ASSIGNMENT - 1 RELATIVITY ‘Show that space-time or interval between two events remain invariant under Lorentz transformation. ‘Show by means of Lorentz transformation equations that x'7~¢?t [Ans. 7-2 2] ‘A rod has length | m, When the rod is in a satellite moving with a velocity that is one half of the velocity of light relative to laboratory, what is the length of the rod as determined by an observer (a) in the satellite, and (b) in the laboratory? [Ans. 0.866 m] Calculate the velocity of the rod when its length will appear 90% ofits proper length. [Ans. 1.307 * 10° m/sec] A particle with a mean proper life time of 2ysec.moves through the laboratory with a speed of 0.9. Calculate its life time as measured by an observer in the laboratory. [Ans. 4.58 10-6 see] of a meson moving with a velocity ‘The proper life of a meson is 2 10°* sec. Calculate the mean lif of 08. lai 3-33 x 10-8 sec] Two particles come towards each other with speed 0.8 c with respect to laboratory. What is their relative speed? [Ans. 0.975 ¢] ‘An airforce rocket is chasing enemy's spaceship. From earth, it is found that the speed of airforce rocket is 2.55 x 10!° cm/sec while that of enemy ship is 2.25 x 10" cm/sec. What is the relative velocity of () Enemy's ship as seen by airforce rocket. (i) Airforce rocket as seen by enemy's ship. i) Airforce rocket with respect to enemy’s ship as seen from earth (iv)Enemy’s ship with respect to airforce rocket as seen from earth. ‘At what speed the mass of an object will be 2.25 times its rest mass? Ans. 2.68 > 10'm/s} ‘The rest mass of an electron is 9.1 10° kg. What will be its mass if it were moving with (4/5)th the Ans, 15.16 10" kg}Solvtion 1. Solotiont- Suppere Cxgzrt) D Cey2/t)) ene the coordinates 4 the Same. event obseued by sho Obsewes in Stotionory fr cme. af yefeenie 5S in MONRY Frame 9! reshectivedy - Let frome S/ with constoud velocity y selagive to S in hositive be movin duvection of % We Nove to bore weg [Bove cbrauas Fovmertion Vas ara yar oe = x eee eas ()) The Louth, “trafownadion egued ion OS, ia ale 1 2 Se) oe Se) zea Naa aE ee Substivbeg strere, velve> | ate yl 2 BU te RS of gosto e 2 aah Sa eT b te ya eek pe pee ee (oe) eve eaiee: ee axvt ae =) ey te (We) ee Pape ao is \ Pep ve CY - tv eo Sa ee 2) Beef Vet ME) It fee ¢ ec Bee = late 4 equation 2 5 gary tz et 242 =Sold St Biers frame. of refereuce a Moving Frome of reference ue have ae Tans formedion thas, ar ae 2s |e) eee pee Tre Lowed= strouafowmadien equah&g Ore , oe 5 eee -V (amy . ce Ris aa 4 Eo Ce 3-O( R49) sth Oe = Ree on oe » (t- wie] i ey ast = * ts os a a G Ce) a fa at OF xv ae a ee ; is ee a2 (1-8 t a) cue (| 4)Sek 3. : psa) Beaded ploced. in satellite ond Satellite Sx movin 5 . , worth a Sheed 4 (€) © Now as we see from tie’ ku OL Satellite “He sod, J because, both sod } Satellite with Bawe veloctty - Soi Lengtm of Rod in scdethite iy dete ND) je de f so te (SE a Stat oon Me movi oo cm. Le loo* Nema 50% Coa Sbbem 0-366 2s ies. © ye a0) = i 3 BoaltSas: At, = oxlo. sec: Ve 0-96 = At= Axo es 3 ee ee Ae ee = [nsex wt merd | Ace = Sa6- Th b, be the mean Ve af meson in its om frame of Det eoce ce aneaaured by an Obseuen in Satloneny, frome st. veferente , tren actorcag Bie Mcet culation: en tec: 7 Vs 08C aig = axle se eae a Saas 2g \yo-36 Jee * —Sols We Frou, (ee Hex, Up = 0°8¢ es c= axtomls