with the supplier. The demonstration normally includes specified operational scenarios that will
show that the specified performance requirements are met. Although the operational demonstration is able to
demonstrate an acceptable level of materiel function and effectiveness, it is not usually capable of fully
demonstrating environmental survivability, because the demonstration is unlikely to be conducted at
environmental extremes. For this reason the demonstration of environmental survivability is almost always
based upon laboratory testing rather than operational demonstration.
1.5 Superficially it may appear that procurement against an Overall Technical Requirement requires only
limited environmental engineering knowledge by the procurement authority. In fact the reverse is true
because this procurement method requires a particularly experienced customer to evaluate the supplier's
environmental proposals, and later to ensure that the materiel’s function and performance will be satisfactory
under all the specified Service conditions.
1.6 When purchasing materiel against an Overall Technical Requirement the procurement authority needs
to have confidence that the supplier is capable of managing the total environmental engineering task. The
task will include the derivation of the Environmental Requirement, design and test specifications, and
undertaking associated environmental evaluation activities. Where significant self induced environments are
present, the materiel supplier will need to be capable of undertaking an environmental verification
programme. More importantly, confidence needs to be established that the supplier is capable of undertaking
the evaluations and assessments necessary for the compilation of statements leading to materiel compliance
and design certification.
2 Responsibilities
2.1 The usual reason for procuring materiel against an Overall Technical Requirement is to lay the
majority of the responsibilities on the materiel supplier. These responsibilities encompass all aspects of the
system operation and are not restricted to environmental aspects. However, from the environmental
engineering viewpoint, the onus is on the supplier to ensure that the materiel performs satisfactorily when
43
Chapter 3-02
subjected to the environments arising from the specified Service conditions. Essentially, the supplier is
responsible for all aspects of environmental engineering and its management.
2.2 The apportionment of responsibilities for the management of the environmental aspects when materiel
is procured against an Overall Technical Requirement is shown schematically in Figure 1. The procurement
authority is responsible for the overall technical requirements including details of Service and operational
scenarios in which the materiel is expected to function and perform satisfactorily. The overall technical
requirements should include a definition of the conditions in which the materiel is to be stored, transported,
installed, deployed and disposed. The Overall Technical Requirement document is essentially the
contractual derivative of the System Requirement Document.
2.3 The generation of the Environmental Requirement is the responsibility of the supplier, as is the setting
of subassembly and component procurement requirements for design, test and assessment purposes.
2.4 The materiel development programme may include programme milestones related to environmental
aspects, e.g. the setting of subsystem procurement requirements and the completion of ground testing. The
successful completion of these milestones does not reduce the supplier's responsibilities for achieving a
successful compliance programme or an operational demonstration. However, they do instil the necessary
confidence in both the procurement authority and the supplier to proceed with such major activities.
2.5 As part of the Integrated Test Evaluation and Acceptance Plan the procurement authority will monitor
and audit the supplier’s testing and assessment programmes, so that any shortcomings or policy differences
can be rectified quickly. However, it should be understood that this does not abrogate the supplier from the
environmental engineering responsibilities. In such cases the procurement authority has only approved the
general principles and the methodologies adopted, because only the supplier is able to evaluate whether the
test parameters and their severities are sufficient to achieve compliance.
3 Associated Risks
3.1 For this procurement strategy areas of risk arise for the procurement authority because it is totally
dependent upon the supplier’s capabilities to present the necessary evidence that the materiel will be fit for
purpose under the specified Service conditions. A default in either area can result in substantial cost and
time overruns.
3.2 The supplier needs to have the capability for planning, controlling and managing the total
environmental task in a competent manner. Some knowledge of the supplier’s abilities can usually be
acquired by the procurement authority through appraisal of the supplier's intent as specified in the proposal.
3.3 At the end of the materiel development programme, the supplier needs to be in a position to
demonstrate that the materiel is fit for purpose when subjected to the environments defined in the
Environmental Requirements document. The supplier also needs to demonstrate that the environments
defined in the Environmental Requirements document are representative of those occurring in Service. The
first demonstration is achieved with the aid of a compliance matrix showing how the materiel has been tested
and assessed against the Environmental Requirements. The second demonstration is achieved through
validation of the Environmental Requirements, supported as necessary by data acquisition reports and
assessments. Again, the necessary confidence in the supplier’s abilities can usually be acquired by the
procurement authority through appraisal of the supplier's intent as specified in the proposal.
3.4 Clearly an area of risk for the supplier is the estimation of the environmental conditions and severities
against which subsystems will be designed or procured.
44
Chapter 3-02
System Requirement
Document
Responsibility of
Procurement Agency
Overall Technical
Requirement
Environmental
Requirement
Environmental
Verification Plan
Environmental
Management Plan
Environmental
Inputs to Design
Specification
Environmental Test and
Assessment Specification
Environmental Test Design
and Compliance Process
Programme
Responsibility of Specifications
Supplier
Acceptance Tests
Test Reports
Test Assessments
Requirement)
Compliance Statements and

