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Lab File

Session-2018
Semester Spring 2020
ME-224 L: Mechanics of Machines Lab

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology


Lahore. (KSK Campus)
Article I. Table of Contents
Lab Timetable........................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Lab Online Timetable............................................................................................................................................................4

List of abbreviations..........................................................................................................................................................5
Lab Skelton and detailed lab plan.........................................................................................................................................6

Detailed lab plan............................................................................................................................................................... 7


List of Program Learning Outcomes..................................................................................................................................8
List of CLOs mapped with PLOs.........................................................................................................................................9
Components of Assessment................................................................................................................................................10

CLOs with relevant assessment.......................................................................................................................................11


Semester Calendar..............................................................................................................................................................12

Rubrics for Lab Assessment.................................................................................................................................................15

Rubrics for Psychomotor Domain....................................................................................................................................15


Rubrics for Affective Domain...........................................................................................................................................15
Graded Quizzes................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Evidence of Psychomotor Assessment................................................................................................................................24

Evidence of Affective Assessment.......................................................................................................................................28

Results................................................................................................................................................................................. 31

SAR from LMS...................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Section Course Outline........................................................................................................................................................33

CLO attainment report (LMS)..............................................................................................................................................34

Class Attendance Report.....................................................................................................................................................35

CQI Psychomotor.................................................................................................................................................................36

Sample Lab Reports.............................................................................................................................................................38


Lab Timetable
Lab Online Timetable
List of abbreviations

CLOs Course Learning outcomes

PLOs Program Learning outcomes

CQI Continuous Quality Improvement

CEP Complex Engineering Problem

CW Course Work
Lab Skelton and detailed lab plan
BSc. Mechanical Engineering (Session – 2018)
4th Semester

B.SC. Mechanical Engineering Course Skeleton

Course: Name of Instructor:


Class Semester Duration
Mechanics of Muhammad Adeel
2018 Feb-Jul 2020
Machines Lab Munir 4th

Class Timings:
(Lab)
Credit hours: Wednesday 08:00 am – 11:00 pm Section A
1
Wednesday 1:00 pm – 4:00 pm Section B
Course Outline:

Experimental Facilities:

 Balancing Machine

 Cam and Follower Mechanism

Prerequisite

Engineering Dynamics

Recommended Books

1. Mechanics of Machines, Elementary theory and Examples by John Hannah and R.C Stephens
2. Mechanics of Machines, Advanced theory and Examples by John Hannah and R.C Stephens
3. Kinematics, Dynamics and design of Machinery by Kenneth J. Waldron/ Gary L. Kinzal
4. Mechanics of Machines by W.L Cleghorn
5. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms by John J. Uicker, Gordon R. Pennock, Joseph E. Shigley
6. Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery by Charles E. Wilson, J.Peter Sadler
Detailed lab plan

Experiment No. Description


Experiment No. 1 To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane at equal radii.

Experiment No. 2 To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane at different radii.

Experiment No. 3 To balance two rotating masses with a single mass rotating in the
same plane at equal radii.

Experiment No. 4 To balance two rotating masses with a single rotating mass rotating in
the same plane at different radii.

Experiment No. 5 To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass
(balancing mass) rotating in the same plane at equal radii.

Experiment No. 6 To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass
(balancing mass) rotating in the same plane at different radii.

Experiment No. 7 To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different
plane at equal radii when plane of disturbing mass is between the
planes of two balancing mass.

Experiment No. 8 To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different
plane at different radii when plane of disturbing mass is between the
planes of two balancing mass.

Experiment No. 9 To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in same plane at
equal radii when planes of balancing mass is on either side of the
planes of two disturbing mass.

Experiment No. 10 To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in same plane at
different radii when planes of balancing mass is on either side of the
planes of two disturbing mass.

Experiment No. 11 To balance different masses rotating at different radii in the different
planes.

Experiment No. 12 To determine a graph of follower displacement against


angular rotation of the cam

Experiment No. 13 To draw the cam profile machine and draw the cam profile using
displacement diagram with the help of displacement curve for
uniform velocity
List of Program Learning

PLO-01: Engineering Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and


engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

PLO-02: Problem Analysis: An ability to identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.
PLO-03: Design/Development of Solutions: An ability to design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design systems, components, or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate
consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

PLO-04: Investigation: An ability to investigate complex engineering problems in a methodical way


including literature survey, design and conduct of experiments, analysis and interpretation of
experimental data, and synthesis of information to derive valid conclusions.

PLO-05: Modern Tool Usage: An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling, to complex
engineering activities, with an understanding of the limitations.
PLO-06: The Engineer and Society: An ability to apply reasoning informed by contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice and solution to complex engineering
problems.

PLO-07: Environment and Sustainability: An ability to understand the impact of professional


engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate knowledge of and need
for sustainable development.
PLO-08: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of engineering practice.
PLO-09: Individual and Teamwork: An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team,
on multifaceted and/or multidisciplinary settings.
PLO-10: Communication: An ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in writing on
complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as
being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentations, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PLO-11: Project Management: An Ability to demonstrate management skills and apply engineering
principles to one’s own work, as a member and/or leader in a team to manage projects in a
multidisciplinary environment.
PLO-12: Lifelong Learning: An ability to recognize importance of, and pursue lifelong learning in
the broader context of innovation and technological developments
List of CLOs mapped with PLOs

# Course Learning Outcomes Program Learning Objectives (PLOs) Assessment


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Conduct various
experiments related to 2 Psychomotor
mechanics of machines.

2 Analyze and interpret the Cognitive


results of experiments in 2
written and graphical format.

3 Behave as instructed while 2 Affective


in a group activity.

4 Simulate an engineering 2
problem by using a software Psychomotor
package.

1-Low 2- Medium 3- High


Components of Assessment

Assessment during the semester = 100 marks

Psychomotor = 40

Cognitive = 40

Affective = 10

Semester projects = 10

Total = 100 marks


CLOs with relevant assessment

Sr. Course Learning Outcomes Domain Level PLO Weightage


No.

1 Conduct various experiments related to Psychomot P2 PLO-9 40 Experiment


Machining lab. or performanc
e

2 Analyze and interpret the results of experiments Cognitive C4 PLO-10 40 Quiz, lab
in written and graphical format. report,
viva,
assignment
s

3 Behave as instructed while in a group activity. Affective A2 PLO-8 10 Rubrics


based
physical
performanc
e
evaluation

4 Simulate an engineering problem by using a Psychomot P3 PLO-5 10 Semester


software package. or projects
Semester Calendar

Spring 2020

Commencement of Semester: 20-01-2020

Quiz 1: 18 02-2020 to 25-02-2020

Mid Term Exam: 13 04-2020 to 17-04-2020

Final viva 01 09-2020 to 04-09-2020

Final Comprehensive exam 09 09-2020 to 18-09-2020

Compilation of Result: 18 09-2020 to 25-09-2020


Course Outline (Week and Lab session Wise)

Week No. Course Content to be Covered

--- Description Objectives CLO’s Mapping

1,4
Balancing of single disturbing
Experiment No. 1 mass with single balancing mass
1 22/01/2020 rotating in same plane at equal
radii.
1,4
Balancing of single disturbing
Experiment No. 2 mass with single balancing mass
2 29/01/2020 rotating in same plane at different
radii.
1,4
Experiment No. 3 Balancing of two rotating masses
with a single mass rotating in the
3 05/02/2020 same plane at equal radii
1,4
Experiment No. 4 Balancing of two rotating masses
with a single mass rotating in the
4 05/02/2020 same plane at different radii
1,4
To balance three masses (rotating
Experiment No. 5 masses) with a single mass
5 12/02/2020 (balancing mass) rotating in the
same plane at equal radii.
1,4
To balance three masses (rotating
Experiment No. 6 masses) with a single mass
6
19/02/2020 (balancing mass) rotating in the
same plane at different radii.
1,4
To balance one rotating mass by two
Experiment No. 7 masses rotating in the different plane
7 at equal radii when plane of
26/02/2020 disturbing mass is between the
planes of two balancing mass.
Mid Term Quiz 3
8
+Assignment

To balance one rotating mass by two 1,4


Experiment No. 8 masses rotating in the different plane
9 at different radii when plane of
04/03/2020 disturbing mass is between the
planes of two balancing mass.

1,4
To balance two rotating masses by
Experiment No. 9 one mass rotating in same plane at
10 equal radii when planes of balancing
11/03/2020 mass is on either side of the planes
of two disturbing mass.
1,4
To balance two rotating masses by
one mass rotating in same plane at
11 Experiment No. 10 different radii when planes of
25/08/2020 balancing mass is on either side of
the planes of two disturbing mass.
1,4
Experiment No. 11 To balance different masses rotating
12 at different radii in the different
26/09/2020 planes.
1,4
Experiment No. 12 To determine a graph of
13 follower displacement against
27/09/2020 angular rotation of the cam
1,4
To draw the cam profile machine
Experiment No. 13 and draw the cam profile using
14 displacement diagram with the help
28/09/2020 of displacement curve for uniform
velocity
3
15 End Term Quiz + Viva

16 End Term Quiz + Viva 3


Rubrics for Lab Assessment
Rubrics for Psychomotor Domain
Domain Action verb Poor [3] Average [5] Good [8] Outstanding [10]
Level

Imitate Follow Does not follow Experimental Able to follow Able to follow
(P1) experimental procedures most often experimental experimental
procedure followed, but procedure with procedure without
occasional oversight little assistance any assistance
leads to loss of
experimental efficiency

Manipulate Perform Does not operate Is tentative in operation Can operate Can operate
(P2) instruments and of instruments and instrumentation instrumentation
equipment, does equipment and and
so incorrectly
equipment with equipment without
little assistance supervision

Precision Demonstrate Does not Cannot demonstrate Can demonstrate Able to


(P3) understand experiment without experiment with demonstrate
experimental assistance. little assistance. experiment
procedures without assistance.

Rubrics for Affective Domain


Domain Action verb Poor [3] Average [5] Good [8] Outstanding [10]
Level

Receiving Pay Does not listening Listening instructions Listening Listens attentively
(A1) Attention the instructions with less focus instructions with to the instructions
good focus

Responding Participate Cannot answers Answers few questions Answers most of Answers the
(A2) the questions put put up during sessions questions put up questions put up
up during during sessions during sessions
sessions

Valuing Arguing Does not Follow Follows few of the Follows most of Follows the
(A3) the instruction instruction the instruction instruction
effectively effectively
Graded Quizzes
Sample Quiz 1
Best Quiz
Average Quiz
Worst Quiz
Sample Quiz
Best Quiz
Average Quiz 2
Worst Quiz 2
Evidence of Psychomotor Assessment
Psychomotor Assessment (Section A)
Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp
Reg # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total/40
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 0 10 0 10 10
301 38
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 0 10 0 10 10
302 33
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 0 10 0 10 10
304 37
2018-ME-
10 5 8 8 8 8 5 10 8 8 8 8 10
305 31
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 0 10 0 10 10
306 37
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 0 10 0 10 8 0 8 8 8
307 25
2018-ME-
8 0 8 10 10 10 8 8 8 10 8 10 10
308 33
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 0 10 0 10 10
309 38
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
310 33
2018-ME-
8 8 10 8 10 8 8 10 8 10 8 8 10
311 35
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 8 10 10
312 40
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
313 33
2018-ME-
5 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 8 5 8 8
314 29
2018-ME-
8 10 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 10 10 8 10
315 37
2018-ME-
5 5 5 0 8 8 8 0 8 8 8 0 8
316 20
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 5 8 5 8 8
317 25
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 10 10 8 10 8 10 8 8
318 37
2018-ME-
10 10 10 8 8 10 10 10 10 8 10 8 10
319 37
2018-ME-
5 8 5 8 8 5 8 8 0 8 0 8 8
320 28
2018-ME-
10 10 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 8 10 8 10
321 38
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 8 10 8 10
322 38
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 8 10 8 10
323 37
2018-ME- 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 20
324
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
325 32
2018-ME-
10 5 8 8 10 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 8
326 32
2018-ME-
8 8 8 10 8 8 8 8 10 8 10 10 10
327 36
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
329 32
2018-ME-
10 10 8 8 8 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
330 27
2018-ME-
5 5 5 8 5 8 3 0 3 5 3 8 3
331 21
2018-ME-
10 8 10 10 8 8 10 10 10 8 10 10 10
332 38
2018-ME-
5 8 5 8 8 5 8 8 10 8 10 8 3
333 26
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
334 31
2018-ME-
5 10 10 5 10 5 5 10 10 10 10 5 5
335 31
2018-ME-
3 8 5 3 5 8 3 0 3 5 3 3 0
336 23
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
338 33
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 8 10 10
339 39
2018-ME-
5 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
340 32
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 5 8 5 8 8
341 31
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 8 3 8 8
342 29
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 5
343 31
2018-ME-
3 3 3 8 3 8 5 8 5 3 5 8 3
344 20
2018-ME-
8 8 5 8 8 5 8 8 5 8 5 8 8
345 25
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
346 33
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 8 10 8 8
347 35
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
348 36
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0 10 0 10 10
349 31
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
350 31
Psychomotor Assessment (Section B)
Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp
Reg # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total/40
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 10 8 8 10 0 8 10 0 10
351 30
2018-ME-
3 10 10 0 10 10 10 10 8 10 10 8 10
352 33
2018-ME-
8 8 0 3 0 8 0 8 8 0 8 8 0
353 22
2018-ME-
5 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 5 8 8 5 8
354 28
2018-ME-
8 10 10 8 5 8 10 8 10 10 8 10 10
355 33
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 8 8 10 8 10
356 39
2018-ME-
8 1 8 8 8 8 8 0 5 8 0 5 8
357 23
2018-ME-
8 8 0 8 8 0 10 8 0 10 8 0 8
358 21
2018-ME-
10 10 10 8 8 10 10 0 10 10 0 10 0
359 28
2018-ME-
5 8 5 8 8 10 8 8 10 8 8 10 8
360 33
2018-ME-
10 10 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
361 35
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
362 34
2018-ME-
8 8 0 10 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
364 32
2018-ME-
10 5 10 3 10 3 10 10 3 10 10 3 10
366 29
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
367 32
2018-ME-
10 8 10 8 10 10 8 10 10 8 10 10 10
368 38
2018-ME-
0 8 10 0 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 10 10
369 28
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 0 8 0 8 8 0 8 10
370 26
2018-ME-
0 0 8 8 8 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 0
371 23
2018-ME-
8 5 8 8 5 10 10 10 3 10 10 3 10
373 31
2018-ME-
3 8 0 10 8 8 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
374 22
2018-ME-
5 0 5 8 0 5 8 8 0 8 8 0 3
375 20
2018-ME-
8 8 0 8 8 0 8 8 0 8 8 0 8
376 23
2018-ME-
5 10 10 5 10 10 5 10 10 5 10 10 5
377 33
2018-ME- 3 8 5 3 5 8 3 10 10 3 10 10 5 26
378
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
380 31
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 0 10 8 0 10 8 0
381 33
2018-ME-
5 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
382 33
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 5 8 8 5 8
383 33
2018-ME-
0 10 0 10 0 10 8 10 0 8 10 0 8
384 21
2018-ME-
10 10 0 10 0 10 8 10 0 8 10 0 10
385 24
2018-ME-
10 10 5 10 10 5 8 10 0 8 10 0 10
386 32
2018-ME-
10 10 8 8 10 8 5 10 8 5 10 8 10
387 34
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 0 8 10 0 10
389 34
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 10 10 0 10 8 0 10 8 8
390 33
2018-ME-
8 0 8 3 0 10 8 0 8 8 0 8 10
391 22
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 3 8 10 0 8 10 0 3
392 28
2018-ME-
8 10 8 8 8 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
393 34
2018-ME-
8 8 8 8 10 10 0 10 8 0 10 8 8
395 33
Evidence of Affective Assessment

Affective Assessment (Section A)


Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp
Reg # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total/10
2018-ME-301 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-302 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-304 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 0 8 10 0 10 9
2018-ME-305 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 10 8 10 8
2018-ME-306 10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 8 8 10 8 10 9
2018-ME-307 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-308 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-309 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-310 10 8 10 8 8 10 8 10 8 8 10 8 10 9
2018-ME-311 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-312 3 5 10 5 10 5 5 5 8 5 5 8 10 6
2018-ME-313 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-314 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-315 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-316 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-317 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-318 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-319 10 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9
2018-ME-320 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-321 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-322 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-323 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-324 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-325 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-326 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-327 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-329 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-330 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-331 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-332 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-333 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-334 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-335 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-336 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-338 8 5 3 8 5 8 8 8 3 8 8 3 8 5
2018-ME-339 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-340 10 10 8 8 8 10 10 8 10 10 8 10 8 9
2018-ME-341 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-342 8 10 8 10 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 10 8 9
2018-ME-343 8 8 10 8 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 9
2018-ME-344 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2018-ME-345 8 8 10 8 8 3 8 8 10 8 8 10 10 8
2018-ME-346 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-347 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-348 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-349 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
2018-ME-350 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Affective Assessment (Section B)


Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp Exp
Reg # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total/10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
351 10
2018-ME-
10 10 8 10 8 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 8
352 9
2018-ME-
10 10 8 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 9 0 10
353 9
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
354 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 10 8 10 8 10
355 9
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
356 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
357 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
358 9
2018-ME-
10 8 10 8 8 10 8 10 8 10 10 8 10
359 8
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
360 10
2018-ME-
3 5 10 5 10 10 5 10 5 10 5 8 10
361 9
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
362 8
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
364 8
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
366 8
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
367 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
368 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
369 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
370 10
2018-ME- 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
371
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
373 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
374 10
2018-ME-
3 10 3 3 5 3 10 5 10 10 3 3 3
375 5
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
376 9
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
377 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
378 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
380 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
381 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
382 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
383 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
384 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
385 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
386 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
387 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
389 10
2018-ME-
8 5 3 8 5 8 8 8 5 3 8 3 8
390 9
2018-ME-
3 10 3 3 10 3 3 10 3 10 3 3 10
391 5
2018-ME-
10 10 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 8 8 10 8
392 10
2018-ME-
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
393 10
2018-ME-
8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
395 10
9/8/20 Mark

