Pilot Study for

Emotional Adjustment &Anger Expression

Submitted by
Abhijeet R. Dandage
Roll no- 18304
Psychology MA-II
Abasaheb Garware College
Research Topic:
Comparative study between Emotional Adjustment & Anger Expression among NCC Cadets and
Non-NCC Cadets

Key Words: emotional adjustment and anger expression, NCC cadets, cadets

Definitions:
Emotional Adjustment:
The condition or process of personal acceptance of and adaptation to one’s
circumstances, which may require modification of attitudes and the expression of emotions that
are appropriate to a given situation. (APA)
Anger expression:
Anger expression refers to the behavioral dimension that is one's way of dealing with the
feeling of anger.
NCC cadets:
The National Cadet Corps (NCC) is a youth development movement where student enroll
voluntarily.
Cadet:
A young person who is training to be in the army, navy, air force or police.

Variables:
Independent variable: National Cadet Course training
Dependent variable: Emotional Adjustment & Anger Expression

Norms:
Age norms: 18 to 25
Gender norms: Male & Females

Tools :
Anger expression - The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) by Spielberger
Emotional Adjustment - Bell’s Adjustment Inventory (BAI) by Hugh M. Bell
Sample Size:
Total projected sample size is 60

Introduction:
Student life and human life as a whole are connected to emotional adjustment and anger.
Students' emotional adjustment and anger are both affected everyday. Their life is also impacted
by stress, anxiety, their social environment, and economic status, but this study looked at two
factors, including students.
The issue of adaptation is a significant one in today's world. Change is a dynamic and
constant long lasting interaction. "Adjustment is the process of finding and adopting modes of
behavior suitable to the environment or change in the environment," according to Carter V. Good
(1959). The transition into young adulthood involves adjusting to a new way of life and social
expectations. It is a time when people try to set up, when they focus on a lot of problems and
critical situations while still trying to adjust to the new lifestyle they've acquired. Grown-ups
would need to roll out enormous improvements in their changes as growing a new relationship is
significant and is the fundamental component of social change. It is a time when people are
expected to make some changes in order to succeed in life. Emotional adjustment is physically
and mentally inexpressive (Parameswaran and Beena, 2004). It is sort of mental brain research
and that is the reason wood worth says that feeling is stripped of the condition of the person. '
The Latin word for "emotion" is "emowere." It means to exist so F.C. ruche says that assuming
we see character it implies expanding or energies it tends to be content finished or miserable too.
As per Zulkifli (1988), teens generally deal with issues in changing. Career management,
learning, and resolving personal and social issues are always challenges for young people,
especially students. These are the things that contribute to life's stress. Understudies are
beginning to move from a daily existence that is reliant upon others to a daily existence that
needs them to deliver the need and begin conveying their own liabilities.
The upkeep of emotional equilibrium in the face of internal and external pressures is
known as emotional adjustment. Cognitive mechanisms of acceptance and adaption help with
this. A person can lead a happy and contented life by adjusting in a way that maintains a balance
between his demands and his ability to meet them. It offers him the ability to adapt his way of
life to the demands of the circumstance and the strength and capability to make the required
changes to his environment. One of the most important parts of human development is emotional
development. Since the advent of psychology as a science, a man's emotional makeup has always
been connected to his physical, mental, intellectual, social, moral, and artistic growth.

