Asian Pacific
CAC BAI THI OLYMPIC TOAN
CHAU A THALBINH DUONG
(Phién ban 1-230505) : Tir nam 1989 dén 2005
© Copyright 2005
by Ha Duy Hung and www.ddtoanhoe.net
Tai ligu nay do tae gia va ban quan tri cia dign din Todn hoe tai
website www.ddtoanhoe.net gitt bain quyén. Bat ki hinh thiic sao chép
Tai mio cing nhu dang tai tai cde website khde du phai cé su cho phép
cilia tée gid va ban quan tri cla dign dan néi trén. © Hea Duy Heng
Céc hai thi Olympic Todin Chau A Thai Bink Duong
‘Toi nghe thi toi sé quén
Toi hoc thi
2 ©Ha Duy Hung Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong
\b
Asian Pacific
Hinh 1: Logo ciia cugc thi Ton APMO.
APMO [a viet tit cita cum tir "Asian Pacific Mathematics Olympi
14 mot cude thi Tosn hoc dan cho céc hge sinh cp do PITH &
nude thudc Chau A Thai Binh Duong. Cudc thi duoc bat diu tir nim
1989, dién ra trong mot ngay, trong méi bai thi cé nam bai toan, thoi
gian lam bai Ia 4 tigng, va khong duge sir dung may tinh trong phong
thi. Vigt Nam tham dy APMO Lin dau tign vao nam 1996 va ngay nam
6 chiing ta xép hang cao nhat, Do su cd vé dé thi nam 2001 cho nén
tirnim 2002 cho den nay Vigt Nam da khong tham gia ki thi nay nia,
Tirnam 1989 dén hat nam 2005 da dién ra ca thay 17 cude thi va do
6 di c6 téng cong 17 X 5 = 85 bai todn tix cude thi may.
Danh sch cdc ban doat huy chong ving APMO cia Vigt Nam qua
céc nam tham du (tir 1996 dén 2001):
1, Ng@ Dae Tuain: Khoi chuyén DHKHTN thanh pho Ha Noi, nam.
1996.
Lé Quang Nim: Khoi chuyén DHKHTN thinh pho Hé Chi
Minh nam 1997.
3. Doin Nhat Duong: Truong PTTH chuyén Thai Binh, nam 1998,
4, Le Thai Hoang: Khoi THPT chuyén DHSP Ha Noi, nam 1999.
: Trudng PITH chuyén Vinh Phiic, nim
v
5, Nguyén Trung
2000.
6. Vii Hoang Higp: Khoi THPT chuyén DHSP Ha Noi,nam 2001
3 1 Céc bai thi tir cude thi APMO
1.1 Lan thi nhat,nam 1989. .
1.2 Lin tht hai, nam 1990 .
1.3. Lanthit ba, nim 1991.
1.4 Lan thi tu, nam 1992
LS Linthitnam,nam 1993.2... --2--2-2-2--22-2+-2--
1.6 Lin thitsdu,nam 1994... 66 cece eee eee eee
1.7 Lanthi bay, nam 1995...
1.8. Lin thit tim, nam 1996
1.9 Lanthit chin, nam 1997...
1.10 Lan tht mudi, nam 1998... ee ee eee eee
1.11 Lan thit mudi mot,nam 1999 66. eee eee
1.12 Lan thé mui hai, nam 2000 .
1.13 Lan thit mudi ba,nam 2001.
1.14 Lan thi mui bén, nam 2002
1.15 Lan thit mudi nm, ndim 2003 6... eee
1.16
1.17 Lan tht mudi bay, nm 2005 6. ee eee
th mudi sdu,nam 2004.02.20... 000000000208 Chuong 1
Cac bai thi tir cuéc thi APMO
1.1 Lan thir nhat, nam 1989
1 (6 d6 m 18 86 nguyen duong), va dat
Hay bee tay
Ching minh ring ta 66 bat ding thie sau
a :
(14 wy) S14 54 Spee
(1+ ay) + (1+ 22 al
Ching minh rang phuong tinh
6(6a? + 3b? +
khong c6 nghigm s6 nguyen no ngoai nghigm tim thudng
ing Bf trung diém
cia doan thing A, By. G
st mhau tai Dy, va ring A, By 1 va Cy Apso edt nhau
6 dign tich cia hai tam gide AD; DD; va AE
Ayano
AnCu41 V8 ByAn
tai By. Hay tinh t
4. Kéhigu S'la tap hop gém c6 m
chat] y th f(c) > fly) Ha Duy Hing Céchai thi Olympic Ton Chau A Thai Binh Duong 7
1.2 Lan thit hai, nam 1990
1
. Chiing minh ring v6i moi so nguy
Cho tam giée AAABC véi G 1a trong tam. Goi D, 2, F lin lugt 18 trung diém
cita cdc canh BC, C'A va AB. V6i méi gid tri cha s6 do ciia ge BAC, c6
bao nhieu tam gidc khong déng dang ma AEGF Ia mot ti gide noi tigp 2.