oe yc 0-8¢ U, = eee Se 14 0% (o-8e) ce er) c@ $l Tom the aduition of aeladiviste veloohe relation, Be ts coe, uf = 255 xl? cen] see. es Bice em|Sec eee. ce Oxle oe er |e 1o s ae er a [= 295 rier Vaso” os (1-0-6315) (axe?) r 5 = 0:83 xlo ems ‘LL) The votive velocity of eneme = nemys shib a8 seen iv will be 0°83 Sine LG Se 7 Whe — relodive Veloe' ty gs aay force b cece) drowesds him, ds (HF) The relodwve. velody § qetove xoceen mi wale! Fe ghip ad seen from the earth Js wy Siealooty nocked patebe 03 Sen aio 0-83 x10? ms", by enemyls Shi = 0-3xI0 wet enemy's See eel) toe a.a5%le" eon) assented enemys shib oF So, Yhe Ghwwwee srtuaded od were Wish see. the EES Ja movigy aki with velocity of oan wns! aitforce YorKt do be disuiyedls, neta masala | s ok rest, the obsower WW) Considedeg wh gee — that toe eneny’S ghip appoechiog tne aly-fovre, woches with a vedodsy & +3 x Loe ms. So. “The, vehatvene mons od gren by, : ae Chenoa mS at fies 8\ Ce oe SE Seee as 3) ee eu as ee el \x ‘= 2S 3 eee ee es Pee Nice kgASSIGNMENT-2 OPTICS -1 1. In Fraunhofer type of diffraction at narrow slit of width 0.2 mm, a screen is placed 1.2 m away from the slit In the fringe pattern, first minimum lie at 3,7 mm on either side of the central maximum. Find ‘out the wavelength of light. ‘Ans, 6167 A. 2. A parallel beam of monochromatic light is allowed to incident normally on a plane transmission ‘grating having $000 lines per em and second order spectral line is found to be diffracted through 30°. Calculate the wavelength of light., ‘Ans. 5000 A ‘Newton's rings are observed normally in reflected light of wavelength 6000 A. The diameter of 10! ——t) By mat nen BOs A ea) use gs OF ® We get oe b gerald? x 2x10 les ag 5 ae 9Set2- Hee, N=S000, atb= l_m S000 Now, (atb)sind = nA a= Lomdene nv Sel3- A= 600k = Pecoee ene n= lo ( Boot ) Stes) = Os eum osoxlo™ R=? , t=? We have +> fod The tondition 9} dent “oy Lin care g) veected gee) Lk xox 6000 x16"? pe ee R= neSlt Ie Knows “tha Bag Oy = ele Here, (mtb) sto 7ms ber ps l2-4= 8, yom OO) SO in =) CHSC) Da y Oy Ores ungxa® ——A) For Do SH megs eee eee. ees go-4= 16) —- @) De Ory © 2 2 ee, Or On WRERAR a os = fon) = =a OR Dpo7 ONG oa 1 xO9d I Elo 42 = 0-66 DES art IDio= 0906 emSel5. = . ‘ SelS- The wo: sy fingeo shifted CAN) due to the ‘ingestion of the file & sbuicvers L ob ore by , AN= 2L01) A ae AN 30 ~ Et Sele. ears ae Tome Es jae aes Ar~ Av ie) direc My, Wonee v= AL ance Vee, iweusioy a aq wove vtSete Posihon oe bright fringe > m= Nad 2a Position gy on" deo. Finge => ays (rAd Ha Gebcrradion bls ~wo eomecaclive: baigia 3 doo. fangeh . See ae _ io: Id oe Ha SeARs Ga enes bap ef, Vole 02 ce shreadu vnicteen) wow |e do the Wickens py sre, filer Se fowea oe giren by ae arlorem « Uvo\? The lm abbeu dosh yy reflected Vas. ov Waveleugt> peg Dycbeoss =™ -5 Hee for srerwal wet Douce ; 20, ces=ly eo 19-0 Sones ye 1 Qt ws¥ cuessnle = 38 222% 1524)Sel4- Tre. condition 4 marviura, ge by 2 pikes = (ans. p Whee 5 0/2377 Neve, ke SHS 20m, PGS Da aoa o =) (cos ees (do+t) y= Axtaa x Sxlo? (an) By ubstituding the wolves m=O, 42 gy Wareleuprs Waice dhofh be bredominauctty Filer. Wor n=0;) Av = Ba BES Ke oa series weblected y Ahe wxissxste® _ gy canto 0 | Levey S¥lO> = g 866% 152 P= Ne a eee Hess¥St > _ 9940 2107 om = s3aoxlo% = 390A srere wosclenslive Culy S490 R Vie. within “He ooo