4TH YR | Lecture & PPT | FORENSIC IN DENTISTRY

M1 INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY M1 L1 HISTORY

FORENSIC SCIENCE FORENSIC ODNTOLOGY

application of methods of natural & physical sciences to matters application of dentistry in legal proceedings derived from any
of criminal & civil law evidence that pertains to teeth

almost any science can be (FS) since almost any science can proper (HEE) handling, examination & evaluation of dental evidence,
be presented in the interest of justice
contribute to solving a crime or evaluating civil harm
important role in the recognition of abuse among persons of all ages
Areas of Forensic Science: POPE JACE QT
Forensic from Latin word “Forum” = court of law
1 6
Forensic Pathology Forensic Anthropology
2 7 Major Fields in Forensic Odontology
Forensic Odontology Criminalistics
3 8 1) Civil -Non Criminal (MIMAI) 2) Criminal (BI)
Forensic Psychiatry Forensic Engineering
4 9
1 Mass disasters 1 Bite marks identification
Forensic Entomology Questioned Document Analysis
(identification of victims: hotel fires, 2 Identification of person
5
Jurisprudence 10
Toxicology aircraft & transport accidents)
from dentition/teeth
2Identification of indiv remains, deaths (victims & suspects) (case
1 2 of abuse) in living & dead
Forensic Pathology Forensic Odontology not due to suspicious circumstances
determining cause “Forensic Dentistry” relationship 3 Malpractice or Fraud
manner of death between dent & law 4 Age estimation
other states, employ experts (Forensic Odontologist or 5 Identification of living person due to loss of memrory
physician or coroner Forensic Dentist) analysis & fieldwork
(officer: employs forensic LOLLIA PAULINA
most interesting yet poorly understood
pathologists to duties)
profession in dent 66 AD first record of forensic dental identification &
first body identified using teeth
3 4
Forensic Psychiatry Forensic Entomology
Agrippina mother of Nera, married to Emperor Claudius
whether a person: mentally dead victim thru postmortem by
competent to stand in trial examining insect population in the PAUL REVERE
& aid in their own defense body
1775 in revolutionary war, first forensic dentist in US
5 6
identified Dr. Joseph Warren thru his work (silver bridge)
Jurisprudence Forensic Anthropology
no one is above the law skeletal biology Mass Deaths at VIENNA OPERA HOUSE FIRE
(bone & bone sys structures) 1849 dental evidence: first admitted into course sys in US
lawyers w strong interest in legal
aspects (status of scientific evidence)
relationship to GARS
study & comment on scientific evident DR OSCAR AMOEDO
gender, age, race,
+ new types of evidence socioeconomic status 1898 “father of Forensic Odontology”, first book written entitled
L’Art Dentaire En Medecine Legale
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Criminalistics
TED BUNDY
application of scientific methods to RCIR reconstruction of such
20TH most famous bitemark case suspected of abducting &
(recognition, collection, identification & events by evaluation of
Century murdering over 30 women in 10 yr period since 1974
comparison of phys evidence by criminal the physical evidence
or illegal civil activity and the crime scene intraoral photograph of lower front teeth, useful in trial to link w
bitemark found on murdered butt of college student
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Forensic Engineering
How to become a forensic odontologist? MG SP PC
concepts of involves traffic accident reconstruction
mechanical, chem, where they use evidence (SWDRIP) 1. Must be a licensed dentist or physician
civil, & electrical 1
skid marks 5
injuries to drivers 2. Get work experience. Take on an internship role in the type of
engineering as tools in 2 witness accounts passengers, pedestrians forensics you would like to pursue or get a graduate degree in FS
reconstruction of 3 damage to cars & position

crime & accident to 3. Seek a professional certification through the various prestigious
after the accident
determine the cause forensic organizations and associations
4
road & environmental conditions
4. Perfect your resume and cover letters. Apply for jobs in the field in
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Questioned Document Analysis 10
Toxicology which you have decided to specialize.

apprenticeship field, requires yrs of analysis & identification of 5. Practice interviewing for a job as if you were speaking as an
practice & works w experience poisons & drugs in death or expert witness in court. They are looking for someone who has a
examiner (handwritten analysis the meticulous appreciation for the facts of a case.
injury (drunk/drugged driving)
author of document, forgery) 6. Continue to supplement your career w continuing education
courses after u get a job. Make sure u are on the cutting edge of
the field in order to be eligible for promotions/better opportunities