Certification
(Against the Overall Technical
Requirement or Contract)
System Acceptance
Responsibility of
Procurement Agency
NOTE Dotted boxes indicate items that are not directly part of the process
Figure 1 Apportionment of responsibilities
45
Chapter 3-02
Intentionally Blank
46
Chapter 3-03
Chapter 3-03
Procurement against an Environmental Requirement
1 General
1.1 This chapter sets out relevant important features of the procurement of materiel against an
Environmental Requirement and addresses the responsibilities on the procurement authority and the
supplier. When materiel is procured against an Environmental Requirement, the supplier is obliged to ensure
satisfactory, reliable and safe operation during all the specified environmental requirements.
1.2 Procurement of materiel against an Environmental Requirement is particularly effective when the
environmental conditions are known, or when the determination of the environmental severities is outside the
control of the supplier, for example, when purchasing an upgraded unit for an existing item of materiel.
1.3 The procurement of materiel against an Environmental Requirement is often used by the procurement
authority to set requirements for the prime contractor. It is also very commonly used by prime contractors to
purchase materiel sub-systems.
1.4 Implicitly, this procurement strategy obligates the procurement authority to compile an adequate and
complete Environmental Requirements document. The compilation task is likely to be straight forward when
the materiel does not influence its own environment, or when measured data are available. However, when
environments are induced by the materiel itself or when no suitable environmental data are available, the
procurement authority may need to undertake data acquisition tasks to ensure that the environments are
described correctly.
1.5 When adopting this procurement strategy the procurement authority should have confidence in the
supplier's environmental evaluation capabilities. In particular, the procurement authority needs to ascertain
that all environmental aspects will be properly considered in the design process and that suitable evaluation
procedures will be adopted.
2 Responsibilities
2.1 The procurement of materiel against an Environmental Requirement places a significant responsibility
on the supplier, but it is not as extensive as that for the procurement of materiel against an Overall Technical
Requirement addressed in Chapter 3-02. The apportionment of responsibilities for management of the
environmental aspects when materiel is procured against an Environmental Requirement is shown
schematically in Figure 1.
2.2 For this procurement strategy the procurement authority takes the responsibility for setting the
Environmental Requirements and, implicitly, that materiel designed to withstand these requirements will
operate under Service conditions. The responsibility for deriving suitable Environmental Design And Test
Specifications falls on the supplier. Consequently this procurement strategy places all the environmental
design responsibility on the supplier. The responsibility on the supplier also includes ensuring that
appropriate combinations of environmental conditions are considered and tested as necessary.
2.3 Experience indicates that the advantages to the procurement authority of procuring against an
Environmental Requirement can often be severely eroded should some of the environmental requirements
reflect minimum integrity test specifications rather than environmental descriptions. At best, this may cause
confusion in the mind of the supplier regarding the actual intent of the procurement authority. At worst, the
supplier may only design and evaluate to the specified tests. Therefore, the procurement authority needs to
ensure that the Environmental Requirement document is compiled correctly, so that the supplier is clearly
47
Chapter 3-03
aware that the primary intent is to impose the responsibilities associated with the Environmental
Requirement procurement strategy.
2.4 For this procurement strategy the completion of a successful testing programme by the supplier is not
the only materiel acceptance criterion. A series of assessments is also necessary to complement the tests to
demonstrate that the specified Environmental Requirements have been met and that potential modes of
failure have been exercised.
2.5 The materiel development programme will probably include several interim major programme
milestones, such as the setting of subsystem procurement requirements and the completion of ground
testing. The successful completion of these interim milestones does not reduce the supplier's responsibilities
for achieving a successful compliance programme. However, they do instil the necessary confidence in both
the procurement authority and the supplier to proceed with the programme.
2.6 As part of the Integrated Test Evaluation and Acceptance Plan the procurement agency will monitor
and audit the testing and assessment programmes, so that any shortcomings or policy differences can be
rectified quickly. However, it should be understood that this does not abrogate the supplier from the
engineering responsibilities. In such cases the procurement authority has only approved the general
principles and the methodologies adopted, because only the supplier is able to evaluate whether the test
parameters and their severities are sufficient to achieve compliance.
3 Associated Risks
3.1 A major risk to the procurement authority when using this procurement strategy relates to the definition
of the Environmental Requirements. An incorrect or incomplete Environmental Requirement may result in
unsatisfactory materiel or costly contractual re-negotiations. If the quantitative definition of the environments
would pose a difficult problem then procurement against the Overall Technical Requirement might prove to
be a better option. The risk to the procurement authority is reduced when the Environmental Requirements
are comprehensive and based on Service data and measurements.
3.2 The supplier needs to have the capability for planning, controlling and managing the environmental
task in a competent manner, although the required capability and experience is less than that required for
the procurement against an Overall Technical Requirement method. Some knowledge of the supplier’s
abilities can usually be acquired by the procurement authority through appraisal of the supplier's intent as
specified in the proposal.
3.3 At the end of the materiel development programme the supplier needs to be in a position to
demonstrate that the materiel is fit for purpose when subjected to the environments defined in the
Environmental Requirement document.
48
Chapter 3-03
System Requirement
Document
Responsibility of Environmental
Procurement Agency Requirement
Environmental
Verification Plan
Environmental
Management Plan
Environmental
Inputs to Design
Specification

Design
Environmental Test
Process
and Compliance
Programme
Specifications
Responsibility of
Supplier
Acceptance Tests
Test Reports
Test Assessments
Compliance Statements and Certification