Cho a;,02,.++,dy 1A ede $6 thye duong (v6in € Z,), va vi mdi k
2,.-.)n taki higu Sy, 12 tOng cha tit ca cdc tich cia k s6 duge ly tir ede
86 0), 9, ++, n. Hay chting minh ring
2
Se. ({) are
=12
véimoik=1,2,...,
X6ttdt ci cde tam gife ABC c6 canh AB 06 dinh va do dai cla dudng cao
xust phat tir dinh C cita tam gic ld khong déi. Héi rang trong céc tam gide
6, tam gide no ¢6 tich 46 dai ba dung cao ciia n6 dat gid tri 16n nhat?
Mot tap hop c6 1990 ngudsi duge chia thanh 4c tp con roi nhau theo céich
sau day
(a) Trong mot tp con bait ki khong c6 ngudi no quen tit cd moi ngudi
trong tap hyp d6,
ct ba ngudi bat ki trong cling mot tp hgp con, Iuén c6 hai ngudi
khong quen nhau,
(©) V6i hai ngudi bat ki trong cing tap hyp con ma khong quen nhau, luén
t6n tai mot ngudi cling trong tap con dé quen ci hai ngudsi tren
(b)
1) Ching minh ring trong méi tap con moi ngudi déu c6 s6 ngudi quen trong
tapd6 la bang nhau,
2) Hay xde dinh gid tri lén nhat c6 thé s6 ee tp con?
Cha §. Méi ngudi déu duge xem 1a quen chinh minh va néu ngudi A ma
quen ngudi B thi cling cé ngbia I’ ngudi B quen ngudi A.
n> 6 ton tai mot lue gid
thé chia né ra thinh diing n tam gicie déng dang véi nhau.
”) duge ki hiéu 1a t6 hop chap m cita n phan tit, cong thifc hién ca hé sé t6.
(7) =a
2.--k, tich ctia k 86 nguyen duong dau tien, Ha Duy Hing Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 8
1.3 Lan thit ba, nam 1991
1. Cho tam gide A ABC v6iG Ia trong tam va M 1a trung diém cita doan thing
XvaY tren cdc dung thing AC va AB, tuong img, sao
cho ba diém X,Y, G thang hang va déng thai YY song song véi BC. Gia
sit ring XC va GB cit nhau tai diém Q con YB va GC cit nhaw tai diém
P. Chimg minh ring tam gide AMPQ déng dang véitam gide ABC.
‘Trong mat phing cho 997 diém. Gi sit ring hai diém bat ki déu e6 doan
thang n6i ching va trung diém cia méi doan thang nhu thé dugc t6 méu do.
Chiing minh rang trong mat phing cé ft nhit 1991 diém mau dé va hay x3
dinh xem ligucé thé chon céc diém da cho sao cho cé ding 1991 diém miu
6 trong mat phang hay khong ?
3. Cho s6 nguyen duong n va 2n sO thye ducmg a;,02,2+254ny bib:
thoa man
abn
el
ay bag te + Dn
Ching minh ring
a+
mth ab,
ay +0:
4, Trong gid giai lao, n hoc sinh ngéi thinh mot vong trdn bao quanh thay giéo
ca ho dé cling tham gia mot cudc choi. Thay gio di theo chiéu ngugc kim
d6ng hé gain cdc em hoc sinh va dita cho cc em céim cdc cay nén theo quy
tic sau day. Thay giéo chon mot hoc sinh va trao cho hoc sinh dé mot cay
nén, sau dé Ong bo qua hoc sinh tig theo ri lai dura mot cay nén cho hoc
sinh ké tiép theo, réi Ong lai bd qua hai hoc sinh ké tigp va dura mot cay nén
cho he sinh ké tip, r6i ng lai bo qua ba em hoe sinh, réi ctf thé cif thé.