M1 L3 ORGANIZATIONS OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (ABAI)

1 4 3 5
ABFO BOLD ASFO IOFOS

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 4TH YR | Lecture & PPT | FORENSIC IN DENTISTRY
1 ABFO: American Board of Forensic Odontology M2 HUMAN IDENTIFICATION: TEETH & FACIAL STRUCTURE
1976 organized under auspices of National Institute of Justice
PRIMARY UTILITY OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
created 1 bite mark methodology guidelines
2 standard terminologies describing bite marks identification of human remains based on individualistic
BSG
3
guidelines to collect & preserve evidences characteristic present in teeth of diff indiv

2
plays significant role when body is highly mutilated &
BOLD: Bureau of Legal Dentistry
dismembered dead bodies are recovered like TABLET
BOLD FO lab at University of British Columbia 1 tsunami 3 bomb blast 4 landslide 5 earthquake
first & only lab in North America dedicated to full time FCG 2 airplane crashed & terrorist attacks 6 train & road accidents
forensic dentistry research, casework & graduate teaching
Prominent landmarks surrounding facial components
place lab discoveries & modern forensic methods: applied to
dental evidence to assist -resolution of legal issues include facial feature points (eyebrows, eyes, nose & mouth)
depict critical info on facial expression & head movement
3 ASFO: America Society of Forensic Odontology accurate & perfect detection of facial features is important SF CHM
1970 founded, promotes interest & research in field of FO/FD 1 security & surveillance systems 4 Human-computer interaction(HCI)
various opportunities for continuing edu thru course listing
2 face recognition & tracking 5 model-based video coding
provides 3 criminal identification
& online case presentations

4 International Organization for Forensic Odonto-Stomatology DENTAL STRUCTURES

hardest & well protected resist decomposition, hi temp & last
1987 w LGP Objectives
structures in the body one to disintegrate after death
• provide a liaison between societies of (legal) FO on a global basis
• promote GAR goodwill, advancement and research in FO TAKE - AWAYS
• publish a newsletter on a regular basis
• principal basis of the dental identification: no two oral cavities are
alike and the teeth are unique to an individual
FOSP: Forensic Odontology Society of the Philippines
• dental evidence of deceased recovered from the scene of crime
2010 integration of FO in school curriculum & creation of FOSP
occurrence: compared w antemortem records for identification
June Univ of Baguio: first school that offered BFSci (Bachelor of
tooth morphology, give every indiv a unique identity MRW VC PRC
2013 Forensic Science) 1 missing tooth 4 variations in shape & size 7 rotations & peculiar
BFSci 4 yr & non board course fresh grad, shs & degree holders, 2
restorations 5
crowding of teeth dental anomalies
course: under the cluster of criminal justice educ by CHED 3
wear pattern 6
pathologies 8
color & teeth position

NBI: National Bureau of Investigation M2 L1 THEORIES OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION

stake- of PNP & PRC accredited continuing professional all human identif is because each human is considered to be unique
holder development (CPD), offering specialized training/course in
LIP SF WHY is human identification IMPORTANT?
1 Law enforcement 4 Security & Safety Importance integral part of all investigations carried on scene of
2 Investigation 5 Forensic Science the crime (arise in mass disaster, plane crash, tsunami)
3 Para-legal
Refers to establishment of individuality of a person
Identification characteristics which a person may be recognized,
RAQUEL B. DEL DR MARIE CORAZON de UNGRIA
establishment of person’s individuality, can be
ROSARIO FORTUN head of DNA analysis laboratory, in Natural accomplished by several methods
Sciences of Research Institute in UP Diliman
first Filipino women WHAT is the MEANING human identification
forensic pathologist
may mean 1 Biometric identification 3 Face recognition
M1 L2 MAIN ASPECTS OF FORENSIC DENTISTRY BFFF 2 Face perception 4 Forensic identification