(Against the Environmental Requirement
or Contract)
System Acceptance
Responsibility of (Compliance with SRD)
Procurement Agency
49
Chapter 3-03
Intentionally Blank
50
Chapter 3-04
Chapter 3-04
Procurement against an Environmental Test Specification
1 General
1.1 This chapter sets out relevant important features of the procurement of materiel against an
Environmental Test Specification and addresses the responsibilities on the procurement authority and the
supplier. When materiel is procured against an Environmental Test Specification the obligation on the
supplier is constrained to demonstrating that the materiel has been successfully qualified to the specified test
methods and severities.
1.2 Procurement against an Environmental Test Specification is used extensively for purchasing
subsystems and components, and as such is often used by prime contractors when dealing with their
suppliers. Its use in the procurement of complete systems is becoming increasingly rare, largely as a
consequence of the substantial responsibility and potential risk it inherently places on the procurement
authority.
1.3 This procurement strategy is very useful for the purchase of materiel used in a variety of locations or
roles such that the imposed environmental conditions cannot readily be defined. In such cases the specified
tests often comprise a series of minimum integrity or even 'ruggedness' criteria. For this category of materiel,
procurement against an Environmental Test Specification can have significant cost advantages provided that
environmental parameters are not expected to impose any significant constraints on the materiel design.
1.4 Where the design of the materiel is significantly influenced by the environmental test requirements, for
example, because mass, cost or serviceability may be affected, it may be necessary to adopt more
advanced test methods and severities. In such cases procurement against an Environmental Requirement
may be a more suitable option.
1.5 Procurement of materiel against an Environmental Test Specification has value when the procurement
authority has doubts about the supplier's environmental engineering capabilities, because the supplier needs
only to meet clearly defined test criteria. On the other hand, the procurement authority requires extensive
environmental engineering knowledge and experience to ensure that the specified tests and severities are
an adequate demonstration of the materiel’s suitability for Service use.
2 Responsibilities
2.1 Procurement of materiel against an Environmental Test Specification places more responsibility on the
procurement authority than either procurement against an Overall Technical Requirement or procurement
against an Environmental Requirement. In particular, ensuring that the specified test methods and their
associated severities are applicable to the environmental conditions arising from Service use is solely the
responsibility of the procurement authority.
2.2 Two common reasons why materiel is procured against an Environmental Test Specification are to
permit definitive contractual arrangements to be set and to incur minimum procurement costs. However, the
responsibilities placed on the procurement authority associated with this procurement strategy are
considerable and are often not fully appreciated. Generally this procurement strategy is only effective for
relatively simple or multi-purpose materiel where the limited responsibility placed on the supplier is usually
very clearly understood.
2.3 The apportionment of responsibilities for management of the environmental aspects when materiel is
procured against an Environmental Test Specification is shown schematically in Figure 1.
51
Chapter 3-04
2.4 The major responsibilities on the procurement authority are associated with the selection of test
methods and the setting of the test severities to provide adequate confidence in the ability of the materiel to
survive in the Service environmental conditions. Failure or unreliability of the materiel during Service use that
can be attributed to these activities are the responsibility of the procurement authority.
2.5 In this procurement strategy the responsibility on the supplier is limited to a demonstration that the
materiel has passed successfully the specified series of tests and their associated severities.
3 Associated Risks
3.1 The major risks associated with this procurement strategy mainly affect the procurement authority and
relate to the validity or otherwise of the specified environmental tests. An incorrect Environmental Test
Specification may result in unsuitable or unreliable materiel and/ or costly contractual re-negotiations.
Therefore, it is particularly important that procurement agencies understand the risks that arise from the use
of this procurement strategy.
3.2 The procurement authority is at risk if Service failures occur that can be attributed to insufficient or
inadequate testing. A particular problem is that the procurement authority may be unaware of the sensitive
areas of the materiel and specify tests which do not exercise all the potential failure modes. Clearly the risk is
minimal if the materiel is relatively insensitive to environmental conditions. However, if the materiel is likely to
be sensitive to certain environmental conditions then an alternative procurement strategy, such as
procurement against an Environmental Requirement, should be considered.
3.3 Test severities selected when using this procurement strategy are often generalised levels and
consequently are set above the corresponding Service environmental levels. Such severities are usually
higher than those used for procurement against an Environmental Requirement or for procurement against
an Overall Technical Requirement. However, it is not unknown for severities using this procurement strategy
to be set unreasonably high and certainly in excess of those likely to occur during Service use. It should be
noted that such increased levels are very likely to produce unrepresentative failures, and that increased test
levels do not automatically result in more reliable materiel.
3.4 Experience indicates that many suppliers, given a suitable opportunity, will bias their task towards
procurement against an Environmental Test Specification, because the supplier’s responsibility is both
limited and terminates at a specific programme milestone. For this reason, if the intent is to procure against
an Overall Technical Requirement or an Environmental Requirement, care needs to be taken before listing
tests in a procurement requirement document.
3.5 The supplier needs to have the capability to demonstrate compliance with the specified Environmental
Test Specification in a competent manner. The level of capability and experience is significantly less than
that required when procuring against an Overall Technical Requirement or an Environmental Requirement.
3.6 At the end of the materiel development programme the supplier needs to be in a position to
demonstrate that the materiel has been successfully tested to the specified test conditions by the production
of test reports and assessments.
3.7 To minimise the commercial risk for this procurement strategy the supplier needs to ensure that the
materiel can be developed economically to satisfy the specified test methods and severities.
52
Chapter 3-04
System Requirement
Document
Responsibility of Environmental
Procurement Agency Requirement
Environmental
Verification Plan
Environmental
Management Plan

Environmental
Inputs to Design
Specification
Environmental Test
and Compliance
Design
Programme
Process