n\stem “4071500 yen) Sy aha ost Shouyly TeyecterSel lo- Soller Here, pals, p= boo A dnc fangs a oe oo Yee orn gf Hee fang where. He Ty nda the oder age he OFM enc Avicdues is bi + then Warere the Haiedvas lk ba, Will be Corto). Usieg the formula, 2 pet cosy =r at “wo oud Apri cos = NA i) Dptocosy = (nvtoA —6) Row 50 3 ® om Aubekrachen 7 Wwe get Dyltebi) cox = 107 OR) (Gap) os Saleh | ae a a yrcosy OK ej io goon! eae) ots) aoc) = |onis® ™ AwASSIGNMENT-3 OPTIcs -2 The displacement of a wave is given by the equation y = 0.05 sin 40 x (100 t — x) in S.L units. Find out wavelength and wave velocity. ‘Ans. 100 mis 2. The equation of transverse wave is y = 3sin af [with length expressed in cm and time in seconds. Calculate the wavelength, frequency, amplitude and speed of wave. Ans, 10 m/s 3. The equation of progressive wave is represented by y= Al where all the quantities are in S. I. units, Calculate the wavelength and frequency of the wave. ‘Ans. 12.5 Hz 4. The equation of progressive wave along a stretched stringy in[(20t-2x)]. Find the ‘wavelength and velocity of the wave. ‘Ans. 10 m/s. 5. Ata time t= 0, a train of waves has the form y = 4sin2s( 5) ‘The velocity of the wave is 30. cm s~ 4. Find the equation giving the wave form at t= 2s. Ans. ye Asin2a( 2 -) sin 2n( 35 = 06) 100 100, 100 6 The total energy of particle executing a S. H.M. of period 2nseconds is 10.24 x 10 Joule. The displacement of a particle at x/4 second is 0.08V2m. Find the amplitude and mass of the particle. ‘Ans. 80g 7. A particle is executing S. H. M. of amplitude 0.06 m and a period of 6 sec. Find out the time taken by it in moving from one end of its path to a position 0.03 m from the equilibrium position on the same side. Ans. 1.0 sec “& Find the maximum velocity and acceleration of a particle executing S. H. M. of period 10xsecond and amplitude 5 = 10m. ‘Ans. 2.0 « 10° m/sec? particle of mass 100 gm is placed ina field of potential U = 5x? + 10 ergs(gm. Find the frequency. ee Ans. 0.05 Hz ynometer wire of frequency 260 Hz as 2000, calculate the time in Ans. 2.450 secAssigned — 2) be UPN 2 Bolt. Standard €9- sf Wore Ys Aan lot vn) On comboori o 10 vo = 4ooo 1 : HOY = An 24 = 4ooo % ‘g aim f= aools eeces yD Ve Qooort. = toom|s 20 Sel-9. 2 ya Asmlot= kx) tor 2% x\oo cers ier 20 \w= Son 25 Bi D 4OSel3- Ge Asin(wt- kx) On Conboocing an ae & Es Eo a Wyse rf att A WEI) Grios a . 8 fs 9-5 Ho Sel4- oe Agn(wt- x) On cempoodng Ke 20 = an A oon = Ot : facts | ———— vefAs loxl = twm]s ax, Also vedoen|s = 42 = 30, lee as w 305 ae os aeQi, P = O08Z™ Gives Es lowes! J, TS cee 7 x= Asnwt 5 A sn( 2%) 0-08 = Ago (2 x) ay Asn = A ae Tota Eroqy or gives by ; aa era Es am yy m= SO al an ayd x (ole)? m= vony =| x= Aénlot +s) — xeA 2 end go thet t= 7 = on (= 9e7ySal 8. oe az Agnlut + 5) ve dx . Aw cos(wt' J) da v wilt be movies tov cast +5) =\ ee NI eA = Graal = Sxlo * — Wanye us 6 = ce 2 yay = LORE on | sec « Accelero Co) = og 3 Aust anlut+s) at ee. woyemum toe eee) bee ‘a will Bee sy * Ea az Aw Stilo >) ve Scns 7 (ax ie me Cae 3 af oct Aeon b= 5x tlo evpl g D waz lvog aU = loa 9. 