Hay xac dinh tit ca cdc s6 nguyén duomg n sao cho sau mot s6 hifu han vong
mdi hoe sinh c6 ft nhat mot cay nén.
5. Cho hai duéng tron tigp xiic v6i nhau va mot digm P nim trén tigp tuyén
chung ciia hai dudng tron mA vudng géc véi duing n6i hai tam ciia dudng
tron, Hay diing thud ké va compass dé dung tat cd cde durimg tron tig xtic
‘Gi hai dung tron da cho va di qua diém P.
Khong chién thang nao vinh quang hon 1a chién thang chinh ban
than minh.
VJ. Lenin Ha Duy Hing Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 9
1.4 Lan thit tu, nam 1992
1. Mot tam gide vi do di bacanh I a vac cho trade, Kf higu s 1 nta chu
- ee ae Ot be “sn ce wsh
viclia tam gide 46, nghia las =". Dung tigp mot tam gide véi ba
canh Li s =a, $= b vas —e. Qué trinh nay duge lam tigp tue cho dén khi
khong thé dung duye them mot tam gic no nita, Hy xdc dinh digu kign
cho tam gide ban dau dé qué trinh trén c6 thé thyc hign v6 han,
2.
Cho dung tron C cé tam 1 O va ban kinh r. Hai dudng tron C, c6 tam O;
‘va C2 c6 tam O, nam trong dutng tron C, tiép xtic trong véi C tai cic diém
twong ting I’ Ay va A» dng thos hai tiép xtic ngo’i nhau tai diém A. Ching
minh ring ba dutng thing OA, O1 Ap va Ooi déng quy.
Cho n Ia mot s6 nguyen In hon 3. Gid sit ring ching ta da chon ra ba s6 tir
tap hop {1, 2,---,n}. Sit dung mdi s6 trong ba s6 mot lin vadiing cde phép
odin cong, nhan, dau ngoie don dé tao ra tated cae t6 hgp cé thé
(a) Ching minh ring ngu cA ba s6 ta chon déu lon hon n/2 thi ca
cla cdc 6 hop néitrén fa khéc nhau.
(b) Cho p18 mot s6 nguyen 16 thod man p < /7. Chimg minh ring s6 tat
ca cic cach chon basé sao cho so bé nhat 1a p va cde gid tri cla cdc t6
hgp khong phai tat cd déu phan bigt ding bang s6 tat ci ee ude duwong
cla p=1.
gid ti
4. Hay xée dinh tit ca cde cap s6 nguyén duong (/, s) tho’ man tinh chat sau
day: Néu ta vé h duémg nam ngang va s dung thing khéc thoa man:
(a) Ching khong phai 1a duéng nim ngang,
(b) Khong cé hai dutmg thing nao trong chting song song
(c) Khong c6 ba duéng nao trong $6 h + s dutmg thing dé la déng quy,
thi s6 cdc mién duge tao ra bai h + s duimg thing dé diing bang 1992.
5. Hay xc dinh mot day s6 dai nhat bao gém cc sO nguyen khdc khOng tho’
‘man téng ciia bay s6 hang lién tiép bat ki déu duong va téng cia mudi mot
80 hang lien tigp bat Ki déu am.
Mathematics is an art, as an art choses the beauty and freedom
P. Morse 15
@©Ha Duy Hung Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 10
Lan thit nam, nam 1993
AABCD thoi man tat cd cdc canh ciia né bing nhau va sO de
a ‘ing 60°, Mot dudng thing (7) di qua digm D va khong cit ti
gide (trittai D), Goi F va F Lin lugt a giao diém ciia dudng thing (0) véi
hai duing thing AB va BC twong tmg. Goi AI 1A giao diém ca C'E va AF
Hay ching minh ring CA? =C M+ CE
Cho tii git
AB
Hay xéc dinh tat c& cdc gid tri nguyen kha nhau ciia ham so
t+ Bal + [5] +80)
khi ma bién thuc x chay trong doan thang [0, 100)
fe
Cho hai da thiéc he sé thite khdc khong e6 dang
F(a) = ant” + ant"! + ee tag
(2) = enya"! + ega” $ eee beg
va thod man g(x) = (a +r) f(x) vir 18 hing sO thue. Ki higu a
max(ldn|,---5[ao|} Vale = max{ensi|,---s|¢ol}. Ching minh rang a
e(n +1).