Specifications
Responsibility of
Supplier
Acceptance Tests
Test Reports
and Certification
(Against the Environmental Test
Specification or Contract)
Test Assessments
Responsibility of (Against Environmental Requirement)
Procurement Agency
System Acceptance
53
Chapter 3-04
Intentionally Blank
54
Chapter 3-05
Chapter 3-05
Procurement as an Off-The-Shelf Purchase
1 General
1.1 This chapter sets out relevant important features of the procurement of materiel as an 'Off-the-shelf'
purchase. It addresses the responsibilities on the procurement authority and the supplier together with the
associated risks. The main feature of this procurement strategy is that the purchasing authority takes the
responsibility that the materiel is suitable for its intended purpose. The approach places virtually no
obligations on the supplier other than substantiating the levels to which the materiel is qualified. The main
advantage of procuring materiel in this way is the elimination of development risks and the reduced
procurement time scales.
1.2 This procurement strategy is less suited to the procurement of complex high cost materiel because the
inherent risks of meeting the technical requirements in full are high. Procurement of materiel as an off-the-
shelf purchase is commonly adopted by prime contractors for the purchase of components and low value
items. In such cases the systems built up from such items are almost always subsequently tested and
evaluated against the Service environmental requirements.
1.3 In practice materiel procured as an off-the-shelf purchase is likely to have been subjected to only
limited testing and evaluation by the supplier. Moreover, the supplier has probably adopted minimum
integrity test methods and severities which only broadly represents the Service environments. Only rarely will
the supplier have taken into account the effects of sequential and combined environmental conditions.
1.4 The procurement authority is very dependent upon specialist expertise to ascertain, from existing
evidence, whether the purchased materiel will function satisfactorily under the specified Service conditions.
The adoption of such specialist expertise during the materiel purchasing phase can avoid major technical
errors of judgement, particularly as mistakes made at this time can be very costly and time consuming to
remedy.
2 Responsibilities
2.1 The usual reason for procuring materiel as an off-the-shelf purchase is to reduce procurement costs
and timescales. From the environmental engineering viewpoint, procurement is made against an
environmental capability for the materiel defined by the supplier. The procurement authority is responsible for
ensuring that those capabilities are adequate for the materiel’s intended usage.
2.2 The apportionment of responsibilities for management of the environmental aspects when materiel is
procured as an off-the-shelf purchase is shown schematically in Figure 1.
2.3 It is the responsibility of the supplier to demonstrate that the materiel is capable of surviving and
functioning in the environments that they themselves have specified for that materiel. This demonstration is
almost the total extent of the supplier’s responsibility. For materiel supplied by a commercial organisation
against their own data (for example COTS equipment), there is no guarantee that the documentation,
identified in Figure 1 as the responsibility of the supplier, will be available. Even if some of the
documentation does exist, it may not be possible to relate the information to the required build standard for
procurement.
55
Chapter 3-05
3 Associated Risks
3.1 The major risk to the procurement authority associated with off-the-shelf procurement is that the
materiel will fail to survive or function satisfactorily in Service. For this risk to be contained the environmental
requirements should be established before the decision is made to purchase the off-the-shelf materiel.
Moreover, an evaluation of the suitability of the off-the-shelf materiel for Service use should be undertaken
by the procurement authority, for example, with the aid of an environmental compliance matrix. The
compliance matrix is used to compare the environmental capability statements provided by the materiel
supplier with the environmental requirements. In an ideal case the compliance matrix will show that the
materiel complies with all aspects of the environmental requirements, but in most cases voids and
deficiencies will appear in the information provided by the supplier. The identification of voids and
deficiencies should form a basis from which the procurement authority is able to quantify and manage risks.
Three approaches that can be used to fill voids and deficiencies in the compliance matrix are indicated
below:
a) One approach by which information can be obtained to fill voids and deficiencies in the compliance
matrix is to utilise information from existing applications of the materiel. Suppliers are generally keen to
indicate similar applications in which their materiel is known to function and perform satisfactorily.
Moreover, for defence applications, it is usually possible for the procurement authority to establish the
general environments in which the materiel operates in the similar applications. For materiel with a good
development record utilising information from existing applications may enable the procurement
authority to fill the majority of the significant voids in the compliance matrix. Nevertheless, the
procurement authority remains responsible for the credibility of the information and therefore takes the
risks that the information provided might be inaccurate or not traceable to accepted quality standards.
b) Another approach that can be adopted for reducing risk and improving confidence is for the procurement
authority to test representative samples of the materiel. The test should adopt severities and procedures
representative of those occurring in Service. Such testing can prove to be a cost effective insurance that
the materiel will function and perform in Service.
c) Having identified the voids and deficiencies in the environmental compliance matrix it may be possible,
through engineering judgement, to conclude that the materiel is unlikely to be sensitive to those
particular environments. The main difficulty with this approach is that the procurement authority needs to
be knowledgeable on the likely materiel failure modes.
3.2 Procurement of increasingly complex materiel as off-the-shelf purchases is becoming more common
as a means of reducing procurement costs, and consequently, the potential risks from an inappropriate
selection of materiel are also increasing. Moreover as a result of design changes, materiel which has been
historically categorised as environmentally robust may not necessarily be so in the future. Therefore it is
incumbent on the procurement authority to be diligent in their technical assessments in order to maintain
risks at acceptable levels.
3.3 In certain cases it may be that the decision to purchase particular off-the-shelf materiel was on
commercial rather than on technical grounds. Nevertheless, in all cases the identification of the
environmental requirements and compilation of a compliance matrix should allow the potential risk areas to
be identified and quantified to enable such commercial decisions to be made from a position of knowledge
rather than ignorance.
56
Chapter 3-05
System Requirement
Document
Environmental
Requirement
Responsibility of
Procurement Agency Environmental
Verification Plan
Environmental
Management Plan
Supplier Defined
Environmental Test &
Functional Environmental Test

Performance Test Instructions Environmental
Specifications Test and Compliance
Programme
Responsibility of Tests
Supplier
Test Reports
Test Assessments
Compliance Statements and Certification

(Against Supplier Defined Requirements)
Requirement)
Responsibility of
Procurement Agency
System Acceptance
57
Chapter 3-05
Intentionally Blank
58
Chapter 4-01
SECTION 4 RELATED TEST TYPES AND PROCESSES

Chapter 4-01
Related Test Types and Processes
1 Introduction
1.1 The total process for the control and management of the environmental task is set out in Section 2. To
avoid unnecessary complications in presentation, the process concentrated on tasks associated with
Acceptance testing, also known as type approval or qualification. However, the approach can be applied to
related test types and their associated processes. The purpose of this section is to set out the principles for
including these related test types within the total process.
1.2 Acceptance testing and the related test types addressed in this section are briefly identified below:
a) Acceptance: To demonstrate the performance of materiel when subjected to tests simulating the
specified extremes of Service environments.
b) Life Assessment: To assess the performance and durability of materiel when subjected to scenarios
representing a typical Service life.
c) In-Service Surveillance: To monitor and evaluate materiel reaction during normal Service use.
d) Safety: To ensure the safety of materiel throughout its Service life.
e) Reliability: To forecast materiel reliability throughout a typical Service life.
f) Environmental Stress Screening: To demonstrate manufacturing quality through the identification of