Personal Identification: RIH

Role of Forensic Odontologist establish a person’s identity
1. Required for legal & humanitarian reasons
Dental major role in keeping accurate dental records &
Professionals providing necessary info for legal authorities may 2. Identification: the establishment of person’s individuality
recognize malpractice, negligence, fraud or abuse, 3. Helps in FASA (facilitate remarriage of a surviving spouse,
and identify unknown humans allow cremation or burial of the body, settlement of property,
Teeth physiologic variation, pathoses & effects of therapy, record according to relevant religious and cultural customs)
information (remains throughout life & beyond)
2 Basic Types of Human Identification CU
may also by used as weapons & leave info on the biter
1 Confirmation 2 Unknown
6 Main Areas of Practice: II AA CA
deceased: thought to be a particular person deceased: found in
1 Identification found human remains 5 Civil cases involving situation, no clues at
person killed & burned in rental car
malpractice scene & any
2 Identification in mass fatalities (deceased: person who rented the car,
particular person
3 Assessment of bite mark injuries 6 Age esti & sex determination consultant compares antemortem of renter
w postmortem of deceased skeleton found
4 Assessment of cases of abuse (child, spousal, elder abuse) in field

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 4TH YR | Lecture & PPT | FORENSIC IN DENTISTRY
For Unknown Human Identification: COMPARISON RESULTS: PEPP
A common but unreliable means is: visual identification of remains 1 Positive: true match 3 Possible: viable, workable, potential
Authorities will also attempt to confirm the identity by using more 2 Exclusion: eliminate 4 Probable: strong evidence to establish
reliable scientific methods to positively identify the unknown remains presumption but not proof
UFD: 1 use of DNA, 2 fingerprint comparison
3 dental, anthropological or medical records M2 L3 RATIONALE: POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS
*each employs established methodologies that will support (or refute Teeth hardest part of the body attached to jaws
the identification. serves to help digest food, act as a defense mechanism
very much valuable during postmortem identification of a
According to Interpol: 3 PRIMARY METHODS TO FFD
recovered human remains that is beyond recognition
1 Forensic Ridge Analysis 2 Forensic Odontology 3 DNA Analysis
WHY TEETH? EETT
Forensic Identification expertise encompasses TFFH 1Every human body ages in similar manner
1 Toolmark comparisons 3 Firearms (ballistics)
teeth follows a semi standard pattern, quantitative measurements
2 Fingerprint 4 Handwriting help establish the relative age of the person
TFFH used by crime laboratories to associate or dissociate a 2
Each human has individual set of teeth
suspect w a crime can be traced back to establish dental records -find missing indiv
shoe & tire prints: fall within large pattern evidence domain *human dentition is never the same in any two indiv

DNA Matching best way to identify body parts

3 Teeth are made of enamel (hardest tissue in the body)
can withstand trauma (decomposition, heat degradation, water
DNA Analysis can be automated by ensuring max quality & immersion, and desiccation) better than other tissues in the body
rapidity of hi volume testing
4Teeth are a source of DNA
M2 L2 METHODS OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION dental pulp or a crushed tooth can provide nuclear or mitochondrial
DNA that to help identify a person
The process of HI are performed by a team w ff manners: ECM
1Examination IDENTIFICATION PARAMETER
& recording of all details of unkwn body & living persons
• Clinical examination: visual exam, x-ray, models & photographs 1 Dental Comparison (FDR SF) Dental Identification (BD DL RD)
• Microscopic examination: teeth & body 2 Finger, Palm & Foor prints 1 Bite mark
• Chemical examination: stains (blood, food chem)
3 DNA 2 DNA analysis (x & y)
2Collecting of info of sinister character from missing persons 4 Radiograph 3 Dental age estimation
3
Matching data obtained from body w record of missing person 5 Species, Sex, Race 4 Lip print/mark

TECHNIQUES OF HUMAN IDENTIFICATION USING THE DENTITION: DRC 6 Facial Reconstruction 5 Rugae print
1 DNA Analysis 2 Comparative Dental Identification 6 Denture identification
dental evidence: comparing antemortem (before death)
TRADITIONAL METHODS: VR HP
teeth, saliva from postmortem data (after death)
1
Visual 2
Radiographic 3
Histologic 4
Physical & Chemical
3 Reconstructive based on postmortem data gathered, to elicit
Dental Profiling ROSA (race, occupation, sex, age) MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS
to probable identification
Biopsy Autopsy
FOUR CONCLUSIONS/DEGREES OF CERTAINTIES: PPIPE
done in living body, antemortem done in dead body, postmortem
according to American Board of Forensic Odontology
determine the presence or determine the cause of death,
1 2
Positive Possible (Presumptive) extent of disease state of health before death
Identification Identification
Gender
antemortem & postmortem data antemortem & postmortem data
match in sufficient detail consistent features Male Female

sufficient uniqueness - enough info may be missing

comparable items from either source
no unexplainable discrepancies quality of p. remains/ a.
to establish that they are from evidence not possible to
same individual establish identity positively