University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Kala Shah Kaku Campus)


Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSK)
Semester: SPRING 2020
Session: B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering 2018 (Fall-
Morning) Dated:2020-09-08

Subject Name: ME-224L Mechanics of Machines Section: A Printed Date:


Grade A+ A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D F Pass
No. of Student 0 2 10 34 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Values -- 92.0 89.0 60.0 55.0 53.0 52.0 51.0 50.0 48.0 45.0 0.0 0.0
Registration Student Lab Semester Total
Quiz+Viva Psychomotor Affective Grade
No Name report Project Weightage
2018-ME- Abu Bakr
18.0 38.0 10.0 14.0 9.0 89.0 A-
301 Mujahid
2018-ME- Usama
16.0 33.0 10.0 14.0 9.0 82.0 B+
302 Ishtiaq
2018-ME- Muhammad
20.0 37.0 9.0 14.0 9.0 89.0 A-
304 Syam
2018-ME-
Ali Hamza 16.0 31.0 8.0 15.0 8.0 78.0 B+
305
2018-ME- Hamza
20.0 37.0 9.0 14.0 8.0 88.0 B+
306 Iftekhar
2018-ME- Hamza
6.0 25.0 10.0 16.0 8.0 65.0 B+
307 Kamran
2018-ME- Ahmed
20.0 33.0 10.0 14.0 8.0 85.0 B+
308 Maqsood
2018-ME- Shamaz Ali
20.0 38.0 10.0 16.0 8.0 92.0 A
309 Khan
2018-ME-
Vaiz Sagar 16.0 33.0 9.0 15.0 8.0 81.0 B+
310
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Abdul 20.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 88.0 B+
311
Hannan
2018-ME-
Moon Ali 20.0 40.0 6.0 15.0 8.0 89.0 A-
312
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Zain 16.0 33.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 82.0 B+
313
Asghar
Hafiz
2018-ME- Muhammad
12.0 29.0 10.0 13.0 8.0 72.0 B+
314 Mufeez
Ilyas
2018-ME- Ali Raza
20.0 37.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 90.0 A-
315 Riaz
2018-ME- Ahmad
10.0 20.0 10.0 12.0 8.0 60.0 B+
316 Alam
Touseef
2018-ME-
Usman 12.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 70.0 B+
317
Khan
2018-ME- Talha
20.0 37.0 10.0 14.0 8.0 89.0 A-
318 Mustafa
2018-ME- Umer
20.0 37.0 9.0 12.0 8.0 86.0 B+
319 Farooq
2018-ME- Muhammad
12.0 28.0 10.0 16.0 8.0 74.0 B+
320 Hamza

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/33449 1
9/8/20 Mark
Registration Student Lab Semester Total
Quiz+Viva Psychomotor Affective Grade
No Name report Project Weightage
Hafiz
2018-ME-
Muhammad 20.0 38.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 91.0 A-
321
Mudasir
2018-ME- Muhammad
20.0 38.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 91.0 A-
322 Haris
2018-ME- Abdul
20.0 37.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 90.0 A-
323 Wahab
2018-ME- Haris
8.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 61.0 B+
324 Saleem
2018-ME- Raza
20.0 32.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 82.0 B+
325 Rafique
2018-ME-
Ali Raza 17.0 32.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 82.0 B+
326
2018-ME- Muhammad
20.0 36.0 10.0 14.0 5.0 85.0 B+
327 Usman
2018-ME- Hamza
16.0 32.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 81.0 B+
329 Zubair
Rao
2018-ME- Muhammad
14.0 27.0 10.0 14.0 8.0 73.0 B+
330 Saleem
Iqbal
2018-ME- Muhammad
7.0 21.0 10.0 14.0 8.0 60.0 B+
331 Asif
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Mohtasham 20.0 38.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 91.0 A-
332
Naeem
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Saad 14.0 26.0 10.0 15.0 6.0 71.0 B+
333
Jahangir
Syed
2018-ME- Muhammad
16.0 31.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 80.0 B+
334 Usaib
Bukhari
2018-ME- Muhammad
13.0 32.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 78.0 B+
335 Hassan
2018-ME- Ahmed Din
8.0 23.0 10.0 13.0 6.0 60.0 B+
336 Nawaz
2018-ME- Muhammad
16.0 33.0 5.0 14.0 5.0 73.0 B+
338 Umar Sajid
Syed
2018-ME- Muhammad
20.0 39.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 92.0 A
339 Saleh
Ahmad
2018-ME- Muhammad
16.0 32.0 9.0 14.0 8.0 79.0 B+
340 Hammad
2018-ME- Arsalan
17.0 31.0 10.0 12.0 8.0 78.0 B+
341 Khan
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Abubakar 15.0 29.0 9.0 12.0 5.0 70.0 B+
342
Saeed
2018-ME- Shehbaz
20.0 31.0 9.0 14.0 9.0 83.0 B+
343 Ahmad
2018-ME- Abdul
8.0 20.0 8.0 13.0 6.0 55.0 B
344 Wahab
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Junaid 8.0 25.0 8.0 13.0 8.0 62.0 B+
345
Ahmed

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/33449 2
9/8/20 Mark
Registration Student Lab Semester Total
Quiz+Viva Psychomotor Affective Grade
No Name report Project Weightage
Sarmad
2018-ME-
Sheraz 18.0 33.0 10.0 14.0 8.0 83.0 B+
346
Shoukat
2018-ME- Faizan
20.0 35.0 10.0 16.0 8.0 89.0 A-
347 Ahmad
2018-ME- Fawad
20.0 36.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 86.0 B+
348 Ahmad
2018-ME- Muhammad
13.0 31.0 10.0 14.0 8.0 76.0 B+
349 Abdullah
2018-ME- Sultan
17.0 31.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 81.0 B+
350 Ahmad

Teacher Incharge: Muhammad Adeel Munir

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/33449 3
9/8/20 Mark

University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Kala Shah Kaku Campus)


Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSK)
Semester: SPRING 2020
Session: B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering 2018 (Fall-
Morning) Dated:2020-09-08

Subject Name: ME-224L Mechanics of Machines Section: B Printed Date:


Grade A+ A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D F Pass
No. of Student 0 0 4 33 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Values -- 92.0 89.0 60.0 55.0 53.0 52.0 51.0 50.0 48.0 45.0 0.0 0.0
Registration Student Lab Semester Total
Quiz+Viva Psychomotor Affective Grade
No Name manual Projects Weightage
2018-ME-
Ali Raza 20.0 30.0 10.0 18.0 9.0 87.0 B+
351
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Abdullah 20.0 33.0 9.0 16.0 8.0 86.0 B+
352
Mobeen
2018-ME- Abdullah
5.0 22.0 9.0 16.0 8.0 60.0 B+
353 Sial
2018-ME-
Umer Azher 14.0 28.0 10.0 16.0 8.0 76.0 B+
354
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Nasir 18.0 33.0 9.0 18.0 9.0 87.0 B+
355
Shafique
2018-ME-
Abdullah 20.0 39.0 10.0 14.0 8.0 91.0 A-
356
2018-ME-
Zeeshan Ali 6.0 23.0 10.0 14.0 7.0 60.0 B+
357
2018-ME-
Talha Irfan 7.0 21.0 9.0 15.0 8.0 60.0 B+
358
2018-ME- Muhammad
12.0 28.0 8.0 14.0 8.0 70.0 B+
359 Zohaib
Mohammad
2018-ME-
Tayyab Bin 20.0 33.0 9.0 14.0 7.0 83.0 B+
360
Bilal
2018-ME-
Zain Shabbir 16.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 84.0 B+
361
2018-ME- Sami Ur
20.0 34.0 8.0 16.0 8.0 86.0 B+
362 Rehman Butt
2018-ME- Safi Ullah
16.0 32.0 8.0 16.0 8.0 80.0 B+
364 Tanveer
2018-ME-
Usama Khan 14.0 29.0 8.0 15.0 8.0 74.0 B+
366
2018-ME- Ahmad
15.0 32.0 10.0 16.0 9.0 82.0 B+
367 Sarwar
2018-ME- Hafiz
20.0 38.0 10.0 14.0 7.0 89.0 A-
368 Abdulrehman
2018-ME- Usama
12.0 28.0 10.0 14.0 7.0 71.0 B+
369 Hammad
Syed
2018-ME-
Mustafa 8.0 26.0 10.0 17.0 6.0 67.0 B+
370
Shahid
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Waleed 6.0 23.0 10.0 15.0 6.0 60.0 B+
371
Khalid Butt

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/33455 1
9/8/20 Mark
Registration Student Lab Semester Total
Quiz+Viva Psychomotor Affective Grade
No Name manual Projects Weightage
2018-ME- Muhammad
14.0 31.0 10.0 17.0 6.0 78.0 B+
373 Aaraiz Khan
Chaudary
2018-ME-
Muhammad 8.0 22.0 10.0 12.0 8.0 60.0 B+
374
Nouman
2018-ME- Muhammad
6.0 20.0 5.0 16.0 8.0 55.0 B
375 Ahmad
2018-ME- Muhammad
6.0 23.0 9.0 14.0 8.0 60.0 B+
376 Talha Tahir
2018-ME- Muhammad
17.0 33.0 10.0 17.0 6.0 83.0 B+
377 Kashif Iqbal
2018-ME-
Umer Farooq 7.0 26.0 10.0 14.0 8.0 65.0 B+
378
2018-ME-
M.Zohaib 16.0 31.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 80.0 B+
380
2018-ME-
Adnan Sajjad 16.0 33.0 10.0 17.0 8.0 84.0 B+
381
2018-ME- Faseh-Ur-
17.0 33.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 83.0 B+
382 Rehman
2018-ME- Muhammad
18.0 33.0 10.0 15.0 8.0 84.0 B+
383 Mateen
2018-ME- Hamza
12.0 21.0 10.0 16.0 8.0 67.0 B+
384 Maqsood
Syed Ali
2018-ME- Zain Ul
8.0 24.0 10.0 12.0 8.0 62.0 B+
385 Abideen
Naqvi
2018-ME- Muhammad
16.0 32.0 10.0 18.0 9.0 85.0 B+
386 Sufian Sher
2018-ME- Abdul
20.0 34.0 10.0 18.0 9.0 91.0 A-
387 Kabeer Khan
2018-ME- Muhammad
20.0 34.0 9.0 16.0 9.0 88.0 B+
389 Atif Nazir
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Rooman 18.0 33.0 9.0 15.0 8.0 83.0 B+
390
Naveed
2018-ME-
Momin Ali 8.0 22.0 5.0 12.0 8.0 55.0 B
391
Muhammad
2018-ME-
Hassan 15.0 28.0 10.0 16.0 8.0 77.0 B+
392
Zahoor
2018-ME- Muhammad
20.0 34.0 10.0 16.0 9.0 89.0 A-
393 Irshad
2018-ME-
Annas Karim 20.0 33.0 10.0 16.0 9.0 88.0 B+
395

Teacher Incharge: Muhammad Adeel Munir

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/33455 2
9/8/20 Od

Course Assessment
Department: Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSK)

Course Name: Mechanics of Machines Session: SPRING 2020


Course Code: ME-224L Instructor: Muhammad Adeel Munir
Section: A
Legend: CLO KPI- 50.0 %, Filter: Without CQI , X- Not able to attained as per KPI

PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Student Total Total Total Total
# No Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
(%) r (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

1 2018-ME- ABU BAKR 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 18.0 14.0 32.0 80.0 80.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 38.0 38.0 95.0 95.0
301 MUJAHID

2 2018-ME- USAMA 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 16.0 14.0 30.0 75.0 75.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
302 ISHTIAQ

3 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 37.0 37.0 92.5 92.5
304 SYAM

4 2018-ME- ALI HAMZA 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 15.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 31.0 31.0 77.5 77.5
305

5 2018-ME- HAMZA 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 37.0 37.0 92.5 92.5
306 IFTEKHAR

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/obe_result_analytics/print/33449 1
9/8/20 Od

PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Student Total Total Total Total
# No Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
(%) r (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

6 2018-ME- HAMZA 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 6.0 16.0 22.0 55.0 55.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 25.0 25.0 62.5 62.5
307 KAMRAN

7 2018-ME- AHMED 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
308 MAQSOOD

8 2018-ME- SHAMAZ ALI 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 16.0 36.0 90.0 90.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 38.0 38.0 95.0 95.0
309 KHAN

9 2018-ME- VAIZ SAGAR 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 15.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
310

10 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 35.0 35.0 87.5 87.5
311 ABDUL
HANNAN

11 2018-ME- MOON ALI 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 40.0 40.0 100.0 100.0
312

12 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 15.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
313 ZAIN
ASGHAR

13 2018-ME- HAFIZ 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 12.0 13.0 25.0 62.5 62.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 29.0 29.0 72.5 72.5
314 MUHAMMAD
MUFEEZ
ILYAS

14 2018-ME- ALI RAZA 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 37.0 37.0 92.5 92.5
315 RIAZ

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/obe_result_analytics/print/33449 2
9/8/20 Od

PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Student Total Total Total Total
# No Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
(%) r (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

15 2018-ME- AHMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 10.0 12.0 22.0 55.0 55.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 20.0 20.0 50.0 50.0
316 ALAM

16 2018-ME- TOUSEEF 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 12.0 15.0 27.0 67.5 67.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 25.0 25.0 62.5 62.5
317 USMAN
KHAN

17 2018-ME- TALHA 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 37.0 37.0 92.5 92.5
318 MUSTAFA

18 2018-ME- UMER 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 12.0 32.0 80.0 80.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 37.0 37.0 92.5 92.5
319 FAROOQ

19 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 12.0 16.0 28.0 70.0 70.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 28.0 28.0 70.0 70.0
320 HAMZA

20 2018-ME- HAFIZ 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 38.0 38.0 95.0 95.0
321 MUHAMMAD
MUDASIR

21 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 38.0 38.0 95.0 95.0
322 HARIS

22 2018-ME- ABDUL 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 37.0 37.0 92.5 92.5
323 WAHAB

23 2018-ME- HARIS 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 8.0 15.0 23.0 57.5 57.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 20.0 20.0 50.0 50.0
324 SALEEM

24 2018-ME- RAZA 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 32.0 32.0 80.0 80.0
325 RAFIQUE

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/obe_result_analytics/print/33449 3
9/8/20 Od

PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Student Total Total Total Total
# No Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
(%) r (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

25 2018-ME- ALI RAZA 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 17.0 15.0 32.0 80.0 80.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 32.0 32.0 80.0 80.0
326

26 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 5.0 5.0 50.0 50.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 36.0 36.0 90.0 90.0
327 USMAN

27 2018-ME- HAMZA 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 15.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 32.0 32.0 80.0 80.0
329 ZUBAIR

28 2018-ME- RAO 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 14.0 14.0 28.0 70.0 70.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 27.0 27.0 67.5 67.5
330 MUHAMMAD
SALEEM
IQBAL

29 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 7.0 14.0 21.0 52.5 52.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 21.0 21.0 52.5 52.5
331 ASIF

30 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 38.0 38.0 95.0 95.0
332 MOHTASHAM
NAEEM

31 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 14.0 15.0 29.0 72.5 72.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 26.0 26.0 65.0 65.0
333 SAAD
JAHANGIR

32 2018-ME- SYED 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 15.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 31.0 31.0 77.5 77.5
334 MUHAMMAD
USAIB
BUKHARI

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/obe_result_analytics/print/33449 4
9/8/20 Od

PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Student Total Total Total Total
# No Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
(%) r (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

33 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 13.0 15.0 28.0 70.0 70.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 32.0 32.0 80.0 80.0
335 HASSAN

34 2018-ME- AHMED DIN 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 8.0 13.0 21.0 52.5 52.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 23.0 23.0 57.5 57.5
336 NAWAZ

35 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 5.0 5.0 50.0 50.0 16.0 14.0 30.0 75.0 75.0 5.0 5.0 50.0 50.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
338 UMAR SAJID

36 2018-ME- SYED 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 39.0 39.0 97.5 97.5
339 MUHAMMAD
SALEH
AHMAD

37 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 14.0 30.0 75.0 75.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 32.0 32.0 80.0 80.0
340 HAMMAD

38 2018-ME- ARSALAN 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 17.0 12.0 29.0 72.5 72.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 31.0 31.0 77.5 77.5
341 KHAN

39 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 5.0 5.0 50.0 50.0 15.0 12.0 27.0 67.5 67.5 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 29.0 29.0 72.5 72.5
342 ABUBAKAR
SAEED

40 2018-ME- SHEHBAZ 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 31.0 31.0 77.5 77.5
343 AHMAD

41 2018-ME- ABDUL 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 8.0 13.0 21.0 52.5 52.5 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 20.0 50.0 50.0
344 WAHAB

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/obe_result_analytics/print/33449 5
9/8/20 Od

PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Student Total Total Total Total
# No Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
(%) r (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

42 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 8.0 13.0 21.0 52.5 52.5 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 25.0 25.0 62.5 62.5
345 JUNAID
AHMED

43 2018-ME- SARMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 18.0 14.0 32.0 80.0 80.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
346 SHERAZ
SHOUKAT

44 2018-ME- FAIZAN 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 16.0 36.0 90.0 90.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 35.0 35.0 87.5 87.5
347 AHMAD

45 2018-ME- FAWAD 5.0 5.0 50.0 50.0 20.0 15.0 35.0 87.5 87.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 36.0 36.0 90.0 90.0
348 AHMAD

46 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 13.0 14.0 27.0 67.5 67.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 31.0 31.0 77.5 77.5
349 ABDULLAH