defects induced during manufacture and assembly.
1.3 Acceptance testing and the related test types identified above are not mutually exclusive. The
objectives for acceptance testing overlap to various degrees with those for life assessment, safety and
reliability. For some materiel, acceptance testing results may provide the information needed for some, if not
all, aspects of materiel life, safety and reliability requirements. Only for complicated materiel or that
containing energetic materials are additional types likely to be required.
1.4 The scope of this standard encompasses the environmental engineering tasks associated with
acceptance testing. Other standards are influential in setting the objectives for life assessment, safety,
reliability and environmental stress screening. However, the environmental engineering tasks associated
with those related activities are based on those for acceptance testing. The related activities are addressed
here, because in an efficient and cost effective programme, these activities are not considered in isolation.
1.5 The related test types and processes addressed in this section are considered to be the predominant
ones adopted for materiel development programmes. Nevertheless, these principles can be adapted for
other test types and processes.
2 Acceptance Testing
2.1 The purpose of acceptance testing is to provide evidence, which when incorporated into an associated
assessment, will demonstrate that the materiel is capable of meeting the environmental conditions likely to
be encountered in Service use and formally defined in the Environmental Requirement.
2.2 Acceptance testing severities are specified in the Environmental Test Specification and derived from
information contained in the Environmental Requirement document. The severities generally represent either
the limit environmental conditions, or credible maximum severities, that the materiel may experience in
Service use.
59
Chapter 4-01
2.3 The tests conducted as part of the acceptance testing programme are undertaken to demonstrate the
adequacy of materiel to resist, throughout its Service life, the specified environments without unacceptable
degradation of its safety or performance. The successful completion of the acceptance testing provides
substantial evidence for the integration of the materiel into Service use.
2.4 Acceptance testing should be conducted on production standard hardware. However, as acceptance
testing is usually undertaken before full production commences, it is almost always necessary to utilise pre-
production items. Consequently, evidence from acceptance testing may need to be accompanied by an
assessment or evaluation of the consequences of any differences in the build standard from that of the
production item.
3 Life Assessment and In-Service Surveillance
3.1 Life Assessment Testing effectively repeats the relevant aspects of acceptance testing at discrete
phases during the life of the materiel. The purpose of each phase of testing is to demonstrate again, at that
particular time, the ability of the materiel to resist the specified environments without unacceptable
degradation of its safety or performance. Consequently at each phase the testing needs to stress and
degrade the material to the degree likely to occur during the remaining portion of its Service use. The first
phase of life assessment testing uses new hardware, while the second and subsequent phases use
hardware which has ideally undergone the most severe 'natural' ageing and degradation to that stage.
3.2 Life Assessment Testing is required to complement acceptance testing when the materiel contains
items likely to experience significant degradation due to ageing during its Service life, and when that
degradation can significantly affect the operation or safety of the materiel. Life assessment testing may also
be adopted when the materiel is required to remain in Service for a protracted period or when the effects of
degradation due to ageing are not sufficiently well known. This type of testing is almost always necessary for
materiel containing degradable elements such as explosives and propellants or certain plastics and natural
materials. For elementary materiel, evidence from acceptance testing alone should be able to demonstrate
the adequacy of the materiel throughout its Service life.
3.3 In-Service Surveillance is sometimes considered as an alternative approach to life assessment testing
for providing progressive evidence that the materiel is on course to meet life requirements. In-Service
Surveillance is generally undertaken to demonstrate materiel performance at pre-determined intervals. The
main advantage of the in-Service Surveillance process over the life assessment process is that no artificial
ageing and degradation has to be induced and therefore assumptions or knowledge of likely failure modes
are not required. However, a demonstration of performance does not necessarily provide adequate evidence
that the materiel is on course to meet life requirements. This is particularly the case when ageing and
degradation may affect the safety of energetic materials.
3.4 Intelligent Surveillance (sometimes called Smart Surveillance) is a relatively new innovation developed
in order to reduce some of the over tests commonly experienced in type approval testing. Under an ISS
regime limited type acceptance testing would be conducted at the procurement stage which is intended to
prove the materiel is suitable for all the necessary environments but not necessarily for the entire Service
Life required. Life would then be extended by monitoring key material properties and their associated design
margins. Once the design margins or material properties are seen to be eroded to a significant degree Life
Assessment Testing would commence to provide further extended life until disposal, thus demonstrating the
adequacy of the material throughout its Service Life.
3.5 Both the Life Assessment Testing and In-Service Surveillance processes have specific advantages
and limitations; in practice the two processes are largely complementary. Intelligent Surveillance has some of
the advantages of both processes.
3.6 The control and management process associated with life assessment testing is directly analogous to
that for the environmental management process. The life assessment control and management process is
shown in Figure 1. This figure is similar in form to that presented in Chapter 2-01 for the Environmental
Management Process. Whilst it may be logical to plan life assessment and acceptance testing programmes
as separate entities, common aspects should be identified and used to minimise programme costs and
timescales. The following points should be noted:
60
Chapter 4-01
a) The life requirement for the materiel will be stated in the System Requirement Document and where
applicable is generally elaborated in the Overall Technical Requirement.
b) The strategy and content for the life assessment phases and testing should be set out in the Life
Assessment Management Plan. This plan is linked to the Integrated Test Evaluation and Assessment
Plan (ITEAP).
c) The documentation for life assessment testing is equivalent to that for acceptance testing. However, it
should be noted that the major portion of life assessment testing is undertaken some considerable time
after that for acceptance testing, and possibly will be subject to separate contractual arrangements.
Consequently, the relevant compliance statements may have voids and limitations for some
considerable time.
d) The Environmental Test and Assessment Specification relating to life assessment activities should set
out, in summary form, the tests in support of life assessment. The tests should also be included in the
Life Assessment Test Programme. The results from these tests will form the major part of the
compliance statements against each phase of the life requirements.
3.7 From the contractual viewpoint, an acceptance testing programme is almost always the simplest