10. ASSIGNMENT-4 POLARISATION A retardation plate of thickness 8.56 x 10-7 m introduces a phase difference in the path of polarized Night of wavelength 5890 A. The principal refractive indices are jy =1.658,j1. =1.486. Find the nature of retardation plate. [Ans. x/2 radian] What is the optical thickness of a quarter wave plate for the light of wavelength 6000 A, the birefringence of the plate (\1, ~ 1.) being 0.172 [Ans. 8.720 x 10-"m] Calculate thickness of Quartz half wave plate, given jigand igare 1.5442 and 1.5533 respectively, ‘where wavelength of light used is 5890 A. [Ans. 32.35 um. A half wave plate is constructed for a wavelength of 6000 A. For what wavelength does it work as a quarter wave plate? (ric Ao ~He) Ato ~ He) Find the following angle for light incident from @airto glass i) glass to air Giv) glass to water (v) air to water, and [Given jsfor glass = 1. 54; 4 for water = 1.33; p for air= 1.00] Ans. (057, (i) 33°, (it) 49°12", (iv) 40°49", (v) 53° 4° (vi) 36° 577] Compute the minimum thickness of a quarter wave plate of calcite fori =5460 A . The principal indices of calcite are 1.652 and 1.488. [Ans. 8.32 x 107m] Plane polarized light (=5%10"7m)s incident on a quartz plate cut parallel to the optic axis. Find the least thickness of the plate for which the ordinary and extraordinary rays combine to form plane polarized light on emergence. What multiples of this thickness would give the same result? The indices of refractive of quartz are 1, =1.5533 andy, =1.5442. [Ans. 2.75x10cm] Deduce the speeds of o-and e-ray in calcite crystal: (j) in a plane perpendicular to the optic axis (i) along the optic axis. Hence find the relative phase difference between the rays for light of ‘wavelength 6000 A in travelling a distance 3 x 10 em at right angles to the optic axis. [Given that: 1 =1.658andy, =1.486] TAns. 54 radian] A beam of linearly polarized light is changed into circularly polarized light by passing it through a slice of crystal 0,003 em thick. Calculate the difference in the refractive indices for the two rays in the erystal assuming this to be of minimum thickness that will produce the effect and that the wavelength is 6 «107m. TAns. 0.005] A given calcite plate behaves as a half wave plate for a particular wavelength A. Assuming variation of refractive index with A to be negligible, how would the above plate behave for another light of wavelength 22? ae Qo) Mig =H [Ans. 1Aecsignment =H Podosisation Set pe a0 Uy Halt 0 J = 2k _(Woos8- 186) x 256x167 5840 x0" Sy G22 4Ute- Yo) y= _Gooxis'” _ e720 1 len 4 x 0-112 2(%e-Yo ) {oe 5899 x16? py (S533— 15442 ) ke 4.236 x10 > oT ee geSol 4. ; Se 2Uho- KE) HU o- ME ) ‘Thus for i QD | ee will behave os a guamte Wave biate . x 26000 A ) SalS- 1) tian Jig Js Todds fom air to lott w= tenet der g gets _ a HOH = 15H wefoctive, inclew gf aly a pany tenis ne en or polenayy angle. ips stan’ (n ) To tom’ (USD Silke eee = (0-649 7 1-54 staxitn) = jar(oaan) = 2. eSy (SR +33 2 tan (1-158) Lara!133 — 08636 W) ons _ Re Coie (pq daalln) = -tass! (08636) = 4TH WV) n= MH - 33 = 1395 ayy \ ite. = tal (98) ae . Me 45 079519 x. 133 =\(o-1Sl% fe = ton) er ef 9¢51 Sac. ———— ty 5 FD He = 1498 A=5y6OA = susoxto™ Prickness of guade ware. flo, d U{ Ho Me) ae 4 (ol64 ) oes ooSe\1- Mos 15442 , Me =15533, Ae Stet ™ he guad2 ploe must ack as O hay plete Th the given Cate + stron formula. used vi 2 _ Settee AlHe- Ho) Q(1-9533- 15442.) ae “The, ~Whddnay her wealol Sa gimilon ca Areal. he 4: 30) Sete astlo ey Bisyibm, oF o™ SAS- 1) velocity of. 3 eal y= = 3 nlo = Ve xlo mls eee 58 Nelod en You, & g ia) e ay g q ° 2 9-02. 