47 2018-ME- SULTAN 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 17.0 15.0 32.0 80.0 80.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 31.0 31.0 77.5 77.5
350 AHMAD

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/obe_result_analytics/print/33449 6
9/8/20 Od

Course Assessment
Department: Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSK)

Course Name: Mechanics of Session: SPRING 2020


Machines Course Code: ME-224L Instructor: Muhammad Adeel Munir
Section: B
Legend: CLO KPI- 50.0 %, Filter: Without CQI , X- Not able to attained as per KPI

PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Total Total Total Total
Student Name
# No Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
(%) m (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

1 2018-ME- ALI RAZA 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 20.0 18.0 38.0 95.0 95.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 30.0 30.0 75.0 75.0
351

2 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 16.0 36.0 90.0 90.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
352 ABDULLAH
MOBEEN

3 2018-ME- ABDULLAH 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 5.0 16.0 21.0 52.5 52.5 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 22.0 22.0 55.0 55.0
353 SIAL

4 2018-ME- UMER AZHER 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 14.0 16.0 30.0 75.0 75.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 28.0 28.0 70.0 70.0
354

5 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 18.0 18.0 36.0 90.0 90.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
355 NASIR
SHAFIQUE

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/obe_result_analytics/print/33455 1
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6 2018-ME- ABDULLAH 8.0 P8L.O 80.0 80.0 20.0 14.P O314 85.0 85.0 10.0 P1L0. 100.0 100.0 39.0 P3L9O 97.5 97.5
356 005 0L 0.0 O008 .009
CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09

S Re2g01is8t- ZEESHAN ALI 7.0 7.0 70.0 To70ta. 6.0 14.0 20.0 50.0 To50ta. 10.0 10.0 100.0 T1o0t0a 23.0 23.0 57.5 To57ta.
Student Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
7 rMatEio 0l 0l .l0 5l
r (%) m (%) (%) (%)
-n
#
3N5o7

8 2018-ME- TALHA IRFAN 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 7.0 15.0 22.0 55.0 55.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 21.0 21.0 52.5 52.5
10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0
358

9 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 12.0 14.0 26.0 65.0 65.0 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 28.0 28.0 70.0 70.0
359 ZOHAIB

10 2018-ME- MOHAMMAD 7.0 7.0 70.0 70.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
360 TAYYAB BIN
BILAL

11 2018-ME- ZAIN SHABBIR 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 15.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 35.0 35.0 87.5 87.5
361

12 2018-ME- SAMI UR 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 20.0 16.0 36.0 90.0 90.0 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 34.0 34.0 85.0 85.0
362 REHMAN BUTT

13 2018-ME- SAFI ULLAH 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 16.0 32.0 80.0 80.0 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 32.0 32.0 80.0 80.0
364 TANVEER

14 2018-ME- USAMA KHAN 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 14.0 15.0 29.0 72.5 72.5 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 29.0 29.0 72.5 72.5
366

15 2018-ME- AHMAD 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 15.0 16.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 32.0 32.0 80.0 80.0
367 SARWAR

16 2018-ME- HAFIZ 7.0 7.0 70.0 70.0 20.0 14.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 38.0 38.0 95.0 95.0
368 ABDULREHMAN

17 2018-ME- USAMA 7.0 7.0 70.0 70.0 12.0 14.0 26.0 65.0 65.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 28.0 28.0 70.0 70.0
369 HAMMAD

18 2018-ME- SYED 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 8.0 17.0 25.0 62.5 62.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 26.0 26.0 65.0 65.0
370 MUSTAFA
SHAHID

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PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Total Total Total Total
Student Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
# No
(%) m (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

19 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 6.0 15.0 21.0 52.5 52.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 23.0 23.0 57.5 57.5
371 WALEED
KHALID BUTT

20 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 14.0 17.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 31.0 31.0 77.5 77.5
373 AARAIZ KHAN

21 2018-ME- CHAUDARY 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 8.0 12.0 20.0 50.0 50.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 22.0 22.0 55.0 55.0
374 MUHAMMAD
NOUMAN

22 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 6.0 16.0 22.0 55.0 55.0 5.0 5.0 50.0 50.0 20.0 20.0 50.0 50.0
375 AHMAD

23 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 6.0 14.0 20.0 50.0 50.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 23.0 23.0 57.5 57.5
376 TALHA TAHIR

24 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 6.0 6.0 60.0 60.0 17.0 17.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
377 KASHIF IQBAL

25 2018-ME- UMER FAROOQ 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 7.0 14.0 21.0 52.5 52.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 26.0 26.0 65.0 65.0
378

26 2018-ME- M.ZOHAIB 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 15.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 31.0 31.0 77.5 77.5
380

27 2018-ME- ADNAN SAJJAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 16.0 17.0 33.0 82.5 82.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
381

28 2018-ME- FASEH-UR- 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 17.0 15.0 32.0 80.0 80.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
382 REHMAN

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PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Total Total Total Total
Student Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
# No
(%) m (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

29 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 18.0 15.0 33.0 82.5 82.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
383 MATEEN

30 2018-ME- HAMZA 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 12.0 16.0 28.0 70.0 70.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 21.0 21.0 52.5 52.5
384 MAQSOOD

31 2018-ME- SYED ALI 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 8.0 12.0 20.0 50.0 50.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 24.0 24.0 60.0 60.0
385 ZAIN UL
ABIDEEN
NAQVI

32 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 16.0 18.0 34.0 85.0 85.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 32.0 32.0 80.0 80.0
386 SUFIAN SHER

33 2018-ME- ABDUL KABEER 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 20.0 18.0 38.0 95.0 95.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 34.0 34.0 85.0 85.0
387 KHAN

34 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 20.0 16.0 36.0 90.0 90.0 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 34.0 34.0 85.0 85.0
389 ATIF NAZIR

35 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 18.0 15.0 33.0 82.5 82.5 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
390 ROOMAN
NAVEED

36 2018-ME- MOMIN ALI 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 8.0 12.0 20.0 50.0 50.0 5.0 5.0 50.0 50.0 22.0 22.0 55.0 55.0
391

37 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 8.0 8.0 80.0 80.0 15.0 16.0 31.0 77.5 77.5 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 28.0 28.0 70.0 70.0
392 HASSAN
ZAHOOR

38 2018-ME- MUHAMMAD 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 20.0 16.0 36.0 90.0 90.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 34.0 34.0 85.0 85.0
393 IRSHAD

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PLO05 PLO10 PLO08 PLO09

CLO4 PLO05 CLO2 PLO10 CLO3 PLO08 CLO1 PLO09


Sr Registration Total Total Total Total
Student Name Semes Total CLO4 Quiz+ Lab Total CLO2 Affec Total CLO3 Psych Total CLO1
# No
(%) m (%) (%) (%)

10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 40.0

39 2018-ME- ANNAS KARIM 9.0 9.0 90.0 90.0 20.0 16.0 36.0 90.0 90.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 33.0 82.5 82.5
395

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9/20/20 report_attainment |

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore


Course Learning Outcomes Attainment

Course Name: Mechanics of Machines


Course Code: ME-224L
Semester: SPRING 2020
Lecturer: Muhammad Adeel Munir

Course Learning Outcomes

CLO4 Simulate an engineering problem using a software package

CLO1 Conduct various experiments related to mechanics of machines

CLO2 Analyze and interpret the results of experiments in written and graphical format

CLO3 Behave as instructed while in a group activity

Number
of
Average
Levels of Students
CLOs CLO Attainment Checked in KPI CLO
Learning Achieved
Score
(out of
47)

CLO4 Psychomotor Semester Project : Question1 50.0 % 47 77.0 %

CLO1 Cognitive Psychomotor : Question1 50.0 % 47 80.0 %

CLO2 Affective Quiz+Viva : Question1 50.0 % 47 76.0 %


Lab report :
Question1

CLO3 Psychomotor Affective : Question1 50.0 % 47 95.0 %

Program Learning Outcomes

CLOs of this course will contribute to following student attributes:

PLO05 : Modern Tool Usage


PLO10 : Communication
Number
PLO08 : Ethics
PLO09 : Individual and Team Work

of
Weight of each Average PLO
PLOs KPI Students
CLO in each PLO Score
Achieved

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33449 1
9/20/20 report_attainment |
(out of
Program Learning Outcomes
47)
PLO05 CLO4 50.0% 47 76.6

PLO10 CLO2 50.0% 47 76.01

PLO08 CLO3 50.0% 47 95.32

PLO09 CLO1 50.0% 47 79.52

CLO Achievement %age

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33449 2
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Average CLO Score

PLO Achievement %age

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33449 3
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Average PLO Score

English (/en_US/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33449)

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33449 4
9/20/20 report_attainment |

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore


Course Learning Outcomes Attainment

Course Name: Mechanics of Machines


Course Code: ME-224L
Semester: SPRING 2020
Lecturer: Muhammad Adeel Munir

Course Learning Outcomes

CLO4 Simulate an engineering problem using a software package

CLO1 Conduct various experiments related to mechanics of machines

CLO2 Analyze and interpret the results of experiments in written and graphical format

CLO3 Behave as instructed while in a group activity

Number
of
Average
Levels of Students
CLOs CLO Attainment Checked in KPI CLO
Learning Achieved
Score
(out of
39)

CLO4 Psychomotor Semester Projects : Question1 50.0 % 39 79.0 %

CLO1 Cognitive Psychomotor : Question1 50.0 % 39 74.0 %

CLO2 Affective Lab manual : 50.0 % 39 74.0 %


Question1 Quiz+Viva :
Question1

CLO3 Psychomotor Affective : Question1 50.0 % 39 93.0 %

Program Learning Outcomes

CLOs of this course will contribute to following student attributes:

PLO05 : Modern Tool Usage


PLO10 : Communication
Number
PLO08 : Ethics
PLO09 : Individual and Team Work

of
Weight of each Average PLO
PLOs KPI Students
CLO in each PLO Score
Achieved

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33455 1
9/20/20 report_attainment |
(out of
Program Learning Outcomes
39)
PLO05 CLO4 50.0% 39 78.97

PLO10 CLO2 50.0% 39 73.78

PLO08 CLO3 50.0% 39 93.33

PLO09 CLO1 50.0% 39 73.53

CLO Achievement %age

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33455 2
9/20/20 report_attainment |
Average CLO Score

PLO Achievement %age

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33455 3
9/20/20 report_attainment |

Average PLO Score

English (/en_US/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33455)

https://lms.uet.edu.pk/report/html/obe_clo_attainment.report_attainment/33455 4
University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Kala Shah Kaku
Campus)
Departme Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSPKri)nted September 08,
Section Course Detail
Semester SPRING 2020
Department Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSK)
Section A
Subject Title ME-224L Mechanics of Machines
Subject Domain Engineering
Subject Knowledge Engineering Foundation
Contact adeelmunir158@gmail.com

Measureable Student Learning Outcomes


CLOs Description PLOs Domain Domain Level

CLO1 Conduct various experiments related to mechanics of machines PLO09 Psychomotor 2. Manipulation

Analyze and interpret the results of experiments in written and


CLO2 graphical format
PLO10 Cognitive 4. Analyze

CLO3 Behave as instructed while in a group activity PLO08 Affective 2. Responding

CLO4 Simulate an engineering problem using a software package PLO05 Psychomotor 3. Precision

Class Timings

Grading Policy
Quiz+Viva 20.0
Psychomotor 40.0
Affective 10.0
Lab report 20.0
Semester Project 10.0

Page 1 of
University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Kala Shah Kaku
Campus)
Departme Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSPKri)nted September 08,
Section Course Detail
Semester SPRING 2020
Department Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSK)
Section B
Subject Title ME-224L Mechanics of Machines
Subject Domain Engineering
Subject Knowledge Engineering Foundation
Contact adeelmunir158@gmail.com

Measureable Student Learning Outcomes


CLOs Description PLOs Domain Domain Level

CLO1 Conduct various experiments related to mechanics of machines PLO09 Psychomotor 2. Manipulation

Analyze and interpret the results of experiments in written and


CLO2 graphical format
PLO10 Cognitive 4. Analyze

CLO3 Behave as instructed while in a group activity PLO08 Affective 2. Responding

CLO4 Simulate an engineering problem using a software package PLO05 Psychomotor 3. Precision

Class Timings

Grading Policy
Quiz+Viva 20.0
Psychomotor 40.0
Affective 10.0
Lab manual 20.0
Semester Projects 10.0

Page 1 of
University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Kala Shah Kaku
Course Learning Outcome Attainment Report

Course ME-224L Mechanics of Machines [A]

Semester: SPRING 2020

Lecture Muhammad Adeel Munir

Course Learning Outcomes

CLO1 Conduct various experiments related to mechanics of machines

CLO2 Analyze and interpret the results of experiments in written and graphical format

CLO3 Behave as instructed while in a group activity

CLO4 Simulate an engineering problem using a software package

Course Learning Outcomes


CLOs Level of No of Students KPI
CLO Attainment Average CLO
Attained out of (47)
Checked In Score (%) of class

CLO1 2. Manipulation Psychomotor 47 50.0 79.5

CLO2 4. Analyze Lab report, Quiz+Viva 47 50.0 76.0

CLO3 2. Responding Affective 47 50.0 95.3

CLO4 3. Precision Semester Project 47 50.0 76.6

Program Learning Outcomes


PLOs No of Students Attained out KPI
Weight of each CLO in Average PLO
of (47)
each PLO Score (%) of class

PLO05 CLO4 47 50.0 76.6

PLO09 CLO1 47 50.0 79.5

PLO08 CLO3 47 50.0 95.3

PLO10 CLO2 47 50.0 76.0


University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Kala Shah Kaku
Course Learning Outcome Attainment Report

Course ME-224L Mechanics of Machines [B]

Semester: SPRING 2020

Lecture Muhammad Adeel Munir

Course Learning Outcomes

CLO1 Conduct various experiments related to mechanics of machines

CLO2 Analyze and interpret the results of experiments in written and graphical format

CLO3 Behave as instructed while in a group activity

CLO4 Simulate an engineering problem using a software package

Course Learning Outcomes


CLOs Level of No of Students KPI
CLO Attainment Average CLO
Attained out of (39)
Checked In Score (%) of class

CLO1 2. Manipulation Psychomotor 39 50.0 73.5

CLO2 4. Analyze Lab manual, Quiz+Viva 39 50.0 73.8

CLO3 2. Responding Affective 39 50.0 93.3

CLO4 3. Precision Semester Projects 39 50.0 79.0

Program Learning Outcomes


PLOs No of Students Attained out KPI
Weight of each CLO in Average PLO
of (39)
each PLO Score (%) of class

PLO05 CLO4 39 50.0 79.0

PLO09 CLO1 39 50.0 73.5

PLO08 CLO3 39 50.0 93.3

PLO10 CLO2 39 50.0 73.8


University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Kala Shah Kaku Campus)
Class Attendance Report
Semester: SPRING 2020 Dated: 08-09-2020
Department: Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSK)

Subject:ME-224L Mechanics of Machines[Section A] Class Timing

Teacher:Muhammad Adeel Munir

Attendance
Roll No Student Name %
22/01 29/01 05/02 12/02 19/02 26/02 04/03 11/03 18/06 25/06 02/07 09/07 16/07 23/07 30/07 06/08

ABU BAKR
2018-ME-301 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P P A P P P P
MUJAHID
2018-ME-302 USAMA ISHTIAQ 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-304 MUHAMMAD SYAM 93.75 P A P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-305 ALI HAMZA 87.50 P A P P P P P A P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-306 HAMZA IFTEKHAR 93.75 P P P P A P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-307 HAMZA KAMRAN 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-308 AHMED MAQSOOD 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-309 SHAMAZ ALI KHAN 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-310 VAIZ SAGAR 93.75 P P P A P P P P P P P P P P P P


MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-311 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
ABDUL
HANNAN
2018-ME-312 MOON ALI 81.25 P A A A P P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-313 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
ZAIN ASGHAR
HAFIZ
2018-ME-314 87.50 P P P P P P P P P A P P P P A P
MUHAMMAD
MUFEEZ ILYAS

Page 1 of 3 Chairman Signature:


2018-ME-315 ALI RAZA RIAZ 93.75 P A P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Page 2 of 3 Chairman Signature:


Attendance
Roll No Student Name %
22/01 29/01 05/02 12/02 19/02 26/02 04/03 11/03 18/06 25/06 02/07 09/07 16/07 23/07 30/07 06/08

2018-ME-316 AHMAD ALAM 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P


TOUSEEF USMAN
2018-ME-317 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
KHAN
2018-ME-318 TALHA MUSTAFA 93.75 P P P P P P P P P A P P P P P P

2018-ME-319 UMER FAROOQ 87.50 P P P A P P P P P P P P P P P A


MUHAMMA
2018-ME-320 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P A P P P P P
D HAMZA
HAFIZ
2018-ME-321 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMAD
MUDASIR
2018-ME-322 MUHAMMAD HARIS 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-323 ABDUL WAHAB 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-324 HARIS SALEEM 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-325 RAZA RAFIQUE 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-326 ALI RAZA 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P


MUHAMMA
2018-ME-327 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
D USMAN
2018-ME-329 HAMZA ZUBAIR 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
RAO
2018-ME-330 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMAD
SALEEM IQBAL
2018-ME-331 MUHAMMAD ASIF 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-332 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
MOHTASHAM
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-333 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P P A P P P P
SAAD JAHANGIR
SYED
2018-ME-334 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMAD
USAIB BUKHARI
MUHAMMA
2018-ME-335 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P P P P A P P
D HASSAN

Page 3 of 3 Chairman Signature:


AHMED DIN
2018-ME-336 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
NAWAZ

Page 4 of 3 Chairman Signature:


Attendance
Roll No Student Name %
22/01 29/01 05/02 12/02 19/02 26/02 04/03 11/03 18/06 25/06 02/07 09/07 16/07 23/07 30/07 06/08

MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-338 81.25 P P P P A P P A P P P P P A P P
UMAR SAJID
SYED
2018-ME-339 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMAD
SALEH AHMAD
MUHAMMA
2018-ME-340 93.75 P A P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
D HAMMAD
2018-ME-341 ARSALAN KHAN 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-342 93.75 P P P P P P P A P P P P P P P P
ABUBAKAR SAEED
2018-ME-343 SHEHBAZ AHMAD 93.75 P A P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-344 ABDUL WAHAB 81.25 P A P A P P P P P P A P P P P P


MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-345 87.50 P A P P P P P A P P P P P P P P
JUNAID
AHMED
SARMAD SHERAZ
2018-ME-346 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
SHOUKAT
2018-ME-347 FAIZAN AHMAD 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P P P A P P P

2018-ME-348 FAWAD AHMAD 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P P P A P P P


MUHAMMA
2018-ME-349 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
D
ABDULLAH
2018-ME-350 SULTAN AHMAD 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Page 5 of 3 Chairman Signature:


University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Kala Shah Kaku Campus)
Class Attendance Report
Semester: SPRING 2020 Dated: 08-09-2020
Department: Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (KSK)

Subject:ME-224L Mechanics of Machines[Section B] Class Timing

Teacher:Muhammad Adeel Munir

Attendance
Roll No Student Name %
22/01 29/01 05/02 12/02 19/02 26/02 04/03 11/03 18/06 25/06 02/07 09/07 16/07 23/07 30/07 06/08

2018-ME-351 ALI RAZA 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P A P P P P P


MUHAMMA
2018-ME-352 87.50 P P P A P P P P A P P P P P P P
D
ABDULLAH
2018-ME-353 ABDULLAH SIAL 87.50 P P P P P P P A P P P P P P A P

2018-ME-354 UMER AZHER 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P


MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-355 87.50 P P P A P P P P P P P A P P P P
NASIR SHAFIQUE
2018-ME-356 ABDULLAH 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P P P A P P P

2018-ME-357 ZEESHAN ALI 93.75 P P P A P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-358 TALHA IRFAN 93.75 P P P P P P P P A P P P P P P P


MUHAMMA
2018-ME-359 87.50 P A P A P P P P P P P P P P P P
D ZOHAIB
MOHAMMAD
2018-ME-360 93.75 P P P A P P P P P P P P P P P P
TAYYAB BIN
BILAL
2018-ME-361 ZAIN SHABBIR 93.75 P P P A P P P P P P P P P P P P
SAMI UR REHMAN
2018-ME-362 87.50 P P P A P P P A P P P P P P P P
BUTT
SAFI ULLAH
2018-ME-364 87.50 P P P A P P P A P P P P P P P P
TANVEER

Page 1 of 3 Chairman Signature:


2018-ME-366 USAMA KHAN 87.50 P A P P P P P A P P P P P P P P

Page 2 of 3 Chairman Signature:


Attendance
Roll No Student Name %
22/01 29/01 05/02 12/02 19/02 26/02 04/03 11/03 18/06 25/06 02/07 09/07 16/07 23/07 30/07 06/08

2018-ME-367 AHMAD SARWAR 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P


HAFIZ
2018-ME-368 93.75 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P A
ABDULREHMA
N
2018-ME-369 USAMA HAMMAD 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
SYED MUSTAFA
2018-ME-370 87.50 P P P P P P P P P A P P P P P A
SHAHID
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-371 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
WALEED
KHALID
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-373 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
AARAIZ
KHAN
CHAUDARY
2018-ME-374 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMA
D
MUHAMMA
2018-ME-375 81.25 P P P A P A A P P P P P P P P P
D AHMAD
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-376 93.75 P P P P P P P A P P P P P P P P
TALHA TAHIR
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-377 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
KASHIF
IQBAL
2018-ME-378 UMER FAROOQ 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-380 M.ZOHAIB 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-381 ADNAN SAJJAD 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

2018-ME-382 FASEH-UR- 93.75 P A P P P P P P P P P P P P P P


MUHAMMA
2018-ME-383 81.25 P A P P P P P P P P A P P A P P
D MATEEN
2018-ME-384 HAMZA MAQSOOD 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
SYED ALI ZAIN
2018-ME-385 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
UL ABIDEEN
NAQVI
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-386 93.75 P P P P P P P P P A P P P P P P
SUFIAN SHER
Page 3 of 3 Chairman Signature:
ABDUL KABEER
2018-ME-387 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
KHAN
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-389 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
ATIF NAZIR

Page 4 of 3 Chairman Signature:


Attendance
Roll No Student Name %
22/01 29/01 05/02 12/02 19/02 26/02 04/03 11/03 18/06 25/06 02/07 09/07 16/07 23/07 30/07 06/08

MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-390 93.75 P A P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
ROOMAN NAVEED
2018-ME-391 MOMIN ALI 87.50 P P P A A P P P P P P P P P P P
MUHAMMAD
2018-ME-392 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
HASSAN ZAHOOR
MUHAMMA
2018-ME-393 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
D IRSHAD
2018-ME-395 ANNAS KARIM 100.00 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Page 5 of 3 Chairman Signature:


DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL, MECHATRONICS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEER
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan (KSK Campus)

CQI PSYCHOMOTOR

 Committee Name: Lab CLO review committee Academic Year: 2019-2020


 Meeting to Discuss: Review for CLO of Lab Subject: Mechanics of Machines
 Attendee Names: Dr Zahid Anwar Semester: 4th
Adeel munir

Sr # CLO 2019 CLO 2020


1 Conduct various experiments related to Conduct various experiments related to
mechanics of machines.
mechanics of machines.
2 Analyze and interpret the results of experiments Analyze and interpret the results of experiments
in written and graphical format.
in written and graphical format.
3 Behave as instructed while in a group activity. Behave as instructed while in a group activity.
4 Develop, practically and independently, a Simulate an engineering problem by using a
laboratory scale equipment based on software package.
different engineering and scientific principles

Convener

Member Member Member

www.uemedtksk.edu.pk STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE F-17 Version: 0


Date: March 2017 Authorized by:
Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering Department, UET, Lahore (KSK Campus).
Faculty Course Review Report
For completion by the course instructor and transmission to Head of Department of his/her nominee
(Dept. Quality Officer) together with copies of the Course Syllabus outline

Department: MED KSK Faculty: Mechanical Engineering


Course Code: ME-222 L Title: Mechanics of machines
Session: 2018 Semester: Autumn Spring Summer
Credit Value: 1.0 Level: 2 nd Prerequisites: ME 123
Name of Muhammad No of students Lectures Other (please State)
Course Adeel munir Contact Hours Seminars
Instructor:
Assessment Methods: Psychomotor+ Semester project=50%
Give precise details (no & length Cognitive assessed through viva and quizzes=40%
of assignments, exams, Affective=10%
weightings etc)

Distribution of Grade/Marks and other Outcomes: (adopt the grading system as required)

Und Orig % % % % % % % % % % % No Wit Tota


ergr inall Gra Gra Gra Gra Grad Gra Gra Gra Gra Gra Gra Gra hdra l
adua y de A de de de B e B- de de C de de de de F de wal
te Reg A- B+ C+ C- D+ D
ister
ed
No. 86 2 14 67 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 86
of
stud
ents

PLO’s Attainment Record:

Non- Attainment of PLO’s


PLO’s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Reg.No.

Overview/ Evaluation (Course Co-coordinator’s Comments)

Feedback: first summarize, and then comment on feedback received from:

(These boxes will expand as you type in your answer)

1) Student (Course Evaluation) Questionnaires


2) External Examiners or Moderators (if any)

3) Student/Staff Constructive Committee (SSCC) or equivalent, (if any)

4) Curriculum: comment on the continuing appropriateness of the Course curriculum in relation to


the intended learning outcomes (course objectives) and its compliance with the HEC
Approved
5) Assessment: Comment
/Revised National on the continuing
Curriculum Guidelines effectiveness of method (s) of assessment in relation
to the intended learning outcomes (course objectives)

1. The students
6) Enhancement: achieved
Comment on thethe required PLO
implementation through proposed
of changes psychomotor, cognitive
in earlier Facultyand
Course
affective
Review Reportsassessment. Inconsistency occurred due to Covid 19 but issues were
7) Outline any changes
resolved by usingintutorials
the futureanddelivery or structure of the course that this semester/
online lectures
term’s experience
2. Assessment ofmay prompt
affective component should be improved for reliable results.
Name: 1. There shouldMuhammad Adeelsession
be one added munirin which studentsDate:
may interact08.09.2020
with the situation when (Course
Instructor)
there is vibration in any machine and methods to remove those vibrations through
balancing
Name: Dr. Shahid Imran Date:
(Head of Department)
Sample Lab Reports
Best Lab
0
Marks=18/2
Department of Mechanical Engineering

(NEW CAMPUS) Commented [MAM1]: Marks are 18 out of 20

University of Engineering & Science Technology


Lahore

Commented [MAM2]: Errors in calculations and tables

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. Adeel Munir Registration Number


2018-ME-351
Name
Ali Raza
mented [MAM3]: Comments need to be improved

mented [MAM4]: Presentation is good

2018-ME-355 Muhammad Nasir


Rubrics (Cognitive) for Lab report
Group No: Session:
Criteria Points
10 (outstanding) 8 (Best) 5 (Average) 3 (weakest)
Data & Results Data table and graph Both accurate, some ill- Both complete, minor Data table and/or graph missing 8
Results in the form of neatly completed and formed characters. inaccuracies and/or illegible information and are inaccurate.
data, graphs etc. totally accurate. characters.

Findings & Discussion The discussion soundly •The discussion The discussion fair interprets the The discussion may be 10
interprets the findings interprets the findings findings and is connected with incomplete or partially/ not
and is carefully and is connected with other sections of the report such clearly connected to the results.
connected with other other sections of the as the background, problem The connection with other
sections of the report report such as the statement, research questions, sections is vague. •The findings
such as the background, background, problem instruments and results. •The presented are mere repetitions
problem statement, statement, research findings are either fairly of the results without
research questions, questions, instruments discussed or not discussed in appropriate interpretation
instruments and results. and results. •The findings relation to theory and findings of •Implications,
•The findings are are either superficially past studies cited in literature recommendations and
judiciously discussed in discussed or not review. •Implications, directions for future research
relation to theory and discussed in relation to recommendations and directions are not drawn from the research
findings of past studies theory and findings of for future research are fair drawn findings. •Limitations of the
cited in literature review. past studies cited in from the research findings. study are irrelevant
•Implications, literature review. • •Limitations of the study are
recommendations and Implications, relevant and adequately
directions for future recommendations and described.
research are carefully directions for future
drawn from the research research are drawn from
findings. •Limitations of the research findings. •
the study are relevant Limitations of the study
and extensively are relevant and
described. adequately described.
Conclusion The closing paragraph The closing paragraph The closing paragraph attempts to Concluding paragraph is not 10
Provide answers to summarizes and draws a summarizes and draws a summarize but draws a weak apparent
objectives stated earlier clear and well developed sufficiently supported conclusion
conclusion conclusion
Mechanics Presentation/report has Presentation/report has The Presentation/reports had five Students’ presentation/report 8
no misspellings or no more than three misspellings and/or grammatical had 10 or more spelling/ errors
grammatical errors. misspellings and/or errors. and /or grammatical errors.
grammatical errors.

Team work Each group member Most group members Some group members contributed Few group members 10
made contributions to contributed to project to project materials and contributed to project materials
project material and materials and presentations. and presentation.
presentation. presentations.

Interaction Student attendance in the Student attendance in the Student attendance in the lab Student attendance in the lab 10
lab sessions/ meeting lab sessions/ meeting sessions/ meeting with sessions/ meeting with Final
with FYP/semester with FYP/semester FYP/semester project Year /semester project
project supervisor(s) was project supervisor(s) was supervisor(s) was above 60 % supervisor(s) was below 40 %
above 90 % above 75 %
Total Points 18
1

List of Experiments

Experiment No. Description


Experiment No. 1 To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane at equal radii.

Experiment No. 2 To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane at different radii.

Experiment No. 3 To balance two rotating masses with a single mass rotating in the
same plane at equal radii.
Experiment No. 4 To balance two rotating masses with a single rotating mass rotating in
the same plane at different radii.
Experiment No. 5 To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass
(balancing mass) rotating in the same plane at equal radii.
Experiment No. 6 To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass
(balancing mass) rotating in the same plane at different radii.
Experiment No. 7 To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different
plane at equal radii when plane of disturbing mass is between the
planes of two balancing mass.
Experiment No. 8 To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different
plane at different radii when plane of disturbing mass is between the
planes of two balancing mass.
Experiment No. 9 To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in same plane at
equal radii when planes of balancing mass is on either side of the
planes of two disturbing mass.
Experiment No. 10 To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in same plane at
different radii when planes of balancing mass is on either side of the
planes of two disturbing mass.
Experiment No. 11 To balance different masses rotating at different radii in the different
planes.

Experiment No. 12 To determine a graph of follower displacement against angular


rotation of the cam

Experiment No. 13 To draw the cam profile machine and draw the cam profile using
displacement diagram with the help of displacement curve for
uniform velocity
2

LAB SESSION NO 1
To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating in the same plane at
equal radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.
Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses
Main Parts of Balancing Machine
 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit
Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration can
cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow wheel,
balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation, which is
done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and angle. For a
system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be closed i.e., both
forces and couples are need to be balanced.

Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force of
balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal, without
3

the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity.
This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute
the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at a radius of
(r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force or
couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to
avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights
must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate
itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate
smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Commented [MAM5]: Theory should be edited
according to experiment
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:

Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a


counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple (F*ℓ =
C*d) exerted by the bearings.
4

Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:


m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:
5

Now, from force balancing, we got:


m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:

m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 22 60 50 22 60 230
2 25 45 20 25 45 200
3 28 30 60 28 30 240
4 30 45 10 30 45 190

Specimen Calculations
M1 = 22g
R1 = 60mm
R2 = 60mm
Now, using equation of static balancing,

M1 * R1=M2 * R2
M2 = 22g
6

Comments
 In order to balance a single rotating mass with balancing mass at equal radii, there
must have the same values of both masses.
 Due to human or systematic errors, we can’t get the true value of mass.
 In this experiment, as the plane is same so we have only to balance centrifugal force. Commented [MAM6]: Poor comments, need improvement
7

LAB SESSION NO 2
To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating in the same plane at
different radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.
Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses
Main Parts of Balancing Machine
 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
8

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 20 60 50 26.67 45 230
2 22 30 40 11 60 220
3 25 45 90 37.5 30 270
4 29 30 60 19 45 240

Specimen Calculations
M1=20g
R1=60mm
R2=45mm
Now, using equation of static balancing,

M1 * R1=M2 * R2
M2= 26.67g
Commented [MAM7]: Errors in calculations

Comments:
 In this experiment, radii of both masses are different but we easily found the
balancing mass with the help of following formula;
M1 * R1=M2 * R2
 As we know the plane is same, we have only to balance centrifugal force.
 Some systematic error occurs that are responsible for not having the accurate value
of balancing mass. Commented [MAM8]: Need improvements
9

LAB SESSION NO 3
To balance two rotating masses with a single mass rotating in the same plane at equal radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.
Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses
Main Parts of Balancing Machine
 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit
Useful Data

Static and Dynamic balancing unit


Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1. Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2. Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3. This will be the disturbing mass.
4. Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5. This will be the balancing mass.
6. Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7. The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
10

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 20 60 40 21 60 120 57 60 32
2 22 45 60 25 45 100 79 45 33
3 26 30 110 29 30 80 65 30 54
4 30 45 200 32 45 220 61 45 30

Specimen Calculations

M1=22g
M2=25g
R1=45mm
R2=45mm Commented [MAM9]: Better presentation

Θ1=60ᵒ
Θ2=100ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

= -0.00299

= -0.001965
Now, resultant force Fc is:

Fc = √(∑𝑉)2 + (∑𝐻)2 = 0. 003577kg.m


Since m*r=Fc, So,
m = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1000 = 79g
𝑟

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:


∑𝑉
𝜃 = tan−1 = 33ᵒ
∑𝐻
11

Comments:
 In this experiment, we use two disturbing masses at same radii in order to balance
the balancing mass. As the centrifugal force have horizontal and vertical
components so we can easily find out the values of mass and angle of balancing
mass.
 As we know that the plane is same so we have to perform only static loading not
dynamic loading.
 Some systematic minor errors are occurring that can be neglected. Commented [MAM10]: Good comments
12

LAB SESSION NO 4
To balance two rotating masses with a single rotating mass rotating in the same plane at
different radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.
Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses
Main Parts of Balancing Machine
 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
13

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 20 60 50 22 45 120 55 60 33
2 24 45 120 25 60 160 54 45 37
3 27 60 170 28 30 200 48 45 43
4 30 30 100 32 60 80 50 60 39

Specimen Calculations
M1=20g Commented [MAM11]: Recheck the table

M2=22g
R1=60mm
R2=45mm
Θ1=50ᵒ
Θ2=120ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

= -0.00276

= -0.001775
Now, resultant force Fc is:

Fc = √(∑𝑉)2 + (∑𝐻)2 = 0.003281 kg.m


Since m*r=Fc, So,
m = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1000 = 55g
𝑟

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:


∑𝑉
𝜃 = tan−1 = 33ᵒ
∑𝐻
14

Comments:
 In this experiment, we use two disturbing masses at different radii to calculate the
balancing mass. As the centrifugal force having both horizontal and vertical
components so we can easily find out the values of mass and angle of balancing
mass.
 As usual the plane remains same so we have only to perform static loading.
 Some systematic error occurs that are responsible for not having the accurate value
of balancing mass. Commented [MAM12]: Comments mean your observations durin
15

LAB SESSION NO 5
“To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating in
the same plane at equal radii”.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration can
cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow wheel,
balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation, which is
done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and angle. For a
system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be closed i.e., both
forces and couples are need to be balanced.
16

Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force of
balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal, without
the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity.
This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute
the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass (m) is attached in same plane at a radius
of (r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force or
couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to
avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights
must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate
itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate
smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:
17

Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a


counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple (F*ℓ =
C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:

m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
18

2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, from force balancing, we got:


m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:

m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Balancing of several masses in the same plane


When different masses are present at different angles from each other and from positive x-
axis at same or different radii in the same plane then in order to balance them, their resultant
centrifugal force is to be calculated and then a mass is calculated from this force and attached
at the required radius at an angle of 180 degree from the direction of disturbing force.
Hence, we are doing static balancing because masses are in the same plane.
It is illustrated in following figure:

To find magnitude and position of balancing masses, we have analytical & graphical method,
which are described below:
19

1) Analytical Method
It has following steps:
1. Find out centrifugal force produced by each disturbing mass i.e., product of mass & its
radius of rotation
2. Resolve the centrifugal force into its horizontal and vertical components and then find
the sum of horizontal components (∑H) and vertical components (∑V) using
following formulae:

3. Find magnitude of resultant centrifugal force using following formula:


Fc= √∑𝐻2 + ∑𝑉2
4. Let ‘θ’ be the angle made by resultant force with horizontal which is:
∑𝑉
tanθ =
∑𝐻
5. The balancing force is equal in magnitude to Fc but opposite in direction, and its angle
from horizontal is (θ+180)

6. Now find the magnitude of balancing mass by following relation:


Fc=m*r
(Where ‘r’ will be given or we can assume any value at which we want to put balancing mass)

Graphical Method
Various steps involved in this method are given below:
1. Draw the space diagram with the positions of the several masses, as shown.
2. Find out the centrifugal forces or product of the mass and radius of rotation exerted by
each mass.
3. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces or product of the
masses and radii of rotation. To draw vector diagram, take a suitable scale.
4. Let ab, bc, cd, de represents the forces Fc1, Fc2, Fc3 and Fc4 on the vector diagram.
Draw ‘ab’ parallel to force Fc1 of the space diagram, at ‘b’ draw a line parallel to
force Fc2. Similarly draw lines cd, de parallel to Fc3 and Fc4 respectively.
5. As per polygon law of forces, the closing side ‘ae’ represents the resultant force in
magnitude and direction as shown in vector diagram.
6. The balancing force is then, equal and opposite to the resultant force.
20

7. Determine the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation (r),
such that,
Fc =m*(ω^2) * r
Where m*r=resultant of m1*r1, m2*r2, m3*r3 and m4*r4
Following figure illustrates this method:

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a plane
(disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method using
pre-determined value of radius (R).
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of 180 from
the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means disturbing masses are
balanced.
21

Observations

Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass


No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 20 30 60 13 30 120 11 30 180 29.54 30 104.7


2 10 45 50 15 45 110 15 45 170 27.8 45 118.9
3 30 60 40 20 60 100 21 60 160 46.2 60 90.3
4 15 30 30 30 30 90 32 30 150 55.5 30 105.4
5 22 45 20 22 45 80 21 45 140 43.5 45 258.85

Specimen Calculations
M1=20g
M2=13g
M3=11g
R1=30mm
R2=30mm
R3=30mm
Θ1=60ᵒ
Θ2=120ᵒ
Θ3=180ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

Σ𝐻 = 𝑚1𝑟1𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 + 𝑚2𝑟2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 + 𝑚3𝑟3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃3 =-224.96 gmm


Σ𝑉 = 𝑚1𝑟1𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 + 𝑚2𝑟2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 + 𝑚3𝑟3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃3 = 857.4 gmm

Now, resultant force Fc is:

Since m*r=Fc, So, 𝐹𝑐 = √(Σ𝐻)2 + (Σ𝑉)2=886.4 gmm


𝑚 = 𝐹𝑐 =29.5 g
𝑟
22

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:

𝜃 = 180° + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (Σ𝑉) =104.7°


Σ𝐻

Comments
From above experiment we conclude that when there no changing of the planes of rotation
then all we need is to balance the forces (centrifugal forces) only. Because due to the
sameness of the planes of rotation the couple factor is going to be zero and so there is no
need of dynamic balancing. We also conclude that with the help of balancing we can
reduce noise and vibrations in various machineries and industrial components. The
practical use of balancing of different masses on the same plane is in the bikes where the
reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute the center of mass to the center of
the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.
Commented [MAM13]: Comments are repeating, add more obser
23

LAB SESSION NO 6
“To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating in
the same plane at different radii.”

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration can
cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow wheel,
balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation, which is
done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and angle. For a
system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be closed i.e., both
forces and couples are need to be balanced.

Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force of
balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal, without
24

the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity.
This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute
the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass (m) is attached in same plane at a radius
of (r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force or
couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to
avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights
must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate
itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate
smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:
25

Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a


counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple (F*ℓ =
C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:

m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:

m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
26

2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, from force balancing, we got:


m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:

m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Balancing of several masses in the same plane


When different masses are present at different angles from each other and from positive x-
axis at same or different radii in the same plane then in order to balance them, their resultant
centrifugal force is to be calculated and then a mass is calculated from this force and attached
at the required radius at an angle of 180 degree from the direction of disturbing force.
Hence, we are doing static balancing because masses are in the same plane.
It is illustrated in following figure:

To find magnitude and position of balancing masses, we have analytical & graphical method,
which are described below:
27

1) Analytical Method
It has following steps:
7. Find out centrifugal force produced by each disturbing mass i.e., product of mass & its
radius of rotation
8. Resolve the centrifugal force into its horizontal and vertical components and then find
the sum of horizontal components (∑H) and vertical components (∑V) using
following formulae:

9. Find magnitude of resultant centrifugal force using following formula:


Fc= √∑𝐻2 + ∑𝑉2
10. Let ‘θ’ be the angle made by resultant force with horizontal which is:
∑𝑉
tanθ =
∑𝐻
11. The balancing force is equal in magnitude to Fc but opposite in direction, and
its angle from horizontal is (θ+180)

12. Now find the magnitude of balancing mass by following relation:


Fc=m*r
(Where ‘r’ will be given or we can assume any value at which we want to put balancing mass)

Graphical Method
Various steps involved in this method are given below:
8. Draw the space diagram with the positions of the several masses, as shown.
9. Find out the centrifugal forces or product of the mass and radius of rotation exerted by
each mass.
10. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces or product of the
masses and radii of rotation. To draw vector diagram, take a suitable scale.
11. Let ab, bc, cd, de represents the forces Fc1, Fc2, Fc3 and Fc4 on the vector diagram.
Draw ‘ab’ parallel to force Fc1 of the space diagram, at ‘b’ draw a line parallel to
force Fc2. Similarly draw lines cd, de parallel to Fc3 and Fc4 respectively.
12. As per polygon law of forces, the closing side ‘ae’ represents the resultant force in
magnitude and direction as shown in vector diagram.
13. The balancing force is then, equal and opposite to the resultant force.
28

14. Determine the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation (r),
such that,
Fc =m*(ω^2) * r
Where m*r=resultant of m1*r1, m2*r2, m3*r3 and m4*r4
Following figure illustrates this method:

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a plane
(disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method using
pre-determined value of radius R.
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of 180 from
the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means disturbing masses are
balanced.
29

Observations

Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass


No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 20 30 60 13 45 120 11 60 180 40.54 30 122.4


2 10 45 50 15 60 110 15 30 170 30 45 109.99
3 30 60 40 20 30 100 21 45 160 35.1 60 259.42

Specimen Calculations
M1=20g Commented [MAM14]: Presented in good way

M2=13g
M3=11g
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Θ1=60ᵒ
Θ2=120ᵒ
Θ3=180ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

Σ𝐻 = 𝑚1𝑟1𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 + 𝑚2𝑟2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 + 𝑚3𝑟3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃3 =-652.45 gmm


Σ𝑉 = 𝑚1𝑟1𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 + 𝑚2𝑟2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 + 𝑚3𝑟3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃3 = 1026.31 gmm

Now, resultant force Fc is:

Since m*r=Fc, So, 𝐹𝑐 = √(Σ𝐻)2 + (Σ𝑉)2= 1216.14


gmm𝑚 = 𝐹𝑐 =40.54 g for r=30mm
𝑟

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:


30

Σ𝑉
𝜃 = 180° + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) =122.44°
Σ𝐻

Comments
From above experiment we conclude that when there no changing of the planes of rotation
then all we need is to balance the forces (centrifugal forces) only. Because due to the
sameness of the planes of rotation the couple factor is going to be zero and so there is no
need of dynamic balancing. We also conclude that with the help of balancing we can
reduce noise and vibrations in various machineries and industrial components. The
practical use of balancing of different masses on the same plane is in the bikes where the
reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute the center of mass to the center of
the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels. Commented [MAM15]: Comments are repeatng
31

LAB SESSION NO 7
To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different plane at equal radii when
plane of disturbing mass is between the planes of two balancing mass

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the other disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
32

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass 1 Balancing Mass 2

M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 35 60 50 28 60 300 37 60 184
2 28 45 150 30 45 260 47 45 75
3 33 30 110 46 30 170 39 30 290
4 42 60 80 45 60 200 55 60 320

Specimen Calculations

Disturbing mass = M = 30g


Radius = R= 60mm

Θ =100ᵒ
Here,
L1=100mm, L2= 200mm and L3=300mm

And,

Θ 1= 280ᵒ, Θ 2=280ᵒ
Then, by using formula;

M1+M2=M=30

M1R1L1=M2R2L2

M1(60)(100)=M2(60)(200) Commented [MAM16]: Recheck calculations

M1= 2 M2
Now,
M1+2M1=30 And M1=20 and M2=10

Comments
 In this experiment masses were placed in different planes so dynamic balancing was
used in order to evaluate the balancing mass in the other plane.
 Balancing of masses is extremely important in our practical life and is widely used
such as locomotives.
33

LAB SESSION NO 8
To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different plane at different radii
when plane of disturbing mass is between the planes of two balancing mass.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
34

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass 1 Balancing Mass 2

M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 50 30 10 25 60 170 51 45 300
2 42 45 20 26 30 120 36 60 195
3 25 60 30 35 45 210 55 45 160
4 33 30 40 47 60 135 56 45 270
me

Specimen Calculations

Disturbing mass = M = 30g


Radius = R= 90mm

R1=30 mm and R2=60 mm

Θ =100ᵒ
Here,
L1=100mm, L2= 200mm and L3=300mm

And,
Θ 1= 280ᵒ, Θ 2=280ᵒ
Then, by using formula;

M1R1+M2R2=MR=

M1R1L1=M2R2L2

M1(30)(100)=M2(60)(200)
M1= 4 M2
Now,
MR=MR1+MR2

SO,
(26)(90)=M1(30)+M2(60) (26)(90)=M2(4)
(30)+M2(60) and 2340=180 (M2)
M2=52
35

Comments
 In this experiment there were two disturbing masses at different planes and at different
radii which were balanced by a single mass at different plane. As there were different
planes so dynamic balancing took place along with the static balancing to evaluate the
balancing mass.
 There are many applications of the balancing of masses such as in cars engines and
locomotives etc. Commented [MAM17]: Comments should be in practical base
36

LAB SESSION NO 9
To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in different planes at same radii when
plane of balancing mass is on either side of the planes of two disturbing masses.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 100 mm

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
37

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 40 60 90 30 60 160 58 60 29
Commented [MAM18]: Errors in table
9
2 25 45 80 35 45 150 48 45 295
3 33 30 120 30 30 170 32 30 320
4 27 60 60 40 60 190 36 60 345

Specimen Calculations

For 1st observation (where “A” is balancing mass )

Fig 9.1 Angular Position of Masses Fig 9.2 Position of Planes

Fig 9.3 Force Polygon

Scale (1mm = 1×10-3 kg.m )


38

Plane m (kg) r(m) m.r l (m) m.r.l


A Ma (r.p) 0.06 0.06×Ma 0 0
B 0.04 0.06 0.0024 0.1 0.00024
C 0.03 0.06 0.0018 0.2 0.00036

3.4576 ×10-3 =0.06×Ma

Ma = 57.62667 g
Comments
From above experiment we conclude that when there is changing of the planes of rotation
then all we need is to balance the forces (centrifugal forces) and couple effects due to
changing of the plane of rotation. Because of the different planes of rotation the couple
factor is going to be included in balancing so due to this there is a need of dynamic
balancing also. We also conclude that with the help of balancing we can reduce noise and
vibrations in various machineries and industrial components. The practical use of
balancing of different masses on the different planes is in the bicycles where the wheels of
the bicycle gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate itself when stationary due to gravity as it
is still statically balanced, but will not rotate smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of
the center bearing. Commented [MAM19]: Well explained
39

LAB SESSION NO 10
To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in different plane at different radii when
plane of balancing mass is on either side of the planes of two disturbing mass

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
40

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 55 30 60 45 60 150 70 45 299
2 42 45 70 37 30 160 59 60 280
3 35 30 40 27 60 90 45 45 195
4 23 60 80 37 45 200 48 30 320

Specimen Calculations

For 1st observation (where “A” is balancing mass )

Fig 10.1 Angular Position of Masses Fig 10.2 Position of Planes Commented [MAM20]: More detailed required

Fig 10.3 Force Polygon


41

Scale (1mm = 1×10-3 kg.m )

Plane m (kg) r(m) m.r l (m) m.r.l


A Ma (r.p) 0.045 0.045×Ma 0 0
B 0.055 0.03 0.00165 0.1 0.000165
C 0.045 0.06 0.0027 0.2 0.00054

3.1643 ×10-3 = 0.045×Ma


Comments
Ma = 70.31 g
From above experiment we conclude that when there is changing of the planes of rotation
then all we need is to balance the forces (centrifugal forces) and couple effects due to
changing of the plane of rotation. Because of the different planes of rotation the couple
factor is going to be included in balancing so due to this there is a need of dynamic
balancing also. We also conclude that with the help of balancing we can reduce noise and
vibrations in various machineries and industrial components. The practical use of
balancing of different masses on the different planes is in the bicycles where the wheels of
the bicycle gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate itself when stationary due to gravity as it
is still statically balanced, but will not rotate smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of
the center bearing. Commented [MAM21]: Improvement is needed
42

LAB SESSION NO 11
To balance different masses rotating at different radii in the different planes

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration can
cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow wheel,
balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation, which is
done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and angle. For a
system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be closed i.e., both
forces and couples are need to be balanced.
43

Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force of
balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal, without
the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity.
This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute
the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at a radius of
(r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force or
couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to
avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights
must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate
itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate
smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Commented [MAM22]: Theory must be customized as per requir
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:
44

Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a


counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple (F*ℓ =
C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:


m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
45

2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, from force balancing, we got:


m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:

m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Balancing of several masses in the same plane


When different masses are present at different angles from each other and from positive x-
axis at same or different radii in the same plane then in order to balance them, their resultant
centrifugal force is to be calculated and then a mass is calculated from this force and attached
at the required radius at an angle of 180 degree from the direction of disturbing force.
Hence, we are doing static balancing because masses are in the same plane.
It is illustrated in following figure:

To find magnitude and position of balancing masses, we have analytical & graphical
method, which are described below:
46

1) Analytical Method
It has following steps:
 Find out centrifugal force produced by each disturbing mass i.e., product of mass & its
radius of rotation
 Resolve the centrifugal force into its horizontal and vertical components and then find
the sum of horizontal components (∑H) and vertical components (∑V) using following
formulae:


 Find magnitude of resultant centrifugal force using following formula:
 Fc= √∑𝐻2 + ∑𝑉2
 Let ‘θ’ be the angle made by resultant force with horizontal which is:
∑𝑉
 tan =
∑𝐻
 The balancing force is equal in magnitude to Fc but opposite in direction, and its angle
from horizontal is (θ+180)

 Now find the magnitude of balancing mass by following relation:


 Fc=m*r
 (Where ‘r’ will be given or we can assume any value at which we want to put balancing
mass)
Graphical Method
Various steps involved in this method are given below:
1. Draw the space diagram with the positions of the several masses, as shown.
2. Find out the centrifugal forces or product of the mass and radius of rotation exerted by
each mass.
3. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces or product of the
masses and radii of rotation. To draw vector diagram, take a suitable scale.
4. Let ab, bc, cd, de represents the forces Fc1, Fc2, Fc3 and Fc4 on the vector diagram.
Draw ‘ab’ parallel to force Fc1 of the space diagram, at ‘b’ draw a line parallel to
force Fc2. Similarly draw lines cd, de parallel to Fc3 and Fc4 respectively.
5. As per polygon law of forces, the closing side ‘ae’ represents the resultant force in
magnitude and direction as shown in vector diagram.
6. The balancing force is then, equal and opposite to the resultant force.
7. Determine the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation (r),
such that,
Fc =m*(ω^2) * r
Where m*r=resultant of m1*r1, m2*r2, m3*r3 and m4*r4
Following figure illustrates this method:
47

Balancing of different masses present in different planes


When the disturbing masses are present in different planes then both the centrifugal force &
couple need to be balanced for balancing that masses.
Steps of the balancing are as follows:
1 A reference plane is chosen from which lengths to other planes are taken.to the left of
reference plane, the distances are negative while on right side they are positive.
2 A table is made in which the centrifugal forces and couples due to all masses are written.
3 Force and couple polygon is developed using suitable scale.
4 Magnitude of resultant of polygons will give balancing mass and balancing mass will be
antiparallel to the resultant.
These all steps are shown in following figures:
48

Commented [MAM23]: Copy and paste is not required

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a plane
(disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method using
pre-determined value of radius (R).
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of 180 from
the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means disturbing masses are
balanced.
49

Observations
Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass
No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 10 30 0 15 30 60 10 30 207 30 30 226

2 10 90 0 12 30 60 21 60 190 60 60 330

Specimen Calculations
For 1st observation:

M1=10g
M2=15g
R1=30mm
R2=30mm
R3=30mm
R4=30mm

Θ1=0 degree
Θ2=60 degree
L1=4in
L2=8in
L3=12in

Plane Mass (g) Radius Distance Couple


A (Ref) Ma 30 30Ma 0
B 10 30 300 30480
C 15 30 450 91446
Commented [MAM24]: Errors in tables
D M2 30 30Md 9144 md

Here, (F) is centrifugal force and (Dist.) is distance of masses from reference plane.
Now, using suitable scale the couple polygon is
50

9144md=7.2cm=109728

Md=12g Θd=226
degree And the force polygon is:

30Ma=2cm=300
Ma=10g ΘA=180+27=207 degree So, balancing masses
and angles are:
M3=10g

Θ3=207 degree
M4=12g

Θ4=226 degree

Comments Commented [MAM25]: Presented in good way

 In this experiment there were three disturbing masses and were to be balanced by one
mass in different planes. As these were in different planes, so dynamic balancing is also
done along with static balancing.
 There are some errors because the masses are evaluated with the help of graphical
method in which a human can make mistake..
51

Experiment # 12
1. Learning objective:
To determine a graph of follower displacement against angular rotation of the cam

2. Apparatus:
 Cams.
 Cam analyze machine.
 Roller follower.

Demonstration
52

Conclusion:
From the graph of follower displacement we conclude that when there is the uniform
velocity of the follower during the outstroke and the return stroke, so the follower
displacement and angular displacement of the cam give the straight line graph as shown in Commented [MAM26]: Difference between uniform velocity, SH
the demonstration figure. Also from the graph we can see dwell regions. These are the
regions where the velocity of the follower is going to be zero. So we can conclude so much
about cam profile with the help of these types of graphs
53

Experiment # 13
Learning objective:
To draw the cam profile machine and draw the cam profile using displacement diagram with
the help of displacement curve for uniform velocity.