approach to demonstrate the ability of the materiel, throughout its Service life, to resist the specified
environments. Moreover, the apportionment of responsibilities can be clearly defined. The use of either life
assessment or in-Service surveillance processes usually results in a more complicated contractual
arrangement and a less clear cut apportionment of responsibilities. This complication arises because life
assessment and in-Service surveillance processes may be required many years after the end of the materiel
development contract. To be effective life assessment testing (and in-Service surveillance) requires the
Service user to supply hardware that has undergone the most severe 'natural' ageing and degradation. In
adopting Life Assessment or In-Service Surveillance, the procurement authority is effectively acknowledging
that the materiel supplier is unable to guarantee in full the specified Service life.
3.8 As a consequence of the safety implications associated with Life Assessment testing of degradable
energetic elements, safety authorities have a major interest in this type of testing. Safety authorities such as
the Defence Ordnance Safety Group should on behalf of the procurement authority confirm, in safety terms,
that the life of the materiel for a particular phase has been estimated to a satisfactory confidence level.
3.9 Significant variations exist in the approaches used by different countries for establishing life and
replicating the ageing and degradation process, which can sometimes result in extensive additional testing to
meet the requirements of UK safety and procurement authorities.
4 Safety
4.1 Materiel containing hazardous components needs to undergo certain specific assessments to ensure
that the materiel remains safe under extreme environmental, hostile or accident conditions. The objectives of
safety testing are to provide evidence, which when incorporated into an associated assessment or
compliance statement, will demonstrate that the materiel meets the safety requirements specified in the
System Requirement Document (or in the Overall Technical Requirement Specification).
4.2 The paragraphs under this heading relate principally to safety tests undertaken on materiel containing
energetic materials, safety critical systems, stored energy devices or other items that could present a hazard.
The overall safety requirements for such materiel are defined in JSP 520 – Ordnance, Munitions and
Explosives Safety Management System. Safety testing undertaken to verify compliance of the materiel
against statutory requirements and criteria, such as Health and Safety regulations, are defined in JSP 375 –
MoD Health and Safety Handbook, and are outside the scope of this standard.
4.3 Safety tests are conducted in response to one of following three categories of safety requirements
related to environmental conditions. The associated information for each category should be set out in the
Environmental Requirement document:
61
Chapter 4-01
a) Worst case environments: The worst case environmental conditions are usually defined in the
Environmental Requirement document. Guidance on the derivation of these environmental conditions is
contained in Parts 4, 5 and 6 of this standard.
b) Credible accident scenarios: The derivation of abnormal environmental conditions arising from
credible accident scenarios should adopt essentially the same process as that for worst-case
environments. Moreover, all credible conditions accidents need to be identified and defined in the
system requirement documentation.
c) Hostile conditions: The hostile conditions that a particular materiel is required to survive are usually
defined in the System Requirement Document. In some cases these requirements may actually be in
the form of environmental conditions, but in others, suitable environments may need to be derived.
4.4 The test methods used for the worst case environments are usually identical to those used for
acceptance testing, but the test severities may sometimes be a little more severe. Credible accident
scenarios and hostile conditions usually require special tests whose severities are normally credible worst
case levels derived from hazard analyses. Guidance on topics such as hazard identification and analysis, the
setting of safety targets and risk assessment are to be found in AOP-15 – Guidance on the assessment of
the safety and suitability for service of non-nuclear munitions for NATO armed forces. Similar guidance is to
be found in Def Stan 00-56 - Safety management requirements for defence systems.
4.5 The test methods will normally include those specified in Part 3 Section 5 of this standard, which
covers the set of test methods referred to in STANAG 4439 addressing safety tests for Insensitive Munitions.
4.6 The test specimens used in tests undertaken to encompass credible accident scenarios and hostile
conditions may need to be pre-stressed and/or conditioned to place the materiel in a state in which it will
exhibit the worst case response to the test. Pre-stressing is applied to degrade the materiel and particularly
its explosive and propellant elements in a manner representative of natural ageing. Conditioning is generally
applied at upper or lower temperature extremes. The need for pre-stressing and/or conditioning as part of
the safety tests for credible accident scenarios and hostile conditions should be indicated by the hazard
identification and analysis activities, which should also indicate the degree of pre-stressing and/or
conditioning required.
4.7 Safety tests should ideally be conducted on production standard hardware. However, as they are
often undertaken before full production commences, it is almost always necessary to utilise pre-production
items. Consequently, evidence for safety compliance assessment may need to be accompanied by an
evaluation of the consequences of any differences in the build standard from that of the production item.
4.8 The relationship between safety testing and assessment with the relevant aspects of the
environmental control and management process (presented in Chapter 2-01) is shown in Figure 2. The
Safety Management Plan would be expected to link with the Integrated Test Evaluation and Assessment
Plan (ITEAP). The safety testing and assessment process is normally undertaken as an integral part of the
materiel acceptance testing programme. The safety test assessments are used directly to support the safety
compliance statements leading to System Acceptance.
5 Reliability
5.1 Reliability testing and assessment is undertaken to provide evidence that the materiel will be reliable
when subjected to the conditions likely to be encountered in Service use. The reliability assessment process
is addressed in Defence Standards 00-40 and 00-41. The following paragraphs address the relationship
between the reliability assessment process and the environmental engineering process, as presented in
Chapter 2-01. Project specific reliability requirements for materiel are defined in the System Requirement
Document and if applicable, expanded in the Overall Technical Requirement.
5.2 The reliability requirement (including statistical confidence level) will largely influence the approach
used for reliability assessment. However, reliability assessment is influenced by the type and cost of the
materiel, along with the character of its operational usage. The reliability assessment approach to be used
62
Chapter 4-01
should be set out in the Reliability Management Plan. That document is analogous to the Engineering
Integrity or the Design Assurance Plan and the Environmental Management Plan (see Chapter 2-02). The
Reliability Management Plan will state the requirements and objectives of any necessary testing which may
include system testing under operational conditions, and/or system (and/or sub-assembly) testing in the
laboratory.
5.3 Simulating the operational environments in the laboratory is the most commonly utilised approach for
reliability testing and assessment. A limitation on the use of laboratory testing for reliability testing is the