Hay xc dinh tit c& céc s6 nguyen duong n thod man phyong tinh
a" +(24+a)"+(2—2)"=0
la ll
6 nghigm s6 nguyen.
Cho 1993 diém phan bigt P;, P:,.++, Piass trong mat phing toa 46 thoa man
cc tinh chat sau
(a) Tat cd ede toa do cla P; Ha nguyen voi i = 1,2...,1993.
(b) Khong
va P,.. ma cé ca hai hoanh do va tung do 1a nhiing sO nguyen, voi
1 =0,1,.--51992.6 46 Py = Proos
Chimg minh rang c6 thé
thoa man tén tai mot
sao cho 2u va 2u la.
im duye s6 nguyen i mio dé, véi 0
sm @ €6 toa d@ (u,v) nam trén doan 1
ic 86 nguyen le.
< 1992,
ing PxPay
‘We must know, we will know
David Hilbert @©Ha Duy Hung Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 11
1.6 Lan thit sau, nam 1994
1, Hay xéc dinh tat ed —+ R thod min déng thoi cdc digu
kien sau day
(@) fo) + fy) +12 flery) = flo) + fly) voimoie,y ER
(b) f(0) > fe) v6i moi x € [0,1)
(© f)=1vaf(-)=-1
Cho tam giée A ABC khong suy bign c6 O Ia tam dung tron ngoai tigp tam
gide va truc tim HT va bin kinh dudng tron ngoai tigp 1a Fe thi ta c6 danh gid
OH <3R,
am Of:
3. Chom 1A mots6 nguyén duong.c6 dang a? + 1°, 6 dé a va b Ia céc 86 nguyen
nguyen t6 cing nhau va thoa man néu p 1a sO nguyen t6 khong vugt qué /7
thi p La use ciia ab, Hay xac dinh tat cd cdc s6 nguyen duwng n nhu thé.
4. Tén tai hay khong mot tap gém cé v6 han céc dim sao cho khéng cé ba
diém nao thang hang va khodng cach gitta hai diém bat ki déu la mot so hitw
vy
5. Ching ta
dang 10* viet trong co sé 10, véi & 1a s6 nguyén duong tuy
va C cing chifa cdc sé tong ting nhu vay nhung duge viet trong co’ sé 2 va
5 tuong ting (xem vi du dudi day)
AB c
10 1010 20
100 1100100 400
1000 1111101000 13000
Ching minh ring véi moi s6 nguyén duong n > 1, 06 diing mot s6 & ding
‘mot trong hai danh sch B hoae C’ thoa min 6 d6 ¢6 dking n chit so.
Lucky better than clever
Ngan ngit cé Hy Lap Ha Duy Hing Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 12
1.7 Lan thit bay, nam 1995
1. Xée dinh tat cf ede day sO thye a), 42,.+., 1995 thod man digu kign
Way —WFT > day — N41 voiN=1,2,.0451995
6 d6 tacoi argos =a.
Cho as,
min
+1 n Ri day ce $6 nguyen véi cée gid tri tir 2 dén 1995 thoa
(a) Bat ki hai trong so
v6i moi i,j € {1,2
86 néi trén déu nguyén t6 cling nhau, nghia fa,
51995} ma iH j thi ged(a;,a;)=1
(b) Véi mdi s6 hang cita day thi 1a s6 nguyen 16 hode 1a tich ella ede so
nguyén té phan biét.
(©) Khong ¢6 hai s6 nao trong day c6 cing ude nguyen 6.
Hay xéc dinh gi tri bé nhait c6 thé ciia n dé dim bio rang da
86 nguyen t6.
Cho tit gife PQRS noi tiép dutoe tho’ man digu kign PQ va RS khong song
song. Xét t§p tat cd cae duémng tron di qua hai diém P vaQ, va tap tit cd ede
dung tron di qua hai diém R va S. Hay xéc dinh tap hgp A tat cd cde diém
tip xticcia céc dutémg tron trong hai tap hop dé.