Review of literature:
According to Garva Neha Ramjibhai (2021), the study consists of adjustment and
psychological well-being among engineering students in selective universities. The total sample
consisted of 60 students of which 30 were girls and 30 were boys selected from colleges of
Kutch district in Gujarat. The research tools for emotional adjustment test was developed by Bell
and gujarati translated by Dr. D.J.Bhatt and psychological well -being was developed by Sudha
Bhogle. To check the difference in emotional adjustment and psychological well-being in
engineering students ‘t’ test was applied. Results revealed no significant difference in emotional
adjustment and psychological well-being in engineering students.
SwetaNema, Dr. Suvidha, and Prof. InduBansal (2015) state that the adjustment of
M.Tech. students at Bansthali University is the focus of the study. From Bansthali Hostel, 67
girls were chosen for the sample. The proportion of Chime's change Stock created by Dr.
R.K. Ojha (1934) was utilized. The statistical test for the Karl-Pearson correlation of the data
was used for its analysis. The study found that there was a significant positive correlation of
(0.01) between all of the variables.
According to J. Augustus Richard, C. Sumathi (2015), the study consists of emotional
adjustment and academic achievement among the selected high school students in coimbatore
district. About 60 samples were randomly selected from the Government and private school of
Coimbatore district as a sample for this present study.The investigator used standardized tools on
Emotional adjustment prepared by Huge. M. Bell.After careful interpretation of data analysis the
investigator has observed that there is a significant relationship between the high school students
in emotional adjustment and academic achievement.
According Félix Arbinaga, Miriam Joaquin-Mingoranc, Soledad Fernández-Cuenca
(2019) a study analyzed the expression of anger according to the perceived quality of sleep in
university students.A total sample of 1252 students participated in the study, with an average age
of 23.58 years. Using an ex-post facto design and an incidental sampling procedure, the
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 were applied.
There appears to be a marked relationship between quality of sleep and anger
A prospective study was conducted by Daniel SS, Goldston DB, Erkanli A, Franklin
JC, Mayfield AM (2009) about Trait anger, anger expression, and suicide attempts among
adolescents and young adults. They examined how trait anger and anger expression influenced
the likelihood of suicide attempts among 180 adolescents followed for up to 13.3 years after
discharge from an inpatient psychiatry unit. STAXI-2 was used. Results showed that higher trait
anger and anger expressed outwardly over the follow-up was related to increased likelihood of
suicide attempts among males. For girls, trait anger and both the inward and outward expression
of anger moderated the risk for suicide attempts associated with major depression. These results
are interpreted in light of theory regarding behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition
systems.
A study conducted by Tennur Yerlisu Lapa, Duygu Aksoy*, Zehra Certel, Erkan
Çalışkan Mehmet Ali Özçelika , Gülsün Çelik (2012) on evaluation of trait anger and anger
expression in taekwondo athletes in relation to gender and success. The study population
consisted of a total of 1038 taekwondo athletes from which a sample of 362 was taken (237 male
and 125 female). The State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) developed by Spielberger (1983) was
used. The results revealed a positive relationship between trait anger and anger expression styles;
significant differences were shown related to gender, anger in, anger out and anger control
scores. No difference was observed between trait anger and anger expression styles, and success.

Hypothesis:
H0: The Hypothesis is stated as a null hypothesis, so that they can either be accepted or rejected
based on results
H1: There will be no significant difference between anger expression among the NCC and non-
NCC cadets.
H2: There will be no significant difference between emotional intelligence among the NCC and
non-NCC cadets.
H3: There will be a significant difference between anger expression among the NCC and non-
NCC cadets.
H4: There will be a significant difference between emotional intelligence among the NCC and
non-NCC cadets.

References:
Carter V. Good (1959). Dictionary of psychology, Boltimor: penguin books inc.

Desi E. L. & Ryan, R. M.(2008). Hedonic educational and well-being. An introduction, journal
of happiness studies Vol. 9 Pg. 1-1.

Huppert, F. A.(2009). Psychological well-being evidence regarding its caused and consequences.
Applied psychology : health and well-being Vol. 1 Pg. 137-164

Zulkifli Yusuf (1988), Panduan Khidmat Bimbingan. Kuala Lumpur d:DBP.

Shweta Nema, Suvidha and Indu Bansal (2015).Adjustment among M.Tech students of Bansthali
University. International journal of scientific and research publications, Vol. 5, Issue 2, ISSN
2250-3153
Arbinaga F, Joaquin-Mingorance M, Fernández-Cuenca S. Expression of anger in university
students according to perceived quality of sleep. Sleep Sci. 2019 Jan-Feb;12(1):28-34. doi:
10.5935/1984-0063.20190058. PMID: 31105892; PMCID: PMC6508946.
Daniel SS, Goldston DB, Erkanli A, Franklin JC, Mayfield AM. Trait anger, anger expression,
and suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults: a prospective study. J Clin Child
Adolesc Psychol. 2009 Sep;38(5):661-71. doi: 10.1080/15374410903103494. PMID: 20183651;
PMCID: PMC2854503.

Lapa, T. Y., Aksoy, D., Certel, Z., Özçelik, E. Ç. M. A., & Çelik, G. (2013). Evaluation of Trait
Anger and Anger Expression in Taekwondo Athletes in Relation to Gender and Success.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1976–1979.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2013.10.151