ability to replicate Service situations. Typically replicating such situations may require several environmental
conditions to be incorporated into the test sequence some of which may need to be applied simultaneously.
Appropriate effort should be invested in the definition of operational usage and the generation of 'simulation
test cycles', if accurate materiel reliability estimates are to be obtained. Setting a reliability test cycle by
simply adding a time component to worst case environmental conditions is unlikely to result in credible
materiel reliability estimates and is likely to seriously underestimate reliability.
5.4 Reliability testing generally adopts two categories of environmental testing, namely: Reliability Growth
testing to develop improved materiel reliability and Reliability Demonstration testing to ensure that the
reliability requirements have been achieved. The purpose of the two categories is as follows:
a) Reliability Growth: The purpose of Reliability Growth testing, also known as Reliability Development
testing, is to improve materiel reliability progressively. In particular it is intended to identify materiel
sensitive to environmental conditions and to ensure that reliability requirements are achievable. Any
failures induced during Reliability Growth testing should be realistic and typical of those that are liable to
occur during Service. Consequently, Reliability Growth testing should adopt test severities that are only
marginally higher than the mean levels for a specific environmental condition and should not normally
need to exceed the mean plus one sigma (standard deviation) value.
b) Reliability Demonstration: The purpose of Reliability Demonstration testing, also known as Reliability
Acceptance testing, is to demonstrate that during Service usage materiel reliability will be compliant with
the specified requirements. When this type of testing is conducted on production standard hardware it is
often termed Production Reliability Acceptance testing. Reliability Demonstration testing normally adopts
severities slightly lower than those selected for Reliability Growth testing. Ideally the severities should be
nominal unfactored values for a specific environmental condition, which will ensure that any induced
failures are representative of those from Service conditions.
5.5 Reliability Growth testing should not be confused with Development testing used for proving materiel
prior to acceptance testing. Those types of testing are undertaken to demonstrate the adequacy of materiel
to resist the highest Service environmental severities without unacceptable degradation of its functional
and/or structural performance. Moreover, it should not be confused with Design Margin tests, (although it
sometimes is) which may be undertaken during the early stages of the design process. Design Margin tests
can apply severities, of up to twice the highest Service levels, to subassemblies to quantify the 'margin' by
which they are able to withstand the Service loadings.
5.6 The control and management process for reliability testing is presented as a flow diagram in Figure 3,
in a similar form to that for the environmental management process described in Chapter 2-01. The initial
phases of the environmental management process, i.e. up to and including the generation of the
Environmental Requirement document, are identical to those in Chapter 2-01.
5.7 The reliability test objectives are derived from the reliability requirements and form part of the
Reliability Management Plan. This plan is linked to the Integrated Test Evaluation and Assessment Plan
(ITEAP). However, the selection of suitable test methods and the derivation of the associated test severities
should be based on the environmental conditions set out in the Environmental Requirement. Information on
environmental characteristics, test severities and test methods contained in Parts 4, 5 and 6 of this standard
are equally applicable to reliability testing as it is to environmental acceptance testing.
5.8 Once the reliability test methods and test severities have been established, the documentation for
reliability testing process should be identical to that for the environmental testing process. A reliability test
assessment is included which is considered to be particularly important as a means for demonstrating
compliance with the reliability requirements.
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Chapter 4-01
6 Environmental Stress Screening
6.1 The purpose of environmental stress screening is to identify weaknesses induced during manufacture
and assembly. The Environmental Stress Screening process is an integral part of the manufacturing quality
control process and is particularly relevant for materiel, such as electronic assemblies, which may be
degraded by deficiencies in the manufacturing process. The tests or screens are developed progressively
throughout the materiel development period, to ensure that sufficient confidence is generated in the screens
to be used on production hardware.
6.2 Generally, the severities used for Environmental Stress Screening tests should not exceed those
used for the materiel acceptance testing. Exceeding the acceptance severities may result in failures arising
from exceeding the design limits for the materiel rather than exposing weaknesses introduced during
manufacture and assembly.
6.3 When the Environmental Stress Screening process needs to adopt severities (amplitudes and
durations) similar to or greater than those of the actual environment, then the Environmental Requirement for
the materiel should include those levels. Such materiel may include that deployed only where operational
environments are benign, for example, computer equipment sited in storage depots, or where the most
severe environments occur only for very short periods such as during missile flight. In these cases realistic
severities for Environmental Stress Screening should be set by the Design Organisation and those levels
should form part of the Design Specification in addition to the Environmental Requirement.
6.4 For sensitive materiel Environmental Stress Screening may be required at progressive stages of
assembly from the lowest level of subassembly to the highest level of assembly. In such cases it is common
for the highest level of test severity to be applied at the lowest level of subassembly and the lowest severity
at the highest level of assembly. Such an approach has clear advantage in identifying failures early in the
manufacturing process.
6.5 Environmental Stress Screening is recommended for application to development hardware where it is
used for reliability demonstration trials.
6.6 As the driving factor for the inclusion of Environmental Stress Screening is to achieve the required
manufacturing quality, the onus is with the materiel supplier to decide whether it is necessary for the
development and/ or production programmes. Where Environmental Stress Screening is adopted detailed
specifications should be compiled from consultation between production, design and environmental
authorities. In some cases Environmental Stress Screening may be linked to the Integrated Test Evaluation
and Assessment Plan (ITEAP).
6.7 The influence of Environmental Stress Screening on the environmental control and management
process, as presented in Chapter 2-01, is shown in Figure 4. The strategy for the Environmental Stress
Screening programme should form part of the Environmental Management Plan. Conversely, and where
relevant, it might be prudent to state the reasons for not adopting any Environmental Stress Screening. The
Environmental Test and Assessment Specification should contain in summary form any tests identified to
develop the stress screens. These tests should also be incorporated into the Environmental Test and
Compliance Programme.
64
Chapter 4-01
System Requirement
Document (SRD)
Environmental Environmental
Verification Plan Requirement (ER)
Life Assessment
Management Plan
Life Assessment Test and