Apparatus:
 Cams.
 Cam analyze machine.
 Roller follower.

Procedure:
The procedure is given below,

 Place the Cam to the motor and fly wheel apparatus.


 Mount the follower onto the cam.
 Set the graph apparatus.
 Now, start the motor, during its motion the shaft will rotate causing the cam to
rotate.
 Follower follows the cam and graph is being plotted between displacement and
periods for forward stroke, dwells and reverse strokes. Commented [MAM27]: Figures should be labeled
54

Observations and calculations:


 No offset
 Base diameter=5.1 cm
 Roller diameter= 15 mm
 Stroke length= 50 mm
 Forward stroke= 120.2o
 Dwell 1=35.2o
 Dwell 2=96.2o
 Reverse stroke= 1080
Cam profile is drawn and attached to the report

Comments
With the help of above experiment and some given values we finally developed a
cam profile. Well there are some defects because the profile is handmade so it is not
completely accurate.
Average Lab Manual
Marks=14/20

Commented [MAM1]: Marks are 14 out of 20

Commented [MAM2]: Presentation need to be improved

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING (NEW CAMPUS)
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
LAHORE

Submitted to:
Commented [MAM3]: Late submission

Mr. Adeel Munir

Submitted by:

2018-ME-308 Commented [MAM4]: Comments need to be improved

2018-ME-330 Commented [MAM5]: Graphs are missing

Commented [MAM6]: Some errors in calculations


Rubrics (Cognitive) for Lab report
Group No: Session:
Criteria Points
10 (outstanding) 8 (Best) 5 (Average) 3 (weakest)
Data & Results Data table and graph Both accurate, some ill- Both complete, minor Data table and/or graph missing 8
Results in the form of neatly completed and formed characters. inaccuracies and/or illegible information and are inaccurate.
data, graphs etc. totally accurate. characters.

Findings & Discussion The discussion soundly • The discussion The discussion fair interprets the The discussion may be 8
interprets the findings interprets the findings findings and is connected with incomplete or partially/ not
and is carefully and is connected with other sections of the report such clearly connected to the results.
connected with other other sections of the as the background, problem The connection with other
sections of the report report such as the statement, research questions, sections is vague. •The findings
such as the background, background, problem instruments and results. •The presented are mere repetitions
problem statement, statement, research findings are either fairly of the results without
research questions, questions, instruments discussed or not discussed in appropriate interpretation
instruments and results. and results. •The findings relation to theory and findings of •Implications,
•The findings are are either superficially past studies cited in literature recommendations and
judiciously discussed in discussed or not review. •Implications, directions for future research
relation to theory and discussed in relation to recommendations and directions are not drawn from the research
findings of past studies theory and findings of for future research are fair drawn findings. •Limitations of the
cited in literature review. past studies cited in from the research findings. study are irrelevant
•Implications, literature review. • •Limitations of the study are
recommendations and Implications, relevant and adequately
directions for future recommendations and described.
research are carefully directions for future
drawn from the research research are drawn from
findings. •Limitations of the research findings. •
the study are relevant Limitations of the study
and extensively are relevant and
described. adequately described.
Conclusion The closing paragraph The closing paragraph The closing paragraph attempts to Concluding paragraph is not 8
Provide answers to summarizes and draws a summarizes and draws a summarize but draws a weak apparent
objectives stated earlier clear and well developed sufficiently supported conclusion
conclusion conclusion
Mechanics Presentation/report has Presentation/report has The Presentation/reports had five Students’ presentation/report 5
no misspellings or no more than three misspellings and/or grammatical had 10 or more spelling/ errors
grammatical errors. misspellings and/or errors. and /or grammatical errors.
grammatical errors.

Team work Each group member Most group members Some group members contributed Few group members 8
made contributions to contributed to project to project materials and contributed to project materials
project material and materials and presentations. and presentation.
presentation. presentations.

Interaction Student attendance in the Student attendance in the Student attendance in the lab Student attendance in the lab 8
lab sessions/ meeting lab sessions/ meeting sessions/ meeting with sessions/ meeting with Final
with FYP/semester with FYP/semester FYP/semester project Year /semester project
project supervisor(s) was project supervisor(s) was supervisor(s) was above 60 % supervisor(s) was below 40 %
above 90 % above 75 %
Total Points 14
List of Experiments

Experiment No. Description


Experiment No. 1 To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane at equal radii.

Experiment No. 2 To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane at different radii.

Experiment No. 3 To balance two rotating masses with a single mass rotating in
the same plane at equal radii.
Experiment No. 4 To balance two rotating masses with a single rotating mass rotating
in the same plane at different radii.
Experiment No. 5 To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single
mass (balancing mass) rotating in the same plane at equal
radii.
Experiment No. 6 To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single
mass (balancing mass) rotating in the same plane at
different radii.
Experiment No. 7 To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the
different plane at equal radii when plane of disturbing mass is
between the planes of two balancing mass.
Experiment No. 8 To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the
different plane at different radii when plane of disturbing mass is
between the planes of two balancing mass.
Experiment No. 9 To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in same plane
at equal radii when planes of balancing mass is on either side of the
planes of two disturbing mass.
Experiment No. 10 To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in same plane
at different radii when planes of balancing mass is on either side of
the planes of two disturbing mass.
Experiment No. 11 To balance different masses rotating at different radii in the
different planes.

Experiment No. 12 To determine a graph of follower displacement against angular


rotation of the cam

To draw the cam profile machine and draw the cam profile
Experiment No. 13 using displacement diagram with the help of displacement
curve for uniform velocity
LAB SESSION NO 1
To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating in the
same plane at equal radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy
industrial machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships,
vibration can cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case
of a narrow wheel, balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center
of rotation, which is done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a
specific radius and angle. For a system to be in complete balance both force and
couple polygons should be closed i.e., both forces and couples are need to be
balanced.
Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of
rotation. The centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and
opposite centrifugal force of balancing mass. The object can therefore remain
stationary, with the axis horizontal, without the application of any braking force. It
has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity. This is seen in bike wheels
where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute the center of
mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at
a radius of (r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing
we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce
any resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both
force and couple to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the
application of any external force or couple, other than that required to support its
weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to avoid the stress upon the bearings
caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights must be added. This is
seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate itself when
stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate smoothly
as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:
Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a
counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise
couple (F*ℓ = C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of
single rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing
masses Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:


m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing
masses Following figure illustrates it:

Now, from force balancing, we got:


m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple
balancing:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a
specific value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an
angle of 180 degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced
statically.
Observations
Sr. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass Commented [MAM7]: Recalculate the table
No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

21 60 40 21 60 220
15 30 20 15 30 200
16 90 40 16 90 220
26 90 80 26 90 260

Specimen Calculations
For 1st observation:

M1 = 21g
R1 = 60mm
R2 = 60mm
Now, using equation of static balancing,
M1 * R1=M2 * R2
M2 = 21g

Comments

 One is balanced by a mass with same radii and same mass but placed
180o apart from the rotating mass.
 By doing so, we can balance the resultant of the disturbance forces in
the rotating elements.
 Centrifugal forces causes the unbalancing.
LAB SESSION NO 2
To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating in the
same plane at different radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a
specific value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an
angle of 180 degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced
statically.
Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 21 60 40 14 90 220
2 15 30 20 7.5 60 200
3 16 90 40 24 60 220
4 26 90 80 30 30 260

Specimen Calculations
For 1st observation:

M1=21g
R1=60mm
R2=90mm
Now, using equation of static balancing,
M1 * R1=M2 * R2
M2= 14g

Comments
 In dynamic balancing, in addition to static balancing, moments are also to be
balanced.
 Vibration and wobbling are the main disturbances in the system.
 Counter weights at specific radius and angles are required to balance
the system.
 For the same plane action only centrifugal force are to be balanced. Commented [MAM8]: More technical comments are needed
LAB SESSION NO 3
To balance two rotating masses with a single mass rotating in the same plane at
equal radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius
and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1. Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table
2. Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a
specific value of radius and angle in a disc.
3. This will be the disturbing mass.
4. Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an
angle of 180 degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5. This will be the balancing mass.
6. Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
7. The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced
statically.

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 28 60 200 32 60 220 59 60 59
2 40 45 120 36 45 110 76 45 335
3 52 30 90 31 30 120 80 30 349
4 48 60 80 56 60 160 80 60 326

Specimen Calculations

For 1st observation:

M1=28g
M2=32g
R1=60mm
R2=60mm
Θ1=200ᵒ
Θ2=220ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

= -0.00181

= -0.00305
Now, resultant force Fc is:

Fc = √(∑𝑉)2 + (∑𝐻)2 = 0.003546 kg.m


Since m*r=Fc,
So,
m = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1000 = 59g
𝑟

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:


∑𝑉
𝜃 = tan−1 = 59ᵒ
∑𝐻

Comments

 In same plane, only the centrifugal forces are balance.


 Centrifugal forces disturbs the rotating element and causes the unbalancing.
 ‘mr’ suggests that if you have lower masses then again system can be
balanced by increasing the radius of rotation to balance the system. Commented [MAM9]: Improve comments
LAB SESSION NO 4
To balance two rotating masses with a single rotating mass rotating in the same
plane at different radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a
specific value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an
angle of 180 degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced
statically.
Observatio

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 28 60 200 32 45 120 40 60 286


2 40 45 120 36 60 260 31 45 66
3 52 30 90 31 45 140 89 30 336
4 48 60 80 56 30 300 32 60 44

Specimen Calculations
For 1st observation:

M1=28g
M2=32g
R1=60mm
R2=45mm
Θ1=200ᵒ
Θ2=120ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

= -0.00292

= -0.00305
Now, resultant force Fc is:

Fc = √(∑𝑉)2 + (∑𝐻)2 = 0.003546 kg.m


Since m*r=Fc,
So,
m = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1000 = 40g
𝑟

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:


∑𝑉
𝜃 = tan−1 = 286ᵒ
∑𝐻
Commen
 In dynamic balancing, in addition to static balancing, moments are also
balanced.
 Vibration and wobbling are the main disturbances in the system.
 Counter weights at specific radius and angles are required to balance
the system.
 For the same plane action only centrifugal force are to be balanced. Commented [MAM10]: Good comments but are repeating
LAB SESSION NO 5
To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass (balancing
mass) rotating in the same plane at equal radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy
industrial machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships,
vibration can cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case
of a narrow wheel, balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center
of rotation, which is done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a
specific radius and angle. For a system to be in complete balance both force and
couple polygons should be closed i.e., both forces and couples are need to be
balanced.
Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of
rotation. The centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and
opposite centrifugal force of balancing mass. The object can therefore remain
stationary, with the axis horizontal, without the application of any braking force. It
has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity. This is seen in bike wheels
where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute the center of
mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at
a radius of (r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing
we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce
any resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both
force and couple to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the
application of any external force or couple, other than that required to support its
weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to avoid the stress upon the bearings
caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights must be added. This is
seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate itself when
stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate smoothly
as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:
Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a
counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise
couple (F*ℓ = C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of
single rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing
masses Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:


m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing
masses Following figure illustrates it:

Now, from force balancing, we got:


m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Balancing of several masses in the same plane


When different masses are present at different angles from each other and from positive
x-axis at same or different radii in the same plane then in order to balance them,
their resultant centrifugal force is to be calculated and then a mass is calculated from
this force and attached at the required radius at an angle of 180 degree from the direction
of disturbing force.
Hence, we are doing static balancing because masses are in the same
plane. It is illustrated in following figure:

To find magnitude and position of balancing masses, we have analytical &


graphical method, which are described below:
1) Analytical Method
It has following steps:
1. Find out centrifugal force produced by each disturbing mass i.e., product of
mass & its radius of rotation
2. Resolve the centrifugal force into its horizontal and vertical components and
then find the sum of horizontal components (∑H) and vertical components (∑V)
using following formulae:

3. Find magnitude of resultant centrifugal force using following formula:


Fc= √∑𝐻2 + ∑𝑉2
4. Let ‘θ’ be the angle made by resultant force with horizontal which is:

5. ∑ to Fc but opposite in direction,


The balancing force is equal in magnitude
𝑉
and its angle from horizontal is (θ+180)
tan =

6. Now find the magnitude of balancing mass by following relation:


Fc=m*r
(Where ‘r’ will be given or we can assume any value at which we want to put balancing
mass)

Graphical Method
Various steps involved in this method are given below:
1. Draw the space diagram with the positions of the several masses, as shown.
2. Find out the centrifugal forces or product of the mass and radius of rotation
exerted by each mass.
3. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces or product of Commented [MAM11]: use customized theory
the masses and radii of rotation. To draw vector diagram, take a suitable
scale.
4. Let ab, bc, cd, de represents the forces Fc1, Fc2, Fc3 and Fc4 on the vector
diagram. Draw ‘ab’ parallel to force Fc1 of the space diagram, at ‘b’ draw a line
parallel to force Fc2. Similarly draw lines cd, de parallel to Fc3 and Fc4
respectively.
5. As per polygon law of forces, the closing side ‘ae’ represents the resultant force
in magnitude and direction as shown in vector diagram.
6. The balancing force is then, equal and opposite to the resultant force.
7. Determine the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation
(r), such that,
Fc =m*(ω^2) * r
Where m*r=resultant of m1*r1, m2*r2, m3*r3 and m4*r4
Following figure illustrates this method:

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a
plane (disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method
using pre-determined value of radius (R).
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of
180 from the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of
speed control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means
disturbing masses are balanced.
Observations

Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass


No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 13 90 60 13 90 120 11 90 180 25.1 90 116.0


4
2 11 30 20 11 30 100 11 30 200 10.7 30 100

3 15 60 30 16 60 150 17 60 270 1.73 60 240

Specimen Calculations
For 1st observation:

M1=20g
M2=13g
M3=11g
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Θ1=60ᵒ
Θ2=120ᵒ
Θ3=180ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

Now, resultant force Fc is:

Since m*r=Fc, So,


Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:

Comments

 Centrifugal forces of the elements mounted to the rotating elements disturbs


the rotating element and causes the unbalancing.
 In static balancing only these centrifugal forces are to be balanced but in
case of dynamic balancing moments are also to be balanced.
 Vibration and wobbling are the main disturbances in the system. Commented [MAM12]: Good comments
LAB SESSION NO 6
To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass (balancing
mass) rotating in the same plane at different radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius
and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a
plane (disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method
using pre-determined value of radius (R).
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of
180 from the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of
speed control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means
disturbing masses are balanced.

Observations

Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass


No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 28 60 200 32 45 120 34 30 60 36 60 -57


2 40 45 120 36 30 260 26 45 190 52 45 74
3 52 30 90 31 60 140 45 60 200 132 30 C- ented [MAM13]: These angles should be explained
o8m7
m

Specimen Calculations
For 1st observation:
M1=28g
R1=60mm Θ1=200ᵒ
M2=32g
R2=45mm Θ2=120ᵒ
M3=34g
R3=30mm Θ3=60ᵒ

Now, using analytical method,

= 0.001182

= -0.00179
Now, resultant force Fc
is:
Fc = √(∑𝑉)2 + (∑𝐻)2 = 0.002144 kg.m

Since m*r=Fc, So,


m = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1000 = 36g
𝑟
Comments

 For the weights to be in different quadrant we need to find angle of


resultant with great care so that proper angle could be achieved.
 Counter weights at specific radius and angles are required to balance
the system.
 For the same plane action only centrifugal force are to be balanced. Commented [MAM14]: Well explained
LAB SESSION NO 7
To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different plane at
equal radii when plane of disturbing mass is between the planes of two balancing
mass

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius
and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then
use levelling screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at
a specific value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at
an angle of 180 degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of
speed control knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is
balanced statically.