4. Cho € 1A mot dudng trdn véi ban kinh R va tim O, va S 1 mot diém co
dinh ben trong C. Cho A va BB! 1a cdc day cung vudng g6c v6i nhaw va
cing di qua diém S. Xét céc hinh chit nhat SAMB, SBN'A',SA'M'B!, va @©Ha Duy Hung Céchai thi Olympic Toan Chau A Thai Binh Duong 13
ém M,N’, M' va N khi
SB'NA, Hay xdc dinh tap hop tite
chuyén dong vong quanh ca dudng tron.
5, Tim sO nguyen duong & bé nhat thod man t6n tai mot him sO f di tir Zap
tat ca cde sO nguyen dén tap hop {1,2,..., 4} VGi tinh chat f(x) # f(y) véi
moi |x —y| € {5, 7,12}
Troi e6 bén mia, dat e6 bon phuong, con ngudi c6 bon dite "Can
i cong, vo tu” thiéu mot trong bon dite iy thi
Chai tich Hé Chi Minh
Asian Pacific ©Ha Duy Hung Céchai thi Olympic Ton Chau A Thai Binh Duong 14
1.8 Lan thir tam, nam 1996
Cho tit C= CD = DA. Goi MN va PQ I
dan thing wuong gc vi dung chéo FD va thst man khosing each gia
ching bingd > —-,v6i M € AD, Ne DC, P € ABvaQ € BC. Ching
minh rang chu vi cla luc gidée AIMNC@QP khong phu thude vio vi tr cia
MN va PQ khi ma khong cach gitta chting luon Ia hang s6.
Cho cac sé nguyén duong m va n thod man n < m. Ching minh bat ding,
thife
(m+n)!
an! < —
(m=n)
< <(m? +m)"
Cho bon diém P,
nditiép cia tam giée
Ching minh ring bon
Py, Ps, Py cing nim trén mot dudng tron va J; 1a tam
P,P,. Ce diém Is, Is, Is dutge xd dinh twong tu.
mI), I, Ty, I, 14 b6n dinh cia mot hinh chi nhat.
Hoi déng h6n nhan quéc gia muén mdi n cp tao thanh 17 nhém dudi céc
didu kien sau day:
(a) Tat cd céc thinh vién trong cing mot nhém phai c6 cing gidi tinh
(b) S6 ngudsi trong hai nhém chi sai khéc nhau hodc 1a 0 hoac la 1
(c) Tat cd cdc nhémcé it nhat mot ngudi.
(d) Méingudi phai thudc it nhat mot nhém.
996 cl
ic tra Idi clia ban.
Hay tim tat c cde 6 n thoa mann ia nhém nh trén 13
6 thé thyc hién due. Chimg minh
Cho a, b, ¢1a dé dai ba canh cia mot tam gide. Chimg minh ring
Vatbh—c+Vo+e—at Veta—b< Vat vb4+ve
va hay xe dinh xem khi no dang thie xiy ra dau bing
Cdn dudng dan téi vinh quang khong c6 dau chan cia ké Idi
biéng.
Ngan ngit co 19
1
3
Ha Duy Himg _ Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 15
Lan thit chin, nam 1997
Ta kf higu S'la gid tri cla ng
6 d6 cde miu s6 chiia cdc téng rieng cita day cdc s6 tam gide nghich dio,
Ching minh rang S > 1001.
Hay xdc dinh tat cd cde sé nguyén duong n thoa man 100 < n < 1997 vaso
M42
n
1 mot so nguyén.
Chotam gic ABC va ki higu
me ms me
w=, b=, ba
M.’ ° My M.
6 d6 14, mp, mM, dg dai ca cde duémg phan gic trong va M,, Mj, Mela
6 dai ciia cae duéng phan gide ngoai tinh tir dinh dén giao diém ciia n6 véi
dutng trn ngoai tip tam gide. Ching minh ring
la by le 33
in” ‘in? BY sin? ~ “
va dau bing xiy ra khi va chi khi ABC 1a mottam gite déu, equilateral
triangle,
. Cho tam gide Ay Ay An Vuong & Aa. Mot day cdc diém dutye xdc dinh nhur
qué tinh sau day. Tir diém A,, (6 d6n I mot s6 nguyen dutong, n > 3) mot
du’ing thing vudng géc duge vé cit Ay_24n_1 tai An
(a) Chimg minh ring néu qué tinh n6i trén 18 vo han, thi e6 ding mot diém
P nam trong tam giéc An 2Ay 1A, VOin > 3
(b) Cho A) va Ay [a cae diém c6 dinh. Xét tat ca cic kha nang c6 thé cla
Ay trén mat phang, tim qu¥ tich ciia diém P.