Life Assessment Test
Programme
Functional
Life Assessment Performance Test
Test Instructions Specification
Life Assessment
Process
Life Assessment
Tests
Test Reports
(Against Test Instruction)
Test Assessments
(Against the ER)
System Acceptance
Figure 1 Life Assessment Process
65
Chapter 4-01
System Requirement
Document (SRD)
Environmental Requirement Environmental Inputs to Safety Requirement

(Normal & Abnormal) Safety Management
Process
Safety Management Plan
Hazard Identification and

Analyses
Risk Level Assessment
Environmental Safety Test Requirements Safety Test

Management Plan to Environmental Requirements
Management Process
Safety Test
Specification
Test Instructions
Test
Programme
Safety Tests
Test Reports
inc. Post Test Examinations
Environmental Test Safety Compliance

Safety Test Assessments
Assessments to Safety Assessment
Management Process
System Acceptance
Environmental Management Process Extract from a typical Safety

Management Process
Figure 2 Relationship between Safety Tests and Environmental Management Process
66
Chapter 4-01
System Requirement
Document (SRD)
Environmental
Verification Plan
Environmental Inputs to
Environmental Requirement Reliability Requirement
Reliability Assessment
Process
Environmental Management Test Objectives to

Plan Environmental Reliability Management Plan
Management Process
Reliability Test/
Test Instructions
Test Programme
Functional
Reliability Tests Performance
Test Specifications
Test Reports
ReliabilityTest Assessments
Test Assessments to Reliability Compliance

Reliability Assessment Process Assessment
System Acceptance
Environmental Management Process Reliability Assessment Process
Figure 3 Relationship between Reliability and Environmental Management Processes
67
Chapter 4-01
Systems Requirement
Document (SRD)
Environmental
Verification Plan
Environmental Inputs
Environmental Requirement to Manufacturing Quality Requirement
Quality Assessment
Information from Environmental

Assessments undertaken during
Development Programme
Environmental Management Test Objectives to Environmental Stress Screening

Plan Environmental (ESS) Test Objectives
Management Process
Environmental Stress Screening

Test Specification
Functional
Test Instructions Performance
Test Specifications
Test Programme
ESS Tests
Test Reports
ESS Test Inputs to Manufacturing Quality

the Quality Process Compliance Statements
System Acceptance
Environmental Management Process Manufacturing Quality

Assessment Process
Figure 4 Relationship between Environmental Stress Screening and Environmental Management

Process
68
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Copying Only as Agreed with DStan
Defence Standards are Published by and Obtainable from:
Defence Procurement Agency
An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence
UK Defence Standardization
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Def Stan 00-35 Part 1 (Issue 4) - Environmental Handbook

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Def Stan 00-35 Part 1 (Issue 4) - Environmental Handbook

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Ministry of Defence

Defence Standard 00-35

Issue 4 Publication Date 18 Sept 2006

Environmental Handbook for Defence Materiel

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO THIS STANDARD

SECTION 2 CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT

SECTION 3 PROCUREMENT OPTIONS

SECTION 4 RELATED TEST TYPES AND PROCESSES

Amd No Date Text Affected Signature and Date

This standard is raised to Issue 4 to update its content.

This standard supersedes the following:

AvP35 - Environmental Handbook for Guided Weapons - 1966 to 1974

DEF STAN 00-1 - 1969

DEF STAN 07-55 - Environmental Testing of Service Materiel - 1975

STANAG 2831 - 1977

Defence Standard 00-35 Issue 3

Part 4 has been modified to include updated climatic maps.

Part 6 has not been amended at this time.

Environmental Handbook for Defence Materiel - Part 1 - Control

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO THIS STANDARD

PART 1 - Control and Management

PART 2 - Environmental Trials Programme Derivation and Assessment Methodologies

PART 3 - Environmental Test Methods

PART 4 - Natural Environments

PART 5 - Induced Mechanical Environments

PART 6 - Induced Climatic, Chemical and Biological Environments

4 Contract use of this standard

5 Terms and Definitions

A.2 Description of Materiel

b) Responsible for compiling Environmental Requirement documents or undertaking compliance

b) Materiel for deployment in space.

a) DEF STAN 00-970 for aircraft equipment.

b) DEF STAN 81-41 for general packaging.

c) DEF STAN 07-85 for weapons and associated systems.

d) DEF STAN 08-8 for packaging of explosives and ammunition.

e) JSP 520 for ordnance, munitions and explosives.

3 Acquisition of Related Standards

British Standards British Standards Institution

Tel: 020 8996 9000

Defence Standards UK Defence Standardisation

Tel: 0141 224 2503

A.1.1 The following NATO STANAGs are implemented by this standard:

⎯ STANAG 4240: Liquid fuel fire tests for munitions

⎯ STANAG 4241: Bullet attack test for munitions

⎯ STANAG 4375: Safety drop test for munitions

⎯ STANAG 4382: Slow heating tests for munitions

⎯ STANAG 4396: Sympathetic reaction munition test.

A.1.2 The following STANAGs are in the process of being implemented:

⎯ STANAG 4370: Environmental conditions and test procedures

⎯ STANAG 4570: Ability of materiel to meet extended life requirements.

SECTION 2 CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT

1 Introduction to the Process

a) Ensure that concise and unambiguous requirements are defined.

b) Ensure that a strategy is in place for undertaking the task.

c) Ensure that the task is adequately defined and managed.

a) Establish the environmental requirements for the materiel.

d) Undertake the defined environmental tasks to the authorised work programme.

2 The Process and its Supporting Documentation

3 Impact of the Process on Related Issues

Initial Main ISD

Concept Assessment Demonstration Manufacture In-Service Disposal

Figure 1 Materiel Programme Segmentation adopted by the MOD AMS

b: Formulate Strategy Environmental

Environmental Test Environmental Test