PERTEMUAN KE-4

The questions number 1-6 are based on the following passage.

Exercise is painful. As the cliché goes, “No pain, no gain.” It is when the body exerts
itself, pumping action out of muscles to tear them down and build their mass, it’s left with a
soreness. Doctors, coaches, and mothers all recommend heat for tense sore muscles—warm
baths, moist towels, hot-water bottles, or heated pads as thermotherapy techniques. But how
exactly does applying this heat help the pain and relax the muscles?
While exercising, the body requires more energy than it can produce through aerobic
respiration, or the intake of oxygen. To create enough energy for vigorous movement, the
body goes through another process: anaerobic respiration. This type of energy production
burns sugar without oxygen, producing lactic acid within exerted muscles. Overworked
muscles and a build-up of lactic acid are what cause the pain associated with exercising.
When heat is applied to a sore area of the body, blood vessels widen, and blood flow
increases to transport excess lactic acid and other toxins away from tired muscles. These
muscles are also made more elastic by the heat, and nerve endings are stimulated to block
pain signals.
Hogeback, J. (n.d). Why Does Heat Relax Your Muscles? Taken on July 14, 2021 from
https://www.britannica.com/story/why-does-heat-relax-your-muscles.

1. What is the purpose of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. highlight the process of muscle building during exercise

B. illustrate the cliché related to exercise and pain
C. explain the sources of pain while exercising
D. show the process of soreness on muscles
E. define the cliché “No pain, no gain”

2. One possible reason why exercising can be painful is because ….

A. our bones and muscles are stiff

B. the body requires energy
C. the sugar is burnt through exercises
D. our muscles are overstretched
E. we rarely do exercises
3. The substance that contributes to the feeling of pain after exercises is ….
A. oxygen
B. sugar
C. lactic acid
D. toxin
E. blood vessels

4. The heat does the things below to the painful spot except ….
A. relaxes muscles
B. expands veins
C. creates energy
D. stretches the muscles
E. helps better bloodstream

5. When glucose is combusted minus oxygen it is called ….

A. body heat
B. aerobic respiration
C. thermotherapy technique
D. anaerobic respiration
E. lactic acid production

6. The word vigorous on the second paragraph may probably mean ….

A. tired
B. free
C. light
D. dynamic
E. slow

The questions number 7-10 are based on the following passage.

A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the family
tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny, wormlike
creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with a front and back,
two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a gut. The paper is published
today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-old
Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians. However,
there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists with nothing but
speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC Riverside; and Mary
Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval impressions near some of these
burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology grant, they used a three-dimensional laser
scanner that revealed the regular, consistent shape of a cylindrical body with a distinct head
and tail and faintly grooved musculature. The animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters long
and about 1-2.5 millimeters wide, with the largest the size and shape of a grain of rice -- just
the right size to have made the burrows.
"We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize," Evans said. "Once we had the 3D scans, we
knew that we had made an important discovery."
University of California - Riverside. (2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils: A wormlike creature that lived more
than 555 million years ago is the earliest bilaterian.

Taken on March 25, 2020, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.

7. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The descendant on the family tree of familiar animals found in Australia.
B. A team led by UC Riverside geologists made a discovery of an animal.
C. Australian geologists finding most animals.
D. The small ancestor of familiar animals identified in Australia.
E. The geologists’ discovery of a worm in Australia.

8. The purpose of the passage is ….

A. to announce how great a team of geologists is
B. to deliver the information about several ancestors
C. to advertise an ancient animal found in Australia
D. to inform the readers about the important discovery
E. to reveal the sophisticated new science technology

9. The first time scientists agreed on the cause of solidified burrows was in the year of ….

A. 1500
B. 2015
C. 2005
D. 2020
E. 555 million years ago

10. The word miniscule in the second paragraph may probably mean ….

A. tiny
B. ovalic
C. elliptical
D. printing
E. image
The questions number 11-15 are based on the following passage.

Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and
computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far
different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes, offices,
and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning children’s
relationships both with adults and their peers.
Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to
apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge
technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to
digital and analog materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some
children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content designed
to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social engagement
with other children and adults.
When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood
programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals
are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve
program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the
benefit of every child.
This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools encompasses a
broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens, interactive
whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic toys, games, e-book
readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape recorders, record and cassette
players, projectors, and microscopes.
By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast
television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it
demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded
in principles of child development.

NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from
Birth through Age 8 [PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from
https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/ps_technology.pdf.

11. The author would apparently agree on the idea that ....

A. digital media can harm learning and relationships

B. technology provides children with enjoyable experiences
C. technology may bring more advantages than harm when it is used wisely
D. technology can influence the relationships between children and their friends
E. technology minimizes the potential for children’s learning and engagement with
others
12. How does the second sentence relate to the first sentence in paragraph 2?

A. It shows the importance of interactive media to children’s lives.

B. It argues that interactive media include digital materials only.
C. It explains the definition and examples of interactive media.
D. It states that the children and adults nowadays are familiar with digital technology.
E. It shows that interactive media can support social engagement among adults.

13. The author holds the assumption that ....

A. any forms of content designed to facilitate creative children to learn will challenge
them
B. interactive media are any kind of media that include hardware and artifacts of
education
C. the integration of technology and interactive media in childhood programs leads to
improved program quality
D. applying principles of development and learning of children is secondary in the
use of the interactive media
E. technology and media can be used to facilitate learning and establish better
relationships with other children and adults

14. The word encompasses in paragraph 4 may possibly mean ….

A. refers to
B. includes
C. points to
D. speaks about
E. shows

15. Samples of digital devices are ….

A. cameras, tablets, projectors

B. tape recorders, e-book readers, cameras
C. tablets, e-book readers, projectors
D. audio recorders, tablets, computers
E. e-book readers, cameras, tape recorders