Gia sit rang c6 n ngudi Ay, Av,..., Ay, (n = 3) ngdi theo mot vong tron va
A;c6 a; vatthod man
a; + 0g++8 +a, =n
6 46 N 1a sO nguyén dung, Dé mai ngudi c6 ciing s6 vat, mdi ngudi Aj
dita hoje nhdn duge mot SO cde vat tir nhimg ngu’i ngéi bén canh 1a Ai 1
va Ajj. (6 d6 ta lay theo modulo n, nghia 18 higu Ay 1 1A, An cling c6
nghia 1a Ap), Hoi phai chuyén céc dé vat nhu thé ndo dé tng s6 cae dé vat
duge chuyén fi bé nhat. ©Ha Duy Hung Céchai thi Olympic Ton Chau A Thai Binh Duong 16
1.10 Lan thi mudi, nam 1998
1. Taki higu F Ia tap tit c& ca bo gém n phn tir (Au, Aa,
Aj 1a mot tp con cia tap hop {1, 2,..., 1998}. Ki higu |
cila tap hop A. Hay xiic dinh
SO [AU Agus Ag
(Anan leF
4,) tho’ man
| Tas6 cai phain tir
Ching minh ring véi moi sé nguyén duong a va b thi sé (36a + 6)(36b + a)
khong thé 1 luy thita clia 2
. Cho cdc s6 thue dung a, b,c. Ching minh ring
(C808) anb as)
4. Cho tam giée ABC voi D
chan duémg cao ha titdinh A. Cho Eva F
D thoi man AF vudng géc voi BC, AF
minh ring AN wong gée v6i NM.
5, Hay xc dinh sO nguyen duong n én nhat tho’ man n chia hét cho tat cd ede
86 nguyen ducng bé hon «7.
Nhing phét minh eiia toi duge bat
6n higu ba
vay khi hoc van dé nao toi cing phai hoc tap
Albert Einstein Ha Duy Hing Céchai thi Olympic Ton Chau A Thai Binh Duong
1.11 Lan thiét mudi mot, nam 1999
1
Hay x4e dinh so nguyen duong n bé nhat thod man tinh chat sau day: khong
t6n tai mOt cp s6 cong gm 1999 s6 hang ma trong dé chifa ding n sé
nguyén.
Cho day s6 thuc {a,,}°5 thoa man a;.; < a; +a, voi moi i, j =
Ching minh rang
a
tS ay
n
v6i méi sé nguyen duong n.
Cho hai dudng tron T) va P cét nhau tai hai diém P va Q. Tigp tuyén chung
cla hai duéng tron, dim ma gin P hon, tigp xiie voi & Ava tigp
xiie voi» tai diém B. Tigptuyén cia tai diém P edt P> 6 diém C kha
v6i P, va dung thing AP edit BC 6 diém R. Ching minh ring dudng tron
ngoai tiép tam gide APQR tip xiic voi BP va BR.
Hay xdc dinh tat cd cdc cap s6 nguyen (a,b) tho main tinh chit: cde s6
a? + Abva b? + da déng thai Li ede s6 chinh phuong.
Cho § 1a tap hgp gém cé 2n +1 diém trong mat phang thoa man khong cé ba
diém no thing hing va khong cé b6n diém no nam trén dudng tron. Mot
duing tron duge goi la 16% néu n6 chia ba diém cita $ (tie 18 e6 ba diém cia
S nim tren dudng tron d6), n —1 diém nam trong duéng tron van —1 diém
con Iai nam ngoai dung tron, Chimg minh ring s6 cae dutng tron 167 cing
tinh chin Ié voi n.
Moi thir déu do lam vige ma c6.
Alex Ferguson
17 Ha Duy Hing Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 18
1.12 Lan thit mudi hai, nam 2000
1, Hay xée dinh gid tri cia téng
a o
s=
Lice, +30
sey lOL.
— véimoid
101
2. Chomot tam gide ma tren dé dat ede dudng tron nhu hinh vé dui day
Sd6.x;
Méi mot trong cic $6 1,..., 9 S€ duge viet vao trong nhing duémg tron dé,
sao cho mdi dutng tron chifa ding mot so va thod man:
(a) Téng cia bén s6 trén méicanh ciia tam gidc 1a bang nhau.