810 vols Ve = ——= ene: \-486 oe she dpe. ols awe “wo TYP — i equal. Ap ee oa Ve xlo Salm ovat 2% (n-ne) 4x 1, parr did beoemnce- Hence, baby Ai(tevence, J, Phare, difhexmmce = 2x» ot 0" me | a = aryl agarose?) Geen 115" eM vodiaky eat: t= 2 4(Mo- Ke) Cc se 4% 0-003 ¥10~ {o- 005 | yo. herve plase of collcite cyst ohASSIGNMENT -5 LASER A current beam has band width of 1200 Hz. Obtain the coherence length. [Ans. 2.50 x 10m] Calculate the coherence length for a laser beam for which the band width is Av = 100 Hz. [Ans, 3.0 x 10m] ‘The ratio of population of two energy levels out of which upper one corresponds to a metastable state is 059 = 10°. Find the wavelength of light emitted at 330 K. [Ans 632 nm] 4. Find the ratio of population of the two energy states of the Ruby laser, the transition between which is responsible for the emission of photons of wavelength 6928 A. Assume the ambient temperatures as 18°C. [8.85 x 10] S. What is the transition rate for the neon atom in a He-laser, if the energy drop for the 632.8 nm emission is 1.96 eV and the power output is 1.0 mW? [Ans, 3 * 10'/sec.] 6 A solar constant is radiant flux density at a spherical surface centered on the sun having a radius ‘equal to that of the Earth's mean orbital radius, it has a value of 0.133 ~ 0.14 W/em?. If we assume fn average wavelength of about 700 nm, how many photons at most will arrive on each square metre pper second of a solar cell panel just above the atmosphere? [Ans. N= 49.9 « 10) 7. Find the intensity of laser beam of 75 mW power and having a diameter of 1.25 nm, Assume the intensity to be uniform across the beam. [Ans. 12.23 kW/m?) "In He-Ne laser the two plane mirrors forming the resonant cavity are distanced 0.35 m. What is mode on of longitudinal cavity in terms of frequency? Ans. 4.28 10° Hz] loulate the energy difference in eV between the two energy levels of Ne-atoms of a He-Ne laser, tion between which results in the emission of a light of wavelength 632.8 nm. Also, the number of photos emitted per secon, if the optical power output is 2 mW. [Ans. n = 6.364 x 10") many photons are required per second to produce laser beam of 3 mW, when wavelength is 6943 A?Assignmed —5 Lasev jodt Cohn tag Js given a8, dt eee Woe Le = Coherence length c= Sheed gy Nigh ie Sele fs To = Coherence time - Tort , wee Ave lranduidth gj He seme Av So . 1 eee 37\0: ene «2-50 > a ie ae 2-50 xlo"™ Sah 2 pos Jee, ae toe, dee coherence Jength es: c= ariéels an To eeherence Av= Bondwidih 9 He g i nibs +a Aoustce . looWe Know, a Ae=hw= 6 Na = Ni ea Ni = No: of ote sn dower ae chelates ; ee te Ai a Howie Rie cides, “Taking Log ane mag ve) KT dn (rosa xo” \e ane, > Ket 469-02 = +he D¥oT = he 69-02 Kg T : 7a x15 SK) (320K)Sah ce Be ee = 6928 Ay Seip ss 24K We Woe the vatlo pobalahon py two energy giates a3, — (BF) / KT — ARI KT e =e Noa Na 5 ones Goro HIO x 3 xlo® a 6428 x Io'? ~\4 Eee x to Bet ei 48 nto x 24]Sets - i, rontion toe be OG moe Ace Pavone Enogy a eis? 032-8210" bw 6OD6% 15 x Sxl0F 3x10? }s (abtrox: ) Nay = (er xt? Wim) (ime) U8) = eS Pom t& @» by sola ey NY Grong, RHO Om Gre side > then we guosttere, The Yinoron 9 Compsed Me Neu ye wes) (00x16) i ee (Gorexio™ 35) (axe as) et * id! photeySot. Given howe (0) = VS” \s xle2 PRR: 0) = een to “The iwteasity gf Sosen bea is gin by, T = ONCU = 9 _4P ems ae aa = hxisnle? 