3 4
Insufficient Evidence Probable Identification
avail info insufficient to form basis high level of concordance data,
for conclusion or supportive lack of radiograph support
evidence

5 antemortem & postmortem data: clearly inconsistent

Exclusion

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 4TH YR | Lecture & PPT | FORENSIC IN DENTISTRY
SEQUENTIAL TYPE OF EXAMINATION (DICE) POSTMORTEM IDENTIFICATION

1) DENTAL (RPS) CLASSIFICATIONS OF RECOVERED HUMAN REMAINS: BTS DVD

1 2
1
Radiographs (LDAD) Burned Traumatized
Lateral head Dental Anterior-Posterior Disarticulated jaw similar to traumatized victim fairly recent but violent death
2
Study Models 3
Photographs slightly reddened skin - badly suffered some physical trauma,
burned w charred or
removal of maxilla & mandible
2) CLOTHING (CTS) incinerated remains
done to present best possible
1 Color 2 Type 3 Size (belt & shoe size) fragility of remains require view
special handling
3)EXTERNAL BODY (CUTE SB)
3 4
Skeletonized & Decomposed Drowned
1 Circumcision present 3 Tattoos
range from viewable to
2 Unusual phy characteristics 4
Evidence of old burns/fractures
decomposed
(missing digits, large ears/nose) absence of ligaments, cartilages, tissues
5
Scars 6
Birth marks cold water : svrly bloated,
& organs
well preserved
4) INTERNAL BODY (FOM) leaves hardened tissue forming the
hot water: badly bloated,
1
Foreign bodies 2
Old fractures 3
Missing organs (appendix) supporting framework of body
decomposed
care must be taken w dental structures
TECHNIQUES FOR EXPOSING DENTAL STRUCTURES FOR EXAMINATION
& RECORDING DENTAL EVIDENCE: JIE 5 6
Viewable Decomposed
1 reflect all soft tissue = expose bone
Jaw Resection
died a nonviolent death remains will present w
(muscle & oral mucosa)
most, if not all, soft
2 3 little physical change w appearance while
Inframandibular Incision Extraoral Incision tissues gone, care
alive & discovered dead
incise the skin inferior & (Facial Dissection) must be handled with
viewed by fam/friends, open casket funeral dental structures
medial to mandible extend bilateral incisions from oral
(direction ear across midline commissures (body of ramus BURNED & INCINERATED REMAINS: 4 Categories/Degrees
to opposite ear) parallel w plane of occlusion) 1
First Degree Burns 2
Second Degree Burns
Labelling & Preservation of Dental Evidence (TLMS) superficial w no blistering, some/most epidermis is destroyed,
1) Teeth & resected or fragmented jaw can be preserved in either swollen, red & painful blister & scarring
10% formalin or embalming fluid 1 First Degree Burns (always fatal) 4 Fourth Degree Burns
2) Label must not be smeared, removed or fade over time both dermis & epidermis destroyed & necrosis charring w total
3) Must include the case num, date & examiner destruction of skin &
pain is absent (destruction of nerve endings)
underlying tissue
4) Soft tissue should not be stored in formalin/embalming fluid
• cause desiccation & distortion of tissue REASONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN REMAINS: CM M BC
• cause dissolving pigmentation/blood by products 1 2
Criminal Marriage
FREEZE SOFT TISSUE SPECIMENS criminal death cant begin indiv from many religious bg cant
done by some pathologists & used solution that will not distort tissue: until victim is positively marry unless their partner are
identified confirmed decease
2 parts 5% acetic acid 4 parts formaldehyde 4 parts water
3 4
place tissue in solution, remove & wrap in towel of solution Monetary Burial
store in a labelled “zip locked” freezer bag & free payments of pensions, many religions require positive identification
life insurance & others prior to burial in geographical sites
Modified Interpol Postmortem Odontograph
5 identification of indiv missing for prolong time can bring
Antemortem: Yellow Postmortem: Pink Closure
pear & closure to family members

WHY THE NEED TO POSITIVELY IDENTIFY A PERSON? PA

Provide closure
positive ID vital for family members in going thru grieving process
knowing that their loved ones have been found

Assist in legal matters

positive ID & necessary settle business and personal affairs like
subsequent disbursement of insurance proceeds, estate
death certificate transfer, execution of the will, settlement of
probate, child custody and others

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