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass 1 Balancing Mass 2

M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 35 60 50 28 60 300 37 60 184
2 28 45 150 30 45 260 47 45 75
3 33 30 110 46 30 170 39 30 290
4 42 60 80 45 60 200 55 60 320

Specimen Calculations

Disturbing mass = m =
35g Radius = r = 60mm

Θ =50ᵒ
Here,
L1=100mm, L2= 200mm and
L3=300mm

And,

Θ 1= 300ᵒ, Θ
2=184ᵒ Then, by
using formula;

m2= (m*r*L1)/ r2 * L3
m2=37 g
Now,

m1= (m*r*L2)/ r1
* L3 m1
= 28 g
Comments

 Centrifugal forces of the elements mounted to the rotating elements disturbs the
rotating element and causes the unbalancing.
 In dynamic balancing we need to balance the forces as well as the moments
produced due to these centrifugal forces.
 For different plane we need balance the centrifugal forces as well as the
moments to get the system whole balanced. Commented [MAM15]: Repeating comments
LAB SESSION NO 8
To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different plane at
different radii when plane of disturbing mass is between the planes of two balancing
mass.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius
and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a
specific value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an
angle of 180 degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced
statically.

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass 1 Balancing Mass 2

M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 50 30 10 25 60 170 51 45 300
2 42 45 20 26 30 120 36 60 195
3 25 60 30 35 45 210 55 45 160
4 33 30 45 47 60 135 56 45 270

Specimen Calculations

Disturbing mass = m =
50g Radius = r = 30mm

Θ =10ᵒ
Here,
L1=100mm, L2= 200mm and
L3=300mm

And,

Θ 1= 170ᵒ, Θ
2=300ᵒ Then, by
using formula;

m2= (m*r*L1)/ r2 * L3
m2=51 g
Now,

m1= (m*r*L2)/ r1
* L3 m1
= 25 g
Comments

 In dynamic balancing we need to balance the forces as well as the moments


produced due to these centrifugal forces.
 For different plane we need balance the centrifugal forces as well as the
moments to get the system whole balanced.
 For the same plane action only centrifugal force are to be balanced. Commented [MAM16]: More comments are required
LAB SESSION NO 9
To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in same plane at different
radii when planes of disturbing mass is on either side of the planes of two
balancing mass.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius
and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a
specific value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an
angle of 180 degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced
statically.

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 40 60 90 30 60 160 58 60 299
2 25 45 80 35 45 150 48 45 295
3 33 30 120 30 30 170 32 30 320
4 27 60 60 40 60 190 36 60 345 Co mmented [MAM17]: Graph should be added

Specimen Calculations

For 1st observation (where “A” is balancing mass )

Fig 9.1 Angular Position of Masses Fig 9.2 Position of Planes

Fig 9.3 Force Polygon


Scale (1mm = 1×10-3 kgm)

Plane m (kg) r(m) m.r l (m) m.r.l


A Ma (r.p) 0.06 0.06×Ma 0 0
B 0.04 0.06 0.0024 0.1 0.00024
C 0.03 0.06 0.0018 0.2 0.00036

3.4576 ×10-3 =0.06×Ma


Ma =
57.62667 g

Comments
 In forming couple diagram, we need to consider that the system is balanced and
it is only possible if resultant couple is zero.
 For different plane we need balance the centrifugal forces as well as the
moments to get the system whole balanced.
 Vibration and wobbling are the main disturbances in the system.
 Centrifugal forces of the elements mounted to the rotating elements disturbs
the rotating element and causes the unbalancing. Commented [MAM18]: Well explained
LAB SESSION NO 10
To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in different plane at different radii
when planes of disturbing mass is on either side of the planes of two balancing mass

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius
and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a
specific value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an
angle of 180 degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced
statically.

Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 55 30 60 45 60 150 70 45 299
2 42 45 70 37 30 160 59 60 280
3 35 30 40 27 60 90 45 45 195
4 23 60 80 37 45 200 48 30 320

Specimen Calculations

For 1st observation (where “A” is balancing mass )

Fig 10.1 Angular Position of Masses Fig 10.2 Position of Planes


Fig 10.3 Force Polygon

Scale (1mm = 1×10-3 kg.m )

Plane m (kg) r(m) m.r l (m) m.r.l


A Ma (r.p) 0.045 0.045×Ma 0 0
B 0.055 0.03 0.00165 0.1 0.000165
C 0.045 0.06 0.0027 0.2 0.00054

3.1643 ×10-3 =
0.045×Ma
Ma = 70.31 g Commented [MAM19]: Error in calculations

Comments
LAB SESSION NO 11
To balance different masses rotating at different radii in the different planes

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius
and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation
and put it in the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy
industrial machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships,
vibration can cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case
of a narrow wheel, balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center
of rotation, which is done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a
specific radius and angle. For a system to be in complete balance both force and
couple polygons should be closed i.e., both forces and couples are need to be
balanced.
Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of
rotation. The centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and
opposite centrifugal force of balancing mass. The object can therefore remain
stationary, with the axis horizontal, without the application of any braking force. It
has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity. This is seen in bike wheels
where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute the center of
mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at
a radius of (r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing
we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce
any resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both
force and couple to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the
application of any external force or couple, other than that required to support its
weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to avoid the stress upon the bearings
caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights must be added. This is
seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate itself when
stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate smoothly
as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced: Commented [MAM20]: Theory should be customized
Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a
counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise
couple (F*ℓ = C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of
single rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing
masses Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:


m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing
masses Following figure illustrates it:

Now, from force balancing, we got:


m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Balancing of several masses in the same plane


When different masses are present at different angles from each other and from positive
x-axis at same or different radii in the same plane then in order to balance them,
their resultant centrifugal force is to be calculated and then a mass is calculated from
this force and attached at the required radius at an angle of 180 degree from the direction
of disturbing force.
Hence, we are doing static balancing because masses are in the same
plane. It is illustrated in following figure:

To find magnitude and position of balancing masses, we have analytical & graphical
method, which are described below:
1) Analytical Method
It has following steps:
a. Find out centrifugal force produced by each disturbing mass i.e., product of
mass & its radius of rotation
b. Resolve the centrifugal force into its horizontal and vertical components and
then find the sum of horizontal components (∑H) and vertical components (∑V)
using following formulae:

c.
d. Find magnitude of resultant centrifugal force using following formula:
a. Fc= √∑𝐻2 + ∑𝑉2
e. Let ‘θ’ be the angle made by resultant force with horizontal which is:
∑𝑉
f. tan =
∑𝐻
g. The balancing force is equal in magnitude to Fc but opposite in direction,
and its angle from horizontal is (θ+180)

h. Now find the magnitude of balancing mass by following relation:


i. Fc=m*r
(Where ‘r’ will be given or we can assume any value at which we want to put
balancing mass)

Graphical Method
Various steps involved in this method are given below:
1. Draw the space diagram with the positions of theseveral masses, as shown. mass and radius of rotation
2. Find out the centrifugal forces or product of the Commented [MAM21]: Write difference between analytical a
exerted by each mass.
3. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces or product of
the masses and radii of rotation. To draw vector diagram, take a suitable
scale.
4. Let ab, bc, cd, de represents the forces Fc1, Fc2, Fc3 and Fc4 on the vector
diagram. Draw ‘ab’ parallel to force Fc1 of the space diagram, at ‘b’ draw a line
parallel to force Fc2. Similarly draw lines cd, de parallel to Fc3 and Fc4
respectively.
5. As per polygon law of forces, the closing side ‘ae’ represents the resultant force
in magnitude and direction as shown in vector diagram.
6. The balancing force is then, equal and opposite to the resultant force.
7. Determine the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation
(r), such that,
Fc =m*(ω^2) * r
Where m*r=resultant of m1*r1, m2*r2, m3*r3 and m4*r4
Following figure illustrates this method:

Balancing of different masses present in different planes


When the disturbing masses are present in different planes then both the centrifugal
force & couple need to be balanced for balancing that masses.
Steps of the balancing are as follows:
1 A reference plane is chosen from which lengths to other planes are taken.to the
left of reference plane, the distances are negative while on right side they are
positive.
2 A table is made in which the centrifugal forces and couples due to all masses
are written.
3 Force and couple polygon is developed using suitable scale.
4 Magnitude of resultant of polygons will give balancing mass and balancing
mass will be antiparallel to the resultant.
These all steps are shown in following figures:
Commented [MAM22]: Its copied
Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use
levelling screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a
plane (disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method
using pre-determined value of radius (R).
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of
180 from the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of
speed control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not
reciprocate forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means
disturbing masses are balanced.

Observations
Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass
No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 10 30 0 15 30 60 10 30 207 30 30 226

2 10 90 0 12 30 60 21 60 190 60 60 330

Specimen Calculations Commented [MAM23]: Table has errors

For 1st observation:


M1=10g
M2=15g
R1=30mm
R2=30mm
R3=30mm
R4=30mm

Θ1=0 degree

Θ2=60 degree

L1=4in
L2=8in
L3=12in

Plane Mass (g) Radius Distance Couple


A (Ref) Ma 30 30Ma 0
B 10 30 300 30480
C 15 30 450 91446
D M2 30 30Md 9144 md

Here, (F) is centrifugal force and (Dist.) is distance of masses from reference plane.
Now, using suitable scale the couple polygon is

9144md=7.2cm=109
728

Md=12g
Θd=226 degree And the force polygon is:

30Ma=2c
m=300 Ma=10g ΘA=180+27=207 degree So,
balancing masses and angles are:
M3=10g

Θ3=207 degree
M4=12g

Θ4=226 degree
Comments: Commented [MAM24]: Comments are missing
Experiment #
1 12
To determine a graph of follower displacement against angular rotation of the cam

2. Apparatus:
 Cams.
 Cam analyze machine.
 Roller follower.

Demonstration:
The displacement diagram when the follower moves with uniform acceleration and
retardation is shown in Fig. 1. We see that the displacement diagram consists of a
parabolic curve and may be drawn as discussed below:

1. Divide the angular displacement of the cam during out stroke ( θ ) into any
even number of equal parts (say eight) and draw vertical lines through these
points as shown in Fig.1
2. Divide the stroke of the follower (s) into the same number of equal even parts.
3. Join Aa to intersect the vertical line through point 1 at B. Similarly, obtain the
other points C, D etc. as shown in Fig. 1. Now join these points to obtain the
parabolic curve for the out stroke of the follower.
4. In the similar way as discussed above, the displacement diagram for the
follower during return stroke may be drawn.

Figure 1

Displacement Diagram
Experiment #
1 13
To draw the cam profile machine and draw the cam profile using
displacement diagram with the help of displacement curve for uniform
velocity.

2. Apparatus:
 Cams.
 Cam analyze machine.
 Roller follower.

3. Procedure:
The procedure is given below,

 Place the Cam to the motor and fly wheel apparatus.


 Mount the follower onto the cam.
 Set the graph apparatus.
 Now, start the motor, during its motion the shaft will rotate causing
the cam to rotate.
 Follower follows the cam and graph is being plotted between displacement
and periods for forward stroke, dwells and reverse strokes.

4. Observations and calculations:


 No offset
 Base diameter=5.1 cm
 Roller diameter= 15 mm
 Stroke length= 50 mm
 Forward stroke= 120.2o
 Dwell 1=35.2o
 Dwell 2=96.2o
 Reverse stroke= 1080
Cam profile is drawn and attached to the report. Commented [MAM25]: Define all terms
Displacement Diagram 1
Cam Profile 1

5. Comments Commented [MAM26]: Comments are required


Worst Lab Manual

Marks=11/20

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING (NEW CAMPUS) Commented [MAM1]: Marks are 11 out of 20

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY


LAHORE

Commented [MAM2]: Lab report is incomplete. Two experiment

Commented [MAM3]: Presentation of manual is very poor

Commented [MAM4]: Errors are in calculations and tables

Commented [MAM5]: Need to read my comments on all experim

Commented [MAM6]: Quality of comments need to be improved


Submitted to:

Mr. Adeel Munir

Submitted by:

Group #6
Ahmad Alam2018-ME-316
Umer Farooq 2018-ME-
Commented [MAM7]: Total marks are 11 out of 20

Commented [MAM8]: Improvement is needed


Rubrics (Cognitive) for Lab report
Group No: Session:
Criteria Points
10 (outstanding) 8 (Best) 5 (Average) 3 (weakest)
Data & Results Data table and graph Both accurate, some ill- Both complete, minor Data table and/or graph missing 5
Results in the form of neatly completed and formed characters. inaccuracies and/or illegible information and are inaccurate.
data, graphs etc. totally accurate. characters.

Findings & Discussion The discussion soundly •The discussion The discussion fair interprets the The discussion may be 5
interprets the findings interprets the findings findings and is connected with incomplete or partially/ not
and is carefully and is connected with other sections of the report such clearly connected to the results.
connected with other other sections of the as the background, problem The connection with other
sections of the report report such as the statement, research questions, sections is vague. •The findings
such as the background, background, problem instruments and results. •The presented are mere repetitions
problem statement, statement, research findings are either fairly of the results without
research questions, questions, instruments discussed or not discussed in appropriate interpretation
instruments and results. and results. •The findings relation to theory and findings of •Implications,
•The findings are are either superficially past studies cited in literature recommendations and
judiciously discussed in discussed or not review. •Implications, directions for future research
relation to theory and discussed in relation to recommendations and directions are not drawn from the research
findings of past studies theory and findings of for future research are fair drawn findings. •Limitations of the
cited in literature review. past studies cited in from the research findings. study are irrelevant
•Implications, literature review. • •Limitations of the study are
recommendations and Implications, relevant and adequately
directions for future recommendations and described.
research are carefully directions for future
drawn from the research research are drawn from
findings. •Limitations of the research findings. •
the study are relevant Limitations of the study
and extensively are relevant and
described. adequately described.
Conclusion The closing paragraph The closing paragraph The closing paragraph attempts to Concluding paragraph is not 5
Provide answers to summarizes and draws a summarizes and draws a summarize but draws a weak apparent
objectives stated earlier clear and well developed sufficiently supported conclusion
conclusion conclusion
Mechanics Presentation/report has Presentation/report has The Presentation/reports had Students’ presentation/report 5
no misspellings or no more than three several misspellings and/or had 10 or more spelling/ errors
grammatical errors. misspellings and/or grammatical errors. and /or grammatical errors.
grammatical errors.

Team work Each group member Most group members Some group members contributed Few group members 8
made contributions to contributed to project to project materials and contributed to project materials
project material and materials and presentations. and presentation.
presentation. presentations.

Interaction Student attendance in the Student attendance in the Student attendance in the lab Student attendance in the lab 8
lab sessions/ meeting lab sessions/ meeting sessions/ meeting with sessions/ meeting with Final
with FYP/semester with FYP/semester FYP/semester project Year /semester project
project supervisor(s) was project supervisor(s) was supervisor(s) was above 60 % supervisor(s) was below 40 %
above 90 % above 75 %
Total Points 11
List of Experiments

Experiment No. Description


Experiment No. 1 To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane at equal radii.

Experiment No. 2 To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating
in the same plane at different radii.

Experiment No. 3 To balance two rotating masses with a single mass rotating in the
same plane at equal radii.
Experiment No. 4 To balance two rotating masses with a single rotating mass rotating in
the same plane at different radii.
Experiment No. 5 To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass
(balancing mass) rotating in the same plane at equal radii.
Experiment No. 6 To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass
(balancing mass) rotating in the same plane at different radii.
Experiment No. 7 To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different
plane at equal radii when plane of disturbing mass is between the
planes of two balancing mass.
Experiment No. 8 To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different
plane at different radii when plane of disturbing mass is between the
planes of two balancing mass.
Experiment No. 9 To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in same plane at
equal radii when planes of balancing mass is on either side of the
planes of two disturbing mass.
Experiment No. 10 To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in same plane at
different radii when planes of balancing mass is on either side of the
planes of two disturbing mass.
Experiment No. 11 To balance different masses rotating at different radii in the different
planes.
LAB SESSION NO 1
To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating in the same plane at
equal radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration can
cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow wheel,
balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation, which is
done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and angle. For a
system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be closed i.e., both
forces and couples are need to be balanced.
Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force of
balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal, without
the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity.
This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute
the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at a radius of Commented [MAM9]: More theory for
(r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got: explanation is required

m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force or
couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to
avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights
must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate
itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate
smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:
Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a
counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple (F*ℓ =
C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:


m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:
Now, from force balancing, we got:
m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:

m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.