34 x (258153) Bly xt SHEDS u yaer3 Kes Difference. between He Frequencies a congecichive, modesGAA Given) A = 6328 X 1oTM We DON 7 WEG Energy difference os ge by, AE = bw = DX a g = enon xdxlo 6328 x ot 44g lot Ml Boo A 6 «15!9 La oN be the Sauce photeus emitted ben vec. to give a bower eutbud of Ie peNxaz = axle 5) ie Ae eB eee SAS xo"S10. Giren | i: cope nom”) = y= gang h = canaxisem p= Nbv * Lime [nets | axle Woy IIs P= ae \ tive. N= Nor 9 protons P= Nbc » ee he Sica 6443 x10” GOERS? X 3 xlo® Ne 404g x lol’ ies3. 6 i 9% ASSIGNMENT - 6 WAVES & OSCILLATIONS ‘The total energy of particle executing a S. H.M. of period 2nseconds is 10.24 x 10+ Joule. The displacement of a particle at /4 second is 0.08V2m. Find the amplitude and mass of the particle. [Ans. m = 80 g] A particle executes S.H.M. of period 10 sec and amplitude 5.0 cm. Calculate the maximum amplitude of velocity. [Ams. 0.0314 m/sec] Calculate the force constant and time period, ifthe potential of a harmonic oscillator of mass 2 kg in its resting position is 5.0 J and total energy is 9.0 J, when the amplitude A particle is executing S. H. M. of amplitude 0.06 m and a period of 6 sec. Find out the time taken by it in moving from one end of its path to a position 0.03 m from the equilibrium position on the same side. [Ans. t= 1.0 sec] Find the maximum velocity and acceleration of a particle executing S. H. M. of period 10xsecond and amplitude 5 x 107 m, [Ans, 2.0 x 10 m/sec?) Calculate the maximum velocity of a particle that executes S.H.M. of amplitude 0.06 m with time period of 10xsec. [Ans. 1.2 x 10 m/sec] A mass of 1.0 kg is attached to a spring of stiffness constant 16 Nim. Find the natural frequency. [Ans. N = 0.64 Hz] A simple pendulum of one meter length is hang at one end. Considering the oscillations to be of small displacements, find the period of oscillation if the mass of pendulum is 2.0 kg. [Ans. 2.0 sec] A particle of mass 100 gm is placed in a field of potential U= Sx? + 10 ergs/em. Find the frequency. [Ans. N= 0.05 Hz] A lift is ascending at acceleration of 3 m/sec”. What is the period of oscillation of simple pendulum of length one meter suspended in the lift? {Ans. T = 1.76 see.]Assignment 6 Waves and Oscillatiens Sot x Asin posta = Asm ( 2% =) (rs O-08tz < Adin 2x2) ee oH o-08la = Alte) = pas dcop = oO!" Torah Ener a Lm (22) A er Cea E in (2Oe Gje E1O0 pU=SO0 PES EUs 109 2 AS Im “re Kinetic M894 0) moxtmver daplacemet ill be wes LEA we oe 2 (ez elm | Sie aan Nia on eae |= = eae Galt Gren eooemy, ae See % y= 0703 a= Agmlott §) —O AX L=0, particle & ak One end gp “tad od 20, xa A, tren By wy 9 a) . eC Ge [ie Adn(orS) ov > 2 patting gee in 3 me 2 _ Acawt = Are SalS- Gin Ta loxse > A= Sxl x = Adin (wis J) Eee Aw orloot* J) ds Vy twill be norte AY cosltst* J) al = <2 y AX = tor RAE Nee = AW = sxls pees 0718 eee \Jmor = i xtotmfree ‘: %. Acceveton(a)= dt — Taeantatss) at they for gntutrd) =\r Xo wall Nae, wand we Re Aw : 2 pee sro - * (22) = Beexio ce lox| Sol 6. tiven Az Oobm F Talon tec x= Asnlut +d) ye du. Aw cos(wt' 5) ad NUT yall be wales ‘E cos(ot+ S) = wor = AO = Ob eS 2K aif lo = ya ne? mec delm yp me 25 oe WO = odie |S an - 20 a@ a9 4oe Giron Us Sx'+l0 ergs Ign den = ee = ees (00 : one Pe ioe - 10x jt on dx lox —O bt ™ Ned) 4 eee —® dt lo Conta 07D of = to OMeNlaaa.