(b) Téng cia binh phuong ciia bén sé trén méi canh ciing bang nhau.
Hay xéc dinh tat cd cdc cach dién s6 thoa man yeu cd,
3. Chotam gide ABC. Goi M va N Ia cde giao diém ciia duémg trung tuyén
va durding phan gide trong tai A vdi canh BC, tuong ting. Cho @ va P 1a diém
6 d6 ducting vudng géc tai diém N t6i NA cat MA va AB, tuong ting, va O
a diém ma 646 duimg wong géc tai diém P 161 BA cat AN. Ching minh
rang QO wong gée v6i BC.
4. Cho ede sé nguyén duong n va & thod mann > k. Chimg minh
1 nt nt n®
nl Beh < eln hy
¥y 0,1, 4+, 7. Mot chuyén tri cde a;
5. Cho mot hodn vi (a9, a1,+++, an) cla
va a; duge goi la hyp ly néu a; = 0 véii > 0, va a;_1-+1 = a3. Hoan vi
(a9, 01,44, dn) duge goi la chinh quy néu sau mot s6 cdc chuyén tri hgp Is
1nd tr6 thinh (1 n,0). Hoi rang 6 n phai tho man diéu kién gi thi
hodn vi (1,n,n— 1,+++,3,2,0) a chinh quy? Ha Duy Hing Céchai thi Olympic Ton Chau A Thai Binh Duong
1.13 Lan thit mudi ba, nam 2001
1
R
‘V6i mdi sé nguyen duong n ta kf higu $(n) 1a t6ng cia ce chit s6 viet trong
co si thap phan cia n, Bat ki mot s6 nguyen dutong ndo nhan duge bang cach
bd di mot s6 céc chit s6 (it nhat phai cé mot s6 bo di) tit cudi ben phai cla
bigu dign thap phan cian déu duge goi la mot go cla n. Ki higu T(n) Bi
tong cia tate cdc 86 goe cha n. Chang minh ring n= $(n)+9T(n),
. Tim s6 nguyen duong 1V Ién nat thoa main s6 cdc s6 nguyen trong tp hgp
{1,2,.04,.N'} chia hét cho 3 bing véi s6 cae s6 nguyén trong tap dé ma chia
het cho 5 hoge 7 hoae ca hai
Cho hai da gide déun canh S va T trong mat phing thoa man giao iia ching
1a mot 2n gic (n > 3), Cac eanh cla da gide S duge to mau dé va cae canh
cla T duge t6 mau xanh. Chimg minh ring (ng cde do dai ciia cde canh c6
miu xanh clla da gide SIM T bang téng do dai cia cdc canh to miu dé.
Mot diém trong mat phang toa d6 duge goi 1a diém hdn tap néu mot trong
cc toa dé cia né 14 hitu ty va edi cin lai I& vO ty. Hay xc dinh tat c&
da thie v6i he 86 thye thoa man céc dé thi ciia ching khong chifa mot di
hén tap no ca.
. Hay xe dinh sé nguyén 1én nhat n, thod man c6 n + 4 diém A, B,C, D,
Xi.Xo,
méii
X;, trong mat phing véi AB 4 C’D thoa man diéu kién sau: v¢
+o necie tam gide AABX; va ACDX; 1a bang nhau.
"Néu nhur toi da phat hién nhing chan ly méi mé nao dé trong
Khoa hoc thi toi 6 thé khang dinh rang tat cd cdc chan ly d6 déu
hoac 1d nhimg hé qua truc tiép ciia nam hay séu bai toan chit yeu
ma toi da giai duge, hoac tuy thudc vao cac bai toan do va toi xem.
chiing nhur nhimng cude chién dau trong a6 niém vui thang loi thude
Decartes
19 @©Ha Duy Hung Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 20
1.14 Lan thit mudi bén, nam 2002
1
R
Cho cde $6 a1, 03,444, dy Ia daly cic sO nguyen khong am, &d6 m 1a mot so
nguyen duong, Dat
Gta fet an
- n
An
Ching minh ring
sagh > ((Anl!)"
Hay xc dinh tat cd cdc sé nguyen dutong a va b thoa min
déng thdi 1a cdc s6 nguyén.