Observations
Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 20 60 40 20 60 220
2 25 30 60 25 30 240
3 30 45 70 30 45 250
4 32 60 90 32 60 27 Commented [MAM10]: There should be graph to explain the tabl
0
Specimen Calculations
For 3rd observation: -

M1 = 30g
R1 = 45mm
R2 = 45mm
Now, using equation of static balancing,

M1 * R1=M2 * R2
M2 = 30g

Comments
While balancing the disturbance from single rotating mass, we use the mass of same
weight in the same radii and same plane. We place the masses at exact 180° to balance the
disturbing masses.
Commented [MAM11]: Comments need improvement
LAB SESSION NO 2
To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating in the same plane at
different radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 21 60 40 14 90 220
2 15 30 20 7.5 60 200
3 18 90 40 27 60 220
4 26 30 80 13 60 260
5 18 60 60 24 45 240

Specimen Calculations
M1=21g Commented [MAM12]: Explanation through graph is required

R1=60mm
R2=90mm
Now, using equation of static balancing,

M1 * R1=M2 * R2
M2= 14g

Comments
 We balance the disturbing masses by placing the mass at 180° but the product of mass
and radius of balancing mass and product of mass and radius of disturbing mass. If we
decrease the mass of disturbing mass, then we can compensate it by increasing the
radii.
 We can get some error due to systematic error and personal error.
Commented [MAM13]: Comments need to be added
for better explanation
LAB SESSION NO 3
To balance two rotating masses with a single mass rotating in the same plane at equal radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1. Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2. Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3. This will be the disturbing mass.
4. Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5. This will be the balancing mass.
6. Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7. The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
Observatio

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 20 30 90 24 30 120 42 30 285
2 23 45 100 26 45 120 48 45 15
3 30 60 60 33 60 80 62 60 70
4 28 60 200ᵒ 32 60 220 59 60 59

Specimen Calculations
For 2nd Observation

M1=23g
M2=26g Commented [MAM14]: It should be explained with analytical as

R1=45mm
R2=45mm
Θ1=100ᵒ
Θ2=120ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

= -0.00764

= -0.002032
Now, resultant force Fc is:

Fc = √(∑𝑉)2 + (∑𝐻)2 = 0.002171 kg.m


Since m*r=Fc, So,

m = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1000 = 48g
𝑟

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:


∑𝑉
𝜃 = tan−1 = 15ᵒ
∑𝐻
Commen
 The disturbing mass have horizontal and vertical components due to the centrifugal
force so we can find the required mass and angle by this and put the balancing mass
in the same plane at same radii.
 We can get some error due to systematic error and negligence. Commented [MAM15]: More explanation is needed
that why we use multiple masses
LAB SESSION NO 4
To balance two rotating masses with a single rotating mass rotating in the same plane at
different radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
Observatio

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 25 30 50 29 45 60 68 30 56
2 28 60 200 32 30 220 43 60 27
3 30 60 60 33 45 80 53 60 69
4 34 45 70 36 60 90 80 45 81

Specimen Calculations M1=30g Commented [MAM16]: What is the reason to use the varying rad

M2=33g
R1=60mm
R2=45mm
Θ1=60ᵒ
Θ2=80ᵒ

Now, using analytical method,

= 1157.8

= 3021.2
Now, resultant force Fc is:

Fc = √(∑𝑉)2 + (∑𝐻)2= 3235.4 g.m


Since m*r=Fc, So,

m = 𝐹𝑐 = 53g
𝑟

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:


∑𝑉
𝜃 = tan−1 = 56ᵒ Commented [MAM17]: Angle should be verified in
∑𝐻 calculations

Commented [MAM18]: What are the benefits for changing the ra


Commen
 This experiment is same as last experiment except the radii is different in this
experiment. We can find the mass and angle of balancing mass by centrifugal force’s
horizontal and vertical component. Commented [MAM19]:
 We can use the radii as you wish.
 We also don’t need to do dynamic balancing here.
LAB SESSION NO 5
To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating in the
same plane at equal radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration can
cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow wheel,
balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation, which is
done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and angle. For a
system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be closed i.e., both
forces and couples are need to be balanced.
Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force of
balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal, without
the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity.
This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute
the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.
Commented [MAM20]: What are effects if
system is dynamically not balanced

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at a radius of
(r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force or
couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to
avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights
must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate
itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate
smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:
Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a
counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple (F*ℓ =
C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:


m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:
Now, from force balancing, we got:
m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:

m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Balancing of several masses in the same plane


When different masses are present at different angles from each other and from positive x-
axis at same or different radii in the same plane then in order to balance them, their resultant
centrifugal force is to be calculated and then a mass is calculated from this force and attached
at the required radius at an angle of 180 degree from the direction of disturbing force.
Hence, we are doing static balancing because masses are in the same plane.
It is illustrated in following figure:

To find magnitude and position of balancing masses, we have analytical & graphical method,
which are described below:
1) Analytical Method
It has following steps:
1. Find out centrifugal force produced by each disturbing mass i.e., product of mass & its
radius of rotation
2. Resolve the centrifugal force into its horizontal and vertical components and then find
the sum of horizontal components (∑H) and vertical components (∑V) using
following formulae:

3. Find magnitude of resultant centrifugal force using following formula:


Fc= √∑𝐻2 + ∑𝑉2
4. Let ‘θ’ be the angle made by resultant force with horizontal which is:
∑𝑉
tan =
∑𝐻
5. The balancing force is equal in magnitude to Fc but opposite in direction, and its angle
from horizontal is (θ+180)

6. Now find the magnitude of balancing mass by following relation:


Fc=m*r
(Where ‘r’ will be given or we can assume any value at which we want to put balancing mass)

Graphical Method
Various steps involved in this method are given below:
1. Draw the space diagram with the positions of the several masses, as shown.
2. Find out the centrifugal forces or product of the mass and radius of rotation exerted by
each mass.
3. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces or product of the
masses and radii of rotation. To draw vector diagram, take a suitable scale.
4. Let ab, bc, cd, de represents the forces Fc1, Fc2, Fc3 and Fc4 on the vector diagram.
Draw ‘ab’ parallel to force Fc1 of the space diagram, at ‘b’ draw a line parallel to
force Fc2. Similarly draw lines cd, de parallel to Fc3 and Fc4 respectively.
5. As per polygon law of forces, the closing side ‘ae’ represents the resultant force in
magnitude and direction as shown in vector diagram.
6. The balancing force is then, equal and opposite to the resultant force.
7. Determine the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation (r),
such that,
Fc =m*(ω^2) * r
Where m*r=resultant of m1*r1, m2*r2, m3*r3 and m4*r4
Following figure illustrates this method: Commented [MAM21]: Which method is
preferred, Dynamical or analytical

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a plane
(disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method using
pre-determined value of radius (R).
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of 180 from
the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means disturbing masses are
balanced.
Observations

Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass


No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 11 30 40 14 30 50 17 30 60 41 30 52
2 15 60 60 18 60 70 20 60 80 52 60 63
3 19 45 80 21 45 100 24 45 110 63 45 98
4 25 30 100 27 30 120 29 30 130 79 30 118
5 28 45 110 29 45 130 31 45 140 85 45 127

Specimen Calculations
M1=11g
M2=14g
M3=17g
R1=30mm
R2=30mm
R3=30mm
Θ1=40ᵒ
Commented [MAM22]: Effects of changing angles
Θ2=50ᵒ need to be explained

Θ3=60ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

∑ 𝐻 = 𝑀1𝑅1 cos 𝜃1 + 𝑀2𝑅2 cos 𝜃2 + 𝑀3𝑅3 cos 𝜃3

∑ 𝑉 = 𝑀1𝑅1 sin 𝜃1 + 𝑀2𝑅2 sin 𝜃2 + 𝑀3𝑅3 sin 𝜃3

Now, resultant force Fc is:

Fc= 3169.3 gm
Since m*r=Fc, So,

m= 41 g
Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:
∑𝑉
𝜃 = tan−1 = 52ᵒ
∑𝐻

Comments
 In this experiment, we use three disturbing masses in plane and we can find the mass
and angle for balancing mass by horizontal and vertical components of centrifugal
force.
 When the angle of balancing mass is negative, we add 180 degree in it to get positive
value of angle. Commented [MAM23]: Its need to be more elaborated
LAB SESSION NO 6
To balance three masses (rotating masses) with a single mass (balancing mass) rotating in the
same plane at different radii.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a plane
(disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method using
pre-determined value of radius ®.
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of 180 from
the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means disturbing masses are
balanced.

Observations

Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass


No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 20 60 20 25 45 60 30 30 100 61 45 56
2 25 30 100 27 45 120 29 60 130 121 30 121
3 27 45 100 24 60 40 32 30 660 108 30 65

Specimen Calculation
M1=20g M2=25g M3=30g
R1=60mm R2=45mm R3=30mm
Θ1=20ᵒ Commented [MAM24]: Effects of angles and varying
radius need to be explained
Θ2=600ᵒ
Θ3=100ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

∑ 𝐻 = 𝑀1𝑅1 cos 𝜃1 + 𝑀2𝑅2 cos 𝜃2 + 𝑀3𝑅3 cos 𝜃3

∑ 𝑉 = 𝑀1𝑅1 sin 𝜃1 + 𝑀2𝑅2 sin 𝜃2 + 𝑀3𝑅3 sin 𝜃3

Now, resultant force Fc is:

Fc= 0.002740 gm
Since m*r=Fc, So,

m= 61 g
Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:
∑𝑉
𝜃 = tan−1 = 56ᵒ
∑𝐻
𝜃 = 180ᵒ + (−54ᵒ)
𝜃 = 126ᵒ

Comments
 In this case, we apply three disturbing masses on the wheel of apparatus and
centrifugal force produce which has two components of the force (one is horizontal
and other is vertical component). From these components we find the resultant force
and then balancing mass.
 This case is also considered as static balancing. Commented [MAM25]: Should be explained with some
practical explanation
LAB SESSION NO 7
To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different plane at equal radii
when plane of disturbing mass is between the planes of two balancing mass

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the other disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass 1 Balancing Mass 2

M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 30 60 40 20 60 220 10 60 220
2 36 30 60 24 30 240 12 30 240
3 42 45 80 28 45 260 14 45 260
4 45 60 120 30 60 300 15 60 300

Specimen Calculations

Disturbing mass = M = 30g


Radius = R= 60mm

Θ =40ᵒ
Here,
X1=4in, X2= 8in

And,

Θ1= 280ᵒ, Θ 2=280ᵒ Commented [MAM26]: Different planes are difficult to


handle. More explanation is required
Then, by using formula;

M1R1+M2R2=MR

M1R1X1=M2R2X2

M1(60) (4) =M2(60) (8)


M1= 2 M2
Now,
M1+2M1=30 And M1=20g and M2=10g
Comments
 In this case, we formulates the equations for static and dynamic balancing
 While balancing the horizontal and vertical components of centrifugal force, we have
to balance the moments as well.
 Radius will remain same for balancing mass in this case.

Commented [MAM27]: Comments should be added with practica


LAB SESSION NO 8
To balance one rotating mass by two masses rotating in the different plane at different radii
when plane of disturbing mass is between the planes of two balancing mass.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass 1 Balancing Mass 2

M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 25 45 160 25 30 340 6.25 60 340


2 31 45 180 31 30 360 7.75 60 360
3 35 45 220 35 30 40 8.75 60 40
4 38 45 240 38 30 60 9.5 60 60

Specimen Calculations

Disturbing mass = M = 25g


Radius = R= 45mm

R1=30 mm and R2=60 mm

Θ =160ᵒ
Here,
X1=4in, X2= 8in Commented [MAM28]: Limited theory is added more multiple pl

And,
Θ1= 280ᵒ, Θ2=280ᵒ

Then, by using formula;

M1R1+M2R2=MR

M1R1X1=M2R2X2

M1(30)(4) = M2(60)(8)
M1= 4 M2
Now,
MR=MR1+MR2
so
(25)(45) =M1(30) +M2(60)
(25)(45) =M2(4)(30) +M2(60)
1125=180 M2
M2=6.25g
M1=25g

Comments
 This experiment is same as previous except the radii is different. We use horizontal
and vertical components of centrifugal force and calculate the mass and radius of
balancing. Also the moments is balanced by using this.
 We formulate the equations for static and dynamic balancing.
LAB SESSION NO 9
To balance two rotating masses by one mass rotating in different planes at same radii when
plane of balancing mass is on either side of the planes of two disturbing masses.

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 100 mm

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 40 60 90 30 60 160 58 60 299
2 25 45 80 35 45 150 48 45 295
3 33 30 120 30 30 170 32 30 320
4 27 60 60 40 60 190 36 60 345

Specimen Calculations

For 1st observation (where “A” is balancing mass )

Fig 9.1 Angular Position of Masses Fig 9.2 Position of Planes Commented [MAM29]: By changing the position of planes, the a

Fig 9.3 Force Polygon


Scale (1mm = 1×10-3 kg.m )

Plane m (kg) r(m) m.r l (m) m.r.l


A Ma (r.p) 0.06 0.06×Ma 0 0
B 0.04 0.06 0.0024 0.1 0.00024
C 0.03 0.06 0.0018 0.2 0.00036

3.4576 ×10-3 =0.06×Ma


Ma = 57.62667 g Commented [MAM30]: Verification is required for this calculatio
LAB SESSION NO 10
To balance two rotating masses by one masses rotating in different plane at different radii when
plane of balancing mass is on either side of the planes of two disturbing mass

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2 Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3 This will be the disturbing mass.
4 Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5 This will be the balancing mass.
6 Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
7 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
Observations

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 55 30 60 45 60 150 70 45 299
2 42 45 70 37 30 160 59 60 280
3 35 30 40 27 60 90 45 45 195
4 23 60 80 37 45 200 48 30 320

Specimen Calculations

For 1st observation (where “A” is balancing mass )

Fig 10.1 Angular Position of Masses Fig 10.2 Position of Planes

Commented [MAM31]: Benefits for graphical explanation need t

Fig 10.3 Force Polygon


Scale (1mm = 1×10-3 kg.m )

Plane m (kg) r(m) m.r l (m) m.r.l


A Ma (r.p) 0.045 0.045×Ma 0 0
B 0.055 0.03 0.00165 0.1 0.000165
C 0.045 0.06 0.0027 0.2 0.00054

3.1643 ×10-3 = 0.045×Ma


Ma = 70.31 g
LAB SESSION NO 11
To balance different masses rotating at different radii in the different planes

Learning Objective:
 To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

Apparatus
 Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
 Mass Balance
 Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

Main Parts of Balancing Machine


 Mounting platform
 Suspension and bearings
 Shaft and rotating discs
 Motor, belt and pulley
 Motor speed control unit

Useful Data
Static and Dynamic balancing unit
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration can
cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow wheel,
balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation, which is
done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and angle. For a
system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be closed i.e., both
forces and couples are need to be balanced.
Static balancing
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force of
balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal, without
the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force of gravity.
This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute
the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels. Commented [MAM32]: This theory is not required here

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at a radius of
(r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got:
m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force or
couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced, to
avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing weights
must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will not rotate
itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not rotate
smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:
Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a
counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple (F*ℓ =
C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:


m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses
Following figure illustrates it:
Now, from force balancing, we got:
m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And after couple balancing:

m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Balancing of several masses in the same plane


When different masses are present at different angles from each other and from positive x-
axis at same or different radii in the same plane then in order to balance them, their resultant
centrifugal force is to be calculated and then a mass is calculated from this force and attached
at the required radius at an angle of 180 degree from the direction of disturbing force.
Hence, we are doing static balancing because masses are in the same plane.
It is illustrated in following figure: Commented [MAM33]: This theory is not needed here

To find magnitude and position of balancing masses, we have analytical & graphical
method, which are described below:
1) Analytical Method
It has following steps:
a. Find out centrifugal force produced by each disturbing mass i.e., product of mass & its
radius of rotation
b. Resolve the centrifugal force into its horizontal and vertical components and then find
the sum of horizontal components (∑H) and vertical components (∑V) using
following formulae:

c.
d. Find magnitude of resultant centrifugal force using following formula:
a. Fc= √∑𝐻2 + ∑𝑉2
e. Let ‘θ’ be the angle made by resultant force with horizontal which is:
∑𝑉
f. tan =
∑𝐻
g. The balancing force is equal in magnitude to Fc but opposite in direction, and its
angle from horizontal is (θ+180)

h. Now find the magnitude of balancing mass by following relation:


i. Fc=m*r
(Where ‘r’ will be given or we can assume any value at which we want to put
balancing mass)

Graphical Method
Various steps involved in this method are given below:
1. Draw the space diagram with the positions of the several masses, as shown.
2. Find out the centrifugal forces or product of the mass and radius of rotation exerted by
each mass.
3. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces or product of the
masses and radii of rotation. To draw vector diagram, take a suitable scale.
4. Let ab, bc, cd, de represents the forces Fc1, Fc2, Fc3 and Fc4 on the vector diagram.
Draw ‘ab’ parallel to force Fc1 of the space diagram, at ‘b’ draw a line parallel to
force Fc2. Similarly draw lines cd, de parallel to Fc3 and Fc4 respectively.
5. As per polygon law of forces, the closing side ‘ae’ represents the resultant force in
magnitude and direction as shown in vector diagram.
6. The balancing force is then, equal and opposite to the resultant force.
7. Determine the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation (r),
such that,
Fc =m*(ω^2) * r
Where m*r=resultant of m1*r1, m2*r2, m3*r3 and m4*r4
Following figure illustrates this method:

Balancing of different masses present in different planes


When the disturbing masses are present in different planes then both the centrifugal force &
couple need to be balanced for balancing that masses.
Steps of the balancing are as follows:
1 A reference plane is chosen from which lengths to other planes are taken.to the left of
reference plane, the distances are negative while on right side they are positive.
2 A table is made in which the centrifugal forces and couples due to all masses are written.
3 Force and couple polygon is developed using suitable scale.
4 Magnitude of resultant of polygons will give balancing mass and balancing mass will be
antiparallel to the resultant.
These all steps are shown in following figures:
Commented [MAM34]: Copy and paste option is not require
Procedure
1 Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table.
2 Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a plane
(disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3 These will be the disturbing masses.
4 Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method using
pre-determined value of radius (R).
5 Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of 180 from
the direction of resultant force.
6 This will be the balancing mass.
7 Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
8 The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means disturbing masses are
balanced.

Observations
Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass
No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 10 30 0 15 30 60 10 30 207 30 30 226

2 10 90 0 12 30 60 21 60 190 60 60 330

Specimen Calculations
For 1st observation:

M1=10g
M2=15g
R1=30mm
R2=30mm
R3=30mm
R4=30mm

Θ1=0 degree
Θ2=60 degree
L1=4in
L2=8in
L3=12in
Commented [MAM35]: Table has errors

Plane Mass (g) Radius Distance Couple


A (Ref) Ma 30 30Ma 0
B 10 30 300 30480
C 15 30 450 91446
D M2 30 30Md 9144 md

Here, (F) is centrifugal force and (Dist.) is distance of masses from reference plane.
Now, using suitable scale the couple polygon is

9144md=7.2cm=109728

Md=12g Θd=226
degree And the force polygon is:

30Ma=2cm=300
Ma=10g ΘA=180+27=207 degree So, balancing masses Commented [MAM36]: Manual is incomplete
and angles are:
M3=10g

Θ3=207 degree
M4=12g

Θ4=226 degree

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