Cho tam gide AABC déu. Diém P nim trén canh AC va Q nim tren canh
4B sao cho ca hai tam giée AABP va AACQ déunhon, Ki higu R
cia tam gite AABP va S 1a tryc tam cia tam gide AACQ. Goi T i
digm giao ca ee doan thing BP va CQ. Hay xéc dinh tit cd cde gi tricé
thé ciia g6e CBP va BCQ sao cho tam gide ATRS Ia déu
Cho cdc s6 thye dutong.r, y, 2 tho’ min
1441
n'y
Ching minh ring
Vatyet yt art Vet aye Vryet Ve+Votve
Ki higu RA tap tat ed cde 86 thye, Hay xac dinh tit c& cdc him sO f di tie R
vao R thod man dng thoi hai diéu kign sau day
(a) C6 hitu han s6 thc s € R thod min f(s) =0 va
(b) fot +y) =0°f(0) + F(F(y)) voimoi ey ER
Ban khong nhait thidt pha
thi ban nén tin vio sich,
vao Chéa, nhung da la mot con ngudi
Paul Erdos Ha Duy Hing Céchai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 21
1.15 Lan thit mudi nam, nam 2003
1
Cho ede s6 thy a,b, ¢,d,e, f thod man da thite
p(w) =a° — 4a? +705 + an + br! +er3 +de*+er+ f
phan tich thanb tich ciia tém nhan tir tuy¢n tinh 2 — 2, vi ay > 0 véi
1=1,2,++4,8. Xéc dinh tt ca cdc gid tri c6 thé clia f.
Gia sirring ABCD Ia mot hinh wuong c6 d6 dai canh 1a a. Trén mat phing
6 hai dung thang /; va /, song song cach nhau mot doan Ia a. Hinh vuong
ABCD duoc dat trén mat phing dé sao cho cdc canh AB va AD giao |; tai
F. va F tuong tmg. Déng thai, cde canh C'B va CD giao ly & tai G va IT
tuong ting, Cae chu vi ela tam giée AABF va ACGH lam, vam, tuong
mg. Chimg minh rang téng.ciia my + my khong phy thude vio cach dat eiia
hinh vuong.
Cho & > 14 fi mot sd nguyen, va py Ia sO nguyen 16 16m nhs bé hom han k
Ban c6 thé gid si ing py > “>. Cho n la mot hop s6 nguyen. Ching minh
ring
(a) Néun = 2p,, thin khong chia hét (n — k)!
(b) Néwn > 2p, thi n chia hét (n — A)!
Cho a, b,c d0 dai ba canh cia mot tam gide, thoa man a+b-+e= 1, va
chon > 21 mots6 nguyen. Chimg minh ring
Vari + Vir ret + Ye ak < 14
Cho hai sé nguyén m van, tim sOnguyén duong bé nhiit k tho’ man gitta
A nguisi bit ki, hog 1A c6 2m ngudsi trong sO ho ma c6 thé tgo thanh m cap
quen biét in nhau hoge 18 c6 2n ngubi trong s6 ho ma cé6 thé tgo thanh
cap khong quen biét nhau.
i rng biét, khong biet thinéi ring khong b
Khong Tit Ha Duy Hing Cachai thi Olympic Todn Chau A Thai Binh Duong 22
1.16 Lan thit mudi s4u, nam 2004
1
Hay xéc dinh tat ed cée tap hop hitu han S cdc s6 nguyen duong thod man
at gy
ged(i, j)
1a mot phin tir cia S v6i moi i,j ES
Cho O Ia tam dudng tron ngoai tigp va 7 Ia truc tam cita tam gide A ABC.
Ching minh ring dign tich ciia mot trong céc tam gide AAOH, ABOH va
ACOH Ia bing t6ng cia hai tam giéc cdn lai
Cho § 18 mot tap hgp bao gém 2004 diém trong mat phing, sao cho khong
6 ba diém nao thing hang, Ki higu £ Ia tap hgp tit cd cde dung thang duge
xc dinh bai mot cap diém tit tap hgp S. Ching minh ring c6 thé t6 mau cae
diém cia S véi it nhat hai mau, thoa man bat ki diém p,q ndo cla S,s6 cdc
dung thang trong £ ma téch hai diém p va q 12 s6 1é khi va chi khi ching
cé cling mau. (Mot dutng thang J duge goi la tach hai diém p va q néu p va
You might also like
